***' :^-:,. :. BOOK DEPOT..-<:.'-'---..J

WRGU[ffi(Shaft Authenticated)

.PRAYAS YOU HAVE SEBI\ ME PRAYINGO(Hsdith)

Compiled by:A,R.M. Mubarak

(Nawalapitiya - Sri Lanka)

Published byHATHEE BOOK DEPOT

COLOMBO

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CompiledBy

Edition

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(Arabic & English )

PublishedbY

:AUTHOR

: PRAYERGTITDE

: A.R.M. Mubarak

: lst Edition - Nov. 2006

2ndEdition -JulY2007

3rd lRevised Edition - January 2009

:3000

: 105

: Jehan Printers,

165, DematagodaRoad, Colombo 09

Mrs. U.FazliYa Wahid - (dl6'il)

@@fi6vr; - O: 0112679070 | 072294

: I{ATIIEE BOOKDEPOT

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Colombo 11

Tel 2332672

NO.01.

02.03.

04.05.

06.

a7.

08.

09.

10.

11.

CONTENTSPAGE

PR.EFACEFIVE KALIIITAS 01.

F'UNDANIENTAL OF ISLAM 03

EMAN. BELIEF IN ISLAM 04

TYPES OF WATER A4

NAJASAH - IMPURITIES 05

TYPES OF NAJASAII/IMPURITIES (NAJIS) 06

TO CLEAN FROM NAJASAH (NAJIS) 05

NAJASAH - THATARE PARDONABLE 06

RECOMMENDED ETIQUETTES FOR

PASSING MOTION OR ISTINJA 06

ACTS THAT CORRESPOND TO THE NATURE

OF I\{ANKIND 07

12. ABLUTION . WUDU 07

13. THE CONDITIONS (SHART) PRIOR TO

THE PERFORMANCE OF ABLUTION (WUDU)

14. THE OBLIGATORY ACTS OF WUDU (FARDH)

15. THE SUNAN ACTS OF WUDU (OPTIONAL)

16. SUPPLICATION AFTER WUDU

17. THE MAKROOH (DESPISED) ACTS OF WUDU

18. THE ACTS THAT NULLIFY WUDU

19. ACTIONS THAT DO NOT NULLIFY WUDU

20. AcrIoNS THAT REQUIRB WUDU AS

A PRE-REQUISITE 11

2I. ACTIONS FOR \\'HICH A STATE OF PURITY IS

PREFERED OIUSTAHABS) 11

22, WIPING O\TR THE BOOT OR SOCKS

(MASH-UL-KHIFF) 12

GHUSL. BATH 13

ACTS TIL{T ARE FORBIDDEN TO THE IMPURE' 13

THE SLIAI GHUSL -(B^{TH) COMMENDABLE 13

THE OBLIGATORY ACTS OF THE GHUSL (BATH) '. 14

TIIE OPTTON.{L ACTS OF THE GHUSL (BAr$ 14

THE TAIA}I}T-UM AND ITS CONDITIONS 14

08080910101011

,a24.t{26.27.28.

I

29. CONDITION UNDER WHICH ONE ISPERMITTED TO PERFORM TAYAMMUM

30 THE FARDH (PRINCIPAL) ACTS OF TAYAM-MUM31. WHAT NULLIFIES TAYAM-MUM32. WHAT TAYAM-MUM MAKES PERMISSIBLE33. SALAH PRAYER34. THE TIMES IN WHICH TIIE PRAYERS

ARE PROHIBITEDAZAN (CALL OF PRAYER)CONDITIONS MET BY THE CALLER TOAZAN AND IQAAMAHTHE SUNNAH'S OF AZANTHE TEXT OF AZANAZAN FOR FAJR (SUBAH)IQAMATTEXT OF IQAMATTHE SUNAN FOR THE LISTENERS OF THE AZANDARUD AFTER THE AZANTHE DU'A AFTER THE AZANTHE PRAYER CHART (NUMBERS OF RAKATS)THE SUTRATHE QIBLAHINTENTION. NIYYAHPRAYER - INTRODUCTIONTHE CONDITIONS THAT MAKE THE F'ARDHPRAYERS WAJrB UPON A PERSON (SHROOT)

51. THE CONDITIONS OF FARDH PRAYERS52, THE TYPES OFPRAYERACTS53. THE RUKNS OR THE OBLIGATORY ACTS

OF THE PRAYERSTHE SUNNAH ACTS OF PRAYERTHE SUNNAHS WHILST IN PRAYER-THE SUNNAH ABA ADH ACTSTHE SUNNAH HAY.AAT ACTSTHE ACTS THAT NULLIFY THE PRAYERTHE DESPTSED (MAKROOH) ACTS OF pRAyER

t415l51515

35.36.

16t6

37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.

t7t7I8202020202l1')).23232424

24242sJ

2st26

54.55.

56.57.58.

27272828

lll

59.

60.61.

SAJADHA 'SAH' FOR FORGETFULNESS(EXPTATORY)TO SIT AND PRAYTHE AWRAH - THE ISLAMICALLYCOVERABLE PARTS

62. THE NIYYAH FOR PARTICULAR PRAYERS63. THE NIYYAH IN ARABIC - WITH MEANING64. THE CONDUCT OF SALAH65. RECITATION BE,T'ORE, I'ATTIIIIAII66. AFTER THE RECITAL OF THE TA'AWWUZ67. SURAH FATHIHAH68. RECITATION OF SURAH FATHIHAH'

BEHIND AN IMAM69. RECITATION AFTER SURAH FATHIHAH 36

7A. RUKU - BOWING 37

7I. FIRST SAJADAH 38

72. JULOOS - SITTING BETWEEN TWO SAJADAHS 39

73. TASHAHUD 40

74. STANDING UP FOR THIRD RAKAT 42

75. DU'AS AFTER SALAWAATUL IBRAHIMIYYA

2930

303131331434

35

(DARUD)76. ENDING THE PRAYER77. DUOAS AFTER SALUTATIONS78. SUPPLICATIONS AFTBR PRAYERS (DU'AS)79. THE JAMAAT PRAYERS (PRAYERS PERFORMED

IN CONGREGATION)80. THE LAWS FOR PRAYER IN JAMAAT81. THE CONDITONS OF THE JAMAAT LAWS.82. THE DISSAPPROVED IMAM ( MAKHROOH)

, 83. THE SUNNAH ACTS OF JAMAAT PRAYER84. THE MASBOOQ OR LATE-COMER .

85. THE JUMUAH PRAYER (FRIDAY PRAYERS)86. THE CONDITIONS (SHART) THAT MAKE THE

FRIDAY PRAYER (JUMUAH) FARDH AIN.87. THE CONDITIONS CONCERI\ING THE

VALIDITY OF THE FRIDAY PRAYER (SAHEEH)

88. PERSON ENTERING THE MOSQUE DURINGKHUTBAH TIME

iv

43444446

54f,f,tf,56565657

58

59

59

89.90.91.92.93.94.95.

LATE COMER 60THE SUNNAH ACTS OF F'RIDAY PRAYER 60THE FARDH (pRrNCrpLES) OF THE KHUTBAHS 60THE CONDITIONS OF THE KHUTBAHS 6ITHE SUNNAHS OF THE KHUTBAHS 6IPRAYER AFTER JUMUAH 6IIMPORTANCE OF GOING EARLY TO (JUMUAH)

96.

97.98.99.I 00.I 01.

r02.

FRIDAY PRAYERTHE QASR AND JAMA PRAYER (THESHORTENED AND THE COMBINED PRAYER)WHEN TO SHORTEN AND COMBINE PRAYERSDURATION OF JOURNEYNAFL PRAYER ON JOURNEYTIIE CONDITIONS OF THE QASR PRAYERS.THE CONDITIONS OF THE JAMMUTAQDEBM PRAYERSTHE CONDITIONS OF JAM'MU

6l

6263646464

65

6565666667676869

TATIK EER PRAYERS103. WITR PRAYERIO4. NUMBER OP RAKATS IN WITR PRAYER105. HOW TO PRAY WITR106. RECITATION IN THE WITR107. DU'A AL QUNUT IN THE WITRI08. SUPPLICATIONS AFTER WITR109. THE JANAZA PRAYERIIO. THE OBLIGATIONS TOWARDS THE DEAD.

(MAYYrr)I11. HOW TO CONDUCT JANAZA PRAYERII2. WHERE JANAZA PRAYER DIFFERSrI3. THE OBLIGATORYACTS OF THE

JANAZA PRAYERII4. THE SUNNAHS OF'THE JANAZA PRAYER115. CONDUCT OF JANAZA PRAYER116. FIRST TAKBIR OR TAKBIR TAHRIMAII7. SECOND TAKBIR118. THIRD TAKBIR119. ENDING THE JANAZA PRAYER (FOURTHI2O. EID PRAYER. THE TWO EID FESTIVALS

697070

707l7l7l7373

TAKBTR;7475

I2I. PLACE FOR EID PRAYER122. TIMB OF EiD PRAYER123. NUMBER OF RA.xA*TS OF EID PRAYERI24. CONDUCT OF EID PRAYERS125. EID PRAYER IS OFFERED BEFORE KHUTBAH126. TAI(BIRAT DURING THE DAYS OF EID127. THE INTBNTION (I*IYYAT) FOR EID PRAYERS128. SALAT.AL-KHAUR PRAYER AT FEARI29. SALAT-AL-KUSUF, PRAYER AT AN ECLIPSE130. SALAT:AL- AAYAT, PRAYER FOR SIGNS131. SALAT-AT-TAUBA, THE PRAYER FOR PBNITENCE132. SALAT.AL ISTISQA (PRAYBR IN THE TIME OF

DROUGHT. PRAYER FOR RAINSOMB SUPPLICATIONS FOR RAINMORE SUPPLICATIONS FOR RAINTHE TAHIYYATUL MASJID PRAYERSALAT-AL- ISTIIGIARAH ( PRAYER WHEN SEEKINGGUIDANCE IN DECISION MAKING)M.LAT-AT: HAJAH . THE PRAYER FOR NEEDSALAT-AL-TASBIHTHE TAHAJJUD PRAYER (NIGHT PRAYER)SUNNAH ACTS OF TAHAJJUD PRAYERDUA ATT-AHAJJUD PRAYERTHE RBCOMMENDED TINIE FOR TAHAJJUDPRAYER 90TARAWIH (RAMADHAN) PRAYER 90THE DUHA PRAYER (SALATUL DUHA) 91RECOMMENDED TIME FOR THE DUHA PRAYER 9IMISSED PRAYERS (QADA) 93PRAYBII IN CONGREGATIO\ 93HEART RENDERING DUA AT THE TIME OF UHUD 95THE PRAYS AT ATT.AIF 97VTRTUES OF SALAT 97PRAYER AND FORGETFULNESS 98WHEN WASHING THE FACE IN ABLUTION? 99ACTIONS THAT DO NOT NULLIFYABLUTIOI{ (WUDU)

154. REFERENCES

7576767676767778787980

80818283

848587878788

133.134.135.136.

137.l 38.13 9.1 40.141.742.

I 43.r44.1 45.r46.

_, 717 .

1-{8.1.19.

1 50.151.152.1 53.

100103

VI

*r=J'_"-ij; *ln the nante of Allah the most BeneJicent. the most mercilitl

PREFACE

There are plenty of books dealing with the subject of Salat (prayer) in Tamil, Arabicand Urdu. Many of these books are written in order to provide informative andcomprehensive view ofhow salat should be performed according to the Sunnah oftheHoly Prophet (sal). But in English there are only few books-which deal with thesubject in the informative and authentic manner. Sorne books are over loaded withunnecessary recitais and weak sayings and adopt Du'a's irreievant to Salat or wuduetc. Many books published in the Indo-pak Sub continent are so bulky withunnecessary details.

Further, most of the books found in English are without reference to theoriginal sources. Some books are written by the traditional Ulema to suit the practicesof certain Kings and Mullas.

. \o* the English speaking crowd is spreading in every Nook and corner ofthe town. International schools are muslroonred on the heart and ecge of every town.The number o1 Engiish speaking crowd is also increasing day b;, cirir.

. Keeping these points in vierv I felt that the need is existing to produce aconcise book on Salat, but without omitting any of the essential and Sirnnair part andpractice ofSalat.

Keeping in view of the new comers (Re verts) to Islam every eflbrt has beenmatle to produce this book in simple and easy lan_quage. I found that most of Muslimsin Sri Lanka follow shafi School of thought keeping ihis in view I have tried to quotehis authenticated quotations avoiding established piactices.

I hope and pray that Allah rvill accept this humble atterrpi. because withouthis support and irelp I would never have been able to do this.

Finally, It is hoped that his work will help the ordinary Muslim to clarig, hisdoubts which he may harbor.

May Allah bless us and guide us in the right path.

A.R.M. MubarakJustice ofthe Peace60 J9. Soysakelle Road.Nawalaoitiva

\41

PUBLISHERS NOTE

All praise be to Allah, Sustainer of the worids and may the blessings and peacebe upon the master ofthe prophets, on his progeny and all ofhis companions.

The primary aim of this publication is to Educate the English speaking crowd,and make them understand the basic principles of Islam. In this booklet we have dealtwith purity, Fard and Sunnah prayers etc.

Praying in Islam is incumbent upon every muslim. Realizing this fact, we haveembarked on publishing a prayer guide book in English, with authenticity.

We are indebted to the Editor and the Compiler of this book. Al Haj A.R.M.Mubarak who provided his great efforts.

We hope and pray that this efibrt may be accepted and recognized in the worldand that it may prove useful.May Islam and Muslims benefit from this book.

PublisherHathee Book Depot52/5,2nd Cross Street,Colombo l l, SriLanka29.r020f5

ull

l. Transliterqtion of Letters

a. Consonants

b!J

khtd)dh -)

r)ziS_Lf

sh' tts ed e

b. Vowels:

LFollowingaConsonant a

u

iI

u

i

a

- L--'di

,-

-

ae_A

= ;J_^s

lq5t*.; lli i.:(l*_91_9

q i:sr -L-

Iiu

t c.,

ftdr

eC

t-b

t..D

I

f'

..-;

,a

,I

\

--a

9

t

z

Ayn

dlF

q

k

I

m

n

h

w

v

.-j-Xf ;.af\41)1.1

2' FIVE KALIMAS: First Kalima

"rl jF: 3a-zairr *t o.rtv

Lu Ilaha Illalta hu Muhummadurrasoolullahi

Meaning:NonebutAllahisworthyofworshipandMuhammad(S.A.W)istheMessenger of Allah.

Second Kalima

ii "q-=: y ii:-r a-i-.tr in1 t-r1 * ;f t l 'i'i

t 7',. '"" o'ti' :. iJ,it €;,iJa-l -o-.,-r-o 6 J{ | J!-o-

AshhacluAnLayiluhalllaltahuWahdahuLashereekaLahu,WaAshhaduAnnaMuhammurlanAbdultuWarasooluhw

Meaning:IbearwitnessthatthereisnodeitybutAllah'Whoisalone'andHehas no partner and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and

Messenger.

Third Kalimat -, o | - f ..^.?,- ir, .t- ot

ajlt-, illl )! 4l! \li 4ll i-ll, 4ll ot-,+*,,

.t.-i,,r-o J t ''?'ir''to'it't 7'er+!r . ajt 1ll ! )! ;fi J-,JF )-rrP t

\,Y

SubahannatlahiWat-humdulittahi,Wala.illahaillallahuWatlahuAkbar, Wala hawla wala

qawata illah bitlah -hil-Aliyil A(b)zeem

Meaning:Glory be to Allah and all Praise be to Allah. There is none worthy ofworship besides Allah and Allah is the Greatest. There is no Powerand might except from Allah the Most High - the Great.

Fourth Kalima

i'^ ir "oj3 ,iri"jr "4J "4r q; f 6s--3 ai-lt 9t ill t,; s;;s$jt e+ ,r. i :r qJ-,_

1jj-3,"*L1,.JSJ-/ V-La illaha lllal-lahu Wahadahu, Lu Sharika Lahu Lahul Malku,

Walahul Hamdu, Yultyi - wu yumeetu, biyadihil-khair,Vl/a-huwa ala Kulli Shaiyin quadeer

Meaning:There is none Worthy of Worship besides Allah, who is Alone and has no

partner, His is the Kingdom and for Him is all Praise. He gives Life and

causes Death. In His hand is all Good and He has Power over everything,FifthKalima

r i .i*. .1sr lr,-=i .i\ ;r-" eq 33;l Fl i__ii_lfiI ,tE1'-:;1 : r - J A'r-+-*:;1" --l:11 iI,

"',). - r?o -:-2 : - 2 o!'"'l i ":-*-{ ;L-\ ;.--c. &r-*J q'J-e .=' i': +iFij-ll ^y;=t t-' - - -p.

J_lil3 .r. : ;'11 .:. i | .'.1: -)l;>tl 3.--+ ,s_+jJJl jt;:--, i:-: airt *l al*

Allahumma inni a'oodubika min-an Ushrika bika shaian wa'a'naa'lamu wastghJiruka lima la a'lamu Innaka Antha Aallamul

Uyoob, Tubutu Anhu Wata-bar-ratu An kulli Dinin Siva DinilIslam. Wa Aslamta, Wa Aamantu Wa AqooluLa ilaha illal lahu MuhammadurrasoolillahL

Meaning:o' Allah verily, I do seek refuge in Thee, from associating any partership toyou. I beseech Your forgiveness for my sins which I have done Knowingly orunknowingly. You know very well, what I know not. I have changed my mindand vowed not to do sin anymore. I have totally givenup all idlologies andconcepts, except Islam. I do hereby declare solemnly, that there is noneworthy ofworship exceptAllah and Muhammad (S.w.S.) isthe MessenserofAllah.

3. FUNDAMENTAL OF ISLAM

"(o1'"i{.*,.1Isa7'"

tdr'e

{rJ t!t a.rt i;i6-{'tt:t+lr

+ill elLi*:.l .;LV

- -. 1 - & o .oJl,t'ur t*l-qS;vv

,.., i i Il '1. --r'll€4tVJ

t-c)\.:,Yt ;i

2+*aj

6AIr eGlr "i:r .lF-;tt:;; iri,z;;\:J

Buniyal IslamAla Ham* ShahadatuA(n) Llayi Laha lllal tahuwaAnnu Muhammadarusullahi, Wa lqamus Salathi, Wa Eethawus

Zakati Wu Saumi Ramalana Wa Hajjul BaithiManistathqa lllaihi Sabilaa

Meaning:It is related by Abdullah bin uman that the- postle of Attah said:

Islam is built upon five things. The testimony that there is nodeity butAllah, and that Muhammad is His Bondsman andApostle, andthe observance ofPrayer, and the payingof zakat and the fast of Ramazanand the pilgrimage to Mecca,

(Buhari)

4. EMAN - BEL{EF I\ ISLAM

Amanto Billahi llsmala-ekatihi LYct Kutubihi wo- rusoolihi wal-yaumtl akhiri wal quudri Khuirihi wa shatihi minal lahi Tsala

Meaning:I believe Allah and His Angels, His scriptures, His Messengers. and the

Day of Judgement and that everything good and bad (in the world) ispre-destined by Aliah Exalted.

5. TYPES OF WATERIt is essential that there be a Topic on water for water is the basis of allcleanliness.5. The Shariah has divided water into four kinds.

L Maa al Mutlaq - or ordinary water2. Maa almusta'mal or used water (for Purification)3. Maa al Mutanajjis or impure water4. Water mixed with pure elements.

1. Ordinary water is water that has not been used previously and it isthat which is not mixed with impurities. The Law (Hukm) for this

type of water is that it purifies and the puriffing thereof is accept-

able or valid. It can be used to perform the Wudu and bathing and

to clean impurities.Exnmples of such water; Rain water, the seas, the lakes. the wells,

lhe canals, ice. springs, snow and hail.2. Maa Al Musta'mal

This category refers to water which drips from the person, after he

performs ablution or ghust (bath), It is considered pure because itwas pure before its use for ablution, and there is no basis to think

that it has iost its purity, ,i.-

andhear.ygroups like blood, Vomit, pus, wine, milkofan animal whoseis not halal, faeces, urine and carcasses other than that of a man irsectand fish. (Manee is not an impurity as a sign of respect for mankindsince he was created from it. one has however to take the obligatorybath (ghusl) whenthere is emissionofmanee (sperm).

8. TO CLEANSE FROM NAJASAH (NAJIS)The above different groups of Najasah have their respective laws forcleansing (Purifi cation)Thus, the

1. Mukhaffafah - (Light) Najassah is purified by sprinkling waterupon it thoroughly. This must be done after wiping offthe urine.

2. Muehallazhah (Heary) Najassah is purified by washing the areaseven times, one of the seven with dusty sand.

3. Mutawassitah (Moderate) Najassah is purified by allowing waterto flow over it if the Najassa is not seen but known to be there(hukumiyyah) However if it is Literally a Najassah that can beseen (ainiyyah) then it is cleansed by washing it with water until itscolour, smell or taste disappears. The water must flow over theareas.

9. NAJASSAH THAT ARE PARDONABLEl. A little blood, pus or vomit for example, the blood from a mos-

quito which is human blood, or from a boil, pimple etc.

10. RECOMMENDED ETIQUETTES FORPASSING MOTION OR ISTINJAA

L It is commendable or sunnah to step into the toilet with the leftfoot and to say:

-o 2or. cl-. ll- -.- o. ll aJ!LI5.J!_6 ,-r r r. ll '',,o

Allahumma innee a'oozhu bika minal khubuthi wal khabaa'ithMeaning:

4iri eLi4li

O'Allah I seek refuge in you from the satan (evil forces)

2. To step out ofthe toilet with right foot and to say:

dL|j3i (Ghufianaka)

I seek your forgiveness3. To use footwear4. To avoid facing the qiblah or turn back against the qiblah

5. It is not permissible to keep materials containing Quranic verses

or Names of Prophet S.W.S

6. It is not permissible to pass urine on a grave, under the trees, stag-

nant water or into a hole or the liquid is dispersed by the wind, orat a meeting place or on the public road, or while speaking to any-

one.

7. It is not permissible to pass motion standing unless it is unavoid-able due to illness etc.

8. Cleansing after evacuation Can be effected either with water orwith stones. by'stone' it is understood any hard clean object can be

used to remove filth. while cleansing left hand should be used.

