SFD Week: 2-4 April 2019 “Designing and Implementing Affordable and Sustainable Sanitation for All”

@ AAETI campus

Environment Regulatory Framework for FSTP – Establishment & Operation

Prof. G. Bala SubramanyamAdministrative Staff College of Indiagbs@asci.org.in

Key Environmental Acts

Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)Act, 1974 as amended

Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution)Act, 1981 as amended

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as amended

Key Definitions – Water Act 1974

“Outlet"Includes any conduit pipe or channel, open or closed carrying sewage or trade

effluent or any other holding arrangement which causes, or is likely to cause,pollution;

“Sewage Effluent"Means effluent from any sewerage system or sewage disposal works and

includes sullage from open drains.

“Sewer"Means any conduit pipe or channel, open or closed, carrying sewage or trade

effluent.

Section 25 of Water Act:Restrictions on new outlets and discharges

Subject to the provisions of this section, no person shall, without theprevious consent of the State Board: establish or take any steps toestablish any industry, operation or process, or any treatment and disposalsystem or any extension or addition thereto, which is likely to dischargesewage or trade effluent into a stream or well or sewer or on land (suchdischarge being hereafter in this section referred to as discharge of sewage)

Section 44: Whoever contravenes the provisions of section 25 shall bepunishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than oneyear and six months but which may extend to six years and with fine.

Section 48 of Water Act:Offences by Government Departments

Where an offence under this Act has been committed by any Department ofGovernment, the Head of the Department shall be deemed to be guilty of theoffence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punishedaccordingly, PROVIDED that nothing contained in this section shall rendersuch Head of the Department liable to any punishment if he proves that theoffence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all duediligence to prevent the commission of such offence.

Key Definitions – Air Act, 1981

“Industrial Plant"Any plant used for any industrial or trade purposes and emitting any air

pollutant into the atmosphere

“Air Pollutant"Means means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance [(including noise)] present

in the atmosphere in such concentration as may be or tend to be injurious tohuman beings or other living creatures or plants or property or environment

Section 21 of Air Act:Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants

Subject to the provisions of this section, no person shall, without theprevious consent of the State Board, establish or operate any industrialplant in an air pollution control area

Do we need Environmental Clearance is required for STP/FSTP under EIA Notification,2006

No

Environmental Permits for Establishing FS Treatment System

• Need to obtain Consent to Establishment from SPCB beforeestablishing the treatment facility - Section 25 of Water Act 1974

– Site suitability

– Treatment system and designed norms for discharge

– Method of final disposal system / reuse

• Need to obtain Consent to Operate from SPCB before starting theoperation of the treatment facility – Section 25 of Water Act 1974

– Compliance with the Consent to Establish conditions

– Post project monitoring and compliance reporting / verification

Site Selection Criteria• No specific guidelines are notified under the Water Act for STPs• However, some SPCBs framed certain general guidelines.For example, the APPCB had framed guidelines from Transportation/Communication System as mentioned below:

– The distance between the boundary of the site and boundary of theNational Highway shall be -100 mState High way shall be – 50 mM.D.R./Village roads shall be – 25 m

Note: Need to consult the local PCB

Criteria for Site Selection for Landfill• The landfill site shall be:

– 100 meter away from river,

– 200 meter from a pond,

– 200 meter from highways, habitations, public parks and water supply wells

– 20 km away from airports or airbase.

• However in a special case, landfill site may be set up within a distance of 10 and 20 kmaway from the airport/airbase after obtaining no objection certificate from the civilaviation authority/ air force as the case may be.

