SCANSIM TUTORIAL
SCANSIM TUTORIAL DRAFTSGU01E01
SCANSIM TUTORIAL
SGU01E01
NON RADAR/RADAR/TOWER SIMULATORS
SCANSIM
Version 0.1 (DRAFT)
AUGUST 1999
Sofravia-Service3, Carrefour de Weiden
92441 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex FRANCE
Tel : 33.(0)1.41.23.56.50
Fax : 33.(0)1.46.38.26.78
Email : [email protected]
Sofravia-Service3, Carrefour de Weiden
92441 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex
FRANCETel : 33.(0)1.41.23.56.50
Fax : 33.(0)1.46.38.26.78
Email : [email protected]
Title :
SCANSIM TUTORIAL
- Disclosure, reproduction and use strictly forbidden without
prior written permission -
Ref :SGU01E01
Ver :
Date of Issue :16/08/99
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Authors :Sofreavia-Service
File Name : SGU01E01.doc
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0.1AllDRAFTHB/NG/LG16/08/99
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IPF General ManagerF.P.MARTINOLI16/08/99
SUMMARY
3SUMMARY
Chapter 1 : How to create geographical databases?61.1.
Chronological approach71.2. Airspace71.3. Fixes91.4.
instructions101.4.1. Introduction101.4.2. Description of the atomic
instructions101.4.3. Complex instruction191.4.4. Conditions201.5.
trajectories201.5.1. Introduction201.6. videomaps and special
zones301.7. other functions311.7.1. Sectors311.7.2. Radars321.7.3.
QNH Grid321.7.4. Projection321.7.5. Attach32Chapter 2 : How to
create an exercise?342.1. start up scanprep342.2. Create flight
plans342.3. Create workload and control load352.3.1. Weightings
file352.3.2. Workload and control load362.4. generate and play an
exercise37
LIST OF FIGURES
5Figure 1 : TMA map of Poitiers
Figure 2 : Basic geographical database6Figure 3 : Airspace
example8Figure 4 : Map centre example8Figure 5 : Fixes
example9Figure 6 : Direct to beacon example10Figure 7 : Holding
example11Figure 8 : Holding pattern over PI11Figure 9 : DME Arc
example12Figure 10 : ILS with GP example13Figure 11 : Missed
approach example14Figure 12 : example of a base turn15Figure 13 :
example of a 45/180 procedure turn16Figure 14 : example of an
80/260 procedure turn17Figure 15 : Heading assignment
example17Figure 16 : Level assignment example18Figure 17 : Speed
assignment example18Figure 18 : VOR example19Figure 19 : Landing
example19Figure 20 : Example of complex instruction20Figure 21 :
example of an approach trajectory21Figure 22 : STAR BALAN1D22Figure
23 : example of an arrival trajectory23Figure 24 : complex
instruction associated to this arrival24Figure 25 : SID rwy21 OMARI
1S24Figure 26 : example of a departure trajectory25Figure 27 :
Missed approach rwy2126Figure 28 : example of a go_around
trajectory27Figure 29 : first complex associated to this
trajectory28Figure 30 : second complex associated to this
trajectory28Figure 31 : example of an overflight trajectory29Figure
32 : example of a runway trajectory29Figure 33 : example of a
videomap : TMA Poitiers31Figure 34 : example of a sector31Figure 35
: QNH grid example32Figure 36 : Attach example33Figure 37 :
Example35Figure 38 : example of a flight plan35Figure 39 : example
of workloads36Figure 40 : example of control loads36Figure 41 : the
exercise is running...37
OVERVIEW
This tutorial is a complement of the different users manuals. To
run a simulation with SCANRAD, you have to define geographical
databases with SCANGEO and then to create your exercise with
SCANPREP.
We will also create an example to illustrate the explanation. We
have created a basic geography data example from Poitiers area.
Figure 1 : TMA map of Poitiers
Figure 2 : Basic geographical database
Advises : when you give a name to a fix, an instruction or a
trajectory, try to be logical in your denomination to avoid
confusing. We will give you some examples.
Conventions :
This icon will help you to find the given examples.
This icon is a warning.
*
In the dialogs windows, items with this symbol are
mandatory.Chapter 1 : How to create geographical databases?
1.1. Chronological approach
To create a new geography, its first necessary to create an
airspace.
Then, create some fixes.
Create instructions.
Create trajectories using fixes and/or instructions. Be careful,
you must have two fixes minimum to create an instruction.
Create videomaps.
This is the main data to create an exercise.
