SG-235 Smartuner - sgcworld.comsgcworld.com/Publications/Manuals/235man.pdf · 5.5 Low Profile, Hidden and Covert Antennas 31 5.5 Emergency Antennas 32 5.6 Kite Antenna 32 5.7 Tactical

SG-235 Smartuner ®

Microprocessor Controlled Automatic Antenna Coupler

Installation and Operations Manual

Getting the most from every watt of HF-SSB Power

Globally, HF-SSB has literally changed the world. For a minimal investment, it has allowed millions of people - often in

amazingly remote settings, often in emergency conditions - to reliably bounce clear voice and data signals across a state,

across a continent, over an ocean, or around the world. Without satellites, relay stations, cellular nets, stadium sized anten-

nas or huge user fees. Just some fine equipment, a smart operator and nature's own ionosphere make this possible.

For nearly 30 years, the perfection of HF SSB has been the focus and the life of our company. Our efforts have not gone

unnoticed. Today, SGC is a prominent choice of leading corporations, governments, relief agencies, paramilitary organiza-

tions, mariners, aviators, explorers, and

scientists - all over the world. They trust

our engineering and they value our expe-

rience.

A vital part of our company's strate-

gy centers around new product develop-

ment, with an emphasis on providing

quality equipment which remains rugged,

reliable and competitively priced. We are

focused on providing customer service of

the highest standard. Our commitment is

to product training and comprehensive

after sales support. Today, SGC is recog-

nized as a world class designer and manufacturer of HF SSB communications products.

At SGC we build communications power tools. Next generation HF-SSB radios, antennas, amplifiers and coupler sys-

tems that squeeze more range and clarity out of every watt of HF SSB communications power, are the technology and innova-

tions that have helped SGC emerge as a cutting edge player in the expanding world of HF-SSB.

Actually, SGC was the first company to perfect and mass produce solid-state HF SSB radios, more than 20 years ago.

Today, our focus is an ever higher level of HF SSB refinement and performance. All focused on creating HF SSB voice and

data communications systems that are so user friendly

and so powerful, they allow every SGC user to easily

lock in the world. SGC - HF SSB Power Tools! Pierre B. Goral, President

HF-SSB COMMUNICATIONS: THE POWER TO LOCK IN THE WORLD.

S G - 2 3 5A N T E N N AC O U P L E R

Installation and Operations Manual

Prepared: September 1998

3© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual

SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331

E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

CCAAUUTTIIOONN:: Carefully read the ÒQuick StartÓ on the fol-

lowing page and all pertinent sections of this manualprior to operating your Smartuner for the first time. Thisunit will provide outstanding service if you follow thedetailed recommendations within this manual.

4

QQuuiicckk SSttaarrtt GGuuiiddeeRemote Manual Tuning

To quickly install your antenna coupler you will need the following:1. An HF radio installation with 3 to 500 watts output.

2. An HF antenna with a single wire feed (not coax fed).

Minimum length of 50 feet (from 3.0 MHz) or 300 feet (from 1.8 MHz).

3. A good ground (counterpoise) for the antenna and coupler

4. +12 VDC and ground for the coupler.

5. SmartLock PRO coupler controller

Connect the coupler to the system as shown in the following diagram:

Optional connection not requred for normal use.

Operation: 1. Turn on radio. Apply +12 VDC power to the coupler.

2. As power is applied, coupler should make one ÓclickÓ sound. Coupler comes up in the

bypass (untuned) state.

3. To tune, speak normally, whistle, or use CW (CW is recommended).

4. Tuning is done at a maximum of 100 watts. Once radio is tuned, the Gray wire transitions from

5V to GND and acts as a switch to turn on a 500W linear amplifier.

NNoottee:: CCoouupplleerr mmuusstt bbee uusseedd iinn mmaannuuaall PPTTTT mmooddee..

5. When tuned, clicking stops and Green wire goes low.


E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual

To transmitter/Amplifier (3 to 500W)

Black: DC Ground

Red: +12 to 15 VDC

Single wire

Antenna

Ground (Counterpoise)

RG 58

Gray: PTT Out to Linear (active low) *

Green: Tuned Indicator

Blue: Reset

White: Hold (Locks coupler settings)

Black/Yellow stripe: DC GroundRed: +12 to 15 VDC

(TO SmartLock PRO)

12 conductor plus RG-58 coax

Brown: PTT Infrom transceiver

Yellow: RS232Purple: Receive

Orange: Transmit

Blk/Wht: Ground

(TO RS232)

(To Linear Amp)

TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss1.0 General information 8

1.1 Experience Levels of Users 8

1.2 What is an Antenna Coupler? 8

1.3 Overall Description 10

1.4 Coupler Network Configuration 11S

1.5 Operation Indicators 11

1.6 Mechanical Configuration 12

1.6.1 Marine Installation 12

1.6.2 Desert and High Temperature Mounting 13

1.6.3 Extremely Cold Temperatures 13

1.7 Remote Installations 14

1.8 Upgrade Sequences 15

2.0 Specifications - SG-235 16

2.1 Accessories 16

3.0 Parts Furnished 17

3.1 User Supplied Items 17

3.2 Technical Support 17

4.0 Antenna Types 19

4.1 Selection 20

4.2 Whip Antenna -2.5 - 3.0 METERS 20

4.3 Whip Antenna - 7.0 -8.5 meter (23 ft) 20

4.4 Longwire Antenna - 23 meter (75 ft) & 46 meter (150 ft) 20

4.5 Backstay Antennas 21

5.0 Typical Installations 22

5.1 Apartment Loop Antenna 28

5.2 Recreational Vehicle (RV) Antennas 29

5.4 Aircraft Antennas 30

5.5 Low Profile, Hidden and Covert Antennas 31

5.5 Emergency Antennas 32

5.6 Kite Antenna 32

5.7 Tactical Installations 33

5.8 Tactical Antenna Supports 33

5.9 Tactical Grounds and Counterpoises 34

5© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



6

6.0 General Notes on Antennas and Couplers 34

6.1 Steps to Antenna Installation 36

6.2 Antenna Location 36

6.3 Ground Systems - General 38

6.3.1 Vehicle Grounds 38

6.3.2 Marine Grounds 38

6.3.3 Base Station Grounds 39

6.4 Corrosion 40

6.5 Antenna Tuner Mounting 41

6.6 Antenna Connection 41

7.0 Installation Procedures 42

7.1 Installation with SG-2000 42

7.2 Installation with SG-500 or other 500-watt amplifiers 43

7.3 Smartlock Pro Installation 43

7.4 Weatherdeck Mounting 45

8.0 Electrical Checkout 45

8.1 Alternate Electrical Checkout 47

8.2 Coupler Configuration 51

8.3 Tuning Process 51

8.4 Impedance Detector 52

8.5 VSWR Detector 52

8.6 Phase Detector 52

8.7 The Control Device (CPU -CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) 53

8.8 Initialization 53

8.9 Information Read 54

8.10 Bypass Operation Jumpers 54

9.0 Tuning Process and Options 55

9.1 Program Description 56

9.2 Tuning Algorithms or Paths 57

9.3 Antenna Too Short 58

9.4 Antenna Too Long 59

9.5 J-2 - Tuning Elements out During Receive 59

9.6 J-3 - Tune From Memory 60

9.7 JP3- PTT OUT CONTROL 61

10.0 Smartlock PRO Opteration 61



SG-235 Manual

10.1 Tune, Tune Lock, and Reset 61

10.2 Smartlock PRO Notes 61

Quick Start Guide - Remote Manual Tuning 62

11.0 Troubleshooting the SG-235 - General 63

11.1 Ground Faults 63

11.2 Antenna Faults 64

11.3 Transmitter Faults 66

11.4 A Final Pointer on Troubleshooting 67

Warranty Information 68

Schematics

Appendix - QMS System

QMS Brochure

SG-500 SmartPowerCube Brochure

7© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



8

11..00 GGeenneerraall IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn

The Smartunerª reputation has grown to legend status because it is simple touse and highly reliable. A Smartuner will provide maximum transfer of radioenergy from any HF transmitter to any end-fed HF antenna within the fre-quency and power limits of its specifications. The SG-235 is a high-poweredcousin of the SG-230PRO. It provides many of the same features: a new micro-controller which has built-in A/D functions, non-volatile memory, and serialcommunications capabilities which allow manual tuning using an RS-232 con-nection and PC. The optional RS-232 should be used only for special applications and isnot necessary if used in normal applications.

This document is designed to guide the SG-235 user through installation andoperation of the unit. This document will also recommend various steps whichmay be undertaken in the field to provide correct operation of the SG-235 shoulddifficulty be encountered. Smartuners are extraordinarily reliable. But youshould be aware that scores of fine points to any HF installation can easily beoverlooked and may cause difficulty. This manual should help you quickly toobtain the best possible performance from your HF radio installation and toavoid most of the pitfalls which can degrade the performance of your HF system.

11..11 EExxppeerriieennccee LLeevveellss ooff UUsseerrss

The Smartunerª may be installed successfully by anyone who follows theinstructions in this manual. However, if you are inexperienced in HF radioinstallation and operation, seeking advice from people with more experiencewill help you achieve good results quickly and with minimum frustration.Even the most experienced professional HF users will occasionally run intodifficulty.

Regardless of the level of your experience, SGC stands ready to offer youinstallation suggestions and to help you resolve any aspect of Smartunerªoperation which is not entirely satisfactory. If you have a specific question,please send us a fax at our Bellevue, Washington (USA) headquarters. Thenumber is (425) 746-6384. If you require telephone assistance, please call us at(425) 746-6310 during business hours, 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Pacific Time.

11..22 WWhhaatt IIss aann AAnntteennnnaa CCoouupplleerr??

Antenna ÒcouplersÓ are placed at the antenna and match conditions of theantenna to the feed line in a very precise manner. Antenna Òtuners,Ó on theother hand, are generally located at the transmitter output end of the coaxialfeed line. Do not be confused by the term ÒcouplerÓ and Òtuner.Ó



SG-235 Manual

¥ A tuner placed at the transmitter loads up the feedline as well as the antenna (so that the feedline radiates).

¥ A coupler installed at the antenna eliminates feed line losses by providing a proper match of the antenna to the feed line. The Smartuner is a true antenna coupler.

We will emphasize these key points throughout this manual to yield the bestpossible operation of your Smartuner. These include:

¥ The coupler must be located at the antenna.

¥ No coax may be connected to the coupler output.

¥ The coupler must have clean 12 VDC power supplied to it.

¥ The ground system must always be larger than the antenna.

¥ The antenna wire should be of the largest gauge practical.

¥ Capacitance at the coupler output must be minimal.

¥ The antenna must be of sufficient length for your lowest operating frequency.

Strictly observing these basic rules will ensure good operations under the

widest range of conditions.

9© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



PLEASE MAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR YOUR RECORDS:

Date unit was Purchased: _______/_______/_______

Dealer from whom purchased: ____________________________

Date installed: _______/_______/_______

Type of antenna used: ___________________________________

10

11..33 OOvveerraallll DDeessccrriippttiioonn

The SG-235 is a general purpose coupler which can operate with any type ofHF radio and almost any type of antenna configuration. The coupler networkconfiguration is of a ¹ or L type; sensors continually monitor the state of the

tuning and relay this information to the processor.

Tune. The initial (first time) tuning may take several milliseconds to a few sec-onds depending on the complexity of the tuning process for a specific antennaconfiguration. After tuning the first time for a specific frequency and anten-na, this information is entered in the nonvolatile computer memory, whichwill store up to 170 tuning solutions.

Retune. When the same conditions are encountered again, re-tuning is accom-plished within 10 milliseconds by recalling the information from the non-volatile memory. Special software designed by SGC assures accurate and finetuning of the coupler. For software description, refer to the MicroTuneª sec-tion (9.0) of the manual.

If antenna or transmitter conditions have changed since the information wasstored in memory, SG-235 retunes and achieves a new tuning solution. Thisnew information is stored to memory for future reference. Important: theSmartunerª will always look for the best possible tuning solution and willimprove existing tuning solutions whenever possible.

The SG-235 may be bypassed and your antenna used as a broadband receivingantenna. To do this, turn off the power to the coupler for two seconds and thenturn it back on (or simply press the reset button on the SmartLock Pro). Thecoupler is now reset to stand-by, waiting for the first RF power to be transmit-ted before providing a tuning solution. In the stand-by mode, the antennabypasses tuning elements and connects directly to the receiver with no tun-ing elements engaged, allowing reception of signals throughout the HF range.

The coupler will cease to operate normally if input voltage drops below 10.5VDC

¥ if a marginal battery is used, or

¥ if you are transmitting at high power with an inadequate power supply or battery.

Batteries must be fully charged for proper operation. Large gauge wiring tothe transmitter and coupler must be used to avoid retuning.



SG-235 Manual

If broadband operation is required during scanning operations, jumper JP-2on the printed circuit board inside the coupler may be set to the ÒYESÓ mode.This will bypass tuning elements on Receive. Jumper JP-2 is located adjacent tothe shield along the edge of the printed circuit board.

In some cases, it may be desirable to re-tune the coupler and bypass the memo-ry information. If you wish to bypass the recalled tuning solutions, placejumper JP-1, also located near U2, to the ÒNOÓ position.

Note: The SG-235 can be forced to retune in every new frequency, even if JP-1is set to ÒYes,Ó by the following operations of the Smartlock:

1. Engage ÒTune lock.Ó

2. Press Reset once.

3. Disengage ÒTune lock.Ó

(See Section 9.2.)

11..44 CCoouupplleerr NNeettwwoorrkk CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn

The coupler network configuration is designed with 64 different input capaci-tor values, 32 output capacitor values, and 256 inductor values, thus providingabout a half million different ¹ or L configurations. The coupler requires an

input of 5 to 500 watts to operate.

11..55 OOppeerraattiioonn IInnddiiccaattoorrss

Operational status of the coupler and the onboard computerÕs tuning decisionsis displayed by five LEDs, which are located on the microcontroller unit (MCU)printed circuit board (PCB). These indicators are visible only when the coverof the coupler is removed. These five LEDs are not designed to be interpretedby other than factory and trained service personnel.

11© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



12

11..66 MMeecchhaanniiccaall DDeessiiggnn

The SG-235 is supplied in a weather proof case with two mounting brackets. RFand DC power are supplied to the unit through the same cable. This specialcable comprises a 50-ohm coaxial cable and 12 conductors. The 12 conductorwires include the ground, the positive power lead, the optional SmartLock con-trol, and the optional LED indicator.

The SG-235 antenna couplerÕs weatherproof case will withstand the environ-mental conditions encountered aboard ship when mounted on a weatherdeck.The internal construction is designed to withstand the shock and vibration ofmarine service. Corrosion-resistant hardware and passive alloys are employedthroughout.

We do not recommend opening the Smartuner case unless it is necessary. For99% of installations, the factory settings for jumpers will be correct. Shouldyou have occasion to open the case, use care to ensure the sealing gasket isplaced properly to maintain watertight integrity of the unit.

Although the Smartuner is solidly built, good installation practice calls foradditional protection from the elements. SGC makes the following recommendations:

11..66..11 MMaarriinnee MMoouunnttiinngg

The Smartuner should be located inside the house or under the aft lazaret on asailboat. On power boats, the coupler may be mounted outside, but additional



SG-235 Manual

CAUTION:Dangerous high voltages exist inside the Smartuner when it is oper-ated with an HF transmitter. High RF voltages in excess of 10 kvmay be expected in normal operation of this unit. In addition toshock hazard, these RF voltages may produce burns which are verypainful if you come in contact with exposed components. Therefore,DO NOT operate without the cover secured in place unless you are awell experienced radio technician or engineer.

As a matter of good installation and engineering practice, exposedmetal antenna elements should be located in such a manner as toprevent accidental contact with people (especially young children),pets, and small animals.

protective housing is recommended. The preferred installation if vertical iswith the standoff insulator pointing upward.

A stuffing gland for the RF and DC cables is provided on the lower edge ofthe weather housing, along with a 1/4-20 stainless steel ground stud. Theantenna connects to the ceramic insulator on top of the weather housing.