I I. ACTS THAT CORRESPOND TO THE NATURE OF MANKIND

1. Circumcision. This prevents dirt from getting on one's penis and also

makes it easyto keep it clean. . This should be done on the seventh

day.

2 Shaving pubic hairs and pulling out underarm hairs. They are sunan

acts.

3. Clipping one's fingemails. Trimming and shaving his moustache. (Sunan

ofthe Prophet)

4. Oiling and combing one's hair5. To use musk and other oftypes ofAthar or perfi.rme free fromAlcohol.

12. ABLUTION WIJDHUAblution means to wash one's face, hands, arms, head and feet with

water. 7

The Quran says:

'O'You who believe, when yourise forPrayu, then washyour faces andyowhandsrpto tre elbows and lightlywipe yourheads (with water) and wash your feet rptoankles'. (5:0

Allah does not accept the Prayer of one who nullified his ablution untilhe performs it again. (Buhari)

Anas (-$) reported that the, Messenger ofAllah said: " If good character-istics exist in a person. Allah makes all of his acts good. If a personpurifies himself for Prayer, he expiates all of his sins and his prayer isconsidered an exha reward for him." (Abu ya'la, alBazzar, and AtTabarani in Al Ausat)

13. THE CONDTTION (SHART) pRrOR TO THE PERFORMANCEoFwuDU (ABLUTTOT\)

1. TobeaMuslim.2. To use clean and pure water.

3. To know of the acts that are obligatory for the performance of wudu.4. The parts of the body to be washed in the performance of wudu should not

carry anything that can change the nature (the taste, smell and colour) ofthe pure water.

5. The parts of the body involved should not be covered with something thatwould prevent the water from reaching them for example wax, paint or oiletc.

6 The Muslim should be in a pure state for the making of the wudu. He orshe should not be in the state ofmajor impurity.

14. TrrE OBLTGATORYACTS OFWUDU (ABLUTTON) FARnAblution has certiain components which, ifnot fulfilled according to thecorrect Islamic procedures, makes one's ablution void: There are asfollows:

1. Intention. (Niyyah). This is a duty, aprescribed law. The intention is

formulated at the moment ofproceeding to wash the face" trt is purely an

act of the heart, verbal pronouncementhas nothing to do with it-

2.Washingthe face. This involves "Pouring" or"running" waterfromthe

top of the foreheadto the bottom ofthe jaws, and from one earto the

other. (including the beard)

3.Washingthe arms tothe elbow

4. Wipingihe head. This means to wipe one's head with his wet hand. lt is

noisufficientjust to place the hand on ttre head or to touch the head with

a wet finger as some PeoPle do.

5. Washing the feet and the heels, including the ankles'

6. Following the sequences (Observing the Tartheeb)

15.THESUNNAHACTSOFABLUTION(WUDU)(OPTIONAL)The following acts are not obligatory but recommended'

l. MentioningthenameofAllahatthebeginning'BismillahirRahmanirRahim'

2 Washingthehands threetimes atthebeginning' up to the wris6'

3. To observe siwaak, using a stick or a similar object to clean one's teeth'

4. Rinsing the mouth three times'

5. Sniffing up and blowing out water three times'

6. Running water through his beard.

7. Running water through one's fingers and toes'

8. Repeating each washing ttree times.

9. Begining each action with the right side

l0.Rubbing the limbs with water.

ll.Close sequence

12. Wiping the ears.

13. Elongating the streaks of light. This refers to washing the complete

forefread. Apractice which is more than what is obligatory in washing the

face.

14. Economizing the use of water, even if one is in front of the sea. some

people wash their legs more than tbree times. This acts is despised'

i5. Suppication while performing ablution: There is nothing confirmed from

9

tire Prophet (S regarding srryplications dwing ablution16. Supplication after ablution.

'l_J 4;l i;:3 a_i_.il

'2 ao t -- tt o- t4 a - )q--J or! r a AJ--ti lJ-" ^-ro60

;,*+ tjJ I c,

Yl a ll ;ri t e:'it3l

fJ

- o?> t l-r 0;itJ

,,-rpl- o dl _tal o

i-:i,*4hd t J+Ashhadu An Layilaha lllallahu lltah da hu Lashereeka Lahu,

Wa Ash haduAnna Muhammadan Abduhu WarasooluhuAllah hum maj alnee minat taw-wabeen,

Waj alnee minal muta tah hireen,Meaning:I certift that there is no deity except Allah alone, And I testifu thatMuhammad (*g) is His Servant and Messenger, "O'Allah make meamong those who are penitent and make me among those who arepurified" and make me among your faithfiil servants".17. Praying two rak'ah after ablution is a sunnah.

17. THE MAKROOH DESPISEDACTS OFTHE WUDUI To talk or converse with anyother.2. To wash any part more than thrice.3. To waste water wastefully.4. To wash the left before the rieht.

18. THE ACTS TUAT NULLIFYWUDUl. An excretion of the penis, Vagina or anus. This would include urine,

feaces. Releasing wind or gas. As for padhi (prostatic fluid) the Prophetsaid make ablution conceming sperm or al mani, said hn Abbas" It requiresGhusl (both) and for al madhi and al wadi, wash your sex organs andmake ablution. (AJ Baituaqi Sruran)

10

2 Deep sleep that makes aperson completely unaware ofhis sunoundings.

If a person did not keep his buttocks firmly seated on the floor while

sleeping he must make a new ablution. If one's buttocks has remained

furnly on the floor during his sleep no new ablution is necessary.

3. t oss ofConsciousness: Through insanity, intoxication.

4.Touching the sexual organ without any "barrier" (clothes, and so on)

between the hand .

19. ACTIONS THAT DO NOT NULLIFYABLUTION

l.Touching a woman * (l'{on Mahram)

2. Bleeding from an unusual place. This involves bleeding due to a wound.

Cupping or a nosebleed and regardless of whether the amount of blood is

small or large.

3. Vomit , whether the amount of vomit is great or small.

5. Of doubts whether or not one has released gas.

6. Laughing during Prayer.

7. Washing a dead person.

20. ACTIONSTIIIITREQUIREABLUTIONASAPRE-REQUISITE.

1 . Any type ofritual simple Prayer. This involves only obligatory voluntary

or funeral Prayers.

2.Tawaf -Circumambulating the Ka'bah.

3. Touching the copy of the Quran. (Most of the scholars, however, agree

that such people may recite the Quran without touching it. However,

according to some scholars one may touch it in a state ofminor imptrity

and not in post-sex impwity.)

21. ACTIONS FOR WHICH A STATE OF PURITY IS PREFERRED

(MUSTAHABS)

l. While mentioning the name ofAllah (Shirk)

2.Going to sleep (the Prophet ( W) said " When you go to your bed,

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perform ablution.3. To remove sexual impunty4. Before performing Ghusl (bath), whether an obligatory or a preferred

act.

5. Before eating foodtouchedby fire.

6. Renewing the ablution for every Prayer.

22. WTPING OVER THE BOOT OR SOCKS (MASHUL KHUFF)

What is meant by boot wiping is that when taking that wudu, the

boots are wiped clean instead of taking off the boots or socks to

wash the feet with water. Boot wiping was allowed as a sign of the

Mercy of Allah. It is equally allowed, to wipe over the slippers or

sandals.

A. 1. Condition for wiping over the socks and boots

One must have put his socks or shoes while in a state of purity.

2. The top of socks is to be wiPed.

3. The boots are strong and durable.

B.The duration of the wiping.1. One day and one night for the non- traveller.

2. Three day and three nights for the traveller (who is travelling a

distance of two days or more.

C.The description of the Wiping. After a person completes his

ablution and puts on his socks or boots it is proper for him to wipe

over them later on when he wants to perform ablution. The right

boot is wiped once and then the left once. It is only the top part ofthe boot is wiped.

D. What invalidates the wiPing1. The ends of the permissible time period for wiping.

2. Post sex impurity

I2

3. Removal ofthe socks.

23. GHUSL- BAT'HGhusl means to wash the entire body with water. There are two kinds ofbath one is obligatory and the other is sunan -commendable.Actions Requiring Ghusl

l.Discharge of al-mani owing to stimulation while sleep or awake.2. Menstruation3. Sexual Intercourse4. Nifaas5. Death6. Touching the two circumcised parb.This refers to the penis and the vagina.

If one's penis has entered his wife's vagina, ghusl is obligatory even ifthere was no ejaculation.

7. Anon-Muslim upon embracing Islam.

24. ACTS THAT ARE FORBIDDEN TO THE IMPURE

l.Prayer2. Circumambulating (Tawaf) the Ka'bah3. Touching or carrying the Quran4. Reciting the Quran5. Staying in the Mosque.

25. THE SUNAN GHUSL (COMMENDABLE)

l.Before the Friday Prayer2.For the Two Id Festival Prayers3. Ghusl for washing a corpse.4. Making Ghusl for Haj5. Making Ghusl upon entering makkah6. Making Ghusl at the mountArafah

13

7. Before putting on the Ihram.

26. THE OBLIGATORYACTS OFGHUSL1.The intention (Only in the heart)2. Washingall parts ofthe body

Z7.TIJE OPTIONALACTS OFTHE GHUSL1 .Performing wudu (ablution)2. To say Bi.qp111u1t1. Rahumanir Rahim3. To rub the whole body.4. To run the fingers between the fingers, toes, hair and beard and all

the folds of skin especially in places more liable to perspiration.5" Por.lr water on the head.

6" Give priority to the right side.7. To perform the washings of each part thrice8. To remove all the filth from the body.

A woman subject to menstruation should also rub with musk anyparts of the body that bear traces of blood or if she has no musk withany other perfume.

28. THE TAYAMMUM (Thyammum)Tayammum means "aiming or seeking soil to wipe one's face andhands with the intention of preparing oneself to pray and so on.

29. CONDITION UNDER WHICH ONE IS PERMITTEDTO PERFORM TAYAMMUM:

1. If water is not available.2. Water is available but it cannot be used for fear that it may worsen

thq illness. etc.3. the water is needed to water the livestock.4. If one is likely to miss the time of Prayer if one remains in search of

water.

T4

5. In the case of a wounded person

6. The soil used for Thyammum must be pure.

30. THE FARD (Principal acts ofThyammum)

1.To make niyat in the heart. (I am performing Tayammum for the

performance of Prayers or for obligatory bath. (Ghusl)

2.Beginwith the name ofAllah3. Strike both palms of hand on clean sand, dust or anything contain-

ing these, eg. Wall or stone etc., then blow into the palms, pass the

palms of both hands over the face once and then rub your righthand with the left palm and the left hand with the right palm."

(Buhari and Muslim)

4. To observe the Tartheeb. (To follow the order)

31. WHAT NULLIFIES TAYAMMUM

In addition to the presence of water, everything that nullifies the

ablution nullifres Tayammum.

What is sunnah for wudu are also the sunnah of Tayammum.

32. WHAT TAYAMMUM MAKES PERMISSIBLE

Tayammum makes permissible such as praying and touching the

Quran. He does not have to make it during the time of Prayeq and he

may pray as many Prayers as he wishes, exactly as he can after

performing ablution.

33. SALAH PRAYERa) "And establish regular Prayers; truly Prayers will give restraint

from lewdness and evil."(Sura Ankabut :45)

15

The salah is the second principal oflslam. It is one ofthe more impor-tant pillan of Islam. The only distinction between a Muslim and a nonMuslim is theperformance ofsalah.

b) Times of PrayerEach salah must be offered at or during its proper time. No Salahcan be offered before its time. There are five obligatory Salah ina day.

(i) Fajr Prayer: The time for the Fajr (Subah) Prayer starts atdawn and ends at sunrise.

(ii) Zuhr Prayer: The time for Zuhr or the early afternoonPrayer starts when the sun begins to decline frorh its Zenithand ends when the size of an object's shadow is equal to thesize of the object.

(iii) Asr Prayer: The time for Asr or late afternoon Prayer startswhen the shadow of something is equal to itself and ends justbefore sunset.

(iv) Maghrib Prayer: The Magrib or the sunset Prayer starts justafter sunset and ends when twilight has disappeared.

(v) Isha Prayer: The time for Isha or night Prayer starts from thedisappearacne of twilight and ends just before the break ofdawn. It is preferable to offer before midnight.

34. THE TIMES IN WHICH THE PRAYERS ARE PROHIBITED

It is forbidden to pray after the morning (subah) Prayer until the sun-rise and from the sunrise until the sun has completely risen to thelength of a spear above the horizon, and when the sun is at its merid-ian until it moves slightly to the west, and after the afternoon (Ashr)Praver until the sun sets.

35. AZAN (CALLTO PRAYER)

LThe AZAN is a specified call that announces the commencement ofthe Prayer time for a Fardhh Prayer. Both AZAN and Iqamah were

16

enforced in the Hijra year two ofthe Islamlc era.

2. The Iqaamah. The Iqaamah is a specified call that is called out aftertheAZAN. It announces the commencement ofthe congregation Prayer. Itis sunnah for every Fardhh Prayers.

"The callers to Prayer will have the longest necks of all people on the

Day of Resurrection."(Ahmad, Muslim, Ibn Majah)

36. CONDITIONS MET BY THE CALLER TO AZAN AND

IQAAMAH

l.It is a must that he (caller) make the AZAN forAllah's sake and notfor wages.

2. He should be clean from major or minor impurities3. He should be standing and facing the qiblah4. He should turn with his head, neck and chest to the right upon

saying "Hayya' alas - Salah' and to the left upon saying"Hayya'alal- Falah"

5. He should insert his index fingers into his ears.

6. He should raise his voice for the call, even he is alone in the desert.

7. He should pause between each phrase during the AZAN and be

quick in making the iqaamah.

8. He should not speak during the iqaamah.

9. The person made the AZAN should follow it up with the iqamah.

10. The AZAN should be in the Arabic Language.

37. THE SUNNAH'S OFAZANl.To face the qiblah2. To turn the face to the right when saying the two Hayya'alas Salaah;

and to turn the face to the left when saying the two Hayya' alalfalah'

3. The muaninis ajust person in that he is not a fasik. (Fasik one whoalways commits sin)

T7

4. He has a good loud voice and make it louder than usual5. He is in a pure state, free ofthe Major and Minor impwities.6. He stands on ahigh ground.

38. THETEXT OFAZAN- o-- -i .

J5 tallllio,nu, *no,

Allah is the Greatest

'-?i 4itiJ) t4JJt

AllaltuAllah is th

';(i-l . r

Allaltu AkbarAllah is the Greatest

^ o-- -i -,-r5 l4.Ill

aintroa*nn,Allah is the Greatest

i t | - o-iut y! +tt-y ot idt

Ash hadu an Ia ilaha illal lah'I bear witness that there is no deity butAllah

ntt-aJt !l oJ! y ot iajl

'Ash hadu an Ls ilaha illal lahI bear witness that there is no deity but Allah

tr s o-lll t J:J,"r t3:;J, 3J ia.:rt

Ash hadu anna Muhammadar Rasulul lah

Akbsre Greatest

t.4LII

I bear witness that Muhammad (#g) is the Messenger ofAllahv>-O_

-4lll JF ",ls-z9'.J ,7,1 5{$irr8\r

Ash haduAnna Muhammodar Rusulul lahI bear witness that Muhammad (#€) is the Messenger ofAllah

- _' . 3 ., i - t -

SrcJ'.-a.Jl ts.;Hayya'alas Salah

Come to Prayer- r t 7 lr i - t -x"t, ^rl )_c ,s.J LJ \J

Hayya'alus Salah

9o1"t to Prayerrl .lt t - 6 '

- )\-a_Jt )-9 ..S\-\.>t-

Huyya'ulalfalahCome to yopr Good (success)

zyCl )L ";!i>\>

Hayya alal FalaltCome to your Good (success)

t -Pi ti'-iJ l4lllJ.AllahuAkbar

Allah is the geatestt -7: ti'-i5 I ALI I

AllahuAkbarAllah is the greatest

'rat-{Ul Vt .4ll VLa ilaha illal lah

There is no deity but Allatr

l9

39 AZAN FOR FAJR (SUBAH)An additional phrase is included intheAZAN forthe FajrPrayer after the second Hayya alal Falah

.!lr -'g,i t- 't,, Ii'lJ"' u+-l+= c;'t-

Assalatu khayrum minan nawm - Prayer is better than sleep

".'t,--g":l\:liAssutatu*noyru*|#lnf";f ,#"ttsbetterthansleep

40.IQAMAT

Iqamat is the second call to Prayer and is uttered immediately beforethe begining of the obligatory Prayer offered with congregation.Text of Iqamat

Allahu Akbur -Allah is the Greatest

Allahu Akbar-Allahis the Greatest

Aslthadu an la ilaha illal lah

. Y:,iji5 I 4lllt.i.i tt '

-;5 l4lllairr ir ilt Y Ji ii.xi

I bearwitnessthatthere isno deitybutAllah i,.,., t.., ? ., e. t - ;;AshhaduAnno Muhammadar Rasulullah iltlJr; lL-z'-o gl 13'':'1

I bear witness that Muhammad (ffi) is the Messenger ofAllahHayya 'alas salah - come to Prayer ' i.'L:Jl.,,Lc;Hayya'alalfalah - Come to your good (success) Cy-Lll .,J-o .fQad qamatis Sulah - Jamaat is ready a'J*j.lt q1il3qQad qamatis Salah - Jamaat is ready a'*l--Ljl qf-L'd.l-riAtlahu Akbar -Allah is the Greatest " 'jfi$iAllahuAkbar -Allah is the Greatest 'fififiLa itaha ittal tah- There is no deity butAllah +i.rf if ^lf V

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42. TIJF,' SI.'NAN FOR THE LISTENERS OFTHEAZAN

1 .When the believers hear the AZAN they should listen to it in silence

and repeat each phrase of the AZAN in silence immediately after the

muaddin has finished saying the phrase.

2. When the Muaddin says:- Ilayya a'las Salah and Hayya a'alalFaluh, the listner should say in reply: Ls hawla Walo Quwattaillah Bittah (there is no Power or Strength other than withAllah)During Subah Azan when the sentence

'Assalotu Khuirum minan nawm' is said the listener repeats the

folloning:'Sadaqta Vl/a barurta'\bu are right and you have done good.

And in the iqamat when the 'qad qaamatus salaah' is said the listner

says instead:-'Aqaamahallaltu Wa adaamuhao'Allah establishes itandmakes it everlasting.

43. DARUDAFTER THE AZAN

-aii+ ri": --<il ri+l;! cjl'Allah humma salli ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammadin KamaSallayta ala Ibraheema raa ala dli lbraheema innaka hameedummajeed.O'Allah, let your peace come upon Muhammad (#) and the familyof Muhammad ($f) as you have sent peace upon Ibraheem ('$\) and

his family. Truly you are Praise worthy and Glorious.Attah h umma barik ala Muhammdin wa ala frli M uhammadin KamaBarakta ala lbraheema wa ala dli lbraheema innaka Hameedummaieed.

11

O'Allah, Bless Muhammad (#) and the family ofMuhammad ($€) as Youhave Blessed Ibrahim ($4tD and his family.l ruly you are Praiseworthy and

Glorious.

44.THE DU'AAFTERAZAN

.--t, 6 t,/ -616 1, nz o 61, 6 / G oL''-\l tto )\,-a),-i ylu-Jt l..9cJl g+ +; ;JJI

:i" . 11r. :i. -or, . ,. 6 / J r' .- - ..'oAr^r-aA)' . o"-L^^, Jl j liz-" ()'1 a;UJt

€y'J-.rJ///

l3:r;, q+st J\;"j:X\3\;1 {*.tt/

Ailsh hummaRabba Hazhi hid dawa tit tam mati wassalatil

Qaimati dti Muhammadanil Wassiluts wal faleelatawab ath hu mukaman muhmoodunil ladi wa acl tahu

O'Allah! Lord of this complete Prayer of ours by the blessings of it giveMuhammad (4F) his etemal rights in intercession distinction and highestclass (in Paradise) and raise him to the promised rank You have promisedhirn

45. THE PRAYER CHART NUMBER OF RAKATS)Fajr :- Two Rakats of Sunna and then two Rakat Fardh.Z,rhr :- Four Rakats of Sunnah, four Rakats of Fard. TWo

Rakats of Sunnah andtrwo Rakats ofNaflAsr :- Four Rakats sunnah and four Rakats Fardh.Maghrib:- Three Rakats Fardh two Rakat sunnah and two Rakat

NaflIsha :- Two Rakats sunnah forn Rakats Fardh. TWo Rakats sunnah

Three Rakats Witr.Jurnma- Two Rakatstahiyyat al masjid, two sunnahtwo Fard

andfoursunnah

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46. THE SUTRA

If a person intends to pray alone he should place an 'OBJECT" (Short /Small) before him (PLACE WHERE IIE PROSTRATES) (does sajadah).

Such an object is called 'SUTRA' and is used when the person is praying

alone. A person passing infront ofthe person in Prayer should pass on the

outside ofthe Sutra.

if some is praying in congregation, then the Imam acts as the sutra. The

Imam however must have his own individual sutra infi'ont of him.

47. QIBLA

Whenever a person is in this world, he should face torvards the Ka'bah(in Mecca) when he is going to pray. The Ka'bah is in the sacred Mosque ofMecca in Saudi Arabia. Facing towards the Qiblah is a very important con-

dition ofperformance ofPrayer. However, ifthe person is in a place such as

a desert, jungle, unknown strange city or a place where he does not knowthe direction ofthe Qiblahe shouldtyhisbestto find outthe directionofthe

Qiblah from others. However, if it is not possible then he should use hisjudgement and face in a direction which he thinks is that of Qiblah and Allahwill accepthis Prayer.

It is important to start the Prayer facing the direction of Qiblah and itdoes not matter if his direction changes while he is praying eg. a Train,

in a ship or an aeroplane etc.

Note: A compass is available which shows the Qiblah.

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48.INTENTION. N TYAHAfter facing ttre Qiblah the person should make niyyat (intention). The inten-tion is made within his mind, so the person should think about the particularobligatory , optional or nafl prayer he intends to perform. He should notutterthe words ofniyyat aloud.

