S&H Machinery p2

8/20/2019 S&H Machinery p2

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Safety and health in the use of machinery

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General obligations, responsibilities and duties

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2.4.8. Decommissioning and disposal

2.4.9. Competence, education and training of workers

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2.4.10. Recording and notification of accidents and diseases

to the competent authority

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2.5. Worker participation

2.5.1. Workers’ responsibilities


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2.5.2. Workers’ rights

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2.6. Cooperation

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P ART II. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFIC MEASURES


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The relevant sections of this part should be used by manufacturers and

suppliers to ensure that machinery is designed and constructed in such

The relevant sections of this part should be used by employers to assess

3. General statements on the workingenvironment

3.1. Materials and products

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3.2. Lighting

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3.3. Design of machinery to facilitate its handling

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General statements on the working environment

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3.4. Ergonomics

3.4.1. Considerations at the design and manufacturing stages

fatigue and physical and psychological stress faced by the operator

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4 8 Figure 5. Ergonomic factors

Operatorsvariability

Allowing for the

variability of

the operators:

of the parts of the

to the foreseeabl

of the operators:

Reduction of possible negative consequences

Physical

stress

Discomfort

Space formovements

Work rate Concentration Human–mach

interface

Psychological

stress

Discomfort Fatigue

Under the intendedcondition of use ofthe machinery, thediscomfort, fatigue,and physical andpsychological stressfaced by the operatorshould be reduced.


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Explanatory notes:

(i) Work can be static or dynamic: in static work, the load is held in a stationary position (“static” means stati

or fixed); static exertions refer to physical exertions (such as gripping, holding a posture) in which the same

ition or posture is held throughout the exertion (also referred to as “static loading”). In dynamic work, bot

load and the worker move. Work can be classed as sedentary, moderate or strenuous. Static work is far

demanding on the body and body structures than dynamic work.

(ii) Physical dimension: for example, the height, reach and body stature or type. It is the measurement of h

body characteristics such as size and shape (breadth, girth and distance between anatomical points). It

includes segment masses, the centres of gravity of body segments and the ranges of joint motion, whic

used in biomechanical analyses of work postures.

(iii) Strength: for example, the degree of musculoskeletal capability and the capacity to produce force or to

with voluntary muscle contraction. Maximum strength is defined as the capacity to produce force or torque

a maximum voluntary muscle contraction.

(iv) Stamina: the mental and physical ability to concentrate and carry out the work.

(v) Posture: the position the body takes or is required to take while undertaking work.

(vi) Dynamic factor: the ability of the worker to move around the workstation and the biomechanical aspects o

human body in motion.

(vii) Pace: controlling the worker’s rate of work through external means.

(viii) Speed: the speed of movement required to carry out the task.

(ix) Vigilance: the ability to remain alert, including the ability to respond to sensory stimuli and alarms durin

period of work.

(x) Mental operations: the mental processing required for repetitive and complex mental operations througho

performance of the task.

(xi) Visual factor: display screens, dials, signs, symbols, etc.

(xii) Auditory factor: alarms, sirens, warning bells, etc.

(xiii) Sensitivity: the ability to detect or respond to slight changes, signals or influences.

(xiv) Sensory: touch, vibration, heat, cold, etc.


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3.4.1.4. Adjustable features

3.5. Operating positions

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3.6. Seating

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General statements on the working environment

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4. Control systems

4.1. Safety and reliability of control systems

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Control systems

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4.2. Control devices

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Control systems

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4.3. Starting

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4.4. Stopping

4.4.1. Normal stop

4.4.2. Operational stop

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4.4.3. Emergency stop

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Control systems

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4.4.4. Assembly of machinery


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4.4.5. Selection of control or operating modes

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and


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Control systems

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4.5. Failure of the energy source

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5. Machinery guarding and protectionagainst mechanical hazards

5.1. Risk of loss of stability

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5.2. Risk of break-up during operation

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Machinery guarding and protection against mechanical hazards

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5.3. Risks due to falling or ejected objects

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5.4. Risks due to surfaces, edges or angles

5.5. Risks related to combined machinery

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5.6. Risks related to variations in operating conditions


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5.9. Moving transmission parts

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5.10. Moving parts involved in the process

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5.11. Risks of uncontrolled movements

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5.12. General requirements for guards

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5.13. Special requirements for guards

5.13.1. Fixed guards

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5.13.2. Interlocking movable guards

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5.14. Adjustable guards restricting access

5.15. Special requirements for protective devices

and


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6. Machinery guarding and protectionagainst other hazards

6.1. Electricity supply

6.2. Static electricity

6.3. Energy supply other than electricity

6.4. Errors in fitting

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6.5. Extreme temperatures

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6.6. Effect of climate

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Machinery guarding and protection against other hazards

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6.7. Fire

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6.8. Explosion

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6.9. Noise

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6.10. Vibration

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6.11. Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation arising

from the machinery

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6.12. External radiation

6.13. Laser radiation

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6.14. Emissions of hazardous materials and substances

6.15. Risk of being trapped in machinery


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6.16. Risk of slipping, tripping or falling

6.17. Lightning

6.18. Access to operating positions and servicing points

6.19. Isolation of energy sources


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6.20. Worker intervention

6.21. Cleaning of internal parts


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7. Information and marking

7.1. Information and information devices

7.2. Warning devices

standards concerning colours and safety and health signals should be

7.3. Warning of residual risks


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7.4. Marking of machinery

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8. Supplementary measures relatingto specific machinery types

8.1. Portable hand-held and hand-guided machinery

(such as chainsaws, hedge trimmers, cartridge-

operated tools, grinders, etc.)

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8.2. Portable impact fixing machinery

(pneumatic and explosive cartridge activated)

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8.3. Machinery for working wood and material with similar

physical characteristics (such as circular saws, band

saws, planing and thicknessing machinery)


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Supplementary measures relating to specific machinery types

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8.4. Machinery presenting hazards due to its mobility

(such as vehicles, earth-moving machinery, excavators,

harvesters and tractors) (see Appendix II, Section 1,

for detailed technical information)

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8.5. Lifting machinery (such as cranes and hoists)

(see Appendix II, Section 2, for detailed technical

information)

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Supplementary measures relating to specific machinery types

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Bibliography

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1. Relevant ILO Conventions and Recommendations

1.1. Fundamental ILO Conventions and accompanying

Recommendations

Freedom of association

The elimination of forced labour

Documents

S&H Machinery p2