The SG-235 may be mounted in any position, including inverted, withoutany degradation of performance. If the coupler is to be exposed to long peri-ods of high vibration, such as aboard helicopters or tug boats, installation ofthe optional shock mounting is recommended.

11..66..22 HHoott cclliimmaattee aanndd HHiigghh TTeemmppeerraattuurree IInnssttaallllaattiioonnss

The Smartuner may be used in hot climates on a continuous basis if someadditional protection from direct sunlight is provided. The best protectionfor a mobile installation is provided by the QMS (Quick Mounting System)which keeps the antenna coupler outside of a vehicle. Temperatures inside avehicle may exceed 212¡F (100¡ C). If a QMS is not used, keep the coupler inthe shade if possible. Please refer to the diagram in the following section.

11..66..33 EExxttrreemmeellyy CCoolldd TTeemmppeerraattuurree IInnssttaallllaattiioonnss

Your Smartuner will operate down to specified temperatures. We recom-mend placing the Smartuner under some kind of housing other than thecase to prevent heavy build up of ice. If you are mounting on a tower in anextreme climate, a plastic wastebasket (such as those made by Rubbermaidª)makes an excellent weather cover and costs only a few dollars.

13© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



Smartuner mounted inside a plastic wastebasket to protect it from extreme heat andheavy icing. This type of enclosure is widelyavailable in all countries.

Long wire antenna

14

11..77 RReemmoottee IInnssttaallllaattiioonnss

The SG-235 is supplied with a standard 25 feet of cable.

If necessary, the coupler can be installed up to 100 feet from the transmetter.However, SGC does not recommend installing the Smartuner more than 100feet from the transmitter because two losses must be considered.

¥ The first loss in long distance installations is normal attenuation ofthe radio signal coming from the transmitter to the antenna via the coax. (Thelonger the coaxial cable run, the higher the loss.) The amount of loss dependson frequency. At 2 MHz, the loss is approximately .5 dB, while at 30 MHz theloss in 100 feet of coaxial cable is over 2 dB. (A 100 watt transmitter at 30 MHzwould actually deliver about 70 watts to the antenna after running through100 feet of coax.)

If you are seeking the utmost performance at 30 MHz and you cannot avoid arun of 100 feet, or longer, we recommend using a larger low-loss type of coaxsuch as RG-8 (foam dielectric) or Belden type 9943 coax. Both of these will re-duce attenuation to under 1 dB per 100 feet at frequencies below 30 MHz. Youshould be aware that this heavier cable is less easy to work and may be quiteexpensive.

¥ The second loss which must be considered is that in the DC power andreset control line. At any distance other than the 25 foot cable which is sup-plied by SGC, we recommend that the DC voltage at the antenna coupler bemeasured. (If the coupler voltage drops below 10 volts, the coupler may notoperate properly.) For this reason, SGC recommends that if distances aregreat, the input DC voltage at the transmitter site be adjusted to provide for +12to +14 volts at the coupler site.

We do specifically advise against use of a different power supply than the oneused to power the radio because of the danger of creating ground loops.Ground loops may cause oscillation of the final amplifiers or other undesiredside effects. If you decide to use a separate power supply mounted at the anten-na coupler location, please be advised that SGC does not provide technical sup-port in this area.



SG-235 Manual

11..88 UUppggrraaddee SSeeqquueennccee

The current version of the SG-235 coupler will have a revision letter locatedon the printed circuit board. To continue moving forward in coupler design,the SG-235 may be revised as needed. Later revisions of the coupler will bedenoted by the subsequent letters of the alphabet. The SG-235 contains all thelatest revisions of the standard SG-230PRO to ensure the user is acquiring allthe benefits of the SG-230PRO along with the added benefits of the SG-235.

SGC will continue making incremental improvements in the Smartuner prod-uct. When you buy your product today and a new feature is added, you canalways upgrade for modest fees to the latest version of the unit. If you wouldlike to upgrade to the latest version of the unit, contact SGC because special

discounts are always provided to our valued customers.

15© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



16

22..00 SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonnss -- SSGG--223355

HF Frequency Range: 1.8 to 30.0 MHz

Note: The SG-235 may be operated as low as 1.6 MHz and is commonly used as an antenna matching unit for differential GPS transmitter site antennas. However, when operated under these conditions, a longer antenna is recommended, such as a 360 foot tower section for operation in the 1700-1710 kHz band and an appropriately larger counterpoise. In addition, inductor heating may become pronounced at high power levels in the SG-235Õs inductors that are commonly used at these frequencies. To extend your frequency range, we recommend 350 watts at 1700 kHz and 250 watts at 1600 kHz on a continuous basis.

Power Input Range: 3 to 500 watts (PEP)Input Impedance Range: 45 to 55 ohmsVSWR: (Typical) Typically less than 1.4:1DC Input Requirement: +13.6 VDC DC Operating Range: +10.5 to +15 VDCInput Current: Average: .9 ampsRandom set time: Typical: less than 2 secondsRecurrent set time: Typical: less than 10 millisecondsAntenna Length: Minimum length of 50 ft. Ñ3.0 to 30 MHz

Minimum length of 300 ft. Ñ1.8 to 30 MHzSG-303Ñ9 feet from 3.5 to 30MHz

Installation: Any positionOperating Temperature: -35¡ to +70¡CSize: 16 x 12 x 3 inchesWeight: 8 pounds (3.5 kilos)Case Construction: Plastic ABS weatherproof caseControl Cable: SGC special cable, 25 ft. coaxial and 12 interconnect wires

(replaceable by any standard cable plus remote tune LED wire)

22..11 AAcccceessssoorriieess

Shock Mounting Tray. SGC Part Number 54-50



SG-235 Manual

33..00 PPaarrttss FFuurrnniisshheedd ((uunnppaacckkiinngg))

Antenna Coupler

25 foot special cable (RG-58 plus 12 conductors in a single jacket)

Instruction Manual

SmartLock PRO coupler controller with 25 foot cable.

33..11 UUsseerr SSuupppplliieedd IItteemmss

The user of the SG-235 will need to supply a suitable HF radio antenna. Suchan antenna may be as simple as an 23 foot long piece of wire and severalground/counterpoise radials of 23 feet or longer. The longer the antenna,up to about 300 feet, the better all around performance will be. Longerantennas may be used, but please refer to sections on antennas limitations.

The user will also have to supply a good counterpoise. Such a counterpoise isa large metal surface (much larger electrically than the antenna).Generally, the bigger the counterpoise, the better your signal will be.

33..22 TTeecchhnniiccaall SSuuppppoorrtt

Before contacting SGC for technical support, please take a few minutes tothink through your installation and ask if there is anything obvious whichyou have overlooked in the installation. Check to make sure your groundsystem is both adequate and tight and that proper voltage is supplied to thecoupler.

In the event you experience difficulty with your SG-235 antenna coupler,you should contact SGC for technical advise. Before calling, we ask you tohave the following information ready so that we may readily assist you.

CCoouupplleerr IInnffoorrmmaatt iioonn Please have the serial number of your coupler,the name of the dealer from whom the unit was purchased and the approxi-mate date of purchase.

AAnntteennnnaa IInn ffoorrmmaatt ii oonn Please be ready to describe your antenna installa-tion. You will need to advise us whether the antenna is a wire type, a dipole,vee, vertical, long wire or whip antenna.

GGrroouunndd SSyysstteemm You should be ready to describe your ground system in

17© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



18

detail. If you are dealing with a marine installation, you should have a description of the vessel's bonding system. If you are using the coupler in amobile setting, you should be able to describe bonding of the hood, trunk and other vehicle parts which may have been done. In an aircraft, you should be able to describe the location of the coupler and the type of ground connection used.

PP oo ww ee rr ss uu pp pp ll yy vv oo ll tt aa gg ee One of the common mistakes made wheninstalling couplers is to assume that a connection is good when it hasn'tbeen measured. If you experience any type of erratic or intermittent opera-tion, please measure the power supply voltage inside the coupler.

DDeessccrr iibbee TTuunneerr bbeehhaavviioorr If you are having a problem, determine if itis happening all the time or only part of the time. Does the problem occuronly on certain frequencies? Does the problem only happen in certainmodes? This type of information is extremely useful in quickly isolatingyour problem.

BBee ppaatt iieenntt Finding the reason for less than ideal system operation maytake one telephone call or it may take several calls. Regardless of how com-plex the problem is, your SGC representative will be able to walk youthrough the process of solving your problem in a logical step-by-step man-ner. There is nothing magic about HF. Although it may seem so at times, therules of physics don't change. The Smartuner and accessories will always

give top performance when carefully installed.



SG-235 Manual

44..00 AAnntteennnnaa TTyyppeess

RReeccoommmmeennddeedd AAnntteennnnaass

SG-105 - Marine and Base station antenna. This is a 60-foot end-fed long wire type antenna. SGC Part Number 55-10.

SG-114 - Base station antenna. 200 feetSGC Part Number 55-14

SG-203 - Marine 28-foot whip antenna. This antenna is used for most power boat installations. SGC Part Number 55-23.

SG-303 - High performance 9-foot whip antenna. This dual element antenna is designed for severe marine and land mobileservice. SGC Part Number 55-27.

QMS-3 - Quick Mounting System which houses SG-235 Smartuner and also provides a sturdy mounting platform for the SG-303 antenna system. Designed for rapid installations requiring no-holes installation of high performance HF

antenna system. SGC Part Number 55-48.

The automatic antenna tuner is designed for use with end-fed unbalancedantennas such as whips and long wires. The radiating portion of the anten-na is connected directly to the tuner through a high voltage insulator. It isextremely important that the antenna type, site location and groundingtechnique be correctly chosen so that the system will radiate effectively.

Broadband resonant antennas (e.g. log periodic) that cover the full range ofthe system may be used with the tuner if desired. Narrow band resonantantennas, such as dipoles, vee's and inverted vee's may only be used if theantenna VSWR (including coaxial feeder) is less than, or equal to 3:1 at theoperating frequency.

Note that if a dipole or Vee type antenna; is used, the antenna may be oper-ated at any frequency within the range of the coupler if each side of the veeor dipole is 23 feet or longer. In addition, the SG-235 is just as happy feeding

19© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



20

a conventional Vee antenna as an inverted Vee. The coupler is very flexiblein this regard.

44..11 AAnntteennnnaa SSeelleeccttiioonn

The automatic antenna tuner will operate into almost any end fed antennawith a length of 2.5 meters or more, provided an effective ground is used.The antenna efficiency will be proportional to length and in most applica-tions will be maximum at a length of 1/4 wavelength. This means that thelongest possible antenna should be selected for each installation.

Very short antennas are only recommended when there is no other alterna-tive such as in a vehicular mobile installation. The performance of shortwhip antennas is usually very poor, particularly at the lower frequencies,and radiation efficiency will be only a few percent of a full sized antenna.However, a special electrically long antenna such as the SG-303 9 ft. mobileantenna overcomes much of the radiation problem.

44..22 WWhhiipp AAnntteennnnaass -- 22..55--33..00 mmeetteerrss ((88--99 fftt))

This antenna is recommended only for vehicular mobile installations. Theshort length will result in poorer performance when compared with thelonger antennas. A special high performance 9 foot antenna, the SG-303, ismanufactured by SGC specifically for this problem. The SG-303 is SGC Part

Number 55-27.

44..33 WWhhiipp AAnntteennnnaa -- 77..00 ttoo 88..55 MMeetteerr ((2288 fftt))

This antenna is recommended for marine installation on smaller vessels. Itmay also be used in base stations if there is no way of using a longer anten-

na. The SG-203 is this type of antenna. Order SGC Part Number 55-23.

44..55 LLoonnggwwiirree AAnntteennnnaa -- 2233 mmeetteerr ((7755 fftt)) aanndd 4466 mmeetteerr ((115500 fftt))

For most applications the longwire antenna will give the best results and isrecommended when practical. The diagrams at the end of this section showsome recommended methods of installation. These are only a few of themany possible methods of installation and frequently a different configura-tion will be the best at a particular site. SGC's long wire antenna, 60 feet inlength, provides efficient operation on low frequencies and high frequen-

cies alike. Order SGC Part Number 55-10.



SG-235 Manual

AAnntteennnnaa LLeennggtthh vvss.. LLoowweesstt TTuunnaabbllee FFrreeqquueennccyy

Antenna Length Lowest Frequencyin Feet (approximate) in KHz

350 feet 1650 KHz

335 feet 1700 KHz

315 feet 1800 KHz

285 feet 1900 KHz

275 feet 1950 KHz

220 feet 2000 KHz

100 feet 2500 KHz

50 feet 3000 KHz

44..66 BBaacckkssttaayy AAnntteennnnaass -- 88 mmeetteerrss ((2288 fftt)) aanndd lloonnggeerr

Although we would love to sell everyone a high performance marine whipantenna, the backstay of a sailboat is almost impossible to improve upon in

most installations.

21© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



22

55..00 TTyyppiiccaall IInnssttaallllaattiioonnss

Figures 5.01 through 5.3.1 show some typical installations for the automatic

antenna tuner.

FFiigguurree 55..0011 JJeeeepp IInnssttaallllaattiioonn

FFiigguurree 55..0022 VVeehhiiccllee iinnssttaallllaattiioonn



SG-235 Manual

Coupler

Groundcouplersecurelyto truck

Transceiver

2.0 M whip

Feed through insulator

Vehicle Installation

SG-303 whip

Detail

Jeep Installationfor AutomaticAntenna Coupler

Coupler

Feed-throughinsulator

GTO cable(as short as possible)

Transceiver

2.0 M whipSG-303 whip

FFiigguurree 55..0033 MMoottoorr VVeesssseell iinnssttaallllaattiioonn

FFiigguurree 55..0044 BBaassee iinnssttaallllaattiioonn

23© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



GROUND LEAD1.5M MAX

7M to 10M

GROUND ROD (3M)

Feed through insulator

CouplerSuitable stay cable

Ground tosteel bulkheador overhead

Motor Vessel Installation

24

FFiigguurree 55..0055 BBaassee iinnssttaallllaattiioonn wwiitthh ggrroouunndd wwiirree rraaddiiaallss

FFiigguurree 55..0066 BBaassee ddiippoollee iinnssttaallllaattiioonn



SG-235 Manual

Coupler7 to 25 meters

1 m e t e r3 meters

HotG N D

E 6 6 i n s u l a t o r s( x 8 )

3 meters

Base Dipole Installation RF Cable Control cable

Conduit forcontrol cableand coax

Ground cable No. 4 AWG(150 cm maximum)

30°

30°

11M 2M

Insulator

Insulator

GTO cable

Coupler

2M

Base Installation withGround Wire Radials

Radial wiresburied in soil

pole or tree supports far end

FFiigguurree 55..0077 BBaassee QQuuaaddrraa LLoooopp HHoorriizzoonnttaall

The horizontal quad loop is a groundless antenna for high angle radiation and is idealfor HF communications from zero to 500 miles in the frequency range of 2 to 10 MHz.This configuration provides optimum near-right angle reflection to the ionosphere forshort range communications.

A square base can be from 8 to 15 meters long and can be configured to the shape of thestructure as necessary, to provide the best arrangement. The height of the supportingpoles should be 20 to 40 feet. Supporting poles should be as tall as possible to provide theantenna with the greatest isolation from industrial noise generated by the building,such as fluorescent lights and electrical motors. Loop antennas are also less suscepti-ble to industrial RF noise generated by the building, because they are isolated from theground system of the building.

Loop wires are attached at one end on the high voltage active side of the coupler and onthe other end at the ground side of the coupler.

25© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



Base QuadraLoop Horizontal

Porcelainisolatorswith tie rope

Groundboltterminal

Antennaterminal

Radiation

50 ohmcoax fromtransmitter

Coupler

26

FFiigguurree 55..0088BBaassee LLaaddddeerrIInnssttaallllaattiioonn

FFiigguurree 55..0099 BBaassee DDeellttaa LLoooopp

The delta loop antennas are ideally suitedto long range communications due totheir low angle. This configuration isbest for communications ranging from500 to 5000 miles in the HF frequencyrange of 4 to 22 MHz. Noise rejection isexcellent, as stated for the quad loopantenna. Because the antenna system isnot connected to a ground, noise rejectionis enhanced. If mounted on the roof-topof the building, it is further isolated fromthe building which generates RF noise. The supporting mast should be 8 to 14meters tall to provide good overall HF performance.