But you have also other functions : create different sectors if
you want to run multi-sector exercise, change the projection,
create detected and none-detected areas (radar definition), QNH
grid, associate trajectories with the appropriate sectors in
multi-sector position with the attach function.
1.2. Airspace
The airspace will be the space where the exercise will be
played
Select airspace in the menu bar.
File the items Airspace name and Map centre. The map centre will
be the reference point of the exercise.
Enter the coordonnees of the map centre in the fixes window
using ICAO format : Latitude: DDMMSS (N should be replaced by S,
Southern Hemisphere) and Longitude: DDDMMSS (E should be replaced
by W).
When saving the map centre, the point is displayed in the main
screen.
The menu bar is completed excepted trajectories and videomaps
(you need at least two fixes to get this menu).
EXAMPLE :
We have in the following example created an airspace named
POITIERS. Its map centre is named POI ; its defined with Latitude
and Longitude as shown above. We also have defined an airport at
this point ; its altitude is 420 fts. Three Wind layers are set at
FL100, FL200, and FL300. The wind will be defined in SCANPREP in
the weather report. The scale by default is 30 NM.
Figure 3 : Airspace example
Figure 4 : Map centre example
1.3. Fixes
Enter the name of your point.
Select type :
BEA as Beacon : when overflying this point, a radio-message is
generated on the pilot position in the frequency window
FIC as Fictive : no radio-message will be generated and the
point wont be displayed
TAXI as ground fixes (i.e. runway definition, parking
position)
TMA as first point for a STAR
Select display to define your fix as a beacon (TACAN, VOR...) or
as a figure (CIRCLE, CROSS...).
The status of the point can also be selected.
Choose how you want to define the coordonnees of your point.
Limits :
Two points cant have the same name
Its possible to define two different points with the same
coordonnees
The instruction Direct to beacon will be performed only with a
fix defined as BEA
A trajectory must contain at least one fix defined as BEA
EXAMPLE:
Figure 5 : Fixes example
We have here created a Beacon NDB named PI. Its coordonnees are
displayed in distance bearing from POI. The NDB symbol is the same
as in ICAO maps.
1.4. instructions
1.4.1. Introduction
An instruction in SCANGEO is similar to an ATC instruction. It
has automatically consequences on the flight segment. It is
identified with its type and its name.
There are two types of instructions :
Atomic instructions
Complex instructions (few atomic instructions)
An instruction modifies altitude or level, speed or heading.
An instruction can be used to create a trajectory in SCANGEO or
to modify the evolution of an aircraft in SCANRAD.
1.4.2. Description of the atomic instructions
1.4.2.1. Direct to beacon
Allows proceeding to a specific beacon with turn hand defined in
the right item.
EXAMPLE :
A Direct to beacon instruction can be named as follows :
DCT_xxx
Figure 6 : Direct to beacon example
When this instruction is used, the aircraft turns right direct
to PI.
1.4.2.2. Holding
Used to create a holding pattern over a beacon.
EXAMPLE:
A Holding instruction can be named as follows : HOLD_xxx
Figure 7 : Holding exampleWhen this instruction is used, the
aircraft holds over PI. The speed is 220 kts by default.
Figure 8 : Holding pattern over PI
1.4.2.3. DME Arc
Used to create an arc around a point with a special range from
this point. The turn hand defines the direction around the point.
The limit of this instruction can be defined.
EXAMPLE:
A DME Arc instruction can be named as follows : ARC_xxx
Figure 9 : DME Arc example
When this instruction is used, the aircraft will intercept at a
range of 14 NM to PT an arc by left to perform a right turn around
PT. In that case, the instruction limit is the radial 042 from
POI.
1.4.2.4. ILS with GP and ILS wo GP
Be careful : To create such an instruction, you must first have
defined a localizer beacon in the fixes menu and a missed approach
route in the trajectories menu.
These instructions allow performing interception of a localizer
and a Glide Path (if the ILS with GP is selected) procedure with
operational minima if defined.
ILS with GP :
GP/Threshold range : this value can be modify in case of
displayed threshold
Localizer diffusion bearing : opposite of the landings
heading
Interception angle : the heading of the aircraft must be < or
= to the interception angle to lock on the localizer
Procedure altitude : altitude defined in the IAC to perform the
procedure
EXAMPLE:
An ILS with GP instruction can be named as follows :
ILS_rwyname
Figure 10 : ILS with GP example
We have taken all these information from the following document
:
This ILS instruction refers to the runway 21. The localizer
LLZ21 is defined as a beacon in the fixes menu. The missed approach
route is defined in the trajectories menu as follows. In this case,
we have define operational minima subject to the weather report
define in SCANPREP. For example, if the weather report is VH=500m
and ceiling=100m, the aircraft will perform automatically the
missed approach.