49. PRAYER - Introduction

salaat occupies a lofty position in the religion of Islam, Salaat, if of-fered with a sincere heart, proper devotion and mental concentration,contributes to the cleansing of the heart, ridding it of the impurities ofsin and ultimately transforming one's entire life. It engenders love forpity and promotes fear ofAllah in man. Islam has laid greater emphasison the Institution of salaat than on other religious obligation. when-ever anyone comes to Rasulullah (*g) with a view to embrace Islam.hewas expected to uphold his salaat with regularity. Hence after Emaan, Salaatis the bedrock oflslam.

50. THE CONDITON THAT MAKE THE FARDH PRAYERSwAJrB UPON A PERSON (SHROOT)

l. He must be a Muslim2. He has attained the baaligh status3. He is sane.4. She is free from menstruation and nifaasNote: If the Prayers were not performed due to forgetfulness or fall

ing asleep. It is wajib upon him to perform the missed prayersas soon as he remembers or as soon as he awakes regardless ofthe time.

51. THE CONDITONS OF FARDH PRAYERS

He must be a MuslimHis place, body and clothes must be clean, free from all impurities.

24

1.

2.

3. To covertheAurat4. To know the time (Waqt)5. She is free from major impurities (Haidh and Nifaas)6. He faces the direction of the Ka'bah7. Toperformwudu.

52. TIIE TYPES OFPRAYER ACTS

There are three type ofPrayer acts.

1. The Rukns:- The principle Prayer acts.

There acts are obligatory" These are also referred to as the Fardhacts. The Prayer will not be valid if any one of the principle acts

are not performed.

2. The SunnahAbaadh acts:- These acts are highly commendablesunnah. The Prayer is valid if one of the sunnah abadh acts wasnot performed. However, it is commendable to perform the'SajadeSahwee'which is the prostration that is normally performed whenone forgets to do a sunnah abaadhact.

3. The Sunnah hay aat acts:- These acts are commendable orsunnah. The Prayer is valid (Sahih) if a sunnah hayaat act is notperformed and it is not necessary to do the sujood sah pee if one

forgets to perform asunnah hay aat act.

53. THE RUKNS ORTHE OBLIGATORYACTS OFTHE PRAYER

1. Intention :- It is a condition of the heart, and it does not comefrom the tongue.

2. Takbir Tahrima :- Saying the opening Takbir 'Allahu Akbar'and begining the Prayer

3. Standing during obligatory Prayers.4. Reciting al Fathihah in every rakah ofthe Prayer.

5. ArRuku(BowingDown)

25

6. To rest still for a mo-.nr in +r.^+ -^-1 stilid;;:,"#"ff# il1,*11!?il Jl;r8. To rest still fi

?; l1",,:,1s1 Ji:i,$"ffJl'l Jlit posirion

ru. lorestsfillfori i i;'J;#::iT1tr".ffi1*ill,tr,ffJlxi"o

the luroos12. To rest still fo11. r" 'irr"rrirtl,frrffi:t

in the juloos position

ii,$:i{,*",#',::,1":,4:t:;';;;tingposition(Attahavvat)16. To say the salawaat

!7. fo say the first salam.18. To observe the

above. : tarteeb, that is to perform it in the order stated

54. TI{E SUNNAI{ ACTS OF PRAYER

The sunnah acts of prayer are divided into two categories:

l. The sunnah whilst in prayer.They are the above mentioned:(i) Sunnah ab'aadh f*y.. urtr.(ii) Sunnah hay aatprayer acts-

2. The sunnahs before prayer.

ffiffilefore Prayer are performed before praying . They are:

we wir disir* th.s,,nni'l'ffrilffi#*er firsr *a"r"]","*

",to the sunnahs before prayer,l"ri.aiirf,

26

55. TIIE SUNNAHS WHILSTINPRAYER

The sunnah ab'aadh acts"l. To recite the first Tashah hudwhenone is praying more than two

Rakats.2. To sit forthe reciting ofthe first Tash ah hud.3. To recite the qunoot (Witr)4. To stand for the reciting of the qunoot.5. To recite the salawaat in both the first tash ha hud and the qunoot.6- To recite the salawaat upon the prophet and family ofthe prophet

in the last tash ha hud and in the qunoot.

56. THE SUNNAH HAY-AATACTS.

1. To raise both hands, up to the ears when saying,(i) Takbeer Tahrim (AllahuAkbar)(ii) Just before the Rukoo position.(iii) when straightening from the Rukoo position to take the

i'tidaal position.(iv) When getting up again after the first Tusha hud.To place right hand over the left, upon the chest.To read the opening supplication.To recite a'oozhu billahi minash shaitaanir rajim (ie. I seek ref-uge in Allah from satan, the accused.To recite the supplications aloud and quietly as and when required.To say Aameen after reciting the soora FathihahTo recite a Soora from the euran after the recital of Soora Faatihah.(first two Rakats of the Prayers)To recite Allahu Akbar in the changing position.To recite 'sami allahu liman hamidsh"which means 'Allah hearsthose who praise Him. when rising from the Rukoo, and to recite'Rabbanu Walakal hamd.'(Our Creator, to you belongs (all)Praise. whilest in the i'tidaal position.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

27

1 0. To recite thrice in the rukoo position. ' subahana RabbiyalAzheenl,,(wa bihamdih) which means 'Glory be to my Supreme creator andPraise be to Him. And in the sujood position , recite 'subahanaRabbiyal a'laa (Wa bihamdih) which means ' Glory be to my Cre-ator, the Most High, and praise be to Him.

11. To place the palms on the knees for the Rukoo position and fingersopened beyond knees.

12. Ib place both hands, fingers closed together on the thighs whilein the sitting position.

13. To sit 'spread out'between the two prostrations (to put the leftfoot down and to sit upon it and to keep the right foot up-rightwith the toes pointing towards the qiblah and in the last Rakah itis to sit putting the weight of the body on the floor with the leftleg folded and placed to the right with the toes of the right footpointing towards the Qibla.

14. To turn the face once to the right when giving the first Salaam andto turn the face to the left once when giving the second Salaam

15. Io perform the second Salaam as well.

57" THEACTS THAT NULLIFYTHE PRAYER

1. Speech (to talk on purpose)2. To perform two or three consecutive acts which are not the part of

the prayer acts.3. Io be in the impurity states.4. When the'awrah' or coverable parts are exposed on purpose.5. To change the intention6. To change the chest away from the qiblah7 " To eat or drink even if it is a little8. To renounce the religion.

58. THE DESPISED (MAKROOII)ACTS OFPRAYER

l. To turn the face from facing the qiblah, except when performingthe Salaam

2. To lookheaven-ward or sideways.28

3. To place the weight of the body on one foot.4. To lean against something a wall, table, etc.

5. To spit on the ground facing the front that is the qiblah or the rightor left.

6. To put offpassing water or motion.7 . To close the eyes.

8. To recite aloud at times when it is not sunnah to do so or not to

recite aloud when it is sunnah to do so.

9. Iaking hold of one's hair or one's clothes.

10. Placing the hand on the hip11. Bending the head excessively when bowing.12. Praying at the public baths or on the road or at a place where odour is

deposited or in a temple or at a place for camels to lie down or in a

cemetery.

s9. SAJADHA SAH FOR FORGETFuLMSS @XPLATORY PR0STRATI0N)

A. 1. A sururah Aba aat act was not performed. For example a person

forget to recite first Tashah hud andstands up for the third Rakat.

The Tash ah hud cannot be recited when one is already in the

standing position. So the sujood 'sah' is performed.

2. A person is doubtful about the number of rakaats that he has al-

ready performed.3. The Soora Fathihah and the tashah hud arcpinciple acts of Prayer.

If either one is recited at the wrong time, for example if the Tashah

hud is recited instead of Fathihah, the sajatha Sah is performed.

When performing 'sajatha Sah' it is sunnah to recite the followingonce for both the sujoods , .et

o.ro.11- t;-\f c- -1.o,.i S*:i U tti ) Ora gl-z'$

suolnana *oi ioo ronamu wa laa yashoo

"Glory be to Allah who does not sleep and who does not forget."

29

B. When thefmaam forgets.when the imaam who conducts the congregation prayer forgets aparticular prayer act (during thejamaa uI rlyerg ro. exampre heforgets to sit for the first Tishah hud the*ur, ,,,utrrmoom saysaloud the wordsubahaanaltah andthe female miihmoom hits thepalm of their right hands to the back oftheir reft hands to make theImaam ofhis forgetfulness ofa prayer act.

60. TO SITAND PRAY

A person who is not abre to stand up to perform the Fardhh prayers isallowed to perform them whilst sitting. rfre is ,,", "ur,

i" perform themwhilst sitting he is ailowed to perfori ttrem *hilr;iy;;;l;rn and hisface must face the qibrah. It is sunnah to lie down "; d; right ribs andnot on the Ieft ribs. If he is unable to make any movements, he is al_Iowed to perform whilst gesturing.

The Prayer acts can be performed in any manner that is appropriate orcornfortable to the disabred or the sick person so long as hi performs it.

There is no excuse or for the non_perforrnance of the prayer.

61. THE AWRAI{ _ The Islamically coverabte parts.

To cover the awrah is one ofthe conditions ofprayer. The awrart isthepans of the body that are required to be covered.The awrah that must be covered in prayers are:For the men:Between the navel and the knees.For the Women:The whole body except her face and her hands upto her wrists.

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62. TTIE NTIryAH FOR PARTIC{'LAR PRAYERS

TheNiyyah is one oftheprinciple acts ofPrayerto state the intention forPrayer, the following has to be observed.

1. Forthe FardhhPrayers(i) To intend the action which is to say 'lpray'(ii) To specify the Prayer and intend whether it is the Luhar,

Asr, Maghrib, Isha or the Subah Prayers.

(tii) To speci$r the obligatory Prayers which is to intend that it is the

Fardh Prayers that are being performed.

For example: I pray the Fardh Luhar Prayer of four rakaats Adsa an forAllahIntention is a matter of heart and not of words.

63. TIIE NTYYAH INARABIC (with meanings)(TNNOVATIONS)

NTTYAHAND TAKBEER

The Prophet SallalalahuAlaihi Wasallam would commence the prayer bysaying'AllahAkbar'Imam Nawavi says in his Rawdah at Talibeen (Vol. I page224, Pub. ByMaktaballslamia)The intention is the purpose , so the person about brings to mind the prayer

and what is relevent of its characteristics, such as which it is, whether it is

obligatory etc. brings these thing together in his intention with the first Takbeer.

(Muslim and Ibnu Majah)

The hadeeth contains and indicationthathe didnotuse to commence it withwords ofsomepeople: I intendtopray......etc. which is infact agreed to be

an innovation. But they differ as to whether it is good or bad innovation, towhich the scholars say: Indeed all innovations in worship are misguided fromthe generality ofhis statement (alahi salatuwasalam) and all innovations are

misleading and every misleading thing is in the fire..."

31

Niyyah for Luhar Prayers

JI $t*'xl;li1 +u(i a)\.al;lt,-,2:au;\i,, i . t . 6 . o

.,,5 t4tlr ului dJ I4Fl iGfl |

Usalli Fardlrlral Lultari Arbn'a Rakaatin Adaa an

Mustakbilan lllal Qabathish sharifati lilluhi tha'ala AIIahu Akbur

I pray the Fardh Luhar Prayer of four rakaats (adaa an) for the sake ofAllah AllahuAkbar

';(\a,Li , Jur +; l',U;,'tt acdt_J. (J(lsalli Farclhhal AsriArba'a Rakaatin Adaa an

(Mastakbilan Illat Qabathish sharifati liUahi Alluhu Akbar

I pray the FardhAsr Prayer of four rakaats adaa art' for the sake ofAllahAllahuAkbur

The Nfyah for Maghrib Prayers

o'

, Jl)+a,lJl l;l:i qL;fi aYl .+ljl e? t*\l>- '' ,-?;ti" "'-'"i' "

a -o'J !alli JUi o.LI$Flali<llUsalli Fardhhal Maghribi thalatha Rakaatin Adaa an

(Mustakbitan Illal Qabathish sharifati lillahi Allahu Akbar

I pray the FardhMaghrib Prayer of three rakaats adaaanfor the sake oflxllahAllahuAkbsr

32

The Niyyah for Isha PraYers

Jl \ij$t;1:1 +ufi c;ii 'L-,:.+jt.g*p;bi- oz- -i.' I a . ' o

.'rf\+t"ti ;u 4J ldrr-l1 aiiKll

Usalli Fardhhst Ishaa i arbaa Rakaatin Adaa un

(Mastakbilan Itlat Qab athis h s h arifati liuahi Ailuh u Akb sr

I pray the Fardh Isha Prayer of four rakaats adaa an for the sake ofAllah AllahuAkbar

The Niyyah for Subah PraYers

,;l \;"r.:.-l t;tsi c;:5, eiJl Ltat.;fi l.ui Jt;r al a;;r*i'tr

Usatli Fardhhal Subhi Rskataini Adaa an(Mustakbilan ltlal Qabathish sharifati lillahi Ailahu Akbar

I pray the Fardh Subah Prayer of two rakaats adaa an for the sake ofAllah

Allahu AkbarNote : Imaam Nawavi says in Rawdah at talibeen' The intention is the

pu{pose , so the person about to pray brings to mind that Prayers and

what is relevant of its characteristics, such as which Prayer it is, whether

it is obligatory etc. and the brings these things together in his intention

withthe firsttakbeer."

64. TIm CONDUCT OF SALAIT (PRAYER)

A. A penonwho starts Prayer should knowthe time for Prayer and he ascertairs

that he is free from major and minor impurities, and also the pwity ofthe

body, clothes and place. He should cover his ' aurah' andand then face the

qiblah. (the most important pre requisite iswudu (ablution)'

33

,rl^atacfir

B. The Contents of Salah

After fi.ilfilling all the necessary conditions for salah you are ready tooffer salah. After facing the qiblah the person should make niyyat(intention) Say to yourself that you intend to offer this salah (fajaLuhar, Asa Maghrib, Isha etc.)

C. TakbirTahrimah

After making Niyyat the person should start his Prayer saying 'AllahuAkbar'(Allah is the greatest) raising both of his hands to the shoulders

, with fingers stretching to the earlobes. He should then fold his hands

over his chest right hand over the left hand. This first 'Allahu Akbar iscalled Takbir Taltimah because after saying Tskbir Tahrimah everycommon and wordly action, talk or moment is forbidden. Throughout the

Prayer the eyes of the worshipper should point to the spot where the fore-headrestsin Sajdah.

65. RECITATION BEFORE FAIIIITIAHThere are several dua's which Prophet (S) used to recite before Fathihah.lmaam Shafi recommends the following one.

-.o(i, , ttt-(a o.1r' o- J o6-gsnt j./}A,)t )b €9 rFJ W3/o// 3 r?, .,17 r.6 tzr o l,1o

.d/e- )-;^^)t Uvl uJ ry +O/

C)e oL

lo i,-?, d, it o-t'//u 'rlo // "/ol-.-:E \-il +) P- Jjl^-,J €WS #S

Wajjahta waj hiya lillazheefatarss samnwaati Wal ardhahaneefan Musliman wa maa anaa minal mushrikeen inna salnafi

34

Wa nuskee wa mnh yaaya wa mamaati lillahi robbil ilalamee,n.Laa shareeka lahu wa bkhaalika amirtu wa ana minal Muslimeen.

I tummy face towards Him who created the heavens and the earttrwith apureheart and as a Muslim and I am not ofthe mushriks (those wlro enj oin parbrers toAllah). Truly my prayer and my acts of submission andmy life and my death areforAllah the Lord ofthe worlds, there is no parhrer to Him and thus I have beencommanded (to believe) and I am ofthe Muslims.

66. AFTER THAT , RECITAL OF TTM TA'AWWUZ.:-i_!t-

ri*_Jl ,.ll-; $, Il J* dl 1+ lFlAuzu billalti minash shaytanir rajeem

I seekAllah's protection from satan who is accursed. (This should onlybe said in the firs Rakat) Then the person praying should say ' Tasmiuh' ie.ln the name ofAllah the most Gracious the most Mercifirl (This should besaid in every Rakat before reciting Surah Fathihah.

67. SURAHMTHIIIAH

*L Jgt,,;J$tr4i,SJtcirqrl4frrq . ',.^l

B;*g r us:SiB6injtr' +j erti,Jl\ o --rl

-;- -r -eLlo. 1- ta -g1jrr'r\rq< ioai+i5 eu_6t33erElog6Eqi#b5-.+)r.r;r b5,

t$t a a(/

$*'Alhamdu lillahi rabbil alameenAr rahmanir raheem.

Malikiyawmid deen iWaka nabudu wa iyyakanosta een ihdinas siratal mustaqeem siratal

Lazeena an amta alayhimghairil magh-dhoobi ataihimwalad dhal leen. Ammen

35

Praise is only due toAllah, Lord ofthe universe. The most Gracious the mostMercifirl the Master ofthe day ofJudgement. you alone we worship and youalone_we pray for help. Sholv m the staight path. The path ofthose whom youhave Blessed. rdro have not deserved your anger nor gone astay.

_ Reciting Fathihah is so important that the prophet (g said that noPrayer was acceptable without the recitation of Soorah Futtritriir.'

58. RECITATION OF SURJdI{ FATHIHAH BEHINDAN IMAMSome people are very confused whether they should or should not read surahFathihah while praying in congregation. The followers (ma,hmooms) should re-cite Surah Fathihah in silence after the recital ofthe lmam. This is the corect wav.AmeenIt is sunnah to say Ameenwhen aperson finishes his recitation ofsum Fathihah.lfhe is praying alone he should say Ameentnsilence and ifhe is praying withcongregation behind an Imam tlrenhe shoul d,say Ameenfairly loudly, when theIrnanr finishes saying the last v'erse of SurahFathihah. when saying Ameen thevoice ofthe whole congegation should resound atthe same time.-

68. RECITATION AFTER SURAH FATHIIL{H

It is sunnah for a person who is praying, that he should read a surah from theQuran after fathihah in the first trvo Rakats ofthe fardh prayer. He can recite oneor more suras. Here are a few short surahs which you can recite.

a). Surah Ikhlas

'iii r#t Xl;,il-;.i lj, qil oi;,.l,lt iili , i"i iirr;;g

Qul huwal Laahu ahad Allah hus samad Lam yalid walam yuladWalam yahul Lahu Kufuwan Ahad

Say: He is Allalr, ttre only one. Allah helps and does not need help.He does not produce a child, and He was not bom of anyone.There is no one equal to Him.

36

b).SurahFalaq

";. :.i 1 1 - e iy:" b: "&li L;_..:, t+ "6f;jt __* jpf -p

o,\cjl ..rs,.;,iiiijlF ,yJ" +jj i,, ,*oo i,,r_i 151 ,:_,,,.K F c-*_l

Qal Auzubiralbilfalaq Min shor_ rimaa khatiqWa in Shari-ri ghasiqin iza waqab

wa min shar _in naffathatiJil uqadwa min shar_ri hasidin iza hasad.say: Iseekrefuge intheLordofdawnfromtheevil ofthe darkness ofnightwhen it falls, and from.the evil ofthose (charmers) who browinto knots.And

from the evil ofthe envier when he envices

c). Surah Nas:

... ll!tT-ll

6toqUl +JJ ""*Ul c)L; o *Litr rt.; i;;i ;l. t o -t 6 A - o o

uJ clJ*"t ca+Jf ou*Ll;ll o,._*lj*1,;J[*;+4

"qul-iq,, o,,, f,?!ll: X';X##:;#;l:;,, n ds M inSharril was wosil Khan nfis Allazi yuwus *isulee

Sudu rin nds Minat jin- natiwan _nds

lyt . . lrykr.frrg. inthe sustainerormar*inottre ownerofmankind, Lord ofMankind from the evil of sneaking whisperer. who whisp.oin tt . t .arts ofmankind. (whether to be) from amongjiruts or mankind.

Apart from these swahs a person is ailowed to recite any suras or parts ofthesuras from tlre euran.

37

70. RUKU - BOWINGAfter that he s:tates' AIIah u Akb ar' carryrngboth hands to the shoulders, with

the palms facing outwards and fingers stretching to earlobes. He should then

bend in to R uku so tJ:rrtl'trs trunk (i.e. from head to hip$ is perpendicularto the

rest ofthe body. He brings his hands down to take the Rukuposrttonwhich is to

clasp the knees, fingers apart taking cale that his arms do nottouch his body. The

person should be calm and composed inthe Ruku posture and nothurry it. Then

he should state the following tasbeeh three times (minimun)o-

,t-b-, dEll ;jt sr^4;S ubhana rab'bi yal Azeem Wabi hamdi

This means: Glory be to my Lord who is the very greatest.

(He can recite it (3,5,J,9,11 etc.) times.

Then he straighten to take the itidaal (standing position) stating the

tbllowing.u-iirr &J-alll *

Sami allahu Liman hamfulah

This means: Allah listens to those who Praise Hirn" and raises his hands up to the

level ofhis shoulders withpalms facingoutwards and fingers stetchedto the

earlobesandthenheshouldlowerhishandstohis sides.Intlrestandingposition

he should be erect so that ttrejoints ofhis body go back in place. While in this

position he should recite tlre following dua-

. orr?rfrf , _.\, ,lld.? to,? ',7./62,f :\, )Y-t ?-1^*"' )\,. J^-*Jl 9lJ l+-l

loz ol o z c - ,rf-? .14G#Uqv\1Rabbana Lakal Hamdu *i^ samawaatiwa mil al ardi

wa mil amfr shi ta min shaYin bddu

This means: OhAlla[ otr t"or{ all Praises be to Yotr, as much as they can fill t]re

heavens and the earth and everything which you want to be filled afterthat.

38

70. FIRST SAJDAH - SUJOOD

After reciting Tahmeed the musalli takes the zujood position (Prostation)

saying the tafbeer AllahuAkbar,putting palms downwards most scholars

prefer:that one place his knees on the floor before his hands on the grourd below

ih. "*r.

then his knees should be brought downwards on the ground. His

fingers and toes should be pointing towards Qblah without spreading the fingen

ofir. ft*At. During prostztion seven parts ofthe body should torrch the gound

a). The forehead along with the tip ofthe nose. The nose should first

touch the ground and ttren the forehead.

b). notn rranas @oth arms mtut be kept away from the sides ofthe

body.c). Bothknees.d) The bottom surface ofthe toes ofboth feet'

In this position that musalli should say

e;..li.r i, Jf-V', ;j tld-i,.-t t-> V -

Subahana RabbiYal ala wabi humdi

He should say this atleast three (3) times or 5,'l,9,ll etc' times'

'OhAllah, golry be to you, the most high.