• The landfill site shall not be permitted within the flood plains as recorded for the last 100years, zone of coastal regulation, wetland, critical habitat areas, sensitive eco-fragile areas

• Ref: Schedule I of SWM Rules, 2016

• Note: The above may be considered for FSTPs for guidance while doing preliminary sitesuitability scrutiny

CPCB Observation on Consent Management

STPs which are in operation without obtaining Consentto Operate needs to obtain consent from respectiveSPCBs without any further delay

Ref: Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plants in Central Zone bythe Central Pollution Control Board Zonal Office-Bhopal ; 2015

Norms of Discharge

• General Standards for Discharge of Effluent : MoEFCC, G.S.R422 (E) dated 19.05.1993 and G. S. R 801 (E) dated 31.12.1993.These standards are based on the receiving environment i.e. inlandsurface water, public sewers, land for irrigation and marinecoastal areas.

• CPCB Directions: CPCB issued directions to SPCBs under Section18(1)(b) of the Water(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974 vide File No. A-19014/43/06-MON dated 21st April 2015.

• Standards for Sewage Treatment Plant : MoEFCC, G.S.R.1265(E)dated 13th October 2017 notified standards

General Standards for Discharge of EffluentParameter Standards

Inland Surface

water

Public Sewers Land for

irrigation

Marine coastal

areas

pH 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0

Suspended Solids(mg/l) 100 600 200 100

Oil &Grease (mg/l) 10 20 10 20

BOD (3 days at 27°C

(mg/l)

30 350 100 100

COD (mg/l) 250 - - - - 250

Ammonical Nitrogen (as

N) (mg/l)

50 50 -- 50

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

as NH3 (mg/l)

100 -- -- 100

BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand

http://cpcb.nic.in/generalstandards.pdf

CPCB Directions Regarding Treatment and Utilization of Sewage

http://cpcb.nic.in/directions-spcb-18-1-b/ : Point No.18http://cpcb.nic.in/displaypdf.php?id=ZGlyZWN0aW9uL01haGFyYXNodHJhX3N3Z18xOCgxKShiKV8yMDE1LnBkZg==

Parameter Standard s of New STPs ( Design after

notification date)*

pH (mg/l) 6.5 – 9.0

BOD (mg/l) Not more than 10

COD (mg/l) Not more than 50

TSS(mg/l) Not more than 20

NH4 – N (mg/l) Not more than 5

N – Total (mg/l) Not more than 10

Fecal Coliform ( MPN / 1000 ml) Less than 100

•These standards will be applicable for discharge in water resource as well as for land disposal.

The standards for Fecal Coliform may not be applied for use of treated sewage in industrial

purposes

•Achievements of standards for existing STPs within 05 years from date of notification

STP Discharge New Norms

Parameter New Standards *

Location Concentration

not to exceed pH Anywhere in the country 6.5 to 9.0

BOD (mg/l) Metro Cities*, all State Capitals except in the State of Arunachal

Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura

Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir, and

Union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Dadar and

Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep

20

Areas/regions other than mentioned above 30

TSS (mg/l) Metro Cities*, all State Capitals except in the State of Arunachal

Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura

Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir and

Union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Dadar and Nagar

Haveli Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep

<50

Areas/regions other than mentioned above <100

Faecal Coliform

(MPN/100 ml)

Anywhere in the country <1000

Source: G.S.R.1265(E) dated 13th October 2017 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India

http://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/Industry-Specific-Standards/Effluent/105-sewage_treatment_plants.pdf

Standards for Composting – Schedule II of SWM Rules 2016

http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/SWM%202016.pdf : Schedule II

• Compost shall meet the standards of Fertilizer Control Order. Thefollowing specifications for compost quality shall be met:

Parameters Organic Compost (FCO

2009)

Phosphate Rich Organic

Manure (FCO 2013)

Arsenic (mg/Kg) 10.00 10.00

Cadmium (mg/Kg) 5.00 5.00

Chromium (mg/Kg) 50.00 50.00

Copper (mg/Kg) 300.00 300.00

Lead (mg/Kg) 100.00 100.00

Mercury (mg/Kg) 0.15 0.15

Nickel (mg/Kg) 50.00 50.00

Zinc (mg/Kg) 1000.00 1000.00

Standards for Composting – Schedule II of SWM Rules 2016

http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/SWM%202016.pdf : Schedule II