Figure 11 : Missed approach example
An ILS wo GP instruction can be named as follows :
ILSwo_rwyname.
In this case, we have to define a Final Approach Fix (FAF).
1.4.2.5. Base turn
EXAMPLE :
A Base turn instruction can be named as follows :
BASETURN_xxx
Figure 12 : example of a base turn
In this case, the aircraft from category C, D or E perform
automatically the base turn shown above.
1.4.2.6. 45/180 procedure turn
EXAMPLE :
A 45/180 procedure turn instruction can be named as follows :
45_180PRO_TURN_xxx
Figure 13 : example of a 45/180 procedure turn
1.4.2.7. 80/260 procedure turn
EXAMPLE :
An 80/260 procedure turn instruction can be named as follows :
80_260PRO_TURN_xxx
Figure 14 : example of an 80/260 procedure turn
1.4.2.8. Heading assignment
EXAMPLE :
A Heading assignment instruction can be named as follows :
HEAD_xxx
Figure 15 : Heading assignment example
When this instruction is used, the aircraft will turn right
until it reaches the heading 135.
1.4.2.9. Level assignment
EXAMPLE :
A Level assignment instruction can be named as follows :
FL_xxx
Figure 16 : Level assignment example
When this instruction is used, the aircraft will perform the
requested altitude : 1500ft.
1.4.2.10. Speed assignment
EXAMPLE :
A Speed assignment instruction can be named as follows :
SPD_xxx
Figure 17 : Speed assignment example
When this instruction is used, the aircraft will perform the
requested speed : 200kts
1.4.2.11. VOR
Allows following radial from a reference beacon.
EXAMPLE :
A VOR instruction can be named as follows : VOR_xxx
Figure 18 : VOR example
When this instruction is selected, the aircraft will follow the
radial 089 from POI with an interception angle of 90 degrees
maximum and the aircraft will indefinitely follow the radial
089.
1.4.2.12. Landing
Allows to land on a runway without ILS procedure.
EXAMPLE :
A Landing instruction can be named as follows : LAND_rwyname
Figure 19 : Landing example
When this instruction is used, the aircraft will perform
automatically a visual circuit and landing for the runway 21.
1.4.3. Complex instruction
A complex instruction is a group of atomic instructions. They
are all taken into account at the same time if Without activation
condition is selected in each atomic instruction (cf. : Conditions)
. But with Activation or Triggering conditions, you can define a
sequence of instructions.
If you select Activation in the complex instruction, the
activation conditions of the atomic instructions are deleted but
the triggering conditions are still valid.
EXAMPLE:
Figure 20 : Example of complex instruction
We have here created a complex. There are three atomic
instructions.
The atomic instructions are displayed like follows :
Instruction-name/Condition)/Instruction-type. The condition is ()
if it is without conditions, (A) if there is an activation
condition.
When this instruction is selected, the aircraft will adopt a
speed of 200 kts, follow the arc 14 NM from PT, and climb to
FL30.
1.4.4. Conditions
In an instruction dialog window, there are two boxes :
Activation and Triggering. When selected, another window is
displayed.
If Without condition is selected, the instruction runs according
to the sequence. Otherwise, you can have two levels of conditions
(Activation : first level ; Triggering : second level) to activate
an instruction. You can select both but activation will be taken
into account first. These two conditions can be a specific time, an
aircraft position or an aircraft configuration.
1.5. trajectories
1.5.1. Introduction
A trajectory is a sequence of available points. You can
associate an instruction defined previously to each point. If no
instruction is associated to the points, the aircraft will proceed
from point 1 to point 2.
The route of the aircraft defined in SCANPREP, can be an
association of different trajectories.
EXAMPLE :
An Arrival trajectory, an Approach trajectory and a runway
trajectory compose a STAR.
Be careful :
The last point of a trajectory must be the same as the first
point of the next trajectory
A trajectory must have at least a point with the BEA type
An arrival must follow at least a Arrival trajectory, an
Approach trajectory, a Runway trajectory or a go_around
trajectory
A departure must follow at least a Runway trajectory or a
departure trajectory
An overflight can only follow overflight trajectory
When a heading modification instruction is associated to a point
(Heading, Arc DME, VOR...), before entering the next beacon add a
Direct Beacon instruction with activation (c.f. : Figure 29).
Otherwise the aircraft doesnt proceed to the next beacon
1.5.1.1. Approach
An Approach trajectory can be named as follows : APP_xxx
Figure 21 : example of an approach trajectory
When this instruction is selected the aircraft will proceed the
beacon PI with the instruction ILS21 associated and the second
point is the threshold 21. In this case, the aircraft performs an
ILS procedure with landing.