(There are sime other duas which can be recited in *re Sajdah position)

irsuiAufrpositionthewonhipperisathis_closesttoAllah.Hence, Sajdatrshould

U gifoniea cahly and quietly, witlrout figgeting, and the worshipper should tyto recite as many dua's as he possibly can.

72.JI,JLOOS. SITTING BETWEEN TWO SAJDAHS

He thentakes the juloos position. After performing one Sajdatr perfectly and

calmly the per"on p*y'*g should raise his head from Sajdah sayin g Allahu

i*OonUeniing thi teh t&t down and to sit upon it and to kgep the

right foot

uprigtriwitfrtlre-toespointingtowadstheqbhhThepatmsofhishandsstrouldrist-on his thighs and kneei. ttt buck should be staight so that the joints go

back in place.It is sunnatr to say the following dua while sitting in between the

twosajadahs. 39

$tzt-_i;i,t; }i-irtJRab bigh Aghfirlee, warh amnee, waj burinee warfoghnee

warzaqnee, wah dinee wa aJi nee

oh! Ailah forgive me, and have mercy on me, and keep me on the right pat[ andkeep me healthy and provide me with halal sources ofliving, and make my rankhigttThe worshipper may say this dua once or as many times as he likes.

SECOND SAJDAHThen the (musalli) person should perform the second Sajdah saytng AllahuAkbar and repeat what he did in the first Sajdah.

JALASH -E- ISTARAHAT (sitring for rest)Then he should raise his head up saying AllahuAkbar and sit for a shortwhile as he did in 'Jalasah'. He does this before standing up forthe secondRakat.

SECONDRAKAT.After standing up for second Rakat he should fold his hands over his chest as hedid in the fint Rakat and starts his recitation by reading B ismillahir rahmanirrohim and$nah Fathihaft followed by any passage or a chapter ofthe HolyQuran.Thenhe should complete his second Rakat in the manner ofthe first one.while choosing a passage or a chapter for the recitation in the second or asubsequent Rakat the worshipper should observe the order in which they occurin the Holy Quran. Also, each surah or verse should be shorter than the onerecited before it. Hence longer surahs are recited before shorter surahs.

73. TASIIAHHTJD

After completingthe last Sajdah ofthe second Rakatthe person should raise hishead saying / IlahuAkbar. He should sit as he sat between the two sajdah, and

40

raise his head saying AllahuAkban He should sit as he sat between the twu

S{da}r, and place his l-eft hand on his left knee and his right hand upon his right

knee, andform aring like (fiflythree) and shouldpointwittrthe index finger. He

is also allowedto close his hand and point withhis Index fingen Muslim)It is protrudecl so that the right thumb is brought to the second division ofthe

index finger. In this position the person should read:

@,.j, 6 r, -o 6 -

lJJel;jit 3t-eJ,LJt iS;t+xl &lj+iJl--.:

fu^;;;ilqi-i a$;t;.tit-jr

aiKtJ +Ul

,6,6

aljl Y! 4J! Y Jl3it

t6t. ,4"1 q*uJ o

:- ii-.r(;Lt3

>- o.i - o ar " '

) -,6;r a).r-s-r:r.' ll 4ll ;li+ FS l:il; f )l*X.ll

)o . la6 - 2I-9 lJ.a-s-o

At tahiy yatu Mubarakaatus salawaatut tay - yiba tu LillahiAssalamuAlaika ay'yuhan nabiy yu wa rahma tullahi wa

barakdtuhu AssalamauAlaina Wa ala ibadil Ia his saliheenAsh hadu

anla ilaha illal lahu wa ash hadu an na Muhammadan abduhu

warasoolulluhu

The most favourable and best greetingS toAllall peace be uponyou O' Prophet

mayAllah's Mercy and His blessings be upon you. Peace be uponus and upon

the righteous servants ofAllah. I bear witress that there is no god butAllah and Ibear witress that Mohammed is His slave and Messenger.

Apersonpraying (2)Rakatsonlyshouldcontinuetothenortstageuilrichissalat

AlanNabi@arud)

41

73. STANDINGUPFORTTIE THIRD RAKAT

Ifapersonisprayingthreeorfour Rakats,thenheshouldstandupaftertashahhudsayng AllahaAkbar and raising his hands as he did in Takbir Tahrimah startshis recitation vith Bismitlah. . . . . . . " and then surah fathihah is sufficient. There isno need to say another Surah. After reictation he should continue to complete histhird Rakat (orfourth Rakat ifhe is praying four)After the completion of last Rakat he should sit for Tashatrhud as describedabove. (as he sat aft er praytng2rakats)

After the completion oflast rakat he should sit for Tashahhud. He sits in thetawaaruk form for the last tashahud. To sit in the tawaaruk form. he puts theweight ofhis body onthe floorwith his left leg folded and placed to theright, withthe toes ofthe right foot pointing towards the eiblah. He recites the tashahud asin the second Rakat and then he recites the following salawaat which is the com-plete blesssings upon the prophet ( Bg)

#4t'F-r#F,tr:iitif*+f;l & '='iT,: 1;i

.#3 +:-i & i_,8: li+t;t trr' *k"F*+ljjl ,F €'<J[ H3 +-< i, Jl'

:ii+ : sjr- ,,13t-;efr*1 jf ,

Allahumma sali Muhammadin wa alaAali Muhammad.Kama sal layta dld lbraheema

Wa ald ali lbraheema Wa barik ald MuhammadinWa ald ali Muhammadin Kamo Barakta ald lbraheema

Wa ala dli lbraheema Innka Hameedun Majeed.ohAilah send Grace and Honotnon Muhammad (#E) and onthe family andtue followers ofMuhammad ( #E) Just as you sent Grace and Honour on

a- -c-C'eJ

42

Ibrahim (,141t) and on the family and true followers oflbrahim (,jgD (ohAXah) send Your Blessings on Muhammad ( *E) and the true followers ofMuhammad (*) just as you sent Blessings on Ibrahim (,jgD and his truefollowers. surely, you are Praiseworthy the Great.

74. DU- AS AFTER SALAWAATUL rBRAHrMfryA @ARUD)

There are quite a lot of du'as which Prophet ( g) used to say after Darud andhe taught them to the companions. Here we will mention a few ofthem.

u_i *,F\ur,r.L5ir-;,ir i 6i ri

L;,; ,:.r i: i u_i 6;Fit I E s "1 , ' - _ ? d

--+;'*tl ,'-'''.t -o -S:d-ll , i'ral :j* + ,: i : i

o- -e

r--.'.f vl 4l!YAIIah Humma Magffirlee, mao qad damtu wsnta Ahkartu wama Asrartu

wsma Ahlent u wama Asraftu laama Ants Ahlamu Bihi minni AntalMuqaddimu wa Antal Mu Ahki ru La Ilaha IUaAnta.

ohAllah! Forgive me all my sins of the present and the past, hidden or open.concealed or unconcealed, thou knowest the best. pardon me what I spendlavishly grant forgiveness against sins and have mercy upon me. verily youare the Forgiver and worthy to be worshipped.

€!:iUJd-i;,i

,t.ut "tk

br"lrl .rl.i; b +.i;;t atwl':ltistt +t;it3rir it ljij bs

o 611 2o:-o o"6

fr!> !t -;ll'iill 6jl t:lj!1a.tJ

Allah humma inniAoozhu bika min azhabil qabri, wa minAzhabin naari wa minfitnatil mahya wal mamati, waminfttnatil

maseehid Daj jal, Allah hamma inni Zalamtu nafsi Zulmankabiran kasiran wala yaghfiruz znooba IIla Anta Faghfrrli

Maghfiratan min hindika warhamni Innaka AntalGhafooruRahim.

OhAllah! i ruly seek refuge with you from the punishment ofthe grave, from

the punishment of Hell Fire and from the tiais of living and dying, and from

the evil (trials) ofthe False Christ. OAllah! indeed I have wronged myselfgreatly and none can forgive sins except You, so forgive me out of Your

forgiveness, and have mercy on me Truly You are the Oft Forgiving the

MostMerciful.

75. ENDING TI{E PRAYER

After praying for himself as much as the person wishes, he should end his

Prayersa)'lng i ' '' ' ' '4rt aijj i(jl; e);llAss alama Alaikk um Warahmatul lah

Peace and Mercy be upon you

First he would salute to his right. Such that the whiteness of his right

cheek was visible and on his left: (the same greetings).

This brings the two, three or four Rakats ofthe Prayer to completion.

76. DU'AS AFTER SALUTATIONS.

2.Astagh Jirul lah Al Azeem 3 times.

I askAllahto forgive me.

3.Allatr hummaAntas Salaamu

Waminkas SalammutaBaraktay azaljalaiwal Ikraam .

CI,S yl3

44

;;5lt ai-tt :+jtui

iir;r i,riFiiri

r!,[ll clrJ-oo-

J)l5Jf li I c.(jlii

O' Allah you are the Peace ; And you are the source of Peace;

You are the Blessed . O Possessor of Glory and Honour'

The Prophet Sallallaho Alaihiwasallam used to recite after salat...t'ii ttl:t ii' ;i t;;'t it- tilr \t !//

LJaGYpi '4,*74,f ,G e1;}*tt

La ilaha Illalaho Wahdaho La Sharika laho lahul mulku Walahul hamdu,

Wahuwa ala kulli shaiin Qadeer. Allahumma la mania limaAhtaitha Wala

muhtiya lima manahta wala yanfahu dhal jaddi minkal jaddu'

There is none worthy of worship butAllah . He is one and has no partner;

His is the kingdom (ofthe whole universe) and unto Him is due praise. He

has power over all things .O'Allah for that which you give there is no one to

stop, and for that which you hold back there is no one to give it out, and no

effort by any maker of effort works against Your will'(Ibn Kathir, Buhary, Muslim, MushadAhmad)

.l;-ir iU t;sr,t{t'jeG)F\r'1 !Li

b+!At,H,t*:itb+!'AFlr *be'!'t{tr'F )ti J\")i

o n, a llrlqi-l r{Jr

o11, ,1 ' o l, lo 17r')1il\ltuU+)ftJ(2) Allahumma inniAhoodhubika minal Jubuni wal buhuli waAhoodhubika

min an aradda illaArdhalil umari, waAhoodhubika min fitanatid dunya wa

Ahoodhubika min Adabil Qabr.

,tt I

45

2. I seek refuge in Thee from stinginess and cowardness and seek refuge inThee from worthless age or sanility (When the organs and senses lose theirfunction through old age and amanbecomes unwanted and aburden onothers) and I seek refuge in Thee from the ills and evils of life and thepunishment ofdeath and Qabr. @uhary).

^ jt--r- o ' o ) ' o 2 d I ' '' -z drrJq+ 6/,,sJ.lFl;.JJ; * :*i r{Xl

Allah humma ioorc an zf*lrf*a *o rnir*rr*a wa ltusni ibardatika(Ahmad Abu Daruud)

O'Allah help me to remember You all the time, and to thank You, and toworship you perfectly.

4.1 .lt is sunnah to say.

i4lll ol',j.:, Subhanallah33 times - GlorybetoAllah

L

dl f:;]i Alhamdulillah 33times. -PraisebetoAllah

jJi l.ili andAllahuAkbar34times -Allahisthegreatest

There are manydua'sutteredby Prophet Muhammad (BE) andhe taught

them to his companions. There is no particular dua for any particular Prayer.

Butthere are separate dua's for sunnah Prayers like Tahajiudand Istil*rarah.

Which we will mention separately.

46

77. SUPPLICATIONS AFTER PRAYERS. (DUA'S)

l.

,*[1SJy,-)9| . o rl

,tl r I ral

-.J-'

-A zo-- oOa. - o(,,-.),-

UJ,J,:!li .nl YIY .,j; c,jl i{lJlI

I I d+..1.1 d+F',t--". lfit"tot i "1 - l- t':. :dl.r-olr-r r.llJ c_o-Jt C,llrr,6 Lo _l-iir 1,-o

' :i i' ' '! tl.;{ t tF ;,}1u ,#! u:*ir';;Cll J I *y.tAllah Oo**o Anta Rabbi to itontro ttn Aoto Khalaktani waana abduka wa ana alo ahdika wa waltdika mastathjahtua'ltoozu bika min sharri maa sanahtu abo laka bi nihmatikaalaiyyu wa abo bidanbi faghfirly fa innahu laa yagffiruzoonuba illa anta.

O'Allah you are my Lord none has the right to be worshipped but you. Youcreated me and I am Your slave and I am faithfirl to Your convenant and mypromise as much as I can. I seek refuge with You from all the evils I have

done. I acknowledge before You all the Blessings You have bestowed upon

me, and I conferto You all my sins. So I entreat You to forgive my sins fornobody can forgive sins except You.

47

(II) DU'A FOR ALL PRAYERS

- cta -- jt-- o- -t t'ri: o'r ita ,i (^ '.1'-i 5.rli^ r -r d3l i^ ;. -^ .'ll t ."..1 _,1 : il ll

-*,lsi..+ i;ilijtr fLU ua;I;13 eh.. 4-L;'.t to si ita:i 2 a ' a a n

* ;3;t (J+J lilJlrl : ll i-4 E I i : ltJ 4r+J+ j_1,_i_JtJt -- ) -iiilJ,.peit;;+;rt .r.45;:i3 3j,-ljr3 i;r fu.+SoiLJt a;ti 6-'r,Y't tltS;;jjr; *i;:; fu 4

*-a-2,L;;lr eljiJ,!rit +4+ b+ii;i 'LF4J;,T

Jt ;lt -

3'i;jt ,,ri z li ,s1t"?4Ltieli---!it gt - 1,r,t .i i il ,3J,J

;jli'r ;r ,:i_rr J+#;i iiili 6 j-;yt.3 r-+iJl .,; +gl:itr- .L: ,J )"JLti 6;;yt =ti;-3

t+:i-tr e"# n, + t-i;+TSt+y-,l--r.

6+.,r,r.;J-4jl : el lt | : JLt' lil -fil ;+;jjtI J.. -.. -.1 - - -J -,r-ii:t3,E-ilt,'ti 1 :,i rr\"?1UT, ;-"il * bsj.i_eiJ

"'"tti "-i: " - - i -i: - i c - ', -':-e rrl .r$i a;i--s;_l_r,", L;,i : it tt _#r; ._il-ili-ltia;t-u.r;gft JE+|J "j$fu &, tjji p-*r-eJE-ilti.i3 jr,g; | 4'i-rLi,,;3Eiut -i s ,;rii :^i-*lliui'}iij LiitJj, J-J;; -#ilF\ &;,r#,jj 4iiilti.;tit'ctiJt;SjiiJ r- S.jr ,-4i "#i CLijf i; oqi

tt

&'rrE l$tjF;fu,r rui 4tr!+l;sjjiJ JL! Jblilltilr ii;;i. O;;f t ;3 i;-; Eitt "/

t;jl t.ij, l;;rj,

48JliJl 5li;

Auah humma Asaluka maiibaati Rahmatika, wa AzayimamaghJiratika, was salamata min kulli lthmin wal ghaneemata min

*uaibir rin wal fawza bil Jannati wan naiaata minan naari, Allah

humma inniAwooza bika minal Hammi wal azan, ula awoozu bika

minal ajzi wal kasli wa awoozu bika minal iubni wal bukhul, wal

fashli wa min ghalabatid daini wa qahairiffiialL Allah humma innialgoozu bika min Jahdit balaayi wa dar kish shaqaayi wa sooyil

qaldhaayi washammatatil Ahclaayi. Allah humma inni Ass Alukat

Ghafwa wal aaJiyataJid dunya walAakhirah'Alluh humma Ahsin Aaqibatana fil umoori kulliha wa Aiirna min

Khizyid dunna waAzabil AaghirahAtlah hummar zukhni thayyiban was tahmil ni shalihan

Allah hummaAl himmi Rushdi wahzini min shur ri nafsi'

Allah humma inniAsaluha I hudaa wat taqaa wal ghafaafa wal glrina

Allah humma Hasanta khalkifa Hasin KhulqiAtlah hummaja al sari rati khairan min Aluniyati waj al ala niyati

shalihatanAllah humma inniAsaluka ilmsn naJihann, wa Rizkun wasia1n wa

amalan mutaqabbalanAtlah humma aiaal khaira umri Akhirahukhawatimahu, wa khaira Ayyami yauma alqaqa

Atlah hummaAri nil khakka khukkan war zuqni itibahdhuwa arinilbatila batilan war zuqni IiithinabahAllah humma mastur awrati wa amin raw aati rabbana aatina Jiddunya hasanatan wa ftl Akhirati hasanatan waqina Azaban naan

O'Rttaht I ask of You ihat (i.e. The deeds) which guarantee and deserve

Your forgiveness . I ask You abundance in all that is good and r_efuge from all

*ratiseiil. OAllah Blessmewith Paradise andsaveme fromHell' O'Allah

I seek refuge in You against distress and affliction, spiritlessness and leth-

-gy, "o*idice and riingyn"s and the burden of debt and oppression of

people.b'Ahtr *n" me from the torments, misfortunes and harmful fate. Don't put

me in trials and toils which I cannot bear, Humiliation. O'Allah give me

happiness and good health in this World and the here after make good in

w^erytlting fot *t. O'Allah I seek refuge from the disfress ofthis World and

49

wa khaira Amali

the torment ofthe hereafter. o'Allah provide me with halal food. o,Allahmakeme do goodandmake mymind stable inthe rightguidance and saveme from the evils of my nafs. o'Allah I beg thee guidanc- and modesty andrighteousness and freedom from want. o'Allah you made my physicalconstitution good so make my disposition good. o'Allah make my intemaland extemal life satisfactory and perfect. o'Allah I beg ofrhee knowledgethat is useful sustenance that is clean and conduct thatis acceptable to you.o' Allah make the last parr of my life best part, and my last action the bestaction and my best day the day I meet you.o'Allah show us the truth as truth, and render us help to follow that:and show us the falshood as falshood and help us to avoid that.o'Allah cover my shameful indulgence and grant peace of heart to meby alleviating anxieties and worries.o'Allah grant me good in this world and good in the here after, andsave me from the torment of the fire.

III SUPPLICATION 3/o'

l.d- -.d.l! t,-u rJ.t \).-r "iatr'rJ 9)t:'Jl ii$

ail.F,:roEtl.ft;rfl

sJl

o)t-( \ t't \ ) ;l ,1,^ ll

^'oij ^ 'o-;

lv -lw-

(r r 'r .),L;i JSJ

tjjRabbi Jahal ni muqeemos salauti wamin durriyoti Rabbanawataqabble duaai, Rabbana aghlirli wali waali dayya walil

m umine e n a y a umfl y aqo o mul His ab.

o'MyAllah! make me one who establishes regular prayers and also raisearnong my offspring who performs regular prayer and accept Thou my prayer,

o'Allatr cover with rhy Forgiveness, me, myparents and all believers onthe Day ofreckoning will be established.

50

rv. SUPPLICATION 4

gr\il" , JJ;il ,r-r:r ,/eUzltui

)o2a2o

""',13 sjFt |li+t: +. ,lJ; CAUuh humma Assli hili Diniyalladi huwa hismatu amri wu

asslilt Ii Dunynya allati fiha mahashi, wa Asslih li Anhirattallatiftha mahadi waja al hayata ziyadatal lifi kalli hoirin

waja halil mauta Raaltatal li min kulli sharrin

O'Allah set aright my faith which is the safeguard of all my affairs: setaright my world wherein is my living set aright my hereafter whereto I haveto retum. Let life be unto me a source ofadvance in every kind ofrighteous-ness, and death be to me arelease from every kind of evil.

V SUPPLICATION 5ttot-.r.,2tt1.1 .. oi.tir, 7. ncr, crc. o 1,. o, o.cJ3*2.1u> a:tf )Lrea.l-)r P r*rrfr)y17.}IJr;If f

,. o t|, 1,1'.1 c ., a tt.etr-:t;Jrj PtJ&r3jl l)-:-r i;iin'Allah humma inniAsaluka I huda wat tuqa

wal hafafa wal ghina.

O'Allatr I seek ofyow guidance , piety, chastity and (my) independence ofthecreation. (Muslim)

- a' o

' j. l(2 |

-P(Ferd

5l

vI SUPPLICATION 6

Jl-liiyl l; rL-i{E a$ & pUpj JE Jh *jl ;f rl,r.*., u,.c-. . . : I v-- t / v\r

"Etj-[ ;.lG r-b ;jij: e;iftutUi c, siriutlr- ii

'.t-.0. '1i:,:iIoi - | -" -:., ', lo:is o( Lotr .'.t o-.'.1 o.dLuorg djJ c 0.rl Cur-,.a L-o-'-jl _'-o dLrJ c-cl Cr-r-h-r-rlL-o iiJJ-c,-o_o dj.t l.

o-C tt o - I - t - A

c,jlYl ;ijill.++ Y 4-,_l--j ;.,-jjt-.i elJ ;i*t; ".LAllahumms Anta Rabbi Ia ilaha illa anta khalaqtani wfl ana

abduka wa ana ala alrsdika wawahdika mas tathahtuahoozubika min shar ri ms sanahtu aboowu luka bi

nihmatika Alaiyya wa aboowu lakafaghfirlifa innahu IayaghJirudh dhunooba illa anta

O'Allah You are my Lord. There is no god except You. You have createdme. I am Your bondsman and I will observe my cornmitment (of faith) toYou and will keep my promise (of faithfulness and obedience) to You. Inyou I seek shelter against the evil of my deeds and character. I admit thatyou have Blessed me with bounties and accept that I have committed tans-gressions. Forgive me (O' Lord). There is none else who can grant forgive-ness. (Buhari)

VII SUPPLICATION 7

,tjji 6 il;: ;t ai$:r'! oj,..i ltJl jj.r,j[ Llifi Eir a;

,ii ,-" ,;rii;; ut rirr j-;tr t 'rJs,!i 66 u ,,F FJli ti jLi

J5u;;r v * btj:*, &r N; ur kiiij 4i,.l.ri ku;Xi .4i[J iui;jr .ui; .r-,; {$ {ilt & JL;J.li,*, {,i

J d -,) .