Note that with this type of antenna, the coupler may be mounted in the middleof the horizontal portion of the loop or it may be mounted at the corner. Ifmounted at the corner and the lead from the coupler attached to the verticalleg, the polarization of the loop tends to be vertical and is slightly better forlow angle long distance communications.

Loops in the horizontal plane may also be used. This type of antenna providesexceptionally good performance on the low frequency bands for short tointermediate range communications.



SG-235 Manual

Radiation

Base Delta Loop

Coupler

Coupler

up to 300 feetup to 200 feet

HotGND

Base Ladder Installation Control cable RF cable

Balanced Line Feeders300-600 Ohms

FFiigguurree 55..1100 VVeesssseell GGrroouunnddlleessss LLoooopp

The triangular loop antenna for sailboats is designed to operate in a ground-less environment and still provide high performance. This type of installationwill require only one insulator point on the bottom backstay and an electricalconnection on top of the mast and stay. The grounded side of the coupler isconnected to the bottom of the mast. Although not our best recommendation,this antenna will provide a workable solution in some installations.

FFiigguurree 55..1111 VVeesssseell iinnssuullaatteedd bbaacckkssttaayy

27© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



Radiation

75 feet

Porcelainisolator

Lower mast connectionto coupler RF ground

VesselGroundlessLoop

Coupler

Radiation

75 feet

Porcelainisolator

VesselinsulatedBackstay

Groundconnection

Porcelainisolator

Coupler

28

The insulated backstay antenna requires two porcelains isolators. The couplermust be placed as close as possible to the base of the backstay antenna. Propergrounding of the coupler is very important. Connect the RF ground terminalof the coupler to all metal parts or structures of the boat (keel, engine, etc.).

55..11 AAPPAARRTTMMEENNTT LLOOOOPP AANNTTEENNNNAA

Loop antennas can be used very effectively in small apartments, offices andholding rooms. Radiation for a loop antenna is always efficient but highlydirective. Therefore, the orientation of the loop is very important. Generally,the vertical loop antenna with horizontal radiation is much preferred for ageneral application throughout the 1.8 to 30 MHz band. However, loop anten-nas can be very effective when mounted horizontally to the ground to radiatevertically and provide efficient short range communications on higher fre-quencies. Generally HF connections are difficult to establish in the distancerange of 50 to 250 miles. In a large room (such as 20 x 30), we would recom-mend the installation of a single wire loop antenna mounted on the ceilingwith the coupler against the wall directly below the antenna. The wire gaugeshould not be less than 16 AWG with insulation.

When operation is for a small room, it is recommended that a small multiplewire loop (6 loops) on a rectangular configuration 3 by 4 feet be installed (asillustrated in the figure below).

This configuration allows operation from 3.0 to 30 MHz and the SG-235 willtune and load all frequencies well below a ratio of 1.1:5 VSWR. Directivity willbe high from 3 to 12 dB depending upon the frequency. If this is a problem,two loops at 90 degrees can be installed to communicate at 90 degrees offdirection of the first loop antenna. Loop antennas are low noise antennas.However, because they are used in apartments and urban cities, high industri-al noise can be expected. Avoid using neon of fluorescent lights within 50 feetof the loop antenna, they may completely jam one or more frequency bands.

Loop antennas of much larger sizes can be used, however, please rememberthat while the low frequency operation of such antennas may be quite good,the larger antennas may not work well at very high frequencies when locatedin a plane parallel to the earth. This is because large loop antennas generallyradiate their maximum lobe (field strength) at right angles to their plane.

This means that a large loop, say 60 feet on a side, mounted 20 feet above theground would radiate much of its energy upward. While during the day thiswould work well for close in communications, longer distances would be



SG-235 Manual

achieved with the loop mounted vertically. The vertical loop antenna of onequarter wavelength is the basis of the "quad" type directional antenna.

FFiigguurree 55..1122 SSmmaallll lloooopp aanntteennnnaa ((33 xx 44 ffeeeett))

Loop antennas represent a DC short circuit and for this reason are much lesssusceptible to noise than are other kinds of antennas. In certain residentialand industrial areas where high noise levels occur, the loop antenna may pro-vide a substantial improvement in both receiving and transmitting perfor-mance at very little cost.

55..22 RREECCRREEAATTIIOONNAALL VVEEHHIICCLLEE ((RRVV)) AANNTTEENNNNAASS

RV or trailers provide an excellent base to install effective low cost antennas,and both configurations, end fed or loop antennas can be used.

29© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



Pegs or Nails

SG-230 PRO SMARTUNER

Cable to Radio

Use 6-8 turns of #16 or larger wire which isinsulated for high voltages. No spacingbetween turns. Use a total of 70-90 feet ofwire.

Building wall

SG-235 SMARTUNER

Recreational VehicleAntenna Installation

18" PVCpipestandoffs

Metal roof of vehicle

Antenna wire

C o u p l e r m o u n t e di n s i d e c o a c h

U s e a s e p a r a t e g r o u n d s t r a p o r w i r e f o r t h e b o d ya n d t h e c h a s s i s t o t h e g r o u n d o f t h e c o u p l e r .

FFiigguurree 55..22..11 RReeccrreeaattiioonnaall vveehhiiccllee bbuuss oorr ttrruucckk ddeettaaiill::

30

An End fed antenna could be very effectively used if a metal cabin structure isavailable. Loop antennas have the advantage of not requiring a ground sys-tem, but are highly directive. Mounting the antenna is relatively simple andcan be mounted on short (18 inches 1/2 inch diameter) plastic plumbingpipes. In the end fed antenna, it is recommended that the antenna be as longas possible in an "L" shape configuration, as illustrated in the following dia-gram.

55..33 AAiirrccrraafftt AAnntteennnnaass

When installed in high performance turboprop or jet aircraft, the Smartunerwill operate well with a shunt-fed antenna. This is generally a 23-foot piece ofmetal which mounts on the fuselage of the aircraft and is grounded to the air-craft at one end. The device looks something like a towel bar on the underside

of the aircraft.

FFiigguurree 55..33..11 AAiirrccrraafftt IInnssttaallllaattiioonn DDeettaaiill::



SG-235 Manual

Wire antenna

Rotary Aircraft

Strut to space outantenna with plastictubing or fiberglass rod

CouplerIsolator

Isolator

Isolator

Wire goes tothe coupler

Wire antenna

Ground

Radio

Aviation control head

Coupler

Wire antenna

Fixed Wing Aircraft

When installed in high performance turboprop or jet aircraft, the Smartunerwill operate well with a shunt fed antenna. This is generally a 13 foot piece ofmetal which mounts on the fuselage of the aircraft and is grounded to the air-craft at one end. The device looks something like a towel bar on the undersideof the aircraft. The Smartuner will also match well the more common wireantenna from fuselage to vertical stabilizer (and continuing to a wingtip ifdesired) and a long wire antenna under the tail rotor of helicopters. This longwire approach has proven very effective on Bell JetRangers and LongRangersin particular.

55..44 LLOOWW PPRROOFFIILLEE,, HHIIDDDDEENN AANNDD CCOOVVEERRTT AANNTTEENNNNAASS

There are two general types of low profile, hidden and covert antennas.

¥ The first group is the paramilitary user who will wish to operate from a res-idence or commercial building without drawing attention to the fact that longrange HF communication is in process.

¥ The second class of covert antenna user (and a larger group) is the amateurradio community which finds itself more restricted almost daily by covenants,building codes and tenant requirements.

We will consider a typical residential home and point out covert antennaswhich have been used very successfully for intercontinental communications.

As you review the diagram on the following page, remember that the antennasused include both groundless loop type antennas and those which require acounterpoise (ground).

A. If a flag pole is made of PVCpipe, it is easy to tape a large gaugewire to the inside of the pipe and usea good counterpoise. Typical flagpoles are 25 to 35 feet in height andoffer excellent performance on allbands.

B. The down spout, rain gutterantenna works well if the piping andgutter are aluminum. You may wish

31© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



At least three ground radialslonger than the flag pole

Coupler

32

to secure the joints with hoseclamps or plumbers tape toassure low resistance connec-tions.

C. Masonry chimneys arevisually "busy". You can runa #10 copper wire parallel tothe chimney with little risk ofdetection. Some short stand offs and you have a supportfor a vertical dipole typeantenna.

D. The Inverted "L" antenna may work slightly better if it is installedclear of a building, but for covert operations, this type of installation is a favorite. Especially if the feedpoint is at ground level adjacent to an iron orcopper water line entering the house which will provide an excellent counterpoise.

E. Along the edge of the roof, held off by some inexpensive TV twinlead stand offs, you can hide 25 to 40 feet of antenna on virtually any house.

F. Under the roof overhang, all kinds of wire antennas may be installed.

G. Loop antennas installed on the inside or outside wall work well at higher frequencies and provide some directional characteristics. These antennas are also less prone to man made noise.

H. All types of antennas may be hidden inside the roof of a building which uses non-metallic roofing materials.

55..55 EEmmeerrggeennccyy AAnntteennnnaass

There are a couple of antennas which don't fit into any category in particu-lar, but which should be mentioned because when used with a Smartuner,they will deliver spectacular results.

55..66 KKIITTEE AANNTTEENNNNAA::

This is our recommended antenna to be carried aboard all types of vessels.This is because when a wind strong enough to damage a boat occurs, it iseasy to fly a kite and this may lift fifty to one hundred feet of antenna wire.For good emergency communications, you will only need 30-70 feet of



SG-235 Manual

B C D

COUPLERCOUPLER COUPLER

antenna and a strongly built (Mylar or nylon) kite.

Remember that when a mast comes down, you have easy access to the highvoltage feedline which may be secured to a kite antenna. Offshore power boatscan use this antenna as well, since 10-20 knot winds are almost always avail-able when underway at sea.

55..77 TTaaccttiiccaall IInnssttaallllaattiioonnss

Over the course of nearly 30 years of HF, SGC equipment has been used every-where from camelback in the desert to Antarctic expeditions. Along the waywe have collected a number of tips to get maximum system performance fromyour radio system when you are operating in a tactical or disaster situation.These tips, by the way, also apply when you go camping or are involved inamateur radio Field Day activities:

55..88 TTAACCTTIICCAALL AAnntteennnnaa SSuuppppoorrttss

Except for a barren desert, just about all landscapes have structures (naturaland man made) which can be used for antenna supports. All it usually takes isseveral hundred feet of rope and some creativity. Here are some examples toconsider. If you wonder which structure would work best remember the onewith the greatest height and greatest distance from grounded metal will gen-erally give the best performance.

1. Natural rock formations such as cliffs and bluffs.

2. Tall trees.

3. Water towers.

4. Church spires and minarets of mosques.

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SG-235 Manual



Note: The counterpoise may be underwater if installed on abeach or from a vessel at sea. If an underwater counterpoise isused, tuning may change with tide changes in shallow waters.This type of antenna has been run for hours in tropical tradewinds with excellent results.

Coupler

StringJumper

30 to 70 feet of wire

Box, delta, or conventional kite

100 feet ofstring

30 to 70 feet of wireground conductor (counterpoise)

Use string to post for strain reliefÑdo not tiekite wie to coupler without strain relief

Post or stake

5.5.1 Kite Antenna

34

5. Strung between rooftops of buildings.

6. Sign posts such as for banks and gasoline stations.

7. Telephone (not power) poles. There's no line noise on telephone poles.

8. Railroad trestles

9. Highway structures - signs, overpasses and bridges.

10. Flag poles at public buildings, schools and hospitals.

55..99 TTAACCTTIICCAALL GGrroouunnddss aanndd ccoouunntteerrppooiisseess

Just as antenna opportunities abound, so do ground and counterpoise opportu-nities to the professional eye. Some of our favorite examples which corre-spond to the antennas above include:

1. Cross country water and petroleum transmission pipes. (As it passes under a bluff?)

2. Long steel cables along a mountain highway. (With nearby trees?)

3. Chain link fencing. (Around the water tower?)

4. Metal lawn sprinkler piping. (In the church yard?)

5. Fire department stand pipes. ( Required in most big city building codes!)

6. Underground metal petroleum storage tanks. (At the gasoline station?)

7. Metal fencing of any type. (A barbed wire fence along a pasture under telephone pole?)

8. 100 feet of wire thrown in a river or sea. (Under a trestle?)

9. Metal drain culverts. (Along a highway?)

10. 4-5 cars parked with their metal bumpers touching or a sheet metal roof. (Hospital or public building.)

As you can see from this list, there are an almost limitless number of optionsavailable for the trained professional to install a high performance antenna

system with only a small amount of wire and an SG-235 Smartuner.

66..00 GGeenneerraall NNootteess oonn AAnntteennnnaass aanndd CCoouupplleerrss

1. The longer the antenna, the better the antenna performance. By doubling the length of the antenna, an improvement of 3 - 6 dB can be



SG-235 Manual

expected in your radiation or receiving characteristics. This is the equivalent of transmitting with 400 watts, when in actuality you are using only 100 watts.

2. A ground for "end fed" antennas can be very effectively created by running radial wires from the coupler point and laying them onto the ground. It is recommended that for a good ground, 12 radials should be used and they be about 1/3 larger than the antenna length. The number of radials can be reduced; however, you need at least one. Efficiency pattern and radiation will decrease in proportion.

3. Antennas will always perform better if the wire is of a large gauge. Never use anything less than gauge 16. If gauge 6 is used, animprovement of 6 dB can be expected over the 16 gauge. The radial ground wire should be at least the same size as of the antenna wire.

4. The SG-235 coupler can handle antennas beyond the specified minimumrange of 8 to 80 feet and should be extended as much as possible. In some cases, the antenna can be 300 feet or longer. In this situation, you may find some tuning holes that are of no importance to the present application. However, if this is not the case, the antenna can be made alittle shorter or longer to overcome the tuning hole on the frequency band you may have wanted to use.

5. Always install the antenna system as far away as possible from any electrical or industrial noise source. Electrical appliance, electric motoror fluorescent lighting noise may cover upweak or even very strong signals.

6. The SG-235 is a remarkable antenna coupler that will tune practically any antenna good or bad. Keep in mind that it is not the coupler that will radiate the RF energy, it is the antenna. Therefore, use only good size wire and long antennas.

7. Never use a feed line or coaxial cable at the output of the antenna coupler. The function of the coupler is to couple the radio to the antenna and not to use it as a mid point connector. The antenna system starts at the output to the coupler. Therefore, the lead end from the coupler to the hypothetical antenna is part of the antenna system. Avoid having the lead end wire touch any other metal structure, as it will capacitively short your antenna to ground.

8. The backstay of your mast is the only viable antenna on a sailboat. The

35© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



36

SG-235 coupler is specifically designed to be used for such applications.

9. For vehicular installation, do not use any inexpensive CB antennas and/or mounts. These antennas will not perform well between 1.8 to 10 MHz even though the coupler will load and tune the antenna whip.A very high voltage of 15 to 30,000 volts RF will be applied to the antenna depending on the RF power level and frequency. The inexpensive ball mounts for CB antennas are not designed for this stringent a purpose. The use of an antenna system, such as the SG-303, is highly recommended as it was specifically designed for extreme applications.

66..11 SSTTEEPPSS TTOO AANNTTEENNNNAA IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN

System installation is a three part process covering the following steps:

a) Selection and installation of the antenna

b) Mounting the antenna tuner

c) Connecting the appropriate interface cables between the tuner and the transceiver

This manual section will discuss the three steps mentioned above in detailand will provide sufficient information to enable the user to confidentlyinstall a complete system properly.

The antenna system is a key part of the communication system and for satis-factory operation the system must be carefully selected, then installed cor-rectly. The unbalanced antennas used with the automatic antenna tuner usethe ground (counterpoise) as half of the antenna system. The ground formsan "image" antenna and is a critical part of the system. It is essential to con-sider both the ground and the antenna when designing the system installa-tion.

66..22 AAnntteennnnaa LLooccaattiioonn

The figures in Section 4 illustrate several different antenna installations.The following points should be carefully considered when designing theantenna system.