1.5.1.2. Arrival
An Arrival trajectory can be named as follows : ARR_xxx
Figure 22 : STAR BALAN1D
In this case, the STAR starts at BALAN. We associate the
instruction FL40 to this point. Then we create a fictive beacon
296BALAN12NM with the complex instruction COMP_BALAN1D as requested
on the reference map : following arc 14 NM from PT, descending
3000fts and reducing speed to 200kts. Then we had the fictive point
042PI15NM to perform the turn to join PI .
Figure 23 : example of an arrival trajectory
Figure 24 : complex instruction associated to this arrival
1.5.1.3. Departure
A Departure trajectory can be named as follows : DEP_xxx
Figure 25 : SID rwy21 OMARI 1S
In this case, we create a fictive point 214THR031NM to define
the beginning of the turn at 500 AAL. We associate the instruction
direct to PI and then the fixes PI and OMARI.
Figure 26 : example of a departure trajectory
1.5.1.4. Go_around
A Go_around trajectory can be named as follows : MISSAPP_xxx
Figure 27 : Missed approach rwy21
Figure 28 : example of a go_around trajectory
Figure 29 : first complex associated to this trajectory
Figure 30 : second complex associated to this trajectory
This go_around trajectory is the missed-approach trajectory
displayed in red on the map. We create two complex instructions :
the first one associated to the point 214PT3NM (climb 4000fts and
turn left heading 044) and the second one to a fictive point
095PT6NM (intercept 089 VOR radial POI and direct to beacon PI that
has two conditions of activation : established on the 089 and
steady at 4000fts.
1.5.1.5. Overflight
An Overflight trajectory can be named as follows : OVER_xxx
Figure 31 : example of an overflight trajectory
We have created here an overflight trajectory from AMB to VERAC
by selecting six points. It is displayed in red thin line on the
screen.
1.5.1.6. Runway
A Runway trajectory can be named as follows : RWY_xxx
Figure 32 : example of a runway trajectory
We have here created the runway 2103 (displayed in red). The THR
points defined in the fixes menu are threshold points.
1.6. videomaps and special zones
Used to create specific areas : ATC areas like CTR, TMA or
military zones. You can use polygons or arcs to create them. You
can also combine both. Select some points in the Available points
window to display the required zone.
EXAMPLE :
To create the following videomaps, there are two steps. First,
we have created the polygon videomap by selecting the required
points. This videomap is named 3_PO, because it deals with the TMA3
and it is a polygon videomap. Then, we have created the arc
videomap by defining the reference point, the radius of the arc,
the start an end bearing. This videomap is named 3_AR, because it
deals with the TMA3 and it is an arc videomap.
:
Figure 33 : example of a videomap : TMA Poitiers
1.7. other functions
1.7.1. Sectors
Used to define some precise sectors.
You can define a sector by selecting fixes and/or airports. When
you select fixes, you can associate to these a range of level. It
is also possible to define a sector border and to associate a
control type (ACC : Air Control Centre ;APP : Approach) to each
sector ; by default, there is no sector border and the control type
is ACC. The sector border, defined previously in the Videomaps
menu, allows having a different background for each sector on the
controller position.
EXAMPLE :
Figure 34 : example of a sector
In this example, the sector border is defined in the videomap
menu and includes the fixes on the left box.
1.7.2. Radars
You can create detected en non-detected zones with the radar
menu.
To create a radar zone, you can :
1. Create a cylindrical zone :
With its name, its centre, its radius and its height
2. Define the radar :
Give a name to your radar and choose its position (its the place
where the radar will be located). Observe that all cylindrical
areas you have created are displayed in the list of radar
zones.
The radars type must be chosen : primary or secondary radar.
You can create detected or non-detected areas (to symbolise
airport behind a mountain, for example). A detected zone can cover
a part of a non-detected zone and reciprocally.
Be careful : it is not possible to modify a cylindrical zone
when it is still defined as detected or non-detected area.
1.7.3. QNH Grid
Used to display a transition level according to the QNH. 4
levels can be defined. This grid has no influence on the simulation
; its just for information.
EXAMPLE :
Figure 35 : QNH grid example
In this example, the transition level between QNH 942 and 977
will be FL70.
1.7.4. Projection
Used to change the projection centre of the screen. By default,
the projection centre is the map centre.
SCANGEO uses a strereographical projection.
1.7.5. Attach
This function is mainly used in multi-sector configuration. It
allows allocating instructions, videomaps, trajectories to a
specific sector and SID/IAF and trajectories to a specific airport.