4J r+ YJ6j3 YJ JiiYj52

Allahumma inna nasaluka min khairi ma sa -Alaka minho

nabiyyuka Muhammadun (Sal lallahuAlaihi wasalama) wa

nawoodhu bika min sharri mastahadha ka minhu nabiyyuka

Muhammadun (Sal lal lahuAlaihi Wasalama )wa antal

mustahanu wa alaikul balaaghu wala hawla wala qoowata

ilal billahi

o, Allah of You the good that your Prophet Muhammad (#) asked of You,

and seek Your protection against all the evil that Your Prophet (4f) asked

protection from You. It is from you alone from whom help may be saught.

To reach the destination and achieve the end depends on Your mercy alone'

The power and strength to strive for and achieve the good comes from

Atlalt Qirmidi)VIII SUPPLICATION 8

, - t t a - -; d n .. , .",ilJi i* ,t*,; {J. {iJl & lUlr*,i Ju Jt-i F u 4J1+F ,i'tl) vw *l J'..

i*il ,,,,1t:,trt ;.ii3 cu !rr3 Ur, agtrfut;tAllahumma inniAsaluka s sih hata wal hiffata walAmaanata wa

Husnal Khuluqi war ridha bil qadari

O'A[ah I seek of You health chastity, reliability good desposition and a

willing acceptance of DestinY.

D( SUPPLICATION 9

;=er#i,t"i^ iq ?li-rl.{,aill.'6 {tpirii;Vr3 Filt d lguir;p'lr .liniA.iitie1+;br ,4l

(Baihaqi)

j;:;ql j6'&,rt;r

;lJts-$r ,.+ui;u;,/^iJ,3l+3; c*r ; q;uir3#1';ri":"1 ;\".'0,-".i: o -a'-'o'o '.t'.;

t'

uFJ sj,tiJ ucJ # ulJ 6{ u*i t, J}'l-ll iilJl;Eii J'f 3

.;.: ,i if.iiii |!t;E .jf-t: ;i'i d'rr ,J

53

Allahumma inniAsaluka Affwa walAaJiyataftd Dunya walAahhira tiAllah humma inniAfwa walAafttafee dini wadanayaya wa ahli wa maali Alloh humma stur Awrati wa

Aamin RawhatiAllah humma ahfazni min baini yadaiya wamin khaffi wa an yameeni wa an shimali wa minfawqi wo

awooza bika an ughtala min tahti

O'Allah I seek of You forgiveness and Peace in this World and in theHereafter. O'Allah I seek of You forgiveness and Peace in myReligion. My wordly affiars, my kith and kin and my property.O'Allah ! cover my shameful indulgences and grant peace of heart toby alleviating anxieties and worries. O'Allah! cover me up from myfront and my back from my left and my right and from above me. Ialso seek refuge in you from the calamity that may come upon mefrom beneath me.

(AbuDawud)

X SUPPLICATION 10

Jl'',iig i +V d*.,#U rl!,]l i]t;+4" Al.,!'r:ij! 1:ittt

o .1, f z e

,c ! s-id,:,' ;i

qr. b y.e Ji'A '*t6 Jiiii';rjri j

Allahumma inni Abduha Ibnu Amatika, Nasiyotiy biyadikamad h in fe e h u h um u k a, A dl un fe ey a Qdh aw uka, A s al u h abikulli ismin, Huwa laka sommaita bihi min khalkiha

Aw vistahtharta bihifee ilmil ghoibi indaka An Tajolal QuranalAzim Rabeea Qalbil hta noora sadri,

wa jilaa'a Huzhni wadhhaba hammi

54

(Any person who is overcome by sadness or grief and supplicates) O'AllahI am Yotr servan! son of Your female sewant, my forelock is in Your hand.

Your decision conceming me shall certainly come to pass. Just is Yourjudge-ment about me. I invoke you by every nurme that You have and that youcalled Yourself by sent down in Your book, taught to any of Your creatures,

or kept with you in the knowledge of the unseen that is with You make the

Glorious Quranthe spring ofmyheart, the Light ofmychest, theremoverofmy grief and the Disparter ofmy concern." (SurelyAllah will Remove hisgriefand sadness and exchange them fordelight.(MusnadAhmad)

N.,B: When making du'a after Prayer or at any time Dua can be made inone's own language. And when Prayer (Du'a) is implored in Arabic itmust be understood properly. At the time securing forgiveness and call-ing on Allah, Al hamdu lillahi Rabbil Aalameen. Should be recitedwith salawat (Durood) at first "Allahumma salli ala Multamamdin waala aali Mahammadinwa barik wa sallirn LateronaskAllah earnestlywhatever one wishes to ask. when finishing the Du'a recite Salawat first and

then say Al hamdu lillahi rabbilAalameen.

78. TIm, JAMAA'T PRAYERS @rayers performed in Congrtgation)

Praying in Jamaat means to follow or to pray together in a group with a(Imam) kader before you. The people who follow the Imam are called the

Mahmoom. There is no limitation to the number of lvlatunoom: it can be

evenone.We are encouraged to pray in Jamaat (congregation) because praying incongregation merits twenty seven times the rewards than praying alone.

Mahmoom(Laws)

The one Person male Mahmoom stands to the right ofthe Imam at his side

but a little behind him. If another male comes to join them, the second male

stands to the left ofthe Imam. When this happens it is Sunnah for both of

55

them to retreat behind the Imam, or it is sunnah for the Imam to advanceforward. The Imam will then be in front ofthe two ofthem.

If the Mahmoom is mixed, that is, there are males and females, the femalestand behindthe male Mahmoom.If the Mahmoom are all females and the Imam too is a female, then it isSunnah that the female Imam stands at the front in the middle in their midst.

If the Mahmoom consists of one male and one female, the Imam standsin front, the male stands behind the Imam and the female stands behindthe male.

79. THE LAW FOR PRAYER IN JAMAATThey are:-

l. Fardhhu ain: An individual obligation (for example) : FridayPrayer. It is Fardhh for every Muslim male to pray the Friday Prayer.

2. Fardhhu Kifaayah: A collective obligation (for example): JanazahPrayers. Ifsome Muslims perform this Prayer the rest ofthe Muslimsare free from the oblisation.

80. TIIE CONDITONS OFTIM JAMAAT LAWS.

I . To have the myyah, as a Mahmoom. (not oraly)2. TheMahmoom says (in mind) the Takbeer e Tahreem only after

thelmam.3. The Mahmoom should not stand in front ofthe Imam.4. The Mahmoom should not precede the Imam in two principle acts

ofthe Prayer, like the Ruku and the Itidaal. Likewise the Mahmoomshould not delay in following the Imam for more than two acts likethe Ruku and Itidaal orthe Itidaal and the frst Sujood.

5. The Mahmoom and the Imam should be in the same place. It is notpermissible for the Mahmoom at home to follow an Imam whomthey hear over the radio or T.V.

56

81. TIIE DISAPPROVED IMAM (MAKROOID

The following people should not become Imam in JammtPrayet

I . A faasiq : that is a Muslim who commits major sins or repeatedly

comfiutsnunor$ns.A person who is disliked by the people.

A person who stammers in his speech.

A person who practices sihr or majic etc.

82. ST]IINAH ACTS OF JAMAAT PRAYER

It is sunnah to staighten the Mahmoom raws.

To fill the first rowTo recite aloud the changing position Takbeers.

$. TIm MASBOOQ OR LATE COMER LAWS.

The masbooq are the late comers. They are the people who join often the

jamaat when Prayers have commenced.

Ifthe late comer finds the Imam standing reciting the Fathihah orthe Sur4 he

must straight away recite Takbeer and read Fathihah, without reciting the

wajahat. Ifthe Imam performs the Ruku before the late comer finishes his

Fathihah, the late comer can also do the Ruku, without finishing tlre Fathihah

- and he is considered as having accomplished that one Rakat'

Ifthe late comer joins the jamaat Prayer when the Imam is performing the

Ruku; he quickly says his first Takbeer and he says again AllahuAkbar and

performs the Ruku. Straight away without reciting his Fathihah and sura or

wajahat; If he is able to perform the Ruku properly, that is, he is able to

rest for a moment for as long as it takes him to say Subhanallah while

performing the Ruku, then he has accomplished that one ltakat. He has not

missed.

If he is not able to perform the Ruku properly with the Imam, then he is

considered to have missed that Rakat and he has to complete that Rakat at

the end ofthe Prayer, after Imam has-given his Salaam.JI

2.a

A+,

1.

2.aJ.

The late comerjoins the Prayer when the Imam is already in the sujood orsitting for Tashah hud the late comer says his (Awwal) first Takbeer andshaight away takes the position . The Imam is taking without reciting Fathihah,Sura etc. But he is considered to have missed that Rakat, and he has toperform after the Imam says the Salaam. Thus after the Imam says Salaamthe late comer gets up and completes the number of Rakats that he missed.Ifthe late comerjoin in only in the last sitting ofthe Imam, and that he will .

have to pray all four Rakats.

84. THE JTIMMAH PRAYER (FRIDAY PRAYER)+..

1ul l; Jl li;Ll gi"+jt fj,: d,, E'TJ;JJ_,s;_t tiJ i*l ,l jJt r.ejt;

" jjii5 r,r;t rsl ji.,51i 6jrrr3i;O' you who believe ifthe call for Prayer of Friday is proclaimed, then striveto the remembrance ofAllah and leave your fading: those are better for you.ifyou only but knew. (Sura Jumma- 62: 9)Friday Prayer is very important in Islam. It has got its own moral, social andpolitical benefits. It is obligatory for every Muslim except woman, children,slave, seriously ill people and ftavellers. They can pray Jummah but it is notobligatoryonthem.

Prophet Muhammad (4E) has given a strong waming to a person who leaveshis Jummah Prayerwithout avalid reason.

The Prophet (*) said:I wish to appoint someone to lead the Prayer and myself go to the houses ofthose who missed the Friday Prayer and set fire to their houses with theoccupants inthem: (Muslim -Ahmad)

Anotherhadith states:

"Aperson who leaves (3) Friday Prayers consecutively. Allah puts a seal onhis heart". (Ahmad, Tirmithi, Abu Dawud)

58

Friday Prayer comprises oftwo Rakats. It is performed during ZuharPrayertime. It is Fardh on every individual male, who is a Muslim. Aperson whomisses his Jumma Prayer should pray four Rakat ZvharPrayer For JummaPrayer, comparatively large number ofMuslims gather in a Mosque. Islamemphasizes onthe physical cleanliness as well.

Prophet (4!) said: A person who has a bath on Friday cleanses himself fully,uses oil and perfume; then goes to the Mosque early in the afternoon andtakes his place quietly without pushing or disturbing people; then he prays(optional) Prayer as much as he is able to pray then sits quietly listening tothe Khutbah, he will be forgiven his sins between this Jummah and the nextJumnrah" (Buhari)

NarratedAbu Huraira (*s)Allah's Messenger (49) said: (mentioning the

day ofJumma) There is a time in it Griday) at which no Muslim would stand

up while praying and begAllah, Who is Great and Glorious, for somethingbut he would give it to him and he pointed with his hand that it (this time) inshort: (Agreed upon) and in the veision ofMuslim is: this tirne is little."

Nanated lbnAbbas (.gr) Allah's Messenger (W) said'Whoever speaks onFriday while the Imam is giving the Khutba (religious talk) he is like a donkey

which carries books. and he who tells him to be quiet he has no Jumuah(Reported by Ahmad)

85. TIIE, CONDITONS (SHARD TIIAT MAKE THE FRIDAYPRAYER (J{.[VI'Arr) EARDH AIN

1. HemustbeaMuslim2. He is already a baaligh (attained age)

3. He must be sane

4. He must be a male

5. Hemustbeafreeman6. He isingoodhealth7. He must be"residing in that place.

59

86. TIIE COI\DITIONS CONCER}{INGTIIE VALIDITYOFTIMTRTDAYPRAYER(SAHEA)

l. The Friday Prayers are held in the vicinity ofthe residential area ofthe country of the person.

2. Jum'ah should be performed during the h;f'nrPrtyertime.3. Jum'ah should be performed in Jamaa'ah with a Mahmoom of

even two. (there is no authority of forty) but this minimum oftwo person should be male of that locality.

4. Jum'ah Prayer is performed after giving two Khutbahs(speeches)

5.It is recommended to perforrn one Jum'ah in one village.

In one country or vicinity two or more different Jum'ah Prayerscannot be held unless it is done for a specific reason. forexample:

l. It is difficult for all the Muslims to pray at one place due to lackof space.

2. The country is very big so that it is difficult for all the Muslims togather at one place.

87. PERSON ENTERING TIIE MOSQUE DIIRING KTTUTBA TIME

Ifaperson enters the Mosque atthe time ofthe delivering ofthe Sermon(during Khutba) he should offer two Rakats sunnah of Mosque greetingPrayer (Tahiyyatul masjid) shortly that is to say only Al Hamd sura in bothRakasts and no other sura and the tasbih in bowing posture (Ruku) andprostration (Sajda) is to be recited for once only. And Atta Hiyat should berecited upto Allah humma salli ala Muhammadin and then pay Saluta-tion(Salarn)

88 LATECOMER

lf any person participates the congre gation of Jam' ah Fardh Prayer withthe Imam in Ruku of the second Rakat he should not move his head forsalutation (salam) withthe Imam but complete the omitted Rakat ofthe Prayerby standing errect and recite upto Atta Hafiryatand pay salutation. He maycomplete his Jum'ah Prayer, and ifhe comes after second Ruku ofthe jum'atr

60

Prayer he should enjoin Imam after intending for Jum'ah Prayer and afterImam's salutation, he should offer four Rakats of Zuhar Prayer with veryintention Q.{ryyat) and ofler Sunnatr Prayer of Zuhr also.The Jumah Prayer is replacement of Zuhr Prayer but the Imam has to recite

Qirat aloud in Jumah Prayer.

89. THE SUNNAH ACTS OF FRIDAYl. To take a bath2. To use perfume (Atar)3. To use clean clothes4. to cut the nails5. To go to the Mosque early6. To be silent while listening to the two Khutubas (speeches)7. To recite Sura Kahf8. To recite more Salawaatand Du'a

The two speeches (Khutbas)

The two speeches are called Khutbahs inArabic. The two khutbas areone ofthe conditions ofthe Friday Prayer without which the Friday Prayerwould not be valid.

90. TTM FARDH (PRINCIPLES OFTIIE, KHUTBATIS)

1 . To say Alhamdu Lillaft ( to Praise Allah) in both Khutbahs2. To bless the Prophet (W) (To recite salawaat) inboth Khutbahs.3. To remind to fearAllah (God fearing out of love for Him) by

saying lttaqullah4 . To read an Aayah from the Quran in either of the Khutbahs.5. To supplicate (Du'a) for the Muslim - Mu'mins (the Faithful

ones) in+he second Khutbah.

91. TIIE CONDMONS OF TIM KHUTBAH

I . The Khutbah should be held in Zuk time.2. He must sit for a while between two Khutbahs3. The Khutbahmustbe givenbeforethe Prayer4. He must recite all the Fardhs (principles) ofthe Khutbah5. He must stand ifhe is able to.6. Khutbah must be heard by the people.

6l

92 TIIE SI.]I\NAH OF TIIE KHUTBAH

I . !o glve the Khutbah on a raised platform or the mimber] Io give the Salaam (greeting) before the Khutbah3. To sit after giving the Salaam so that the azhan may be per-

formed4. To hold on to stick or its equivalent in the left hand.5. The Khutbah is neither toolong nor too short.

93. PRAYERAFTERJUM'AH

Abu Huraira (..S) narrated that the Messenger ofAllah (gf) said: Any-9T .of you who is going to pray after Friday prayer he should priy4 Rakats (sunnah)

94. INFORTANCE OF GOINGEARLYTO FRIDAYPRAYER

Ol Fqiday it is more rewarding to get ready quickly to go to the Mosque.lbu Hurairah (#,) narrated that the Messenger ofAllah (S) said: OnFriday the Angels stand at the door of the Mosque and write down thenames ofthe people in the order in which they enter the Mosque for FridayPrayer. The first group ofpeople who enter the Mosque git the re*ardequivalent to that of sacrificing a camel, the people who enter the Mosqueafter them receives the reward equivalent to that of sacrificing a cow. Thepeople who enter the Mosque after them receives the reward e-quivalent tothat 9f ycTfgitrg a ram and the people who follow on likewis6 get the re-ward-ofa chickeg egg and so ontheie is a gradation ofrewaids for thepeople as they enter. the angel keep writing the names ofthe people until theIrry1 sits.down to give Khutabah. Then the Angels colreci th6ir registersand sit and listen to the Khutbah.

@uhari-Muslim)

62

95. TIIE QASRAI\D TIM JAMAPRAYERcflfl SHORIEr\EDA|IDTTIE COMBI|IED PRAYER)

(DT]RING A JOI]RI\EY)

I. QASRPRAYERIslam is apractical way of life and considers the situation in which itsfollowers may face difficulties so Allah has made the things easy for the

believers insuch situation included inthese facilities is the permission forshortening and combining daily Prayers during ajourney-A traveller who is still tavelling can shorten his Prayers of four Rakats

to two Rakats.That is, he can shorten his Zuhr, Asr and Isha Prayers totwo Rakats instead of four Rakats. The Subh and Maghrib Prayers

cannot be shortened. They remain as they are.

It is more rewarded to pray a Qasr Prayer (short Prayer) while on ajoumey. The Messenger of Allah (*) said: It is a gift from Allah

, which He has bestowed upon you; so you should accept it.(Muslim)

II COMBINING PRAYERSA person on a joumey can combine Zuhr and Asr Prayers togetherpraying them both at Zuhr or atAsr time. He can also combine Maghriband Isha Prayers together praying them with both at Maghrib or Ishatime.

IbnAbbas (.ga) says that the Messenger ofAllah (*€)used to combineZuhr and Asr together when he was on a journey and also be used tocombine Maghrrib and Isha.

(Buhari)

Muaz (.*s) says that the Messenger ofAllah (S) was on ajourney forthe battle ofTabook. Ifthe sun had already declined when he wanted tostart his joumey after having camped somewhere, he would combine hisZuhr and Asr Prayers together and pray them both at Zuhr time, and ifhe had decided to move before the sun had declined then he delayed the

Zulu Prayer and prayed it combined withAsr Prayer atAsr time. And ifthe sun had already set when he wanted to move he would combineMaghrib and Isha together at Maghrib time. And if the sun had not set

63

when he wanted to move he would delay Maghrib and pray it with Ishaatlshatime.

(Abu Dawud:Tirmzi)This is a gift from Allah, which the believers should accept gratefirlly.

96. WHEN TO SHORIENAND COMBINE PRAYERS

Now there is a question as to what is the limiting distance and durationof the journey to make the facility of Qasr and Jama valid

1. Narrated Anas (+$s) when Allah's Messenger (ff) went out on ajourney of three miles or three farasikh he used to pray two Rakat.

(Muslim)N.B.: It appears fromthe hadiththat athreemiletravel. is indeed atavel,

but as long as shuba doubts it, the scholars have given a ruling thatdistance should be three farsakh (i.e. nine miles). Some scholars havespecified (36) miles some (48) miles whereas some others suggested(52) miles. The reference conceming (48)miles isbetterandstongerasAhnaf andthe scholars of Hadith accord their preference to it. Butthese are merely surmisess and conjuchre and are not substantiated byan evidence

(BulughAl Marom P154)ln our opinion the correct definition of ajoumey is what the societyas a whole recognises under their circumstances, the minimum limit be-ing(48)miles.

97 .DI]RATION OF JOI]RNEY

Nanated IbnAbbas (-$) . The Prophet (W) made ajourneyduring whichhe had a stop of nineteen days in which he shortened his Prayers. In another

version of Buhari : The Prophet ($€) stayed nineteen days in Makka. In the

version ofAbu Dawud is: Seventeen davs. And in another version is ffieendays.

64

ln the version ofAbu Dawud by Imran bin Hussain (,.*l)is mentioned eigh-

teen days. Jabir (+*r) Narrated that Allah's Messenger (ffi) stayed at Tabuk

fortwentydays, andhe shortenedthe Prayers (duringhis stay) Reported by

Abu Da'ud. Its narraters are reliable but its origin base has been disputed)

N.B.: There is also a difference ofopinion pertaining to the duration ofthetavet. Some have specified three days, the other eighteen. In fact it is only a

misunderstanding.-In case someone has to dwell at a certain place due tosome excuse, no durationis speci{ied inrelationto itandhe cango onpayingtwo Rakat for years together.Allah knows better.

98. NAFLPRA}'ER ON JOURNEY

Prophet (ffi) always offered Witr Prayer during his joumey and he em-

phasized and expressed the importance of 2 Rakat sunnah of the Fajr

F.uy"t Therefore the believers should pray these while on ajoumey.

99. TIIE CONDnONS OFTTIE QASR PRAYER

I . The joumey should cover the minimum distance.

2. [t should be for Islamic purposes.

3. To have the intention of Qasr Prayer in the first Takbeer

4. The destination of the journey is known.

5. The person who is praying in Qasr cannot become Mahmoom to

another who is not PraYing in Qasr.6. The Qasr was not performed for the missed Prayers.

7 . The Prayer to be performed in Qasr must be a four Rakat Prayer

8. He knows that Qasr is permissible for him.

r00. coNDITIoNS OFTHE JAMMU TAQDEEM PRAYERS

I . The Zuhr Prayer must be performed first before the Asr Prayer. And

the Magluib Prayermustbe performed firstbefore the IshaPrayer.

2. To havethe intention forthe combined Prayer

3 . The two Prayers are performed one after the other without long inter-

ruptionbetureenthem.4. The person should be on his journey

65

rO1. CONDITIONS OFTHE JAMMU TAKKHEER PRAYERS

l ' To intend to pray the prayers in jammu during the first prayer time,although theprayers are not per6rmed during the first prayer. That isthe intention is intended during the Zuhr and 6 t*nd prayer times.2. The person should not have-reached rrir.iou*.it Jrro u.ro." t .completes both his prayers.