1. The antenna should be located in a position free of obstructions, particularly in the desired direction of communication.



SG-235 Manual

2. The antenna should be kept as far away as possible from buildings, trees and vegetation. If metallic masts or supports are used, arrange the insulators so the antenna is spaced at least 2 meters from the mast.

3. Remember that the radiating part of the antenna starts at the tuner. The location of the bottom portion of the antenna is very important.

4. Vertical antennas have an omni-directional radiation pattern and will provide equal performance in all directions.

5. Horizontal wire antennas have maximum radiation broadside to the antenna when the frequency is less than 1/4 wavelength. As the frequency increases beyond 1/4 wavelength, lobes will appear in the radiation pattern with the principal lobes becoming closer to the plane of the antenna as the length increases. At all times, radiation will be minimal at the end of the antenna and should be located so the ends point in directions where communications are not required.

6. The "V" construction minimizes the directivity of the horizontal antenna and is recommended for all around coverage. In addition, the "V" antenna is a compromise between vertical and horizontal polarization and will give good results for communications with land or marine mobiles using vertical whip antennas.

7. High voltages (sometimes exceeding 30,000V RF) are present on the antenna. All parts of the antenna and tuner must be located or protected so that there is no possibility of accidental contact.

8. Do not locate the antenna close to other antenna systems.

9. Make sure that the antenna is rigidly supported. The antenna will detune if it sags or sways.

10. The connection from the tuner to the ground must be a small percentage of the total length of the antenna. Do not let the length of the ground strap exceed 1 meter. Use heavy gauge wire or strap for ground connection.

11. Whip antennas should be connected with the minimum length of wire.

(Do exceed 0.6 meters).

12. Do not locate the tuner farther from the transceiver than necessary. If the distance exceeds 10 meters (30 ft) , it is recommended that low loss coaxial cable, such as RG-8 or RG-213 be used.

37© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



38

66..33 GGrroouunndd SSyysstteemmss -- GGeenneerraall

The ground system (also called a counterpoise) is a key part of the overallantenna system and is the primary cause of poor performance and the diffi-culty of adjusting the tuner. A good ground is essential.

66..33..11 VVeehhiiccllee GGrroouunnddss

Connect the tuner directly to the frame of the vehicle. Ensure that a heavystrap is used from the tuner ground lug and that the connections are clearedof all paint and dirt so that the shiny metal is exposed. SGC always recommendsthat two grounding bolts with star washers be used to insure no ground resis-tance is encountered. Make sure that the grounding point is not insulatedfrom other parts of the vehicle by non-metallic couplings, bushings, fiber-glass panels, etc. Modern vehicle assembly techniques which use spot weldingmay not always adequately connect various body parts. Use an ohm meter andinsure your vehicle is electrically bonded.

Another area to watch is trunk lids and hoods. Because many body parts aredip painted, they may float above the RF ground when assembled. Use of shortheavy braid to insure all doors and hatches are grounded is good installationpractice. Although this is tedious work, the benefit is that once completed youwill have a much superior radiated signal and lower noise floor on receive.

66..33..22 MMaarriinnee GGrroouunnddss

A metal hulled vessel in salt water provides an almost ideal ground. The tunershould be connected directly to the hull using the shortest possible groundstrap or 2 to 3 inch wide 2 mil copper foil. Make sure that the contact point isfree from paint and dirt. Ensure a good contact area for minimum resistance.

Wooden and fiberglass hulled vessels present more of a grounding problem. Itis normally necessary to bond all large metallic parts such as the stove, fueltanks, engine, propeller shaft, etc., and sometimes an external groundingplate should be connected to the hull. The bonding and grounding plateshould take into consideration the problems of electrolysis. Severe damagemay result if dissimilar metals are connected together.

Our experience is that sacrificial zincs, which double as radio grounds, mayhelp, but are not by themselves a complete solution. If you use one (or more)of these devices, remember to provide for a large physical counterpoise inaddition.



SG-235 Manual

In a sailboat installation, we generally place the Smartuner in the aft lazaretteand then run at least three runs of foil forward. One runs up the port chine,just below the waterline, another up the starboard chine below the waterlineand the third up the center of the vessel.

The center foil is generally connected to the rudder post, transmission, engineand keel bolts. The chine foils are attached to through hulls, the stove, tank-age and so forth. The idea is to get as much metal inside the vessel connectedas possible. Metal toe rails and life lines work well as do keel coolers on motor-ized craft.

Here is a tip for attaching foil to keel bolts. When a large keel bolt is exposed,drill into the keel bolt and tap the hole for a suitable stainless steel machinescrew. Attach with suitable copper washers for a solid electrical connection.

Although it is not mandatory that ground foil be glued into place, we considerit a good idea to keep the space below decks neat and orderly under all condi-tions.

If you are using a backstay antenna, try to visualize your ground as you lookdown from the top of the mast. Ask yourself if you see 100 square feet of metalbelow you. The closer to this figure you can get, the better your radiated sig-nal will be. What you are trying to do is make a large capacitor to the seawater. Consider the salt water of the sea to be one plate of a capacitor, theground system the other and the hull to be the dielectric.

On marine installations, you should also be very aware of potential noisesources which may need to be bypassed to ground. We have encountered justabout every source of noise imaginable in vessel installations. When you arelaying in a ground system is the best time to track down annoying noisesources. Not only will you get much better voice communications, butWeatherfax, Navtex and Loran reception will improve as well if they are alsotied into the ground system.

Particular attention should be paid to any device which uses an electric motor.This means to turn on the water pressure pump, bilge pump, hot water forcedair heater fans, refrigeration and autopilot motors. A few small capacitors toground (.01 microfarads at 100 VDC) can resolve many issues. Bypassing of thevessel's alternator is also a good idea.

66..33..33 BBaassee SSttaattiioonn GGrroouunnddss

In areas of high ground conductivity, an effective ground can be madethrough a grounding rod. The rod should be approximately 3 meters in length

39© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



40

and should be installed as close as possible to the tuner. It may be necessary touse several ground rods bonded together to improve the ground contact.Water pipes are sometimes recommended as grounds and may be used providedplastic pipe is not buried as part of the system and the following conditionsare met:

a) The water pipe is close to the tuner.

b) The water pipe enters the ground very close to the tuner bonding point.

c) There are no joints or couplings in the pipe that will increase the resistance path to ground.

d) The water pipe enters soil with good conductivity.

e) A low resistance contact is made to the water pipe.

EEaarr tthh rr eeqquu ii rr iinngg aa ccoouunntteerrppoo ii ss ee .. Frequently the ground conductivitywill not suffice to provide satisfactory operation of the coupler - almost cer-tainly the case with well drained sandy, rocky or loamy soils. Therefore, acounterpoise (artificial ground) must be used as the ground system.

RRooooff ttoopp iinnssttaall llaatt iioonn rreeqquuiirr iinngg aa ccoouunntteerrppooiissee .. In a rooftop installa-tion where there is no existing ground plane, the ideal ground would be con-ducting surface extending several wavelengths in all directions around theantenna. On a rooftop, this situation may be approximated by placing a screenof chicken mesh, copper hardware cloth or similar material over the roof ofthe building. More frequently, a counterpoise system of radial wires must beused. SGC recommends the use of at least 8-12 radials bonded together in thecenter. If the antenna is at ground level, the radials should be buried a fewinches below the surface.

66..44 CCoorrrroossiioonn

The ground connections are subject to corrosion and oxidation. All joints mustbe clean and the hardware adequately tightened. Joints should be well sol-dered wherever possible. The joints may be protected by an application of sili-con grease, and under severe conditions, covered with electrical tape andwaterproof varnish or a durable brand of silicon caulking.

If you are mounting your Smartuner on a vessel where a lot of salt spray isencountered, it is a good idea to put the wire connections which are exposed toweather on your 6-month periodic maintenance plan. Then, every sixmonths, you will be reminded to undo each of the connections, clean, retight-en and reseal.



SG-235 Manual

Use jumpers around metal backstay triangles on split backstay antennas.Corrosion may cause up to several hundred ohms of resistance to occur eventhough you may think that a metal-to-metal connection would be a good one.

66..55 AAnntteennnnaa CCoouupplleerr MMoouunnttiinngg

The coupler is mounted using the proper mounting ears on the case. Choose alocation immediately adjacent to the antenna feed point. In trunk mountedmobile installations, it is very important that the tuner is located so that theantenna insulator is within a few centimeters of the antenna exit hole. Notealso that the antenna lead must pass through an insulated bushing. High volt-age connecting cable must be used. (RG-8U cable with solid insulation may beused if the outer shielding is removed). A protective housing is highly recom-mended when the coupler is installed on the outside, or on the deck.

66..66 AAnntteennnnaa CCoonnnneeccttiioonn

The antenna lead is connected to the high voltage insulator. During operation,use two wrenches when tightening the nut to prevent the stud rotating. Apotential of several thousand volts may be present at the antenna terminal andadequate protection must be made against accidental contact. It is also neces-sary that the antenna is spaced at least 3 centimeters from the conducting sur-face. Sharp points in the lead-in wire should be avoided to prevent corona dis-charges.

41© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



42

77..00 IInnssttaallllaattiioonn PPrroocceedduurreess

The following diagrams will assist in installing the Smartuner with SGC equipment.

77..11 IInnssttaallllaattiioonn wwiitthh SSGG--22000000

The SG-2000 is shipped with all necessary connectors for installation of aSmartunerª and for installation of peripherals via the audio input/outputjack on the rear panel. You will see the connectors when you remove thePhillips head screws which hold the protective sheet metal cover over therear panel connectors.

From left to right, these jacks provide the following:

J-502 SG-235 Smartunerª connections

J-301 Aux. Audio input/output and PTT line

J-503 Remote control head or multiple head junction box

J-504 Remote control head or multiple head junction box(Head mounted on radio is normally connected here.)

Ext. SPK External Speaker (active only if control head is attached to chassis.)

Oven Turns oven On-Off (Shipped with oven ON as default)

SSGG--22000000 TTOO SSGG--223355 CCoouupplleerr CCOONNNNEECCTTIIOONNSS



SG-235 Manual

SG-2000 Rear

J-502

1- Black wire of coupler cable ( Ground) 2- Red wire of coupler cable ( +12 VDC) 3- Green wire = TUNED indication

SG-235 Coupler Wires

Panel view

J-301 4- Brown wire = PTT "in"

¥Ê¥Ê¥1 2 3

¥Ê¥Ê¥ ¥ 41 2 3 1 2 3 4

J301

J502J502J502

OOnn AAllll RRaaddiiooss::

The SG-235 requires only a source of 13.6 VDC, an RF transmission line (RG-58/U up to 30 ft., RG-8 OR RG-213/U if over 30 ft.) plus suitable ground andantenna systems. No band switch information, low power tuning or hand-shake is required, since the coupler tunes on RF voice or carrier. Power con-sumption is normally less than 1 amp, allowing for use of small gauge wire.The fully PCB is protected against power reversal. The output for a remotemounted tune indicator, if desired is strictly optional.

When installing your SG-235, remember to allow for the power to be discon-nected from the battery during periods when equipment is not being used.This will prevent draining the battery unnecessarily.

77..22 IInnssttaallllaattiioonn wwiitthh SSGG--550000 oorr ootthheerr 550000--wwaatttt aammpplliiffiieerrss

The SG-235 requires only a source of +13.6 VDC, an RF trans-mission line (RG-58/U up to 30 ft., RG-8 or RG-213/U if over 30 ft.), and suitable ground andantenna systems. No band switch information, low power tuning, or hand-shake is required, since the coupler tunes on RF voice or carrier. The graywire acts as the 500W amplifier transmsit engage, if a linear amplifier is used.

Automatic amplifier switching. During tuning, the amplifier is in by-passoperation, indicated by a +5V on the gray wire. Once the coupler is tuned, thegray wire is pulled to ground and the amplifier is switched on.

Manual amplifier switching. If your amplifier does not have a PTT or othercontrol line, you must switch the amplifier on manually, after the coupler hastuned. Then each time you change frequencies, the amplifier must be turnedoff so the coupler can tune at a lower power. Failure to follow these guidelinescould result in permanent damage to the coupler.

When installing your SG-235, remember to allow for the power to be discon-nected from the battery during periods when equipment is not being used.This will prevent draining the battery unnecessarily.

77..33 SSmmaarrttlloocckk PPrroo IInnssttaallllaattiioonn

The SmartLock Pro, a standard accessory with the SG-235, gives the user addi-tional control over the coupler. It is not required for normal operation of thecoupler and does not need to be installed. It allows the coupler settings to beheld in place so no tuning or returning will occur, it has an LED indicatorwhich will light when the coupler is tuned, and it provides a manual reset ofthe coupler without turning the power off and on.

43© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



44

CCoonnnneecctt iioonnss ::

SSmmaarr ttLLoocckk PPrroo ttoo SSGG--223355 SSmmaarrttuunneerr

Red Ñ Red wire (+12 VDC)

Green Ñ Green wire (Remote tuned indicator line)

White Ñ White wire (Hold Settings)

Blue Ñ Blue wire (Reset)

Black Ñ Black/Yellow (Ground)

We recommend soldering the wires together and insulating the exposed wireswith heat shrink or electrical tape. Other methods may suffice as long as theconnections are firm and no wiring remains exposed.

A schematic drawing is provided as an aid to understanding the operation ofthe SmartLock Pro.

SSmmaarrtt lloocckk PPrroo SScchheemmaatt iicc DDiiaaggrraamm



SG-235 Manual

C5.1u

R22201/2W

12 VDC

Hold

Reset

Tuned

Rx Amp

C4

.1u

SW3

SPDT

D1

1N751AR4

1M

JP1SW2

PUSHBUTTONR3

330

R1150

DS1

Green LED

SW14PDT

C2.1u

DS2

Red LED

C3.1u

C1.1u

C6

.1u

GND

No Tune/Reset

77..44 WWEEAATTHHEERRDDEECCKK MMOOUUNNTTIINNGG

Weatherdeck mounting can be used. Years of experience have shown thatinside mounting or even splash-proof mounting is preferred, particularly incold, damp environments. In tropical use, shielding from direct sunlight isdesirable.

The base of the antenna should be connected to the high voltage feed-throughinsulator on the housing. (Note: this insulator is not designed to supportheavy mechanical loads. If such loading is encountered, the use of a straininsulator is desirable.)

The ground system should be connected to the 1/4 inch stainless steel stud pro-truding from the bottom of the housing. Connection to the ground system is ofextreme importance for a successful installation. Ground runs of over a fewinches should be made from 4 inch wide copper strap or larger. The actualground system should be as good as possible, as the ground is an integral partof the antenna system. See section 5.2.2 on grounding. However, couplers ingeneral require the antenna parameters to be within the range of the tuningparameters or the coupler will not find a satisfactory match. It should alwaysbe remembered that the computer in the SG-235 is unable to second-guess theinstaller.

SSEETTUUPP FFOORR EELLEECCTTRRIICCAALL CCHHEECCKK OOUUTT::

88..00 EELLEECCTTRRIICCAALL CCHHEECCKKOOUUTT

After the SG-235 antenna coupler has been installed, the SSB transmittershould be adjusted to the highest frequency desired, and a directional wattmeter (i.e. Bird Model 43) should be inserted into the transmission line. Thetransmitter should then be powered. The SG-235 will begin to tune when RFpower is applied, and you will hear a "clattering" of PC mounted relays. If theantenna length and ground parameters are within range, the relay noises willstop when just a few words are spoken, and the reflected power on the wattmeter would indicate a value of better than 2:1 VSWR. The "TUNED" LED, whichis mounted on the PC board will light, and if there is a remote "TUNED" indica-tor, it will also light.

45© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



AA PPRROOPPEERR AANNTTEENNNNAA//GGRROOUUNNDD IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN IISS OOFF GGRREEAATTIIMMPPOORRTTAANNCCEE.. RREEGGAARRDDLLEESSSS OOFF WWHHEETTHHEERR YYOOUURR SSTTAATTIIOONN IISS

AA BBAASSEE SSTTAATTIIOONN,, MMAARRIINNEE,, OORR LLAANNDD MMOOBBIILLEE..