For example if there are 2 airports in a configuration, you can
allocate to each airport its concerning instructions.
EXAMPLE :
Figure 36 : Attach example
In this example, the pilot in charge of the sector of Poitiers
will have only the items described on the left box in his
instruction pull-down menu.
Chapter 2 : How to create an exercise?
To create an exercise, you have to use SCANPREP. You can there
create the flight plans, associate them some workloads or control
loads. It is also possible to create weather reports and some
messages for the pilot or for the controller. Finally, SCANPREP can
create an exercise using the data entered in SCANGEO ; we will
explain you which procedure is necessary to follow to generate this
exercise.
To start up SCANPREP, refer to the users manual.
2.1. start up scanprep
You have first to open a setup file if existing or to create a
new one like explained in the users manual. When the aircraft
performances file is loaded, create a new exercise in the file
menu.
Be careful : the name that must be entered in the window is not
the name of the exercise but the name of the associated
geography.The SCANPREP main window is displayed.
Select Save as in the file pull-down menu and name your file.
Then, select Edit in the exercise pull-down menu and fill the
mandatory items and particularly the name of the exercise. The
workload (WL) and control load (CL) will be filed automatically
when the weightings filed will be created.
2.2. Create flight plans
To create a flight plan, you have to create first a route
associate to your flight plan.
Give a logical name (c.f. 1.5) to your route and define it in
the Available elements box. You can select fixes, trajectories or
routes.
EXAMPLE :
Figure 37 : Example
This is an arrival route. It starts at the fix 100BALAN5NM. The
aircraft will appear at this point when you run SCANRAD. We have
selected three trajectories in the available elements. These
trajectories will run in sequence.
It is interesting to create all the necessary routes for your
exercise.
You can now create your flight plans by clicking on the Edit
function in the flight plan pull-down menu. The item is blinking ;
click on and the flight plan window is displayed. Fill the
appropriate items. AFL is the start flight level, CFL the cleared
flight level (if different from AFL, the aircraft will be in level
evolution), RFL the requested flight level. Select the route
associated to this aircraft. You have the possibility to create a
new one with the edit function. Flight type and first sector are
automatically filled according to the departure, destination and
route items. To validate the flight plan, click on OK and then on
the right button of the mouse or on esc key.
Figure 38 : example of a flight plan
To validate or exit a function remember to use esc key. To move
a flight plan in the profile functions, you have tu use the arrows
on the keyboard.
2.3. Create workload and control load
These functions have a pedagogical aim. You can so graduate
difficulties of an exercise (handover simulation, emergency
simulation...) to be closer to the real traffic situation. It
underlines specific events for the trainees during the
simulation.
2.3.1. Weightings file
To create a workload, you have first to select Weightings in the
file pull-down menu. Select new then operators in the edit menu.
Name your operators. Associate different workloads to your
operators. Its up to you to graduate the weight and define the
symbols.
Figure 39 : example of workloads
You can define several control loads use at a specific time in
your exercise.
Figure 40 : example of control loads
Select Save as in the files menu and give it the same name as
your exercise. For example, if the exercise is named LFBI.DIA, the
weightings name has to be LFBI.PTS.
Then exit Weightings, Select quit on the files menu. Your will
come back in SCANPREP. Select file and load your exercise
again.
2.3.2. Workload and control load
To associate a workload to an aircraft, select insert in the
workload menu and click on the appropriate aircraft. Move the
cursor with the arrows on the keyboard, press enter. The workload
window is open. Select the appropriate data. The symbol is
displayed on the flight plan and the weight in the workload
column.
To display this data, you can select current in the graph menu.
The raw graph represents the workload at a specific moment and the
average graph represents the average of workload over 2
minutes.
2.4. generate and play an exercise
When you have entered all the data of an exercise, you have to
generate it. Select export in the file menu. The export window is
displayed. Select the folder, save and a file .EXO with your
exercise is exported to SCANRAD.
If you have created several sectors in your geography database
(for example ACC sector and APP sector), you have the possibility
to select them in exercise menu : Sectors selection function. In
this case, if you select all the sectors, you will have
multi-sectors simulation. Each sector will be associated to each
controller position available. The operator selection of the menu
Exercise is just for information ; the number of pilots for each
sector is defined in start up in SCANRAD.
Quit SCANPREP and select Start up to play your exercise. Open
the appropriate exercise. If you want to check your job, select
standalone function to run only one pilot position. Start
simulation...
Figure 41 : the exercise is running...
INCORPORER Visio.Drawing.4
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