3. The duration should be kept in mind.4. The destination is specifiei o. known.5. The journey should be Islamical.

NB..' It is sunnah to recite the Iqaamah before praying the second prayer.Jammuand Qasrprayers can be ofirered duringheavyrainand severe illness.These Prayers will have to be performed at their respective pr;;r..:.According to the conditions.

rO2. WITRPRAYER

witr Prayer is Sunnat Mu'akkadah (or wajib). It is very much emphasizedby Prophet Muhammed (#). He did not leave this praye, even during ajoumey or when mounted on a Camel Back.witr Prayer is offered after the Isha prayer right upto the break of dawn.ItArabic wtr means one. In Hadittrs the M.ssenger ofAlhrLsays: AIah isone so he likes the number One: (Mustiml

!y{ea Abu Ayub Al Ansari (.,ei,) Allah,s Messenger (*) said AlYitPl"v.,t is a duty upon every Muslim so whoever likes to offer it withfive Rakat let him do so and whoever likes to offer it with three let him do soand whoeverlikes to offeritwith one lethimdo so.

rhis Hadith inrorms,,,#:rff' #y::#K;;':'J"^*!:#.,+1"Ahnaf(Followers oflruam Abu Haniffa) follow the sam, ,.t oii orflrorghr.The rest of the Imam and majority of the s.h"il;;;;;-;. * r*"rr,.

66

NarratedAli binAbu Talib ("S) The Witr Prayer is not obligatory as theprescribed Prayer is, but it is a Sunnah which was sanctioned byAllah'sMessenger($[)

(Reported Tirmidi, An Nasai, Al Hakim)

rO3. NUMBER OF RAKATS IN WITR PRAYER

Accoring to reports the number of Rakat in Witr vary from one toeleven. Some scholars according to their preferences to three Rakat.Majority ofthe companions ofthe Prophet (4€) and their followers, ImamShafi ,Imam Ahmad and Imam Malik recognise and prefer only one Rakat(minimxn)

104. HOWTO PRAYWITR

It ispermissibleto perform the Witrbyprayingtwo Rakat (and concludingthem) and then praying one rakah with a tasha hud and Tashim. Likewise, itis allowed to pray all the Rakat with two tash huds and one tashim. Onemay pray a number of Rakat, one after another Without making any Tashahud and then stands to perform the last rakah wherein one will make an-other t as h a h ud andend the Prayer with the Tashim.It has been related from the Prophet (4f). thathe would perform the WitrPrayer with thirteen, nine, seven, five, three Rakat or one Rakah

( Tirmidi)

105 .RECITATION IN THE WITR

It is permissible to recite afterAl Fathihatr any Surah which one wishes torecite. However it is prefened to recite in the first of the three Rakat ofWit, sura al ala after reciting Fathihatr. In the second Rakah, it is prefenedto recite al Kafirun. In the third Rakah, it is proper to recite the last threeSurahs ofthe Quran.

67

106. DU'AAL QUNUT IN THE WITR

o -o. o.rl,z -o-- o,o. o. o1a:1 fi,'r-o.!S -!SLc. 6 ,-r r.t$ ,'r-oJ-S . -.lJil a4IJlv ..- l)-- r * v -z \_

b CiJ-'|i.l .,jJt o;j; u;.g-r,5.ilr-d - - -of .l. - o . * l- 6' . o ...- - ol o I l/0. o. lldIrLS ilr*. o La -'; #_o ,*'rr cl la19 -*-Jl

,) - .6 - - - \ o ^ - '

o-o/ t.-\l 4.t. .tot- .-r\t- o

i* cji: J {' !s,'rr rc ..,,.a{ Z3 U,a*

Hj rsjLii .,riL U Av; edttj- o '. 7 t - i -

o ' ?z,",*. ' i L; rl; i-LiJl 413 J+lEi-l

+t+;TSl'c;*iAllah hum mahdineefeeman hadayta

,i","T;"if :;:!;:#:,'{f lif ,^o"Wu barik leefeemd frtaits

waqinee shar ra ma qadayta

fa innaka taqlee wala yuqdd alayk

fa innahu la yazil lu man walaytwala yaiuaman adaite

Thbaarakta Rabbuna wa ta salaitFalakal Hamdu alaa maa Qadhait

Astagh Jiruka wa atoobu ilaika

O'Allah make me among those whom you have guided and make meamong those whom you have saved, and make me among those whom youhave chosen, and bless whatever You have given me. And save me from theevil that you decreed. For truly you deeree and none can decree over You.

68

And truly those you entrust will not be despised, and those You despise willnot be revered. Our Lord ! you are blessed and You are lofty' And to you

belong all Praise overthatwhichyou decreed.I seek Your Forgiveness and

I repent.

Qunut is recited after the Ruku.

107. SUPPLICATION AFTER WITR

b.

Subhanal malikil Quddoos 3 times

Glory be to the Master the HolyRabbil malayikat war ruhLord ofthe Angels and the Spirits (once)

-to q.

*j*lJl s$Jl ;l{ i J',

eii q)L "Li

tFUS.tot*'fi:+joa*: ozofe;rc6c<,t\&;e1i tLtlr ;T * e4e'y6

c. Allahumma inni Auzubika bi Radhaka min sukhtika, waAuzu bimaafaatikamin Uqoobatika WaAuzubika minka laa ahsii thana an

alaika anta kam a atnuta aIa nafs ik

O'Allah I seek refuge in Your pleasure from your anger. And I seek refuge

in Your granting wellbeing from Your punishment. And I seek refuge in You

from You. I cannot reckon Your Praise. You are as You have Praised Your-

seH.

(lbn maia, Tirmathi Ahmad, Annasai, Abu Danud)

N.B.Missed Wit Prayer should be made during any time of the night or day.

69

I 08. THE JANAZA pRAyER €I]NERAL pRAyER)

a- The right ofone Muslim over another is five: To answer hissalaam, to visit him when he is siclg to attend his invitation, tofollow his jan azato supplicate for him when he. sneezes.

(Buhari -Muslim)b. The Prophet (ffi) said: If you-are present when a person dies,close his.eye!-,.fo1the eyes_follgw the soul (rooh) and speakonly good.(of him) for the talk ofthe family oitn. a"ua *il u"accepted (by the angels)

(Ibn majah * Ahmad)

c. The soul of the faithful Muslim will be suspended because ofhis debts until his debts are all paid off.

(rhat is he wilt not be able to b" i, jmSirlH:ltl109. THE OBLIGATIONSTOWARDSTHE DEAD (MAYYIT)

A. l. To bathe th_e Janaza(deadbody)2. To do the Shroudine (Kafn) -'

i F pruy for thejanazi in congregation4. To bury the janaza

NB: The male performs the bath for the male body unless it is the wifeand a female performs the bath for ttre female body unless it is thehusband.

II O. HOW TO CONDUCT JANAZA PRAYERSwhile conductingjanazathelmam should stand in level withthehead and shoulders ofthe dead body ifthe body is male. Imamshould stand in level with the middle part ofthe body if it is a fe-male.

1I1. WHERE JANAZAPRAYER DIFFERS-JanazaPrayer is only slightly different from other prayers in thatthere is no Ruku or sajada and tasha hud in it. there ls no fixed

70

time for offering this p-rayer. It has to-to be prayed in a standingposition only. mT *{d9* like purificati",i aJrng iiiCrrr,, suft4dress etc ; have to be satisfied as in the usual prayers.

1T2. THE OBLIGATORYACTS OFTHE JANAZAPRAYER

I ' To have the intention. Intention shourd be made in heart.ld̂-z

N.fYyllJ';U rt# A:i <q,) "?,;,,; *Jr a^ oc J;f

"-21 ti,,; ,oli Jl3usa'i Ara hadar mayyati Fardh (kifaya) arbaa takbiratinMahmooman (Imaaman) lillahi Aliah u Akbar1 ' I pray the Fardh Kifaya prayer of fo,r Takbin for this mayyi t 6anaza)as aMahmoomforAllah:2. To stand for thbse who are able to stand.3. IorecitefourThkbirs4. To recite the Fathihatr5. To recite Salaawaat after second Takbir6' b make Du'a Supprication for the janaza after third takbir.7.. To say and perform Salaam

I13. THE SUI\INAHS OF JANAZA PRAYER

t ' To carry the hands-upto the srroulders as usual every time thelnaarn states the Takbir2. Ilorecitesoftly3. IosayAwooarBillah4. Io make du'a for thejanaza in ttre fourth Takbir.

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114. CONDUCT OF JAN AZAHPRAYER

One janaza Prayer can be held for several mayyits at thesametime. It is sunnah for the Prayer to be performed injamaat. Themaiyyit is placed horizontally in front ofthe Imaam who stands facingtheQiblah.

It is sunnah for the Imaam to stand slightly to the left ofthe maiyyit'shead, if it is a male and, if it is a female to stand in line at the waist ofthe mayyit. JanazaPrayer is only slightly different from other Prayersin that there is no Ruku, sujood and no Tasha hud in it. There is nofixed time for offering this Prayer. It has to be prayed in a standingposition only. Other condition like purification, facing Qiblah, sut4dress etc. have to be satisfied as in the usual Prayer. There is no Azanor Iqaamah in his Prayer making intention in the heart before Prayeris necessary as in the other Prayer.

115. FIRST TAKBIR OR TAKBIR TAHRIMA

Janazah Prayer contains four Takbeerat. First Takbir is TakbirTahrima. The Imaam says AllahuAkbarandraises his hands upto the shoulder level with fingers stretching to the earlobes and thecongregation does the same. The Imaam fold his hands on his chestrighthandoverthe left.Then the person should recite sura Fathihah with Auzoozu andBismi

h'), Jrl-:;Jr G l)tr!"Ao dlr , o dit

frJ'fJ'Auzu Billahi Minas shaytan nir RajeemBismilluhir Rohmanir Raheem"I seek refuge from the evils of shaytan."

1,. o+IJl ^*r/ l-

72

ln the name ofAllah the most Beneficent the most Merciful

" ii jr Lt'r4t[.J,iJ " ;;*-;,.j,ltit; iiir.l{!- t ) t )- 6 -

i{iE *, jGi;Jl r-ii o ;"+iJji i,-ijjl iriiJl tl",*lv- . J J - I l-

(,!----+1) " !;

Alhamdu lillahi rabbil dlameenAr Rahumonir RaheemMaliki yawmid deenIyyaka nabudu wa lyyaka Nasta ' eenIhdinas Siratl mustaqeemSirathalla dheena an amta alayhimGhairil maghdubiAlaiyhim walad ddl leen. Ameen.

"The Praisebe toAllah, Lord ofthe universeThe most Gracious, the most MerciflrlThe Master ofthe Day of Judgement

You alone we worship and to You alonewe pray forhelpShow us the Straight PathThe Path of those whom you have blessedWho have not deserved ylur angerNorgone astray."

Reciting sura Fathihatr is necessary in Janaza Prayer, but it should berecited in a subdued voice.

73

116. SECOND TAKBIRThen the Imaam should say the second takbir, and the congregation

should follow but it is not necessary to raise but if someone does, it is

alright. Bothways are accepted bythe Shariya.After the second Takbir the person prayrngjanazashould recite salawaatin his heart. It is preferable to recite the salawaat which comes rnthe Attahaiyyat that is salawaatul Ibraltimiyya

,11 ,^1;i ;i.al-Jl ,$vuJ|--/-/.-9d - t l-

Ia-:,-o , -Lcl, l)

lr, i --r ll ,l-C 0vij\/4i,*s

6/,::i; |;S r'i; ,ll' ,k-o d,i-i k,"G'^iJJi{ , Y t \'/. 9 Y I v

dJ ,lii ;i.al-Jli'-\"'r'/

$+111 't .X;U L;( +i;jeljt J.al-. il

-/ J

O o 6n9 o /J..--...-rs.-o J-..---u--...s.

Allah humma salli ala Muhammadin wa ala aali Muhammadinkama sallaita ala lbrahima wa ala aali lbrahima, Wa barik alaMuhammadin wa ala sali Muhammadin kama barakta alaIbrahima wa ala aali Ibrahima innaka Hameedun Majeed

o'Allah! send Prayers on Muhamma$ and on ttrrTo*it/Yft.ti^)Mohammad, as you sent Prayers on lbrahim and send blessingson Muhamhad and thefamity of Muhammad as you send bless'ings on lbrahim, Your are indeed worthy of Praise,full of Glory,

, 117. THIRD TAKBIR:After Imaam says Allahu Akbar each person should pray for the deceased. In the

Hadith various kinds of du'as are mentioned but here we will take only one du'acommonly recited by everyone.

,-{tiik ci; U )ivj4:irti, i;otfoJ

74

t4 Jzi;Yl .+Fr,-i.! af ur-t +j I b#3+tAl c;ljj-trab o-,13 jr* [iil ,rs i +1: esS:r

-? 'a' : J: a-; r iii+ <3'rl:4t a-l+31; l+ij J,'-iir Kii-l,ftt +r.;j

"Allalt hum maghJirlahu warahumhu wafu nrhu, wa dJihi, wa

skrim nuzulahu ws wassi Mudkhalahu, waghsilhu bil mdee wsththaliji, wal bardi, wfl nnq qihi minal khataya kama yunaq qatlt

thawbul abyadu minad danasi waAbdil hu daaran khayram mindaarihi wa ahlan khayram min ahlihi wa zawian khayram minzawjihi wa udkhil hul iannata waqihi Jitnatal qabri wa azabunnggr.

(Muslim)

O'Allah forgive him show him mercy, grant him security, pardon him, grant himnoble provision and a spacious lodging, wash hirn with water, snow and ice and

hail, purifo him from sins as the white garment is purified from filth, give hirn a better

abode in place ofhis present one, and a better spouse in place ofhis present one,

put him in Paradise and save him from the trial in the grave and the punishment ofHell.

In case the dead body belongs to a non -adult , he should say "Allahhumma ijalhu lana salafun wa ajran"O Allah make this an anticipation for us and preserve the same as a

store of virtues inthe here after118. FOURTH TAKBIR

ENDING THE JANAZA PRAYERThenthe Imam should saythe fowth Takbir andthe congregation should

follow and after that the Imam should say "Assalamu Alaikum Warah

matullah" turning his face to the right first and then to the left, and

congregation should do the same.

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ll9. EID PRAYERS -The two Eid Festivals

The Prayer of Eidain (two Eids) in sunnat Muakkada (offeredregularly by the Prophet ($[) hence a definite sunnats. And he ordered the

men and woman to go out to attend them. The two Eids was prescribed inthe first year after the migration.

Allah's Messenger said:Eid Al Fitr is the day on which the people break the fast, and (Eid)

Al Adha is the day they offer sauifices:(ATTirmidhi)

It is preferred to make ghusl, perfume one's self and done one's best

attire on the occasions of the two Eids. wearing new or beautiful clothes

is a sturnat.

EATING ON THE TWO EIDS.l.One is to eat before going to the Salah for Idul Fitr (Ramazan

festival) but not do so on the occasion of the idul adha (Haj Festi-val) for Idul Fifr it is sunnat to eat an odd number ofdates before going

to pray salahrl Eid, While for Eidul Adha the eating should be delayed

until one retums from the Eid Prayen and then he may eat ofhis scrifice

ifhehas sacrificedan animal' @iqhAs sunnatr)

I2O. PLACE FOR EID PRAYERSSalatul Eid can be performed in the Mosque but it is preferred to

perform in a place outside the city as long as there is no excuse orreasonto do otherwise (e.g. Rain and so on) as the Prophet wouldpray the two Eids in the outskirts of Madina and he never prayed it inhis Mosque, except once and because itwas raining.

Shariatr requires woman and children to go out and attend the Salatul

Eidain. This includes married, single ,young, old and menstruatingwomen.

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12I. TIME OFEID PRAYERThe time for Salatul Eid begins from the time the sun is t}ree metersabove the horizon until the sun reaches its meridian.

122. NUMBER OF RAKATS OF EID PRAYEREid Prayer is two Rakats. There is no nafl Prayer before or after the

Eid Prayer. There is no AZAN or Iqamah for Eid Prayers.

Prophet ($E) used to pray two Rakats only for Eid Prayer. He did notpray anlthing before or after that. (Buhari,Muslim)

123. CONDUCT OF EID PRAYERS.Two Rakats of Eid Prayer should be offered in the same manner as

the two Rakats ofthe usual Prayer except that there are seven Takbirs

in the first Rakat and five Takbirs in the second Rakat, with each extraTakbir the hands should be raised up to the shoulder level (as inTakbirTahrima).The Prophet ("r*) said seven Takbirs in the first Rakat of Eid Prayerand five Takbirs in the second Rakat of the Eid Praver before.a

begining the recitation.(Tirmidi, Ibn maj ah,Darimi)

Imaam shafi hold it is prefenedto extol and glorifyAllahduringtheseintervals between Takbeerat and to say words like Suban AllahAlhamdu lillah and la ilah,a illalahu wallahu akbar.

124. EID PRAYERIS OF'FERED BEFORE KHUTBAHProphetMuhammad (#)AbuBakr ("sl,) andUmar($) said seven

extaTakbirs in ttre first Rakat oftheir Eidain Prayer five exfa Takbin

in the second Rakat of their Eidain Prayer. Prophet (l$a) offered Eidprayerbeforekhutbaandrecitedaloud.

$nafee)

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125. TAKBIRAT DURING THE DAYS OF EIDIt is sunnah to pronounce the takbirat on Eid days, conceming the Eidofbreaking fast, Allah says 'oYou Should complete the prescribed pe-riod and that you should Glorify Allah (say takbeerat) for having guided

you and that you may give thanks.Concerning the Eid of Sacrifice (Haj festival) Allah says "He has

made thern subject to you that you may gloriffAllah for his guid-ance to you.

The takbeerat during the Eid breaking fast is from the time the moon is

seen, until *re person goes to the Eid Prayers. The Takbirat for the EidAl Adha (Haj festival) is from the day ofArafah trrtil the time of the

Asr on the thirteenth ofDhul Hriiah.The takbirat can be made in many different forms.Thefollowingisrecommended: o

'rt\Lilij4s\LiJi,'4\^j5..ui j*fi 4ui u:r i,t aJI v

.=ir ol.Allahu Akbar, AllahuAkbar Allahu AkbarIa ilaha illalahAllatruAkbar, Allahu AkbarWalillahilhameed."Allahis great,Allahis great,Allah is great

There is no god but Allah, Allah is the greatest

All Praise belongs to Allah.126. THE TNTENTION (NIVYAT) FOR EID PRAYERS.

-g.o tJl-C 4!Jt

+fuu;k;ri 4tri

J! >\a:ai*'i ;tli ;Fr#rJEI

- 6 -o

4+--,:iJl i.i;<ll

78

Ilsaui sunnata EidAl Fitr / Eid alAdha Rakataini Ma'mooman..I pray two Rakats ofthe sunnah - Eid al Fitr / Eid alAdha Prayers

as a ma' moon for Allah Allahu Akbar'

SALATTJLKHAUT'127. PRAYER IN THE TIME OF FEAR

Ibn Qaiyum says basically, there are six ways to pray salatal khauf

although some say there are more than (six ways ofpraying it)' \\'e

shall mentionhere only one way ofoffering'

"If the enemy is not in the direction of the Qiblah, then the Imam

should lead a group inthe perforTnance of one Rakah after which he

should wait unitl they complete the second Rakah by themselves, and

then, they should go and face the enemy. And the second group should

come and the Imam would lead them in salah while he is performing his

second Rakah. He should againwait for them to complete another

Rakah bythemselves before leading them in the salutation.

PRAYER DURING TIMES OF EXTREME FEAR

If the fear (of the enemy) is great or fighting is taking place, each

person is to pray individually to the best of his ability, that is, standing

or riding facing the Qiblah or not facing the Qiblah, making gestures for

the Ruku and Sujud - whatever he can do. He should make the gestwe

for his Sujud lower than that for his Ruku. He is excused from any ofthe acts of salah which his is unable to perform.

128. SALATAL KUSUF : PRAYERAT AN ECLIPSE

This Prayer ofthe Eclipse is gnanimously regarded a sunnahmaukkadall

a stessed one, which has to be per{ormed by both men and women Itis betterto pray in congregation. Although the congregation is not a

conditionforit.

It consists of two Rakat, with two Ruku (bowing) in each Rakat. Asthis Prayerhas been instuctedto be offered atthe sighting ofaneclipse,majority ofthe scholars have maintained it to be performed even dur-ing those hours which are normally avoided for the praying purpose.

The conducting of Salatul Kusuf (Eclipse) Nanated lbnAbbas (-*u).There was an eclipse ofthe sun in the time ofAllah's Messenger (ffi)and then he prayed and stood for a long time, about as long as it wouldtake to recite 'Surat AI Baqarnh'then he bowed for a long time.then he raised his head and stood for a long time:but was less than thefirst time; then he prostrated; then stood for a long time; but for lessthan the first time: then be bowed for a long time but less than the firstbowing; then he raised his head; then he prostrated; then he finishedand the sun had become bright. He then delivered a Khutba (religioustalk, sermon)r

(Agreed upon. And it is the version of Bukhari)

129. SALATALAAYAT : PRAYER FOR SIGNS

Nanated lbnAbbas (+S) He {the Prophet (g99)} prayed drning an earth-' quake six Ruku and four sajda and said 'This is the way the Prayer of

the signsr c,ulit iy; is offered. (Reported byAl Baihaqi, andAsShafi reported a similar Hadith without its end throughAli binAbuTalib (,e,)

N.,8.This Hadithtells us that inthe event ofan untoward occurance,whether and earthly disaster (i.e. an earthquake an avalanche etc.)or catasftophe descending from the sky (i.e. ahurricane, sand storm,Tsunami or a tidal wave etc.) which inflicts pain and grief on thecreatures, people must immediately take upon themselves to offerthis Prayer which is known as Salat ulAyat.

' Ash Shafi-i cites this as a proof that an address be made with the eclipse prayer

80

130. TI{E PRAYER FOR PEII-ITENCE (Salatul Taub' ah)

Allah forgives the man who commits a sin (then feels ashamed )purifies himself offers a Prayer (two Rakats) and seeks his For-giveness:

These two Rakats are prayed as usual as other sunnah Prayers.

131. THE ISTISQAPRAYER (SALATUL ISTISQA)PRAYER IN THE TIME OF DROUGHT -PRAYER FOR RAIN

This Prayer also has been introduced by the Sunnah and it is said when

there is great need ofrain. It is repeated two or three times ifthe drought

continues. When preparation have been made for it but the rain faHs

before the congregation assembles, they should still meet to tender

thanks to Allah and invoke Him, and then proceed to the Prayer as ifnothing had happened.