46 SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USAP.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331


SG-235 ManualNote: When changing to a new frequency, the SG-235 has a 4 second time delaybefore it will initiate a retune cycle. This can be bypassed by connectingBrown wire (PTT IN) to your radio external PTT output.

Next the SSB transmitter should be adjusted to the lowest desired frequency,and the test as outlined above should be repeated. The SG-235 should immedi-ately sense the mismatch, and switch to the tune mode to retune the antennasystem. Since the algorithm must search through more possible values of Land C to find an appropriate combination at the lower frequencies, the tunecycle may take longer. A few spoken words should achieve an "all tuned" indi-cation. The SG-235 installation and tune-up is considered complete if theabove tests have been successfully performed.

The SG-235 will probably not be supplied from SGC with memory data appro-priate to your installation, and the memory feature may not seem impressiveat first. Allow the SG-235 to "learn" your antenna's requirements by proceed-ing from frequency to frequency and allowing the normal tune-up to occur.As the SG-235 computer memorizes more and more frequencies, you shouldthen be able to return to a previously tuned frequency and find that the cou-pler immediately responds 'ALL TUNED', even before the first word is complet-ed. The memory system is capable of storing hundreds of individual frequen-cy/relay combinations, mostly in the lower operating frequencies. This pro-vides better memory resolution at the lower frequencies where antenna sys-tems are inherently narrow band. Usually, only one or two memory positionsare needed to provide satisfactory coverage at higher frequency bands.

12 volt power source

SGÐ2000 HF radio

(View: Back panel of unit)

Watt meter

SGÐ235Antenna

Counterpoise

Terminal blockfor DC power cable Smartlock

SG-2000 -->SG-235

Black (of coupler cable) = groundRed (of coupler cable) = +12 VDCGreen = tuned indication

88..11 AAlltteerrnnaattee EElleeccttrriiccaall CChheecckkoouutt

OOnn SSiittee RRaaddiioo HHFF//SSSSBB TTrraannssmmiitttteerr && CCoouupplleerr TTeesstt PPrroocceedduurree

LLiigghhtt bbuullbb tteesstt ..

If you suspect that there is a problem with your transmitting equipment,here is a simple test that you can perform to find out if your station equip-ment is operating properly. All that is required is some hook up wire, a PL-259 connector, 2 alligator clips, a lamp socket, 100 watt lamp or a minimum200 watts for 500 watt system (two may be paralleled if necessary), andadapters as shown in the diagram. In a real emergency, you can simplifythis arrangement to suit the materials that you have on hand.

1 - The light bulb test is used to verify basic operation of the transmitter,and antenna coupler. The lamp will present a load to the transmitter, andantenna coupler that is similar to an antenna. This test will provide a visualindication of the power output from the transmitter, and verify operation ofthe antenna coupler.

2 - The transmitter should be tested first. Note that the lamp may be dim onsome frequencies. This is because the lamp is not an ideal load for the trans-mitter, and the SWR protection circuitry in the transmitter will automatical-ly reduce transmitter power. If the lamp does not light on any frequency,there is high probability that the transmitter is in need of service, andthere is no need to proceed to the coupler test.

3 - If the transmitter passes the test, proceed to the 'coupler test procedure'.Make sure that the antenna and ground are first disconnected from the cou-pler. Note that you should be able to hear the relays clicking in the coupleras the tuning cycle begins. This should stop within a few seconds, and thelamp should light brightly. If you are using the tuned indicator option, itshould illuminate when the coupler is tuned.

4 - This test should be repeated on all bands of intended operation. Note thatthe coupler will probably not tune the lamp from memory. This because theimpedance of the lamp changes with temperature, and therefore presents adynamic load to the coupler.

5 - Note that the lamp will not be as bright on the higher frequencies. Thisis due to the fact that some radiation from the hook up wiring will occur onthe higher bands, that is, some of the power will go 'on the air' and not beavailable to the lamp.

47© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



48

6 - If the coupler operates as described above, it is almost certain that it willgive satisfactory service with a proper antenna. If you are still having trou-ble, we hope that you will contact us for a free copy of our HF SSB User's Guideand Products Catalog which contains much additional information.

If the lamp does not light: (be sure light bulb is good)

1 - Make sure that the radio is set to the CW mode. Some transceivers may notprovide CW output unless a CW key is connected to the appropriate connector.If you are not sure about this, refer to your equipment manual. You may useFM or AM instead if necessary.

2 - Check the voltage at the transceiver DC power terminals. Also, verify thatthere is at least 12 volts available at the antenna coupler.

3 - You can check the SSB output of your transceiver by speaking into themicrophone. The lamp will not be as bright as in CW. This is normal.

4 - Keep in mind that most troubles with these installations will be found inthe wiring, coax connectors, and antenna/ground system.

5 - If there is no indication of transmitter output you will need to makearrangements to have the unit serviced.

6 - If transmitter output is good, but the coupler does not tune up the lamp, youshould contact SGC for help.

II ff yyoouurr eeqquuiippmmeenntt ppaasssseedd tthheessee tteessttss ::

1 - Your equipment is capable of producing a strong signal. If you arehaving trouble, it is probably either in the antenna system, or your operatingprocedure.

2 - Make sure that your antenna and ground system are installed c o r -rectly, contact SGC for a copy of our HF User's Guide for much additional infor-mation on this subject.

3 - If you are new to HF radio, we strongly suggest that you set up aschedule with another station for your initial tests. A helpful operator at theother end can provide useful information about your station performance.

5 - The technical support staff at SGC has many years of experience inall facets of HF radio communications. If you need help with your SGC equip-ment, please contact us. We stand ready to provide solutions to your communi-cations challenges.



SG-235 Manual

A light bulb connected to the antenna jack of a radio is simple and effectivemethod to test if your radio is transmitting. The instruction below explain howto test the SG-2000 HF Radio and optionally the SG-235 Coupler.

This test can be modified and adapted to work on any other radio.

EEqquuiippmmeenntt RReeqquuiirreedd::

SG-2000 Radio or any HF SSB and AM/FM Transmitters.

SG-235 Coupler

AC to UHF Connector Cable [see figure below]

AC to Alligator Clips Cable (needed with Coupler) [see figure below]

Light Bulb to AC Adapter [see figure below] (be sure light bulb is good)

Light Bulb; 75 to 200 watt, 120 to 220 VAC

RRaaddiioo TTeesstt PPrroocceedduurree::

1. Connect "AC to UHF Connector Cable" to SG-2000 RF IN/OUT Connector.

2. Screw light bulb into "AC Adapter"

3. Plug AC Adapter and light bulb into "AC to UHF Connector Cable" that is attached the radio [see figure below]

4. Turn on the radio and set to CW mode and PWR to HI

5. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light bulb. The light should come on if the radio is transmitting.

6. Set power to LO

7. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light bulb. The light should come on if the radio is transmitting. Observe that the light is not as bright as step 5.

49© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



50

8. Set power to HI

9. Set the radio to AM mode or CW and any carrier.

10. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light bulb. The light should come on if the radio is transmitting.

Observe that the light is not as bright as step 5.

11. Set the radio to SSB mode

12. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone and talk into the microphone. Observe the light bulb comes on when you talk.

CCoouupplleerr TTeesstt PPrroocceedduurree::

1. Connect coupler to the radio and disconnect antenna from coupler.

2. Connect "AC to Alligator Clips Cable" to the SG-235 antenna jack.

3. Screw light bulb into "AC Adapter"

4. Plug AC Adapter and light bulb into "AC to Alligator Clips Cable" that is attached the coupler. [see figure below]

5. Turn on the radio and set to CW mode. Turn on the coupler

6. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe light bulb. The light should come on if the radio is transmitting.



SG-235 Manual

SG-2000 Radio

RF IN-OUT

RF GND

CCoouupplleerr TTeesstt PPrroocceedduurree CCoonnttiinnuueedd

NNoottee:: The light bulb may not come on immediately if the coupler has not yetbeen tune for that frequency. The light bulb brightness is greatest when thecoupler is tuned for that frequency.

88..22 CCOOUUPPLLEERR CCOONNFFIIGGUURRAATTIIOONN

Schematic Q30102500, sheets 1 and 2, are the schematic diagrams of the anten-na coupler. RF input is applied through connector J5; +13.6VDC is connectedbetween the terminals marked +12V and GND on J7, and an appropriate anten-na and ground system are connected to feed through insulator and stainlesssteel stud respectively.

Schematic Q3330102501 is the digital design of the antenna coupler. J4 is a con-nector for the Smartlock Pro and PTT out signal to the amplifier. J3 is for RS-232 connection to control the tuner remotely with a PC.

88..33 TTUUNNIINNGG PPRROOCCEESSSS

An array of detector devices in the SG-235 monitors the antenna system imped-ance, reactance signal, and the VSWR load when RF power is applied to theunit. The computer uses the forward power detector as a check to ensure thatthe measurements made are applied RF and are not spurious levels from thedata conversion system. The SG-235 will proceed to tune only when enoughforward power is present to confirm this check.

After RF is applied to the coupler, it then passes through the detector system.The detector system consists of six capacitors in shunt on the input arm of the

51© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



SG-2000 Radio

RF IN-OUT

RF GND

SG-230 Antenna Coupler

Antenna Jack

GND

52

network, eight inductors in the series arm, and five more capacitors in shunton the output arm, all arranged in binary increments. Relays are provided inconjunction with each lumped constant and allow removal or entry as desired.A network having 64 values on input shunt C, 32 values of output shunt C, andup to 256 values of series L is possible with the manipulation of these 38 relays.

88..44 IIMMPPEEDDAANNCCEE DDEETTEECCTTOORR

RF transformers T3 and T2 drive the impedance bridge which is balanced at 50ohms. T2 samples the line current and thus D2 outputs a negative DC level pro-portional to line current. A tertiary winding on transformer T3 provides a linevoltage sample to D7 which provides a positive voltage proportional to linevoltage. R34 and R26 act as a summing network for the current and voltagesignals, with ratios chosen such that, at 50 ohms, the summed signals result ina balanced or zero voltage condition.

If the line impedance goes to high, the signal from the voltage sensor will berela-tively higher than the current sensor, which will result in a net positiveoutput voltage from the summing network.

Similarly, a low line impedance will result in more output from the currentsensor, resulting in a net negative output voltage from the summing network.The summing network output is shifted to a 0 to 5V range, then fed to theprocessor's A to D converter ports, and used within the microcontroller.

88..55 VVSSWWRR DDEETTEECCTTOORR

A directional coupler comprises a current transformer T1 and a voltage trans-former T3, in conjunction with termination resistors R22 and R19. The coupleris inserted in the 50-ohm transmission line between the input connector, J5,and the tuning network. The forward power is measured across terminationR22 and reflected power is measured across termination R19. Diode D1 gener-ates a positive DC voltage proportional to forward power and D8 generates apositive DC voltage proportional to reflected power. The forward DC output isfed to a voltage divider consisting of R35 and R23. These voltages are input tothe RF power detector and to an A to D converter port of the processor. Thereflected DC output passes through a voltage divider consisting of R39 and R40,and then it also goes to an A to D converter port of the processor.

88..66 PPHHAASSEE DDEETTEECCTTOORR

A phase detector is formed by T2, A1, and their associated components. Thisdetector indicates the state of any reactance associated with the antenna cou-



SG-235 Manual

pler as noted from the generator. A line current sample is compared in phasewith a voltage sample in a double balanced mixer. Output polarity is positivefor a net capacitive reactance. The output of the phase detector A1 is shifted toa 0 to 5V range, then fed to the processorÕs A to D converter ports and usedwithin the microcontroller.

88..77 TTHHEE CCOONNTTRROOLL DDEEVVIICCEE ((CCPPUU -- CCEENNTTRRAALL PPRROOCCEESSSSIINNGG UUNNIITT))

A tune-up algorithm, which is contained in the memory of the microproces-sor, actually implements the antenna matching. It is designed around the MC68HC711E9 CPU which features a versatile instruction set, RAM, and EEPROM(memory which is saved after the coupler is turned off). The antenna couplerrelays are controlled by latches U1, U2, and U3, which receive serial data inputdirectly from the CPU.

During operation, data is transferred into the CPU from the A to D ports andInput Capture port (measures RF frequency). The program monitors the statusof the input sensors andÑstarting from a preset conditionÑuses a built-in algo-rithm to achieve a tuned condition. When the tuning algorithm is complete,the CPU saves the settings in its EEPROM, which is addressed by the applied RFfrequency.

This non-volatile memory table is the basis of the exclusive learning featureof the SG-235. After it has stored and latched the network status, the CPU waitsfor RF to cease transmitting and returns to the Stop mode. When RF is retrans-mitted, the first step in the tuning algorithm is to measure the frequency ofthe signal passing through the coupler. From the frequency data, the comput-er then searches its EEPROM for previously stored data. If data is found, it istested for validity, and the required Òend of tuneÓ conditions will be sensed bythe RF sensors. Then the data will be latched in place, and the CPU will againwait for RF to cease transmitting and return to the ÒSTOPÓ mode. This processtakes about 20 milliseconds, the same length of time required to close the net-work relays.

88..88 IINNIITTIIAALLIIZZAATTIIOONN

The microcomputer is usually in the stop mode and requires an external inter-rupt request signal (XIRQ or IRQ) to start program implementation. The inter-rupt request comes either from the RS-232 remote manual tuning IRQ or theRF detector circuitry. The RF detector line goes into the XIRQ pin of the CPUand when it goes low, wakes up the CPU from the STOP mode.

53© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



54

88..99 IINNFFOORRMMAATTIIOONN RREEAADD

The data sensors are interfaced with the CPU through input ports PA3 throughPA7. After an IRQ, the tune algorithm program can access any desired vari-able by simply searching for the desired input port (lacking any applicablepre-stored data). Since the comparators effectively preprocess the desireddata, to read any specific variable, the CPU need only look at the required portfor the desired variable.

88..1100 BByyppaassss OOppeerraattiioonn JJuummppeerrss

If broadband operation is required during receive for scan operation, jumperJP2 may be set to the ÒYY EE SSÓ position. This will drop the tuning elements out ofthe circuit on receive only. Jumper JP2 is located on the far left side of theQ50102501 printed circuit board. (If you open your Smartuner to access thisjumper, please use caution to ensure that the waterproof seal is carefullyplaced prior to refitting the coupler cover.)

¥ Setting JP2 to the ÒYY EE SSÓ position is recommended if you are using a radio forsplit band communications, for scanning selective calling protocols, or forALE (Auto-matic Link Establishment). The default is: Tuning Out In Rcv: [[nnoo]].

¥ Jumper JP1 set to ÒNNooÓ bypasses the couplerÕs memories. This means thateach time the coupler is used on a different frequency, it will retune ratherthan use previously stored information. The default is Tune From Memory: [[ ÒÒYYee ss ÓÓ ]].

¥ Jumper JP3. Set to ÒYes,Ó JP3 keeps the 500-watt amplifier in the transmitmode as long as the PTT signal from the radio is asserted and whether or not RFpower is applied to the coupler. Set to ÒNNoo,Ó JP3 keeps the 500-watt amplifierin the transmit mode as long as RF power is applied to the coupler. The default is PTT control: [[ ÒÒYYee ss ÓÓ ]].



SG-235 Manual

SSGG--223355 MMiiccrrooTTuunnee ª

SSooffttwwaarree Copyright November-1991

99..00 TTuunniinngg PPrroocceessss aanndd OOppttiioonnss

The SG-235 MicroTuneª Software is unique software which allows fine and precise tuning of the digitally controlled ¹ & L network antenna coupler

configurations.

The versatile MicroTuneª software offers its' user these special functions:

¥ The coupler is activated whenever forward power is present.

¥ In addition to sampling VSWR to determine if the coupler should re-tune, frequency comparison is employed, causing the coupler to tune when the transmit frequency changes independent of the VSWR reading.

¥ Extensive tuning algorithms are used to test and verify different antenna situations. Initially, the first tuning cycle will require several hundred milliseconds. Any further tuning is accomplished in a matter of milliseconds when recalled from memory.

55© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



Antenna

C outC in50 ohms

L1

56

¥ Facilities and algorithms are used, which enable accurate tuning at the low end of the frequency band, and the use of even shorter antennas than previously possible.

