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Shaayaan Sayed, Sundus Sheraz, Jackson Schroeder: Purple
SONGHAI EMPIRE: SPREAD OF ISLAM
• Lasted From the 1430s to 1591
• Located in Eastern Africa along what is now the Niger River
• Known as one of Africa’s greatest and largest empires
THE SONGHAI EMPIRE
• Songhai states emerged as early as 800 CE in a city named Gao located in Eastern Mali
• First dynasty was the Dia followed by most prominent Sunni Dynasty (18 Kings)—Established soon after the decline of the Mali Empire
• The Songhai made their capital Gao and started expanding
• The Songhai Empire collapses when Moorish soldiers conquered major cities such as Gao and Timbuktu, and took over trade routes.
BEGINNING AND END
TIMBUKTU/GAO
Timbuktu
Gao
SPREAD OF ISLAM
• First Emperor to accept Islam was Dia Kossoi of the Dia Dynasty in 1010 A.D—Responsible for early Songhay Civilization
• Spread of Islam Facilitated mainly though the African Gold Trade
ISLAM IN THE SONGHAY EMPIRE
• Mali area in East Africa was rich with gold mines and salt deposits
• Mali was known as the “Land of the Gold” for this reason
• Major trading hubs include Goa (capital city) and Timbuktu
• Mostly traded with the Akan state in Guinea
TRADE: WHAT AND WHERE?
SONGHAY EMPIRE
• Songhay empire controlled the major caravan routes
• African gold trade mobilized thousands of Africans to join in
• Trading caused interaction of people and different cultures
• Many people converted to Islam after seeing the prosperity and success of the Songhay Empire
• The gold trade increased exponentially under the reign of the Askia dynasty (Askia Muhammad II, Askia Ismail, Askia Ishaq)
TRADE AND SPREAD OF ISLAM
IMPACTS AND EFFECTS
• Social conflict erupted between civilians and Muslim scholars
• Many people practiced a lifestyle of Islam merged with pagan beliefs
• Muslim clerics and jurists wanted stricter laws based off of the teachings of the Qur'an and the Hadith
SOCIAL
• Songhay Empire soon adopted Sharia Law which mainly included aspects of Criminal Justice
• Qadis or judges were appointed to maintain justice and enforce the law
• Sharia is a code of conduct and religious law in accordance to the teachings of Islam
INTELLECTUAL
• As the Songhay Empire stretched further and further, Islam united a vast empire
• This made it easier to facilitate trade creating more revenue and thus bringing economical benefits
• Trade drastically increased under the religion of Islam
ECONOMICAL