The lmaam prays, with the followers, two Rakat during any time ex-

cept those times in which it is not desirable to pray. In the first rakah

the Imam recites sura Al'Ala after Al Fathihah. And in the second rakah,

he recites sura Al Ghasiyahafter Al Fathihah, andhe deliven aKhutbahbefore or after the Salah. As soon as he finishes the Khutbah, the

people present should tum their outer garments around, each placing

its left side his on right side and its right side on his left, face the qibl4SupplicateAllatr and raise their hands,

ln this regardAnas (S)says: that he never saw the Prophet (#) ever

raisinghis hands inanyofhis supplications otherthanthe one made ofIstisqa. He raised his hands so much upwards till the whiteness ofhisarmpits couldbe seen.

Shah Waliallatr in his book, Huiiathullah il Bdligha writes that there

are many ways of Istisqa which are ascribed to the Prophet ($E). the

best method which the people may adopt according to sunnah is that

8l

all the people must form a gathering in a forest with the Imam, theyshould put on ragged clothes and supplicate toAllah theAlmighty, tear-fully with a heavy heart. Then Imam should lead the Prayer consistingoftwo Rakat, with loud recitation. After the Prayer, the Imam shoulddeliver the kfiutb4 making supplications to Allah while his face shouldbe in the direction of Qiblah and then he should tum his cloak insideout.

\32.SOME SUPPLICATION FOR RAIN,tI+J4J

o o -,.l 6 -u JLr{ aUl Y L -AJL Y i+Jl eie ,4Jt;

oQ, o- d.. t.. --: .a.. "C _ ^t -,..i| , €,.il Y! ql! Y. aljl ,..'.1 FilJl .+i

ri+Il ..ls!l il5-Jl

d,j=ljt u =li: .1_rrr:tFijr JJJ G4liLG{-3 6i6 r:ii; i;f rr.g';

r Ci->Al hamdu Lillahi Rabbil Aatamin, Ar rahumanir rahim malikiyawmidin,la ilaha illa anta, antal gh;aniiwanah nulfuqaraaoo,AnzalAlainal ghaitha, Wuj al maa anzaltaAlaina Qoowata waBalaaghan ila heen"All Praise is forAllah, the compassinate, the mercifirl, the KingoftheDay of Judgement. There is no God butAllah Who does what Hewishes. OAllah, there is no Allah except Thee. You are the self suffi-cient and we are the poor Send down the rain upon us, and make it asource ofstrength forus and satisfaction for us.

82

133 MORE SUPPLICATIONS FORRAIN(4s t!; ,+ .e,t;S,\:: GiL e;-; G") r* v*)'; fti:i

:)r: 2t,l-lur1y|+i , &-t;sr o u:t !i J-5jr t';-t (-ii'fr

-Sl {t l"$; *c -9}rt :t|;:itt,rri>rir G ;;;Jt;-Qt:;:jr qt{}. o ua:i, L,-t a .'sT, c:"St . 4T W

t_rit r-,.;Jr r; ii't ij,ui ;'""t +€j. j. \! .+itr.il,:"!i

= lF *:"*-:u r:,rjr oe -a?t' u-F't

tttir. t4; ,r:J.t\ J;G 5G1 :--? *Y a';ZAlluhummas qinaa Ghailhan mghithan, mareehan, ghadaqan,

muj allilan aamman, tab aq an s ab h a n da' ay ima, Allah ummas

qinal ghaitha, Wala taia'alna minul qaniteen. AllahummaIina bil hiba'adi, wat Biladi wal bahayimi wal khalqi minalA'hwaye waliuhdi wal ghanki ma'la nashkoohu llla lalika,

Allahumma anbit lanaz zarha wa adri lanadh dhar'a, we

Asqina min barakatis sama'aye wa anbitlana min barakathilardhi, Allahummar fah annal iuhda wal ioo' a wal ura' wakshi

anna minal balaye mala'a yakshduhu ghairuka; AllahummaInna nastaghJiruka Innaka kuntu ghaffaran Fa arsilis

samaa'a alaina midraran.O,Allah give a saving rain, productive, plentiful, general continuous. O'Allah

give us rain and do not make us among the despodent. O' Allah ffow) slaves,

iand" animals and (Your) creation all are suffering and seekprotection. And we

do not complain except to You. O'Allah let our crops grow andlet the udders

be refilled. Gve us from ttre Blessings ofthe sky and grow for us from the bless-

inp oftfue Earth. O' Allah remove from us ttre hardstrip. Stanation and baneness

and remove ttre aflication from us as no one removes aflications save Thee. O'

Allah! we seek your forgiveness as you are the Forgiving, and send upon us

ple,ntyof rain."

ier jnun *id: I prefer that ttre Imam would supplicate with ttrat @rayus).

It is prefened for the one who is making the following sgpplication to

raise his hands with the back ofhis hands towards the sky.

jj;Tr aZEr J;rIg G;i gilri.ijtJss.:.4;tsJtt-:3

AllahummaAsqi lbadaka wabihayimaka, wa anshir rahmatika waghyyi bi baladakal moyyit

o'Allalr, provide water for your slaves, and your iattle, display your Mercy andgive life to yotr dead lands.

+r"+i e'# Gls v4 riirg t1.s",,ii;, r*rri

ifyi; fjs' Su-St:; twtLz6r,;Al I ah u mmaj al lilan u s a h a b en k as h ifa n, q as hifan D ul a k an D h ahakan, Tumthirna miho Rushashan, qtinfinansahran yatha|

Jalaali wal lqrom.

o'Allah generalise us with thick, rumbling, slipping and lighteningclouds from which you would send us down u rtro*.ry driizly, artispilling rain, O possessor of Glory and Honour.

(SahiAbuAwana)

134. THE TAHIYYATUL MASJID PRAYER (SALUTATIONS)

This is called the Mosque greeting prayer. It is to be performedimmediately upon entering the Mosque as a sign of respect for theplace ofsubmission. This consist oftwo Rakat.This salat oftwo Rakat is so important that even someone enters theMasjid dwing the Khutba sermon is going on, he has to offer TahiyyatulMasjid trvo Rakat before sitting to listen the sermon.The Messenger ofAllah said,'when one of you comes to the Mosque, he should pray two Rakat

84

before he sits.

135 . SALATUL ISTIKHARAH(When seeking guidance in decision making)

When someone needs the Guidance ofAllah in decision making heshould praytwo Rakat of Sunnah andthen recite the following du'a

,t..1,'ttll , :,11 ,:., 1,.,t- '.,t o-'a:. t ', ? 1t 6"1 ". t.'t#s' jr-ou.t :.,J;St;' i-c:i !'$;i3' i;r;!:;ii 4 4i,i.: . '2 ?, "i{f]! c.r ,l N"'| 1, ': ' ,.',,:"1 ,i-.-,.. tr.',.1,1,.1, ?i

.T',s,Sl', E* lu J', ol','ee J et*) Lsli G c e- r )r r-\ Jl

,.,,1',"c.i,,i, tI ti,j .'2 r,. ..'t:t,,t! tro'., tto'.2,ae 3r r/ )llrb Jtrr,i c.J JIJ i y C-, "J! {r, Cor:t) J o;-brr

2,F.rt j sn t+;.;i, $it:Allahumma inni Astakheeroka Bi ilmik. Wa'astaqcliroko

Bidqodratik. Wa'as 'aloka Min Fadlikal azeem. Fa' innakaTaqdiru lYala Aqdir. Vl/ata lamo Wala-alam, Wa anta-allamulgltuyoob. Allahumma in kunts Ta lamuAnna (HatltalAmrn)Khayrul-lee Fi deenee Wama asli Wa akibathil Amri Aw kala

Ajilil Amri lYa ajilihi Faqdorlto lee, ll/ayassirho lee,

Thomms barik lee Jilt Wa in kontu Ta lamo Anno (HatltulAmra) Shamul -lee Fi Deenee. Lf/mam aslti Wa Akibatil AmriAw qala fee aajili Amri ,l[/a ajlihi FasriJho Anne. Llasrifneeanhu l(aqdur Leyal khary Haytlto kan Thomma ardini bihi

O" Allah! I seek your knowledge, (this matter) is good for my religion,my livelihood and my affairs; immediate and in the distant, then ordainfor me, make it easy for me and bless it for me. An if in your knowl-edge, (this matter) is bad for my religion, my livelihood and my affairs;immediate and in the distant, then turn it away from me, and tum me

away from it. And ordain for me the good wherever it be and make mepleasedwithit.

j#ti>; Ci;&i*t#t "'*f tti4' zriy

85

Notes.l. The above du'a is to be recited when there is uncertaintv about the

advisability oftaking a decision, provided itis Islamicailypermis-sible.

2. Afterperformingwudu (ablution) one shouldoffertwo Rakag Gunnahrequired for this purpose)

3. Before reciting the du'a It should be made sure that the person is notalready inclined to a given decision: Otherwise it will mean that theperson is not serious about seeking guidance ofAllah.

4. In making this dud the actual matter or decision conceming whichdivine guidance is being sought should be mentioned instead ofthewords (Hathal Amra) in transliteration or the words 'this matter" inthe translation above.

5. After reciting the dua (immediately or later on) one may feel morefavourably disposed toward one choice orthe other.

136. THE pRAyER FOR NEED (SALATULHAJAH)

Ahamd has on sound Authority reported fromAbu Darda that theProphet (sallalahuAlahi Wasallam) said: "He who makes wudu, anddoes it properly. then prays two Rakat. Allah will grant him whateverhe may pray for sooner or later.

137. SALATULTASBIH

Ikrimah reports from Ibn 'Abbas that the Messenger ofAllah said toAbbas IbnAbdul Mutalib: "OAbbas O Uncle shall I not give you, shallI not present to you, shall I not donate to you, shall I not give you tenthings which, Ifyou do. Allah will forgive your first and last sins, past andpresent sins, intentional and unintentional sins, private and public sins?The ten actions are: Pray four Rakat, reciting in every Rakah-al Fathihatrand a Surah. And when you finish the Quranic recitation oftlre first rakah,saywhile standing Subhanallah al hamdulillahwa lailahaillallahwaAllahuAkbar (Glory be toAllah,All Praise is due toAllah. There is no godexcept Allah. Allatr is the greatest) Fifteen times. Then make Ruku; andwhile you are in Ruku; say the same ten times, then stand, say the sameten times, Then go down to make Sajdatr, and while you are in Sajdah,say the same ten times. Then make Sajdatr and say the same ten times.

86

Then sit after the second Sajdah, and say the same another ten times.That is seventy five (repetitions ofthe phrases) in each rakutt. Do that ineach ofthe fow Rakat. Ifyou can pray it once a day, do so. Ifyou cannotthen once every Friday. If you cannot do that, then once a year, And ifyou cannot do that, then once inyour life. This is relatedbyAbu Dawud-ibn majah. Ibn Khuzainah in his sahih and At tabarani. About this Hadithal Mundhiri says: This Hadith has been related through many chains andfrom a number of companions. The best of them is this one from Ikrimah.

-{group of scholars have graded itto be sahih, including al HarfizAbuBakr.

Al Ajari (al mundhiris teachers) Abu MuhammadAbdur Rahim Misri and

Abu al Hassan al Maqdiri. IbnAl Mubarak says: the Tasbih Prayer is agreatly desired act and it is desirable that one should punctuaily observe itandneverneglect it,

For Further details refer:

1. HafizlbnHajarinMishkat2. A1Hafiz Ibnul MadiniAnalysis ofthe narration ofTasbih Prayer.

3. AlHafizAl Katheeb Al Bakdadi (Rah)4. AllamaAbul HasanathAl Lucknowi (Rah)

(Aatar al marfu fil Akbar al moulooat)

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138. THE TAHAJJUD PRAYER (PRAYER IN THE NIGHT)

Abdullah bin Salam reports: when the Prophet (W) came toMadinah, the people gathered around him and I was one of them.I looked at his face and understood that it was not the face of a liar.The first words I heard him say were : O people, spread the saluta-tion feed the people, keep the ties of kinship, and pray during thenight while the others sleep and you will enter paradise in peace.

(AI Hakim,Ibn majah and At Tirmidhi)

a). Sunnah acts of T'ahajjud Prayer

Upon going to sleep one should make the intention toperform the Tahajjud Prayers.Upon waking one should wipe one's faceMaking supplication.

.iiiJ",ifr"f ifr<ri"i,ritt 4Jt i9: ' J' 9 t

'J; r^rr cdii Siri ,i;-;: ,fir;l-tr",)i;3,fj55 il q;S'ti3! q:ir +16-tjt s:T ,rtti;:.; Jrii

3g,itt #L"r-i:ui l- i;; 6r irT ;;ir

1l.

2.aJ.

a). La ilaha illa anta subahanaka Astaghfiruka, Li zanbi wa Asaluka Rahmafak4Allahummazidni, ilman walatuighu Qalbi ba' 'rlaIz Hadaitani wa wahabli min ladunka rahmattan lnnakaAntalWahhab. Alhamdu Lillahi lazi Ahvaatnbah da ma Amaatana qailaihinnushoor.

b).There is no god but Thee. Glory be to Thee, I seek forgive-ness from You for my, sins and I ask for Your mercy. O'Allahincrease my knowledge and let my heart not swerve after you

88

have guided me, and bestow Mercy upon me from thyself AllPraise be to Allatr who has given us back life after our death andunto Him is the resurection.

c).Then one should recite the last ten ayatof Al Imran, startingwith InnaJi khalqis somawaati wal ardh............Lo! In thecreation of the Heavens and the Earth and (in) the differenceof Night and Day are tokens (of his sovereignty) for men ofunderstandins. (AI guran 3: 190-200)

I4O. DUOA OF TAHAJJUD PRAYERThen recite the following du'a (Tahajjud)

. ol t o ,1, ','1,cjlJ^ft-JlJIiJ

i,, oi,ti,, 1z t6,),!,,0101,,!, t,7,.!, t6,0,,1,

tSlpNt '-F Je'r1 f o{tS..F.;Ull ,f lue',:,tS,f

4' :,r5,llt' t,ii';,4;' J &\,t .ii":ij, i cj f;]J

i'5'a;nr r'g

tr ! ,.t ,

/lt, 11;;i Yj

i'" ttei {r a p },Xt *ii i';Ar di ; r,P' ii u t

l,i, :,i to to1,',1, 3 o'. 0,t,03,,,,, 61,)"i,il tr,i, i,iellriJJl, J.U J^,.JlJUJ ,# VJ 4t\lS?l.illi*, -l.t^rJlgU dlJl

. o.'i,, , t.t t1,to, ,it, tt,i, i1i, tr o,0,, .0.,i,, ,,, ti,jt\t S Vt Ft t il r^,'Jl :) S AH,l S e t\l Si,l"1LJl

iii'U tid,i'6,,tt t uy,'5;r

!clo1,,z J otol ,,, r odt! ,t, t ori l'. 1',i'i I o.2t' itoi,' lc' '

,Ai-i6j i;;\lrj c, 7u,ry c-r.rl - &.PUcJ L; JJll Sb

C. 0 / /'fu),',t

C

89

Allahumma lakal hamdAnta Qayyimas samawati wal ardi wama

fihinna walakal hamdu lala mulkus samawati wal ardi waman fihinna

walakal Hamd, AntaNurus samawati wal ardi waman Fihinna.

Walakal Hamdu antal Haqq, Wawa dukal Haqq' Waliqaoka haqq'

Waqoaluka haqq. Wal Jannatu Haqq' Wannaruka Haqq Wanna

bilyoona haqq. wa muhammadun sallal lahu alaiyhi wasallamahaqq

wassa atu haqq.

Al lahumma laka Aslamt. wabika Amant, wa alayka Tawakkalt,

wa ilayka anabtu wabika Khasamt, wa ilayka Hakamt, Faghfirli ma

Qaddamtu wama akh khart. wama asrartu wama a lant, wama anta

irlamu bihi minni Antal Muqaddimu wa antal mu akhir la ilaha illa

anl wala Howla wala Qowwata illa billah'

All Praise is due to You. O'Allah you are the sustainer ofthe Heavens

and the Earth and whatever is in them. Praise be to you. Yours is the

domain ofthe Heavens and the Earth and whatever is in them' Praise

betoYou.YouraethelightoftheHeavensandtheEarthandwhat-ever is in them Praise be to You.

YouaretheTruth.YourpromiseistruemeetingwithYouistrue. your word is true Paiadise is true Hell is true, the Hour (of

judgement) is true.

O'Allah unto you do I submit, in You do I believe' upon You

do I depend, unto you do I turn' For You do I contend; unto

you dol.rk3udgi*ent. so forgive me for what I did and will

do, for what f consealed, and what I declared and for that of

which You are more knowledgeable than me'

YouaretheexpediterandYouare+hedeferrer.Thereisnodeity but You. And there is no ability or power except.by the

leave ofAllah. @ukari)

90

141. THE RECOMMENDED TIME FORTAHAJJUD

Tahajjud Prayer may be performed in the early part ofthe night, the

middle part of the night, or the latter part of the night, but after the

obligatory Salatullsha

The best time for it is the last third portion of the night.

The Tahajjud Prayer does not entail a specific number of Rakatwhich must be performed nor is there any maximum limit whichhas to be performed.It is preferable to pray eleven or thirteen Rakat:Aisha says: The Messenger ofAllah never prayed more than eleven

Rakat during the Ramadan or otherwise:

@ukari,Musiim)"And part of the night awake for Prayer, a largess for thee, It may

be that thy Lord will raise thee to a Praised position (Quran 17:79)

r42. TARAWIH (RAMADAN) PRAYER

This Prayer is offered during the month of Ramadan after Isha

salah. This consist of eight or according to others twenty Rakat

and are offered two by two with a short rest between every fourRakat. They may said alone but collective Praygrs are recom-

mended.Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban have recorded in their sahihs on

the authority of Jabir that the Prophet prayed eight Rakat and the

Witr Prayer with the companions. Then the next day, the people

waited for him but he did not come out to them.It is not the number of Rakat that is counted here but the piety of a

person who offers the Prayer.

Note:Imam malik is of the view that Tarawih is thirty six Rakat with-out Wit Al Zrkani says : And Ibn Hibban mentioaed that in the begining

Tarawih Prayer was eleven Rakat. As they prolonged reciation in them

91

the people found it tiresome. So they shortened the recitation and in-creased the number of Rakat: they prayed twenty Rakat with moder-ate recitation. This did not include Wit Later one recitation was stillfrrther shortened andtheyprayed thirty six Rakat beside Witr

143. THE DUHA PRAYER (SALATUL DUHA)

The Messenger of Allah used to pray four Rakat in Duha Prayerand added whatever Allah wished for him.

Narrated Aisha (Ral) (Muslim)Note:Let it be known that Ishraq, salat ul Awwabin and Duha are differentnames that stand for identically the same forenoon Prayer. The time ofthis Prayer starts with the sunrise and goes on rintil one fourth of theday. the least number of Rakat of duha Prayer are two and the maxi-mum are twelve. The preferable among them are four which is sup-ported and approved by the Ahadith of the Prophet (E). it mayalso be remembered thatthis Prayer is a sunnah offormerMessengersas they used to offer it during their times. Hence this Prayer is a sunnah

and mustahab (desirable). As to the matter ofthis Prayerbeing calledan (innovation) Bid'a by Umar (Ral) it only alludes to the fact that ifsomeone develops a habit of continually offering it, it may be regarded

as an innovation, as the Prophet ($i) did not always offer it.

@ulughAlmararn)Abu Hurairah (Ral) says: My friend (the Messenger ofAllah) advised

me to do three things: fasting three days of every month, praying the

duha Prayer, and praying the Witr Prayer before I sleep"(Bukhari ,Muslim)

144 . Recommended time for the duha PrayerThe time for duha Prayer begins when the sun is about a spear'slength above the horizon and it continues until the sun reaches itsmeridian. It is prefered to delay it until the sun has risen high and

the dayhas become hot.

92

b). After Dua Prayers any particular dua is not specified but the followingcan be recited ifone wishes.

,f ,fJ

2 o e -. 1a o , -t 2 o t-6jr+*-S lJ*rr-?-o CID Cll_l

2oe 71 11 o - -t 2 o t-q-rr!s-s lJ44l"1 a;LJ g!_o

A3q;q;ltJ a3, , L ,"it At:.-],Lrl

J|-5 jlr il;;l-l 2t*J,11a o . l. - o rf r{-:.rs.Le rra!}l

-S't -- \l-t oor'i t.t- - - ri6xti t-lF iL( alJ

t

dgl{+_! clBlr ; fi-r-r_ - -. - t - , 2

drJr r!t-qglUUl dljjrr-i"E-i-3Jdll ; i_!

"i;+jL;JlAllahumma innadh uhaa'a duha uka wal bahaa a bahaa ukawaljamalajamaluka wal quwwata quwwatuka wal qudaratawal qudaratuka, walismata ismatukaAllahumm a nkaanaizqee fi s samaa i fa anzil hu wa inkaana fil ardhi fa akhdj hu wa inhu wa in kaana ba eedam, fa qarrib hubu haqqi duhaaika wa bahaaika wa jamaalika wa quwwatika waqudratika aatine e maa a' taitaibaadikas saliheen.

O'Allah the forenoon time is Your time. The Glory is your Glorythe beauty is Your Beauty, the Strength is Your Strength. The poweris your Power and the Protection is your Protection. O'Lord If mysustenance is in the Heavens, bring it down: if it is buried in theearth, Unearth it: if it is difficult make it easy: if it is prohibitedmake itpure: if it is far, bring if near, and by virtue ofthe forenoonhour and ofYour glory and your beauty and your strength and yourpower, give me good as You have given good to Vour pious servanb.