¥ The BITE (Built-In-Test-Equipment) Indicator Tune LED includes a safety feature which alerts the operator to a mismatched condition, via blinking indicators, when proper tuning conditions have not been met.In this situation, the software will "time out" within 20 seconds unless a new frequency is sensed, which will cause an immediate time out, and the coupler will attempt to match the new frequency.

The sophisticated MicroTuneª software of the SG-235 enables precise tuningof the coupler components and tuning of a wide variety of antennas.

The microprocessor of the coupler is turned on every time that the couplerhas forward power. However, re-tuning takes place only if the VSWR isgreater than 2:1, or if the frequency has changed. Upon initiation of the tun-ing, one of the five tuning paths is selected for the initial tuning, dependingon the condition of the tuning indicators.

99..11 PPRROOGGRRAAMM DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN

When DC power is applied, the computer initializes the processor registers inaccordance with the hardware. All tuning elements are then removed and the'tune' indicators are turned off. At this time the computer reverts to a "sleep"mode awaiting RF power.

When RF power is verified, the computer will perform a test to verify forwardpower is present. If no forward power is detected, the computer will revertback to the "sleep" mode.

Once forward power is detected, the current transmit tuning element data issent to the relays and the VSWR is checked. If the VSWR is greater than 2:1,the program branches to the 're-tune' selection. If the VSWR is less than 2:1,the current frequency is compared to the most recent frequency employed. Ifa difference in frequency is detected, the program again branches to the re-tune program. If it is determined that the VSWR is less than 2:1 and the fre-quency has not changed, the computer returns to the "sleep" mode.

Once it is determined that re-tuning is necessary, a test is made to see if 'J3' isset to tune from memory. If the result is re-tuning from memory, the frequencyis measured and tuning data is recalled from the memory based on the frequency measured.



SG-235 Manual

The recalled data is then tested for validity. If the data proves invalid, it isbypassed and re-tuning is performed. If the data recalled proves valid, the datais sent to the relays and the VSWR is checked. If the VSWR is less than 2:1, theprogram branches to the "OK Tuned" section of the program. If the VSWR isfound to be greater than 2:1, the program branches to the "re-tune" program.

Several tests are made to determine which tuning algorithm or path should beused to tune the coupler. These tests are based on frequency, antenna inputimpedance, antenna phase, and VSWR. Numerous subroutines are executedrepeatedly, depending on the status of the criteria mentioned above, in orderto achieve proper tuning.

Should the initial primary tuning sequence prove unsuccessful, secondaryalgorithms are attempted until all possible routines have been exhausted. If, atthis point, an acceptable VSWR has not been achieved, the tuner status acqui-sition time is increased, and the tuning process is repeated.

If, after the second attempt, the tuner still cannot achieve a proper VSWR, theprogram branches to a "no-tune" program. Here, the tune indicators willblink on and off, all tuning elements will be removed, and the tuner will gointo a 20 second time delay. During this time delay, the transmit frequency ismonitored. Should a change in frequency occur, the tuner will revert to thebeginning of the interrupt segment of the program and attempt to tune thenew frequency.

If the tuner achieves a good VSWR during the tuning sequence, the programbranches to the "OK Tune" section of the code. Here, the tune indicators areengaged. A test is then made to check if 'J3' is set to tune from memory. If so,the frequency is measured and the tuning elements used are saved in memorycoupled with a verification code.

Once saved, a test is made on 'J2' to check if the duplex mode has been selected.If so, the transmit tuning elements remain in circuit until the receive mode isverified. At this time all tuning elements are removed.

The current frequency is then saved for future comparison and the computerreverts back to the "sleep" mode.

99..22 TTUUNNIINNGG AALLGGOORRIITTHHMMSS OORR PPAATTHHSS

As mentioned previously, various tests are executed to determine the most logi-cal tuning sequence to be performed. Dependent on the test results, additional

57© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



58

tests and appropriate subroutines are executed throughout the tuning process.Following are examples of the activity that occurs when the tuner must bematched to a frequency that requires a slightly longer or shorter antenna:

99..33 AAnntteennnnaa TToooo SShhoorrtt

Once the tuner has verified RF power, the tuning sequence is as follows:

1. Series inductance is added until the phase is deemed as being inductive. At this point it is normal for the input impedance to be low.

2. Input capacitance is added until the antenna is no longer inductive.

3. Tests are conducted continuously on the VSWR phase and input impedance. As long as the VSWR is greater than 4:1, the program will continue to increment the series inductance in .125 µh steps -

each time normalizing the input impedance with input capacitance.

4. When the VSWR goes below 4:1, the computer will retain the data it determines is less than 2:1 until input impedance is no longer low or VSWR climbs higher than 2:1. The previous data is then tested once again to verify validity.

5. At this point the tune indicators are engaged. The current relay data is saved if 'J-3' is set to tune from memory, and if 'J-2" is set to the tuning elements out during receive position, the program waits until forward power is no longer present, then removes al l tuning elements. The current frequency is saved for future frequency comparison, and the computer reverts back to the "sleep" mode.



SG-235 Manual

C in

L1

50 ohms

Antenna

99..44 AAnntteennnnaa ttoooo lloonngg

Once the tuner has verified RF power, the tuning sequence is as follows:

1. Output capacitance is added until input impedance test results are low.

2. At this point, the antenna will be capacitive. Therefore, series inductance is added until the antenna is no longer capacitive.

3. Fine tuning is performed by trying a small amount of input capacitance (this may or may not be required).

4. At this point, the program executes the "OK Tuned" sequence, reacting to 'J-3', 'J-2', etc., eventually reverting to the "sleep" mode.

The preceding gives a simplified overall program flow on only two possibleantenna conditions. Much more complex tuning is normally the case.Further detailed description, however, is beyond the scope of this publication.

The actual program is copyrighted and is not available.

99..55 JJ--22 -- TTuunniinngg eelleemmeennttss oouutt dduurriinngg rreecceeiivvee

((FFAACCTTOORRYY ddeeffaauulltt SSEETTTTIINNGG:: NNOO))

YY EE SS In this position the software will retain data required in transmit to match the tuner while removing all tuning elements when no forward power is detected.

NNOO In this position the tuner will retain the required tuning data and will not change anything whether in receive or transmit.

59© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



C

L1

Antenna

out50 ohms

60

If typical operation is out of band duplex, '"YES'" would be most likely to givebetter performance. If in band operation is typical and duplex or simplex isthe predominant mode of operation, then 'NO' is usually the better choice.

99..66 JJ--11 -- TTuunnee ffrroomm mmeemmoorryy

((FFAACCTTOORRYY ddeeffaauulltt SSEETTTTIINNGG:: YYEESS))

YY EE SS In this position the tuner will recall data previously saved and try this data before attempting to re-tune. If the data is valid and the VSWR is less than 2:1 the tuner is done. In this position the tuner will save new data in its' memory for any frequency. A new frequency must first be learned, while in this mode, before it can be recalled.

NNOO In this position, the tuner will not use previously saved tuning data. Each time a different frequency is selected the tuner will proceedthrough a complete tuning sequence.

Clearly, the advantage of "YES" is speed. The tuner will seem to be matchedinstantly when in this position, if the frequency being used has previouslybeen memorized in this mode. Obvious disadvantages include a difference infrequency too small for the computer to detect. This would result in recall ofvalid data that may not necessarily present the best match.

It is suggested to start with 'J-1' in the "YES" position. If operation is asexpected, don't change it.

¥ Note: The SG-235 does provide a way to by-pass tuning from memory even with JP1 set to ÒYESÓ. To do this, the SmartLock PRO must be installed. If the coupler tunes from memory and you want the coupler

to try to find a better setting, do the following:

1. Switch the SmartLock PRO to Tune Lock.

2. Press the reset button while in the Tune Locked LED is flashing.

3. Switch Tune Lock back to Normal

Now when RF power is applied, the coupler will proceed through the tuningalgorithm and when a solution is achieved, these setting will overwrite pre-vious settings for that particular frequency.

To return to normal tuning from memory, simply press the reset button

while the SmartLock PRO is set on NNoorrmmaall.



SG-235 Manual

99..77 JJPP33 -- PPTTTT oouutt CCoonnttrrooll

((FFaaccttoorryy ddeeffaauulltt sseetttt iinngg:: YY EE SS))

YYEESS In this position, the SG-235 will keep the 500-watt amplifier in the

transmit mode (after the coupler has found a match) as long as the PTT sig-nal from the radio is asserted (low), whether or not RF power is applied tothe coupler.

NNOO In this position, the SG-235 will keep the 500-watt amplifier in the

transmit mode (after the SG-235 has found a match) as long as RF power(more than 5 watts) is applied to the coupler.

1100..00 SSmmaarrttlloocckk PPRROO OOppeerraattiioonn

The Smartlock PRO allows the operator to have additional control over the SG-235.

1100..11 TTuunnee,, TTuunnee LLoocckk,, aanndd RReesseett

TTuunneedd (green LED)- Turns on when the coupler has successfully tuned.

NNoorrmmaall / Tune Lock - Toggle switch allows user to prevent coupler retun-ing by switching to the Tune Lock position. When in the Tune Lock position,the red LED blinks to notify the user that the coupler is locked on the cur-rent setting.

RReessee tt - Pushing the red reset button allows the coupler to be reset. This ispreferable to the other method of turning the input power off and on.

1100..22 SSmmaarrttlloocckk PPrroo NNootteess

The Tune Lock function is in most cases unneeded. Inadvertent retuning is arare occurrence. Retuning may occur when the environment or antennasystem has changed. In this case, retuning is within normal operation of thecoupler. However, the function is still provided with the SG-235 to be used ifdesired.

The SG-235 can also override the Tune From Memory jumper setting. In somecases, a recalled setting from memory may yield a VSWR less than 2:1 butmay not be the best setting attainable. For this situation, the coupler can beforced to retune and store the new settings in memory.

To do this, first switch to the Tune Lock position and then push the reset but-ton. Now, switch back to Normal position, activating the Tune From Memoryby-pass. Every new transmitted frequency will cause the coupler to retune

61© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



62

and store the new setting in memory, over writing any previous settings. Toreturn to normal Tune From Memory, simply push the reset button while inNormal Position.

QQuuiicckk SSttaarrtt GGuuiiddee

RReemmoottee MMaannuuaall TTuunniinngg

To quickly install your antenna coupler you will need the following:1. An HF radio with 3 to 500 watts output.

2. An HF antenna with a single wire feed (not coax fed).

Minimum length of 50 feet (from 3.0 MHz) or 300 feet (from 1.8 MHz).

3. A good ground (counterpoise) for the antenna and coupler

4. +12 VDC and ground for the coupler.

5. An IBM compatible desktop or laptop computer with MS Windows 3.1 or

better and a 386 or better microprocessor.

Connections: Connect the Smartuner to the PC cable as shown in the following diagram:

Operation:1. Install the software on your computer by running the setup file.

2. Connect cables to the coupler, PC, and radio.

3. Turn on power to the coupler and radio.

4. Coupler should come up in the bypass (untuned) state.

5. Double click the ÒSGC SmartTunerÓ icon.

6. In the Manual Tuner program, select proper COM port under the Ports menu.

7. In the Manual Tuner program, select Establish Link under the Run menu.

8. Radio may be placed in transmit if it is emitting less than 30 watts.



SG-235 Manual

BlackÑground

Red + 12VDC

PL Ð 259

To transmitter

SGÐ230PRO Smartuner (side view)

Wire antenna

Diagram of Smartuner Installation

Large ground (counterpoise) system

9 feet (2.8 meters)

Ground bolt

Antenna outputporcelainconnectors

Red/WhiteÑSmartlockcontrol line (optional)

Black/WhiteÑ

(See diagram onQuick Start atfront of manualfor cable details)

25 feet

SG-235 Smartuner

63© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



1111..00 TTrroouubblleesshhoooottiinngg tthhee SSGG--223355

Only a small number of installation mistakes can be made. These will fall intoone of several categories: ground fault, cable fault, and antenna fault. Thereis also a slight chance of an electrical fault in the coupler.

When you are troubleshooting the SG-235 and you understand that there arethree variables, you should change each variable, in sequence, to determinewhere the problem lies. If you change the ground, antenna, or supply volt-age, you are bound to change the performance of the coupler.

1111..11 GGrroouunndd FFaauullttss

Common ground faults include faulty counterpoise, indecisive ground, differing resistance, improper bonding, and problems resulting from inaccurate assumptions.

FFaauullttyy ccoouunntteerrppooiissee.. The most common problem encountered here is whenan installation has been made without a proper counterpoise. If the counter-poise is electrically smaller than the antenna, the system may load ÒupsidedownÓÑwhere the antenna acts as the counterpoise and the counterpoise radi-ates. When this condition occurs, the operator may encounter ÒRF BitesÓ fromtouching metal objects connected to the counterpoise.

IInnddeecc ii ss iivvee ggrroouunndd.. A second kind of ground fault occurs when the decisionwhether the ground or the antenna should radiate is difficult. When this con-dition is encountered (usually at a frequency where the counterpoise is nearresonance), the coupler may cycle repeatedly. This condition may be addressedas follows:

¥ You may give short bursts of CW and when the coupler stops in a tuned condition, as indicated by the remote tuned LED, you may invoke the SmartLock Pro Tune Lock function, thus forcing the coupler to retain correct settings.

¥ You may simply change the ground system so that it becomes larger than the antenna at the problem frequency.

DDii ff ff eerr iinngg rreess ii ss ttaannccee .. The third kind of ground fault which we encounteroccurs when a ground system and an antenna have very different electricalresistance. This happens when you install a very conductive copper antennawire in an aircraft. When the fuselage is used as a counterpoise, the alu-minum must be much bigger than would a copper ground because the inter-nal resistance of aluminum is significantly higher than copper.



SG-235 ManualBy the way, this is why we don't like to use aluminum ground wires as radials.Just as when aluminum is used in house wiring, several gauges larger areneeded to carry the same amount of current the same need applies here.

IImmpprrooppeerr bboonndd iinngg .. The fourth kind of ground fault you may encounteroccurs where the ground is not properly bonded to the coupler. We go to con-siderable effort to make sure the stainless steel ground stud is well connectedto the coupler.

Particularly in automobiles and aircraft, a single ground connection wwii ll ll nnoottddoo. It is mandatory that at least two ground bolt connections are used.

IInnaaccccuurraattee aassssuummpptt iioonnss .. The fifth situation to check for is what we callÒdangerous assumptionsÓ about the ground system. When you bond from theantenna coupler to copper or iron water pipes, you might make an assumptionthat the water pipes are a good ground. But in many installations, copper pipes are used in the building but a plastic main connects to themunicipal system outside the service entrance. So much for a good ground.

1111..22 AAnntteennnnaa FFaauullttss

The key to getting the most out of your Smartuner is to realize the antennabegins right at the high voltage screw on the SG-235 case. In other words, thisis the feed point of your antenna system. Failing to install your coupleraccordingly will result in unsatisfactory operation. With this concept in mind,you can easily avoid some of the common troubles with a properly plannedinstallation.

CCooaaxxiiaall ccaabbllee oonn oouuttppuutt .. Coax on the output is probably the single mostcommonly asked question about the coupler and is the most misunderstood. Letus reiterate: The Smartuner was not designed to feed a piece of coax.

SSttrraayy ggrroouunndd ccaappaacc ii ttaannccee .. Stray ground capacitance is the next largestcause of malfunctioning installations. If you have a long lead wire from thecoupler to a feed through (on a wall or bulkhead), you significantly increaseyour chance of problems. Wire running parallel to a grounded surface mayrepresent a significant capacitance to ground and, just as with coax, this willcause problems.

To give you an idea how these two points can cause problems, let us relate anincident which happened in late 1992. A Smartuner user had a couplerinstalled in a mobile ham radio installation. The coupler could not find a lockon several bands. After going through his installation carefully, the usercalled SGC for technical support. This user was nearing wits end.

In working through the logical troubleshooting process with him, we discov-ered that he had used coaxial feed line from the insulator on the coupler to theantenna feed point. Because he had read about the dangers of capacitance toground in an earlier edition of this manual, he did not have the coax shieldgrounded. We had him remove the ungrounded braid and the installationworked fine.

Experiences like this have taught us to be fanatical about using the shortestpossible wire and no coax on the output of the coupler.

Another key lesson here is that even if you have a low capacitance lead, ahigh capacitance antenna will not work well. If you have a whip type anten-na, mounted on the back of a van, you will have a large portion of the antennarunning right next to grounded sheet metal. This causes a high loss to ground,one reason why we do not recommend CB type whip antennas. The other rea-son is the base insulation in ball mounts is inadequate for everything butextremely low power.

LLoonngg lleeaadd ll iinneess .. If you have a Smartuner feeding a 9-foot antenna with a 1-foot feed line located inside a hull or inside a vehicle, you have 10% of theantenna where it will do you no good. If you have more than 5% of the anten-na inside a grounded cabin, you will begin to lose performance.

A good rule of thumb is that under one foot of feed line is a good installation,one to two feet aren't very good installations, and over two feet means you areasking for trouble.

ÒÒOOdddd rreeaaccttaannccee..ÓÓ The next category of antenna fault is what we call the ÒoddreactanceÓ problem. Although the Smartuner is an exceptionally welldesigned product, you may from time to time find an antenna length whichjust wonÕt quite work right. Generally this occurs when the Smartuner is hav-ing a tough time making up its mind about which of two tuning solutions isbetter. If it is a very close call, you can have an antenna which causes cyclingand just won't stay locked.

The solution in such cases is to add or subtract a couple of feet of wire from theantenna. This generally cures the problem.

As part of your checkout of an HF system, you should operate on all channelsand frequencies which you plan to use on a regular basis to insure the couplerand antenna which you have provided work well.

AA nn tt ee nn nn aa II nn ss uu ll aa tt oo rr. Sporadic operation may be caused by poor antennainsulators. We have seen on sailboats, for example, people trying to save

65© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual





SG-235 Manualmoney by expecting the fiberglass hull to act as an insulator and not using alower insulator. The hull is not a good insulator and a thin layer of wet saltwater will degrade the ground further. Similarly, mobile HF users who rely ona poor quality ballmount find these are especially prone to arc over inside theball mount where it is difficult to detect.

The point we are making here is simply this: you should have a leakage pathof 2 inches at all points on your antenna and especially in the area of the feedpoint: 10,000 to 30,000 volts of RF energy will not be adequately confined byinexpensive insulators.

1111..33 TTrraannssmmiitttteerr FFaauullttss

Some vexing problems don't relate directly to the antenna or the ground sys-tem but may nonetheless cause difficulties.

Here are two of the most common types:

OOssccii ll llaatt iioonn.. The transmitter may have a tendency to oscillate. The generalsymptom is that the coupler will work well with another radio but will nottune correctly when the desired radio is in place. The coupler finds a tuningsolution, as indicated by the remote tune indicator going on, but then resumeshunting. In a majority of cases this will be caused by an overly sensitivetransmitter final amplifier section or by inadequate shielding around theamplifier.

We know of several radios that oscillate relatively easier than most radiosbecause they are housed in a plastic case. A plastic case does not provide anadequate shield for serious RF components. In some of these cases, puttinggrounded foil around the radio, or changing the radio location and orienta-tion, has changed the symptoms. But if you want quality performance, select asolid radio.

PPoowweerr ssuuppppllyy .. Power supplies have been known to cause problems for HFusers because they change voltage when the load on them changes. If thetransmitter is drawing heavy current, as transmitters do when they are run-ning at peak input power, the voltage to the antenna coupler may changeenough to cause the coupler to either drop into a reset mode (under +11 VDCbeing present) or, the transmitter final amplifier impedance may changegreatly, thus changing the tuning solution.

To alleviate this condition, remember to use a power supply which has bothadequate current handling capacity and good dynamic regulation. Better yet,use a regulated power supply of an adequate rating.

1111..44 AA FFiinnaall PPooiinntteerr oonn TTrroouubblleesshhoooottiinngg

Remember that the SG-235 is an excellent piece of equipment which will giveoutstanding performance. If you have a problem with the coupler finding atuning solution, you should change one variable at a time.

67© 1998 SGC Inc

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SG-235 Manual

SSGGCC EEqquuiippmmeenntt SSttaannddaarrdd WWaarrrraannttyy

SGC wishes you to be satisfied with your new equipment purchase. This SGC product therefore is warranted to be without defect inworkmanship or materials for a period of one year from the date of purchase. Proof of a date of purchase is required when requestingwarranty service.

The warranty registration card which is furnished with this product should be returned immediately to provide evidence of purchaseand to assure receipt of important notices regarding your SGC equipment and related services.

In the event of a defect as defined above, SGC shall, at its option, either repair or replace the product free of charge to the purchaser,provided that:

1. The warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not assignable.

2. As a condition to obtaining warranty services, purchaser must at its own expense deliver the product to SGC's facility in King County, Washington. If purchaser returns a model that is no longer in stock, SGC reserves the option to replace that unit with another model with comparable capabilities. SGC may choose the carrier for return of the unit, provided that purchaser may request an alternative method of shipment.

3. This warranty is void if your SGC product:

a) has not been operated in accordance with all procedures described in the operating instructions;b) has been serviced, adapted or modified without written approval by SGC; orc) is improperly installed, used, or otherwise damaged (including without limitation any damage by fire, smoke or water).

4. There is no warranty coverage for any of the following:

a) costs of removing or reinstalling the product when submitted for warranty service;b) incidental, consequential or exemplary damages arising from any defect or failure of the product (except to the extent that applicable state law may not allow exclusions or limitations on such damages, in which case this exclusion may not apply to you);c) any non-performance of the product due to an inadequate or improperly tuned antenna or grounding system; d) transmission range or geographical coverage of the product, which are highly variable in each application;e) routine maintenance, periodic adjustment or performance testing of the product as recommended in the operating instructions; orf) normal wear and tear on the product.

5. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL CONSTITUTE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR YOUR PRODUCT. SGC DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

6. This limited warranty contains the complete obligations of SGC to pur chaser in connection with this product, and it shall upersede all previous oral or written statements or agreements concerning such obligations. This warranty may only be amended by a writing signed by an authorized officer of SGC.

7. After expiration of the warranty herein, SGC may continue to offer repair services to keep your equipment operational. Please inquire as to the prevailing charges for such service.

NNootteess

69© 1998 SGC Inc

SG-235 Manual



AppendixÑ QMS System

IntroductionSGCÕs QMS (Quick Mount System) is the newest addition to the many outstandingproducts manufactured by SGC, Inc. that incorporate the latest technologicaldevelopments in both design and craftsmanship. Featuring state of the arttechnology in microprocessor-based communication equipment, the QMS rep-resents high reliability backed by over 28 years of communication experience.

NOTE: SGC, Inc. retains the right to change, modify, delete and add to the QMS series at any time without notice.

Unpacking QMS We recommend unpacking the QMS antenna system and inspecting the con-tents. This is necessary to ensure that no damage has occurred due to shippingand that all items are accounted for as verified from the packing list as follows:

One QMS ManualOne Warranty CardOne QMS Black Anodized Assembly complete

with four straps (each two feet long)

Note: If the QMS is purchased in a package configuration, please refer to thecoupler and antenna manuals for their packing lists of the items supplied.

QMS Installation InstructionsThe QMS (Quick Mount System) antenna and coupler system can be mounted invirtually any location convenient to the user. Some consideration may begiven, however, to the items listed below:Installation Considerations

1. Locate the QMS system as far from the engine as possible. This shouldreduce interference generated by the engine, spark plug noise, etc. from get-ting into the antenna system.

2. If possible, mounting your QMS in an area clear of objects will reducethe danger of damaging the QMS. For instance, if driving in rough terrain, theQMS is likely to be hit by trees, stumps, or rocks. If the unit were mounted onthe back of the vehicle, damage would be less likely to occur than if a sidemount was used.

A-1© 1998 SGC Inc




A-2

3. If you will be traveling in an area where overhead restrictions mayprevent use of your SG-303 antenna, the antenna should be folded down andsecured to prevent damage from brush, trees, or low structures.

FFiigguurree AA--11ÑÑQQMMSS iinnssttaall llaattiioonn oonn tthhee rreeaarr ddeecckk ooff aa sseeddaann




QMSUniversalMountSystem

Suctioncups (4)

SG-303 antenna

See Inset

QMS Antenna TunerMounting Systemfor Your SSB

SG-235 Couplerinstalled inside QMS TM

enclosure

Straps andTensionBuckle

Detail

SGCAntenna

Coupler installedinside QMSenclosure

4. When connecting the coupler to the radio/transceiver, a passagewayfor the control cable (consisting of an RG-58 coax cable, control wire,power, and ground, plus the optional tuned indicator wire) will need to beprovided.Note: By removing the four screws for the ratchet mount base of the SG-303antenna, the mount can be installed or reinstalled to provide the user withthe set-up most suitable for the application. Insure the screws are tightlysecured after reinstallation.

5. Once a location for the QMS has been selected, mounting becomes asimple task. The QMS enclosure mounts in virtually any attitude and thestraps can be moved to either side of the enclosure to accommodate the vehi-cle (see Figures A-1, A-2, and A-3 for typical installations).

FFiigguurree AA--22ÑÑSSiiddee vviieeww ooff QQMMSS iinnssttaallllaattiioonn oonn tthhee ssiiddee ooff aa ssmmaallll vvaann

A-3© 1998 SGC Inc




MOUNTEDWITH FOURLARGESUCTIONCUPS

SG-303ANTENNA

STRAP A NDTENSIONBUCKLES

SIDEDETAIL

COUPLER INSTALLEDINSIDE THE QMSENCLOSURE

QMS ANTENNASYSTEM MOUNTING

SGCAntenna

A-4

FFiigguurree AA--33ÑÑMMoouunnttiinngg aattoopp llaarrggee ttrruucckk ccaabb

IInnssttaallllaattiioonn PPrreeccaauuttiioonnssTo ensure safe operation of your QMS system, the following installation,mechanical, and electrical precautions should always be taken:

1. Insure that all four straps are pulled down tightly and the suction cupfeet have been securely compressed.




SHEETS OF P APER WILL PRE VENTSUCTION CUPS FROM BECOMING

RE-ATTACHED DURINGPLACEMENT OR REMOVAL

CUP CUP

CUP CUP

BOTTOMQMS

DETAIL

SUCTION RELEASETAB

SUCTIONCUP

RUBBERENCAPSULATEDRING

SG-303 A NTENNASYSTEM

8 FT . WHIP A NTENNA

10"

QMS5" MA X

CONTROL CABLE9 FEET SUPPLIED

GROUND BRAID8 FEET SUPPLIED

STRAP &TENSIONBUCKLES

24" MA X

4"

18" LONG12" WIDE

24" MA X

PAPER PAPER

4 BEL TS MUST BE TIGHTENED UNTIL FULL COMPRESSIO NOF THE SUCTION CUPS IS ACHIE VED

SGC Antenna System

2. Insure that the high voltage wire protruding from your antenna systemis not routed near any metallic objects such as your vehicleÕs frame or metalposts. This wire is part of the flexible insulator of your QMS system.

3. Insure that the ground braid is attached to a good vehicle ground sys-tem. Do not run ground currents through any hinges. Be sure to make theground braid as short as possible. Remove all paint and rust from your ground-ing area. Remember, your ground system is one half of your antenna system.

4. Locate the control wire to the QMS, from the transceiver/radio, awayfrom any other wiring inside your vehicle. This control wire contains a highpower RF coax cable which can radiate into other wires (such as your head-to-transceiver control cables) causing feedback in your transceiver.

5. The webbing, buckles, and hooks of your QMS have a rating of 1,000pounds. Ensure that the hooks are attached to a suitable structure, such as atrunk lid, or something that will not cave in when the straps are pulled tightlyto secure the unit.

6. When locating the gutter clip (which secures your SG-303 antennawhen not in use), mount the unit in a location where the tip of the SG-303antenna is easily accessible for threading through the ÒOÓ ring. Failure tothread the SG-303 antenna could result in damage both to the antenna and toyour vehicle.

7. When the QMS system is securely fastened to your vehicle, route thecontrol cable to your transceiver. Any 150 watt PEP, 50 ½ transceiver may be

used. The control cable consists of four wires: one RG-58 coax cable and threesmall wires (for connections, refer to the SGC coupler manual).

8. Refer to QMS system illustration for dimensions and mounting details.When you are confident that items 1 through 8 have been thoroughlychecked, you are ready to install the tip of the SG-303 antenna. Be sure tosecure all items with the appropriate tool and to read all product manuals priorto installation or operation.

A-5© 1998 SGC Inc




In no case should the operator use fewer than the fourstraps provided to secure the unit. The suction cupsalone will not provide sufficient mounting for the QMS.

A-6

GGeenneerraall IInnssttaallllaattiioonn IInnffoorrmmaattiioonnThe mobile communication tips found below apply to any mobile installation,not merely to the QMS or other SGC product.

¥ For the best performance and radiation, always mount your antenna system on the highest part of the vehicle. Approximately 3 to 15 dB in radiation performance may be gained in simply re-positioning your antenna system from a low to a high point.¥ Never use your antenna system while the antenna is reclining against the body or the roof of the vehicle. In this situation, you may find your antenna system performance varies from 6 to 15dB making it difficult or impossible for your coupler to find a proper tuning position.¥ The noise generated in your vehicle can, in some cases, totally obliterate your receiving signal. A noise blanker cannot eliminate the noise; it can only help reduce the consequences associated with the noise generated. It may in some cases give you a clearer signal.¥ The most efficient way to approach a vehicular noise problem is to eliminate the noise at its source. Upon finding the source, use the appropriate technique to eliminate the noise, replacing the defective item if need be. Use only the appropriate filter component to filter out any noise (before it radiates to your antenna).¥ For the connection to the battery system of your radio, use a heavy gauge wire (not less than six gauge). Never use your chassis ground return for your negative line connection. DDooiinngg ssoo wwiill ll ccaauussee yyoouu ttoo lloossee ttoooo mmuucchh iinn ll iinnee vvoollttaaggee aanndd ppiicckk uupp uunn nneecceessssaarryy ee lleeccttrr iiccaall vveehhiicc llee nnooii ssee .. AAllwwaayyss mmaakkee aaddiirreecctt ccoonnnneecctt iioonn ffrroomm tthhee rraaddiioo ttoo tthhee bbaatttteerryy.. RReemmeemmbbeerr yyoouu nneeeedd aass mmuucchh iinnppuutt ppoowweerr aass ppoossssiibbllee ttoo ggeenneerraattee tthhee mmoosstt oouuttppuutt ppoowweerr ppoossssiibbllee..

¥ If you use your radio system often, you may consider the use of a small sealed 40 AH gel cell battery, which requires no service, mounted directly next to your radio. It will provide you the best overall performance and will eliminate a great deal of electrical noise you might find in your line.




WARNING: If you do not properly and securely attach this unit tothe vehicle and it comes loose, the speed of the vehicle maycause the unit to injure others.

UUssee ooff tthhee ggeell cceell ll bbaatt tteerryy mmaayy rreeqquuiirree aa lleesssseerr ggaauuggee wwiirree ttoo rreecchhaarrggee,, iinn ccoommppaarriissoonn ttoo tthhee llaarrggee wwiirree rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo ccoonnnneecctt tthhee rraaddiioo ddiirreecctt llyy ttoo tthhee mmaaiinn bbaatttteerryy..

¥ In the charging line of this auxiliary battery, you may want a diode of 100 Amp. capacity to allow the battery to be charged, so as not to discharge with the rest of the electrical system. (You could use this auxiliary battery, in an emergency situation, to jump the main battery. To do this, however, you must provide a local or remote switchto allow the battery to operate the electrical system of the vehicle (temporarily) to start the engine.)

AAddddiittiioonnaall IInnssttaallllaattiioonn SSuuggggeessttiioonnssSSuuccttiioonn CCuuppssProtecting Painted Surfaces When applying the high suction devices incorporated into the QMS, it is important to observe two important rules:¥ Surfaces must be cleaned prior to installation to prevent scratching.¥ Surfaces must be protected during removal to prevent marring.