93

14s. MISSED PRAYERS (QADA)

IftheProphet(#)missedthelatenightPrayers.duetopainoranythin else, he would pray twelve Rakat during the day'

(n ePorted bY Ahha (Ral) Mustim)

Umar (Ral) reports thatthe Prophet (E) said: whoever sleeps part

his fuli portion (of the late night Prayers) or a part of them' he

should pray between the dawn and noon Prayers and it would be

recordei for him as if he had prayed during the night'(reluted by u group exceptfor of Bukari)

Narrated Abu said Al Khudri (Ral) Allah's Messenger (S) said;

whoever oversleeps and misses the witr or he forgets it should

pray in the morning or when he remembers'(neported by At Khamsa except An nasai)

Note:One should know that should someone misses a Prayer out of a

sincereoblivionorduetohavingfallenasleep,heshallnotbebrought to account in both these cases and to that he shall get an

.q.riu*ount of reward as if he has offered a Prayer on time' but

itis prohibited to go to sleep at such a time when the time of a

certainPrayerisabouttoapproach.Incasesuchathinghappensinadvertanity and beyond one's capability and control' one shall

not be blamed for it. (rutugh Al ma ram P' 140)

146.PRAYERINCONGREGATIONAI\DTHEIMAMATE

Narrated .Abdullah bin Umar (Ral) Allah,s Messenger ($9) said;

ooAprayer offered in a congregation is twenty seven degrees more

rewardable than a Prayer offered by a single person'(Agreed upon)

Notg:In other narrations, the reward is reported to be as (25) times' It

dep"rdq on the calibre of the one offering the Prayer' The one who is

comparatively lower graded, is only eligible for(25)timesmore'

94

NanatedAbu Huraira (Ral)Allah's Messenger (#) said "By Him inwhose hand my soul is. I have thought ofgiving orders for fuel wood tobe gathered, then giving orders for Salat @rayer) and having theAZANcalled for, then ordering man to lead the people, then going offto somepeople who are not present at the Prayer and buming down their housesupon them.By Him in whose hand my soul is, if one ofthem knew hewould find a fat meaty bone ortwo fine sheep hooves he would attendthe Isha (evening) Prayer.

lAgreed upon, and tlte version is thut of Bukhari)

Note:We are informed through this Hadith that offering of a Prayer incongegatio nis Fardh Ain (individual duty had it been merely Fardhkifaya (collective duty) or sunnat muakkada (restictive) the Prophe(ffiwould not have used such harsh words for the people who shun at-tending congregational Prayers.

Narrated Abu Huraira (Ral) A blind man come to the Prophet (ffi)and said; "O Messenger ofAllah, I have no guide to take me to theMosque." He (the Prophet (ff) therefore permitted him (to pray athis house) then when the man turned away the Prophet (4f) calledhim asked, "Can you hearthe AZAN (call for Prayer) he answered'"YeE" he (the Prophet (Bf) said, Then respond to it."

(Muslim)Note:This blind person was none other than 'Abdullah bin Ummmaktum. After the instructions of the Prophet (#) he affended theMosque with such a constant regularity that he was at last ap-pointed a Muadh dhin (the call maker for a Prayer). As long as a handi-capped person is ordered strictly to attend the congregational Prayer.What about those who do not attend congregational Prayers withoutany excuse? The Prayer ofa handicapped person is acceptable athome, but he too does not get the reward of congregation.

95

This Hadith tells us that the inability to hear AZAN (call to Prayer) is

an excuse. As long as one has heard it, there is no excuse for him.

Among the excuses are: a hurricane, a rainfall, an extreme hunger,

defecation, urination and suffering from sickness etc. which are ac-

ceptable for not being able to join a congregational Prayer'

149. HEART RENDERING DU'AAT THE TIME OF UHUD

,{i

uJ

A J''[ {j e1 r .ii3.i;jr oi #i,,'ii .;ji.}l d ,stri 1

t1' {i .,r:i;l

Allahumma lakal hamdu kulluhuAllahumma la qaabidha lima basathta

wala basitha lima qabdhta wala Hadiya liman adhalta wala mudhilla

liman Hadaita, wala muhthiya lima manatr t4 wala mania a lima

Aathita, wala muqaniba limabaadta walamubal hida lima qarrabta

Allahummab sut alainamin barakatika waratrmatika wa fadhilika wa

rizqika Allahumma inni asaluka n na imal muqimalladzii_ larhulu wala

yazoolu, Allahumma inni As alaka n naima yaumal ailati, wal

youmal Khafi Allahumma inni aayidun bika min sharri ma aathaitana

wa min sharri manaha a tana, Allahumma habbib ilainnl Emama wa

Yi

96

zaiyan hu fii quloobina wa kan rih Ilainal Kufrna Wal fusooqa walEsyaana Waja alna minar rashideenAllatrummata Waffana Musliminawa alryina Muslimina wa al hikna bishaliheena ghairal l<hazzyawala,maftoo neenAllatrumma qatilil kafarata allazeena yukazi boona rasulakwa yashud doonaAnn sabilika wa aj al alaihim Rijzaka wa azabakaAllahumma qati lil kafaratallazeena wootul kitaba ilahal kiaqqi.

Meaning:O'Allah Your is the Praise. O'Allah There is none can withholdwhat You send, or send what you withhold, or guide whom Yousend astray, or misguide whomever You guide or give what youdeprive or deprive whom You give, or draw closer whom Youcast or cast whom You draw closer. O'Allah bestow on us fromYour Blessings. Mercy Grace and provisions. O'Allah I ask Youfor the Eternal delight that never ends or fades away. O'Allah Iask you for provision on the Day of deprivation and safety on theday of fear. O'Allah I seek refuge with You from the evil reper-cussions of what You have given us and from the evil of what Youhave deprived us of. O'Allah make faith dear to us and beautiff itin our hearts and make disbelief, Fusuq and Isydn hateful to us,and make us among the rightly guided. O Allah! Allow us to die asMuslims, live as Muslims and join us with the ranks of the righ-teous ones, without tasting humiliation or turmoil. O Allahl Fightthe disbelievers who deny Your Messengers and hinder others fromYour path; send on them Your torment and punishment, O'AllahFight the disbelievers who were given the Scriptures, the TrueGod. (Ahmad)

(fafstr lbn Kathir Vol.9 Eng. Tronslation Pn I9I-192Pub. Darul Salam Publishers. Riyadh)

1s0. TrrE PROPHET PRAYS (AT TArr)

This Prayerwas ufferedby Prophet Muhammad (#) in amoment of

97

deep distress. the idolators ofTaifhad driven him out ofthe city. The

rabble and slaves followed, hosting and pelting him with stones until

the evening wounded and bleeding, footsore and weary, he betook

himselftoPrayer.

O'Lord! I make my complaint unto Thee out of feebleness, and

the vanity of my wishes. I am insignificant in the sight of men- O

Thou most Merciful! Lord of the weak! Thou are my Lord! for-

sake me not. Leave me not a pray to strangers, nor to mine enemies. Ifthou a{e not offended. I am safe. I seek refuge in the light of Thy

countenance, by which all darkness is dispelled, and Peace cometh in

the Here and Hereafter. Solve Thou my difficulties as it please Thee.

There is no Power, not Strength save in Thee.'"

151. VIRTUES OF SALAT

The Prophet (49) is reported in many Ahadis to have said: "Allah

says, O' Son ofAdam 'Say four Rakats of salat in the early part ofthe day. I shall help thee in accomplishing all the jobs during the

rest of the day."It is said in Hadith'Salat is the cause ofAllah's pleasure, is loved

by Angels, is a tradition of the Prophets, gives enlightment about

Allah, causes the Prayers to be granted, blesses the daily bread, is

the root of lmaan, refreshes the body, is an arm against the enemy,

shall intercede for it adherent, is light in the darkness and com-

panion in the loneliness of the grave, is a reply to the questioning

of angels, is a shade against the fine of Hell, is a weight for the

seales of good deeds, is a means of swift crossing over Sirat and is a

keyto Paradise.

usman (Ral) is reported to have said: "Allah bestows nine favours on

a person who guards his salat and is particular ofperforming it at its

appointed hours; viz. He is loved byAllah, he enjoys good health, is

constantly under the protection of angels, his home is blessed, light ofrighteousness shines on his face, his heart is made soft, he shall cross

98

Sirat with the qpeed oflightfng, he is saved from Hell and his neighboun

in Paradise are those aboutwhomAllah has said.

"There shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve"(Quran 11:36)

152. PRAYER AND FORGETFULNESS

NarratedAbu Huraira (Ral) : The Prophet (4€) led us in two Rakat

of one of the two,'Zlhr'orAsr Prayers and said the Taslim (salu-

tation). He then got up and went towards a piece of wood which

was at the front part of the Mosque and placed his hands upon it.

Abu Bakr and Umar were among the people, but they were afraid

to speak to him. Then some one of the hasty type of people came

out and said. "has the salat (Prayer) been shortened?" A man whom

the Prophet (&g) called "Dhul Yadain" (the long Armed) stood up

(asking him) "Have you forgotten, O'Allah's Messenger or has

the Prayer been shortened? He said I have neither forgotten nor

has it been shortened." He said, indeed you have forgotten. He

(the Prophet (4€) then prayed the remaining two Rakat, then said

the Taslim (Salutation). He *ren uttered the Tiakbir and prostrated similar

to his normal prostration or longeq then raised up his head and uttered

the Takbir. then raised his head and uttered the Takbir.

(Agreed upon, and it is Bukhari's version)

Note: The Forgetfulness of the Prophet (fr) while being in the

Prayer, despite the fact that he was completely and utterly steeped

in a profound state of meditation while supplicating to Allah the Al-mighty, may be conshued as a prudently befitting measure and was in

fact meant all for the good. First of all, it had an educative purpose to

instruct the Ummah (nation) practically on the matters relate dto sahir(Forgetfulness) as to what its directives are and how to rectiff it, in

case, someone does face such sifuations.

Secondly, he wanted to instruct the ummah that despite his honour,

dignity and his exalted position ofbeing superior to all the creation, he

99

is still a human being and inherits all the human instincts such as eating,

drinking , sleeping waking up, Walking around" responding to the call

of rr"t ri", gettinglict ana Ulcoming cured etc' All the above human

qualities url to u! found in his person. He himself made a mention of

tiris act ofprudence, as the some shall follow in the Hadith nanated by

IbnMasud(Ral).Further the above Hadith clarifies that in case someone feels cer-

tainthathehascompletedhisPrayer,performssalam'getsrealiseshis fault by recolleition or someone else makes him remember

about it, his Prayer still remains valid provided he completes it

right away.

It is mentioned, in case of doubt, one should base it on the least

number. i.e., in case of being uncertain as to one prayed three or

four Rakat should count it as tkee as this is nearest to certainty'

Secondly, one should do according to what he is predominantly

sure about. (One may be guided according to his view which pre-

ponderantly tilts towards certainty)(Bulgh Al marum P' 121-123)

153. WHEN WASHING THE FACE IN ABLUTION

The washing of the face i.e' the parl of the head comprised from

toptobottombetweentheplacewherethehairusuallybeginsandthe extrimity of the lowei jaw bones, and from right to left be-

tween the ears. This includls also the part of the forehead upon

which the hair falls down, and the part of the head where the hair

has been cut, but does noiinclude ihe temples, i'e', the fwo white

spots to right and left of the forelocks' .r i^ -le p"" # tn. head where the hair has been cut is rightly

considered by nearly all learned men as belonging to the top of the

head and not to the face)

It is necessary to wash eyelashes, eyebrows' whiskers' moustache

100

and imperial both the hair and skin covered by it. Some jurist,however, contend that it is not obligatory to wash the skin coveredby the imperial when the latter is thick; and all agree that the beardneed be washed like the eyelids, etc. only when it is thin, but oth-erwise, merely on the surface. One learned author has even ad-vanced the opinion that a special ablution of the beard, and ingeneral of all the hair on the face is not obligatory.

lMinhaj -ET Thlibin By: Imam Nawavi (Rah))

1s4. ACTTONS THAT DO NOT NULLTFYABLUTION (WUDU)

Touching the sexual organ without any barrier (clothes, and soon) betw'een the hand and the organ. Burkra bin Safwan narratedthat the Prophet (ffi) said; "Whoever touches his sexual organcannot pray until he performs ablution." This hadith is related bythe five. AtTimidhi classified it as sahih andAl Bukhari called it themost authentic report on that topic. Malik ash Shafi, Ahmad and oth-ers also narrated it. In the narration ofAhmad and an Nasai, Bushraheard the Prophet (g) saying "Ablution is to be made by the one whotouches his sexual organs or touching somebody else's.

Ash Shafi related: Any man who touches his penis must performablution.i Any Woman who touches here vagina must performablution". Commenting on its authenticity,IbnAl eaiyyim quotesAl Hazimi who says, "That chain is Sahih. the Hanafiyyah are ofthe opinion based on the following Hadith, that touching the sexualorgan does not nullifi, the ablution. "A man asked the Prophet (ff) if aman who touches his penis has to perform ablution said the prophet(ffi) 'No itisjust apartofyou."S.elated by the five Ibn Hibban classified it as sahih, and Ibn al Madinisaid, "It is betterthan the hadith ofBushra 2

2. This laffer hadith was related by the companion Talk on this topic asSanani wrote, " The hadith of Bushrah is Sfonger. Bushrah's hadith is

101

supported by hadith related by twenty seven companions that are

recorded in the books of hadith. We interpret the hadith of (Talq) by

saying that it was the original order that occurred early in the post

llijrah period before the Prophet (#) had his Mosque built. It was

abiogaied by the hadith of Bushrah, as she entered Islarn later. And a

better argument than that of abrogation is that (Bushrah's hadith is

stronger. Most scholars of hadith consider it authentic. It has more

,"portr as supporting evidence for it. She related it in the home of,emigrants' and 'helpers'and none of them refuted her. And we know

that some of them agreed with what she said. 'UrwahAgree with what

she said, although before he objected to (that opinion). Ibn Umar used

to relate it from her and he did not stop making ablution after touching

his penis until lic died. SaysAl Baihaqi, 'the following suffices to consider

Bushrah's hadith stronger than Talq's. The people of the Sahih did not

relate frolr Talq. None ofthem argue by his narration. But all of them

argue by the hadith of Bushrah. Furthermore, the hadith ofTalq has

been narrated by Qais Ibn Talq. Ash shafi said, "I asked the people

abolt Qais Ibn Talq, and I found no one knew him. How then can we

accelrt his report?" Abu Hatirn and Abu Zura said, "Qais lbn Talq is

not a person rvho can be used as a proof'. cf., Mohammad as-san-

ani. Subul As Salam, Volum 1 P i 49. Ash Shafi Abu Hatim. Abu Zura,

Ad Daraqutni, Al Baihaqi and Ibn aj jouziconsider Talq's hadith as

weak. Al Hazimi Ibn Itibar, is also of the opinion that Talq's hadith is

abrogated.(niqn,ls Sunnah: By sayid sabiq Vol I, pp 36,37)

2. TouchingawomanBleeding from anulusual PlaceVornitofdoubts whether not one has released gas

LaughingduringPrayerwashing a dead person.

2 Ad Daraqutni also related it and it is sahih

r02

(nia pp 38,39)

Referencesl. Minhaj Et Talibin

(A manual of Muhammadan LawAccording to the school of ShafiiBy: MahiudinAbu ZakanaYahya Ibn Sharif enNawawiNavrang, Publishers . New Delhi 1992

2.Fiqh Us SunnahVol I, ilBy: As Sayyid SabiqAmerican Trust Publications 1989

3. A guide to Prayer in IslamBy: Abdul Karim SaqibPub. By. Revival of Islamic Heritage Society, Kuwait.

4. The Prophet's PrayerBy: Sheik Muhammad Nasirud Deen Al AlbaaniAl Haneef Publications 1993

5.lslamic Law Vol IBy F.S.A. MajeedPublished by : Ze Majeed's Singapore 1991

6. Bulugh Al MaramCompiled by: Al Hafrz Ibn HajarAl AsqalaniPublished by: Dar us Salam Publications. Riyadh S.Arabia

19967.pf ogtlujle$ prb Glpnqgo:e ( NabiWaliyilNarnThulugai)

By: Muhammad Iqbal MadaniPublished by: IAC Madurai 1991

103

8. SahihAl Bukhari Vol. I & ilEng Trans. By Dr. Mohammed Muhsin KhanMadina University PublicationMadinaMunawwara 1971

9. The rneaning and Message ofTraditions Vol. II -VBy: Moulana Muhammed Manzoor NuhmaniIslamic Research and publications Lucknow 1974

104

6. To rest still for a moment in that position.7. Standing erect after the bowing (itidaal)8. To rest still for a moment in that position.9. Prostration (Sujud) (rwo times)10. To rest still for a moment during the two prostrations.11. To sit between the two prostrations, this is called the Juloos

position.12. To rest still for a moment in the juloos position13. To sit for the last Rakah.14. To say the tashah hud in the last sitting position (Atta hayyat)15. To sit for the recital of Thshah hud16. To say the salawaat17.To say the first salam.18. To observe the tarteeb, that is to perform it in the order stated

above.

54.THE SUNNAH ACTS OF PRAYER

The sunnah acts of Praver are divided into fwo catesories:

1. The sunnah whilst in Prayer.They are the above mentioned:(i) Sunnah ab'aadh Prayer acts.(ii) Sunnah hay aat Prayer acts.

2. The sunnahs before Prayer.The sunnahs before Prayer are performed before praying .They are:

(i)TheAZAN (ii)TheiqaamahWe will discuss the sunnahs whilst in Prayer first before going onto the sunnahs before Prayer, InshaAllah

26

3. MaaAl Mutananiiis - lmnureWaterI. Impnre water is waterthat coutains impr.rrities. whethe? a little or a

lot and it has either changed in colour. taste or smell or it has not

changed in color-r. taste and smell'

TheLaw(Hukm)tbrthistypeofwateristhatthecleansingu'ith such water is not valid (Sahih)

II.Water Mixed with pure elements'-his category ,*1lr.1* water that has been mixed with sub-

Stanceslikesoap,saffron'flowersandsoon,thatis.objectsconsideredpurebytheshariah,suchwaterisconsideredpureas long as it has not been mixed with other substances that one

can no longer call it water'

6. NAJASAH - IMPURITIESImpurities (i.iajasah) refers to impure substances that the Muslim must

uuoia and wash off if they should happen to contaminate his clothes,

bodyandSoon.ThePrayerofaMuslimwhohassuchsubstancesonhis person wil not ue uatia until the person purifies himself accord-

ingly.

Examples of Naiasalt:The dog, pig, faeces, vomit, bloocl, liquid intoxicants' urine'

pus, milk of an animal whose meat is not consumed and carcasses other

than that of a rnan, insect and fish'

7. TYPES OF NAJASAH / IMPURITIES (NAJIS)

TheNajasahmentionedaboveareclassifitedintothreegroupsandeach group is cleansed differently' There are:

i.Mukhaffafahort,ight:Theurineofamalechilduntilheistwoyearsoldonthe.onditionthatthechildisfeedingorrmilkonly.

2. Mughall azhahor Heavy: The dog and the pig' Its body' meat'

bones, its tongue, its saliva, its sweat etc:

3. Mutawassitah or Moderate: others that do not belong to the iight

)

and hear,y groups like biood, Vomit, pus. nine. mil\ : - :- -_,i.is not halai, faeces. urine and carcasses other than th:t _ _ : :_

and fish. (lvfanee is not animpurityas a sign ofres:':: . : - -since he w'as created from it. One has however to tar:; ..-.: . lbath (ghusl) when there is emission ofmanee (speni

8. TO CLEANSE FROM NAJASAH ().{,n:The above different groups of Najasah have their re Sp-:., . : _

cleansing (Purifi cation)Thus, the

1. Mukhaffafah - (Light) Najassah is purified br.s:... . _ _ :rupon it thoroughlv. This must be done after wlpi:.- _ r _. : ,,. - :

2. N{uehallazhah (Hean,) Najassah is purified b1 ..,.., - _ .. : __.::seven times, one of the se\.en ri,ith dusty sand.

3. Mutawassitah (Moderate) Naj assah is purified b.. , : . : .

to flow over it if the Najassa is not seen but kl.-..,, -, . :.":(hukumiyyah) However if it is Literally a Najass-. : - _ ::seen (ainiyyah) then it is cleansed by washing it u i:: .. :": - *" "jcolour,smellortastedisappears.Thewatermus:iareas.

9. NAJASSAH THAT ARE PARDONABLTl. A little blood, pus or vomit for example, the bloo: .r_- - * .:-

quito which is human blood, or from a boil, pimpie .::

10. RECOMMENDED ETIQUETTES FORPASSING MOTION OR ISTINJAA

1. It is commendable or sunnah to step into the toile: . -" _: , : lfoot and to say:

g,,ili!l.l ,;,ii it &Allahumma innee a'oozhu bika minal khabuthi wa! i.q;r,ri ,', fl

Meaning:

-ta . o tt - :

dL.lq.c,l - i-' v \)l''

3. Viaa Al -\lutananiiis - lmpure Wateri. L-nn,.re r.. a:er is u,'aterthat coutait-ts impurities. Whether a iittle or a

loi ar: .: ::as either changed in colour. taste or smeil or it has not

cha;r:e: i: color-u. taste and srneli.

Tr: Larl' (Hukm) for this type of \\'atef is that the cieansingu:::: s,;cr-r water is not valid (Sahih)

ii.\\ ater }Iixed with pureglerneq[s.fhls category includes water that has been mixed rvith sub-

siances like soap, saffron, flowers and so on. that is. objects

considered pure by the shariah, such water is considered pure

as long as it has not been mixed with other substauces that one

can no lonser call it water.

6. NAJASAH - IMPURITIESimpurities (itiajasah) refers to impure substances that the Muslim mustavoid and wash off if they should happen to contaminate his clothes,

body and so on. The Prayer of a Muslim who has such substances onhis person lvii not be valid until the person purifies himself accord-:rgly.

Examples of .\'tjasah:.:.: j,-g. ::g. laeces. r'omit. blood. liquid intox:cants. urine.

::s.:t:-i,-:':--::-.:-'.'.:t.-sen3atisnotcous'*:ttela::J3:aass3sother::-:: ::;: c -, :-.-.:. .:-i-:: ::: :-:=:

-. T\ PES OF \ {J \S \H I\IPL zuTIES (\AJIS)l.-: \r :: L l-*.:L-. -:: ::'-.; :I: : r-.=-:l:;::tO thrge gfOtrpS and

* -, --. -:. -: - - -.::--.': : * i. =- = ---:. . l--.::: a:e:

- l.l-'*.::---:-- - - -.-: l.:= -:-:.: ria male child Lrntil he is two'.-':: : t -I ..-.: - 1.....:'-:-3: t;re chilcl is feeding on milk only.

i. )'l-;... ,:-.--:-- -:::e.i-,': -:re dog and the pig. Its body. meat.

n-:as. t*i:--:-J*3" ::. sr'i.''t* iis srveat etc:

l. \litauass::.: -': \lcieraie: Others that do not belong to the iignt

)