EEll iimmiinnaatt iinngg DDaammaaggee ttoo PPaaiinntteedd SSuurrffaacceess .. The suction cups on your QMS are of extremely high quality. They will provide excellent service for many years provided you follow certain basic cautions when using them:¥ When you are applying the suction cups, prepare the surface by cleaning with mild detergent and rinsing thoroughly. The clean surface, free of scratches, will provide superior holding power.¥ If the QMS being applied has been used previously, the suction cups should be cleaned with mild detergent and water, then rinsed thoroughly.¥ Spread a thin layer of silicon grease, or pharmaceutical grade lubricant such as ÒVaseline,Ó around the edge of the suction cup where it comes in contact with the surface of the vehicle. Refer to Figure A-4 on the following page:

A-7© 1998 SGC Inc




A-8

This will prevent slow leakage of air, which will reduce the holding power of the suction cups over time. It will also protect the painted surface. If the surface of the vehicle is very rough, the installation procedure remains the same. The suction cup will have to be pressed against the vehicle surface in the same way, but more lubricant may be necessary.

TTiigghhtteenniinngg tthhee QQMMSS SSttrraappss .. The QMS enclosure must be tightly strapped to the vehicle. To ensure it is properly strapped, grab the base of the antenna mounted on the QMS and push firmly up and down. The vehicle should move up and down, but the QMS should not. If the QMS moves and the vehicle does not, increase the tension on the QMS straps.RReemmoovviinngg tthhee QQMMSS.. Wash the vehicle in the area around the suction cups before removing. This will reduce any chance of surface marring.¥ Release suction by applying a rolling sideways motion to the tabs on the suction cups as shown in the following drawing:




Apply silicon greaseto shaded area

Figure A-4ÑSuction Cup (underside view)

QMS Housing

Suction CupRelease Tabs

QMS Housing

Suction Cup Release Tabs

¥ To make removal of the unit easier, you may slide a piece of paperbetween the suction cup and the vehicle surface (see Figure A-3). In this way, each of the suction cup tabs may be loosened sequentially as shown:

SSttoorriinngg YYoouurr QQMMSS.. To store your QMS unit for long periods of time, apply a thin coating of talcum powder to the suction cups. This treatment increases the life span of rubber products.

A-9© 1998 SGC Inc




The Quick Mount Systemfor any mobile HF rig

No CompromiseCommunications

Q M S AntennaCoupler System

• QMS offers unsur-passed frequency agility needing no user intervention

• QMS includes SGCSmartuner automatic antenna coupler, extended full-range antenna, and weather resistant QMS package

© August, 1997 SGC, Inc.

QMS-b2 cat. #55-47includes the SG-230

(200W)1.8 to 30 MHz

SG-303 9 ft. antenna

QMS-b3 cat. #55-48includes the SG-235

(500W)3.0 to 30 MHz

SG-303 9 ft. antenna

QMS-a7 cat. #55-49includes the SG-231

(100W)1.0 to 60 MHz

Includes VHF bandsSG-307 7 ft. antenna

(QMS-7 not shown)

The SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th Street, P.O. Box 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USAPhone: 425-746-6310 FAX: 425-746-6384

E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.sgcworld.comNo Compromise Communicat ions

® 1-800-259-7331

QMS Descriptions:

Specifications:(QMS-7 specifications included on separate brochure.)

QMS-b2 cat.# 55-47QMS-b3 cat.# 55-48

Total QMS system weight:21 lb.

Overall QMS case dimensions18 x 12 x 5 in.

Housing finish:Black hard anodized

Maximum strap length: 5.5 ft.Maximum strap tension:

2000 lb.Strap width: 1 in.Maximum allowable vehiclespeed: 75 miles per hour

SG-230 cat. # 54-12SG-235 cat. # 54-15SG-230PRO cat. # 54-16SG-231* cat. # 54-17

HF Frequency range:SG-230 1.8 to 30 MHzSG-235 1.6 to 30 MHzSG-230PRO 1.6 to 30 MHzSG-231* 1.0 to 60 MHz

Input Impedance range:25 to 100 Ω

VSWR: Typical—less than 2:1DC input Voltage: 13.8 VDC

(SG-230 and SG-230PRO onlyoption: 24 VDC)

Input current: Average .9 ampsSG-235: 1.4 amps

Random set time: Typical—less than 2 seconds

Recurrent set time: Typical— less than 10 milliseconds

Non-volatile memory addresses: SG-230 = 500 SG-230PRO, SG-235 & SG-231 = 170

Frequency range: 1.8 to 30 MHz

Maximum Power:500 watts PEP voice or CW

Length: 9 ft., including adjustable ratchet mountEquivalent: 23-foot antennaDesign: helically wound

* use with QMS-7

The SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th Street, P.O. Box 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA

Phone: 425-746-6310 800-259-7331 FAX: 425-746-6384 425-746-7173 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.sgcworld.com


trap the QMS on your favorite family or business vehicle. You’llf ind it gives any HF-SSB superior frequency agility and exceptional performance.

The SGC Smartuner automatic antenna coupler, the SG-303extended full-range antenna, and the special exterior QMS mountingpackage comprise the QMS. Mounting coupler and antenna outsidethe vehicle reduces engine noise and interference.

It can be quickly installed and easily moved from vehicle tovehicle). No drilling or vehicle modifications are required. Industrial

suction cups secure the QMS to the vehicle, without damaging the finish, and high strength straps and buckles complete the job and givestructural integrity.

he SG-303 is a durable and lightweight antenna designed formobile applications. It’s a high efficiency radiator, by virtue of itsdual element design. In construction, a single fiberglass whip, helicallywound, has a primary resonance at 10 MHz and a secondary resonanceat 22 MHz. So at lower frequencies—those under approximately 20MHz—the SG-303 will vastly outperform a conventional 9-foot whipantenna. The QMS puts the entire antenna system outside the vehiclefor high efficiency and low noise.

he Smartuner HF antenna coupler is the working brain inside theQMS system. It automatically evaluates and switches 64 input and 32output capacitance combinations, plus 256 inductance combinations ina π network. The result is over a half-million different ways to ensure a perfectmatch between the transceiver and theantenna. Smartuner remembers the cho-sen frequency and tuning values and willautomatically reselect these values—inless than 10 ms—each time you transmiton that frequency. It operates with anyHF transceiver.

(See QMS-7 brochure for more options.)

The QMS Antenna System

QMS (Quick Mount System)

SMARTUNERS

SG-303 antenna cat. # 55-27

• microprocessorcontrolled

• non-volatile memory

• 16” D x 12” W x 3” H• 1.8 to 30MHz range• water resistant

S

T

T

®

©A

ugus

t, 19

97 S

GC

, Inc

.

When evaluating the 12 volt SG-500SmartPowerCubeTM, the key word is “smart.”because the SG-500 is not just another mind-

less mass of wire and diodes simply pumping powerdown the line. It’s an intelligent –microprocessor controlled– high powered linear amplifier. It constantlymonitors your HF-SSB’s activities, power needs andantenna condition, and automatically–in less than 15 milliseconds–selects the right broadband filter.

A bank of status LED’s on the front panel of theSmartPowerCubeTM functions as built-in test equipment(BITE) and allows the operator to quickly determine any

fault which has occurred. Backing up this user-friendly visual system, the SG-500’s microprocessorprotects the SmartPowerCubeTM from faults with preprogrammed shutdown procedures; in the eventof a microprocessor fault, the unit shuts down automatically.

The SG-500 is designed to do exceptional service in fixed, mobile, and marine applications.It’s an exceptionally rugged power source with acast aluminum enclosure and extra heavy dutyheat sinks, powder coat finish, and only themost durable electronic components andassembly techniques. In real world applications, it’s nearly indestructible.

It’s also very compact, taking up less than 1cubic foot of space. Considering how muchpower it produces, the SmartPowerCubeTM isremarkably light, around 21lb. (9.5kg.). So, itmay be heavyweight in performance, but it’sslim and trim for installation.

Most significantly, the SG-500 is specifical-ly designed to operate in an unattended man-ner. In other words, it’s ideal for installationswhere access to the amplifier is limited.

The SG-500SmartPowerCubeTM.

It’s high power,that’s intelligent,

at low cost.

The SmartPowerCubeTM producestremendous power– nearly as

much as a 1 kW amplifier. Ample heat sinks help it

reliably do the job.

SSGG--550000SSMMAARRTTPPOOWWEERRCCUUBBEE

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MMiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr CCoonnttrroolllleedd LLiinneeaarr

AAmmpplliiffiieerr

SGC, Inc., P.O. Box 3526 , Bellevue, WA 98009 USATel: 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331 Fax: 425-746-6384


©C

opyright October, 1997 S

GC

, Inc.SGC reserves the right to modify specifications without notice.

®

Dramatically boost yourpower, at low cost.

“No Compromise communications”

(cat. #52-96)

Power Output:SSB: 500 watts PEPCW: 500 watts 10 Min.

(no fan) 500 watts Unlimited with fan

AM: 250 watts Carrier max.

Frequency Range: 1.6-24 MHz (U.S.) (For

marine and ham use pending FCC approval) 1.6-30 MHz (Export)

Power Input: 50-90 watts (Automatic or preset) 90-150 watts

Band Switching: Fully AutomaticInput Voltage: 14.0 VDCInput Range: 10.0-18.0 VDCInput Current: 40 amps average (SSB)

90 amps peak, or for CW Cooling: Convection standardOptional Cooling: Cooling fansT/R Switching Time: 10 mS nominalBand Switch Time: 15 mS nominalKeying: Via PTT line (U.S.

version) PTT or RF Sense (Export)

Protection: Input overdrive Under voltage (adjustable): Factory default 10.0 VDC Amplifier module

current imbalance VSWR faultsFrequency out of specified range Over cur-rent Over temperatureBuilt-In Test Equipment: Microprocessor

controlled LED band fault indicatorModes Supported: SSB, CW, RRTY,

SITOR, ALE, SSTV, AM at 250 watts

Dimentions: 6Hx12.25Dx11.4W inches

With Optional Cooling Fans: Changes H to 9.75

inchesColor: Matte blackCase: Special aluminum

castingWeight: 21 lb. (9.5Kg)SG-500: catalog #52-96Fan Option: catalog #51-82

SGC reserves the right to modify specifications without notice.

SSGG--550000 SSmmaarrttPPoowweerrCCuubbee TM SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonnss::

1-800-259-7331SGC, Inc., P.O. Box 3526, Bellevue, WA

98009 USA Tel: 425-746-6310 Fax: 425-746-6384


©C

opyr

ight

Oct

ober

, 199

7 S

GC

, Inc

.

®

“No Compromise Communications”

Full 500 watt output.• The SG-500 produces enough power to be within 1 “S” unit (3dB) of a 1 kW amplifier.

Microprocessor Controlled:• Automatically adjusts amplifierinput sensitivity.• Monitors all parameters for faults (Heat, high VSWR, under voltage, etc.).• Automatically selects thecorrect filter band.• Export versions control transmit/receive switching.

Fully compatible with most HFequipment produced by SGC orother HF manufacturers.

Important Installation Tips:• The SmartPowerCubeTM should be located as close as possible tothe antenna or coupler.• When installing the SmartPowerCubeTM, be absolutely certain that your antenna will handle the power output.• Since some antennas are overrated, plan on using an antenna system which is designed for at least 1 kW of power. Antennas rated at 500 watts or less are likely to fail.• Avoid corona discharge by using “corona dope” to coat pointed metal parts on your antenna.• Antenna wire should be at leastAWG #8.• Feedline should be at least RG-8, with larger cable for runs over 25 feet.

Heavy duty cooling fan option forcontinuous CW use. (cat. #51-82)

SG-500 features microprocessorcontrolled LED bank faultindicators and extra heavy-dutyinput/output connections.

Only premium components andassembly techniques are utilized.The SG-500 is engineered andbuilt to reliably function, essentially unattended, in themost demanding conditions.

SG-235Specifications

HF FrequencyRanges 1.8 to 30MHz

PowerInput Range: 5 to 500 watts (PEP)

Input ImpedanceRange: 45 to 55 ohms

VSWR: Typical—less than 2:1

DC InputRequirement: +13.6VDC

DC OperatingRange: +10.5 to 15 VDC

Input Current: Average—.9 amps

Random SetTimes: Typical—less than

2 secondsRecurrent SetTimes: Typical— less than

10 millisecondsNon-volatileMemoryAddresses: 170

Antenna Length: Min. length 50 ft.,

3.0 MHzMin. length 300 ft.,

1.8 MHz

Installation: Any position

OperatingTemperature: -35° to +70°C

Environmental: Waterproof atimmersion of halfmeter, half hour

Size Overall: 16 D x 12 W x 3H inches40.6DS x 30.5W x 7.6H

centimeters

Weight: 8 pounds (3.5 kilos)

CaseConstruction: Plastic ABS

weatherproof case

Cable: SGC special cable, 25 feet coaxial and two power wire input wires, RMT tune and smartlock

coupler

antenna

Typical SG-303 Mobile Antenna Installations

Intelligent Tuning

The SG-235 isdesigned for maxi-mum flexibility. RF“pi” network hasover a half millionmicroprocessorcombinations

Intelligent Installation Enhancements

SmartLock Option.Provides two external controls for the SG-235:Locking function prevents re-tuningdespite changing antenna loads (e.g.,from passing trucks or from drivingbeneath an overpass); Reset functionforces the SG-235 into the retune cycleuntil the signal is transmitted again orallows receiver/scan operation in abroadband antenna mode. (Catalog No. 54-63)

QMS Automatic AntennaCoupler System.

Special external mounting system for SG-235. Gives anincredible boost in receiving and transmitting range—

between 3 and 20 dB gain! (Cat. No. 55-47)

Correct Top Mount Antenna Location

Correct Side Mount Antenna Location

Correct “Jeep” Mount Antenna Location

Correct Workboat (Metal Bridge) Location

Correct Powerboat (Flybridge Cruiser) Location

Correct Sailboat(Sloop Rig) Location


The SGC Building 13737 S.E. 26th Street, Bellevue, WA 98005 USABox 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331

FAX: 425-746-6384 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sgcworld.com

1-800-259-7331

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®

©A

ugus

t 199

8 S

GC

, Inc

.

antenna

SG-235500 watt Smartuner ™

Smart Tuning—Now at 500 watts.Now you can achieve perfect coupling of your

500-watt HF-SSB to your antenna.Now you can go mobileat 500 watts. The SG-235 Smartuner™ forms the perfect link

with any 500-watt amplifier for high power performance.

The SG-235 Smartuner™ “intelligently” tunesany length antenna from 23 feet! No preliminarytuning or adjustment is required, and the SG-235

will operate with any HF transceiver in the 1.8 to 30 MHz

range and with output power from 3 to 500 watts.

SG-235 Smartuner™ automatically evaluatesand switches 64 input and 32 output capacitancecombinations, plus 256 inductance combinationsin a “pi” network—over a half-million precisionmatches. SG-235 Smartuner™ then remembers thechosen frequency and tuning values and automat-ically reselects those values—in less than 10 ms,each time you select that frequency.

Flexibility is a key feature. It is available with anumber of attractive options, including a shockmount for military and extreme applications, plusa 24 VDC option.

For maximum range, clarity, and flexibility,with just about any HF-SSB, the SG-235Smartuner™ is your smartest choice.

Cat. No. 54-15The SGC Building 13737 S.E. 26th Street, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA

Box 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331 FAX: 425-746-6384 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com

Automatic Antenna Coupler forall HF-SSB Bandsand Modes

• Microprocessor Controlled, Precision,Automatic Antenna Tuning

• Non-Volatile Memory • Waterproof for All Weather Conditions• B.I.T.E. (Built-in Test Equipment)

indicator• 1.8 to 30 MHz Range• 3 to 500 watts Input Power• 10- ms Retuning Time• Tunes from 23 ft. Antennas at Full Power• For Marine, Aviation, Ham, and Para-

Military Applications

®

© August 1997 SGC, Inc.

Documents

SG-235 Smartuner - sgcworld.comsgcworld.com/Publications/Manuals/235man.pdf · 5.5 Low Profile, Hidden and Covert Antennas 31 5.5 Emergency Antennas 32 5.6 Kite Antenna 32 5.7 Tactical