Parameters Organic Compost (FCO

2009)

Phosphate Rich Organic

Manure (FCO 2013)

C/N ratio <20 Less than 20:1

pH 6.5-7.5 (1:5 solution) maximum 6.7

Moisture, percent by weight,

maximum

15.0-25.0 25.0

Bulk density (g/cm3 ) <1.0 Less than1.6

Total Organic Carbon, per cent

by weight, minimum

12.0 7.9

Total Nitrogen (as N), per cent

by weight, minimum

0.8 0.4

Total Phosphate (as P205)

percent by weight, minimum

0.4 10.4

Total Potassium (as K20),

percent by weight, minimum

0.4 -

Colour Dark brown to black

Standards for Composting – Schedule II of SWM Rules 2016

http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/SWM%202016.pdf : Schedule II

Parameters Organic Compost

(FCO 2009)

Phosphate Rich Organic

Manure (FCO 2013)

Odour Absence of foul Odor -

Particle size Minimum 90%

material should pass

through 4.0 mm IS

sieve

Minimum 90% material

should pass through 4.0 mm

IS sieve

Conductivity (as dsm-1),

not more than

4.0 8.2

* Compost (final product) exceeding the above stated concentration limits shall

not be used for food crops. However, it may be utilized for purposes other than

growing food crops.

Categorization of Industry for Consent Management by PCB

Karnataka PCB

• https://www.kspcb.gov.in/consentCategory.html

Punjab PCB

• http://www.ppcb.gov.in/Categorisation.aspx

• http://www.ppcb.gov.in/Attachments/Categorisation%20of%20Industries/Red%20Category%20Industries.pdf

Consent Management for FSTP at A.P. and Telangana

Consent Management Procedure• Consent Application to be filed online along with prescribed fee and

documents• Regional Officer reviews the application and undertake site inspection

and submits his report to the zonal office• At zonal office, the consent management committee headed by zonal

officer along with few independent expert members will review theapplication and field report and take a decision to issue consent or seekclarification or reject

• FSTP at Warangal and Narsapur have obtained Consent forEstablishment (CFE) and Consent for Operation (CFO) from TSPCB andAPPCB respectively

Documents to be submitted along with CFE Application

• Need to checkup with the respective SPCBs

• In case of APPCB, the following are documents are needed:

– CFE application form – on line submission– CFE fee– Map indicating the site location with approach road including the adjacent areas on all

four sides duly marking nearby villages, water tanks (cheruvus /kuntas), other sensitiveareas like hospitals, schools, tempels. Topo plan or Google map

– Site layout plan drawn to the scale clearly showing the green belt provision– Detailed process description along with a Flow Chart indicating sources of waste

water generation, air emissions, hazardous waste generation– Environmental Management Plan (EMP)– Categorization for Consent Management – by SPCB

Consent for Establishment – Warangal FSTP

Consent for Operation – Warangal FSTP

Important Conditions Stipulated

Standards for Liquid Discharge: Schedule B, Condition 4Effluent Source Standards to be complied Mode of Final Disposal

Process & Washings(12.0 KLD)

pH - 5.5 - 9.0,TSS - 200.0 mg/lOil & Grease - 10.0 mg /lBOD(3 days at 270 C ) - 30.0 mg /l

Treated water shall be utilizedfor greenbelt developmentwithin the premises and excessshall be supplied to themunicipality for greenbeltdevelopment.

Domestic (0.8 KLD)

DG Set Stack Height: Schedule A, Condition 2The industry shall provide a minimum stack height to the D.G. set as

per the following formulaH = h+0.2√KVA

KVA = Total generation capacity, h= Height of the building where DG set is installed

Consent for Establishment – Narsapur FSTP

Consent for Operation – Narsapur FSTP

Important Conditions Stipulated

Standards for Liquid Discharge: Schedule B, Condition 7Effluent Source Treatment Mode of Final Disposal Limiting Standards

Process & utilities &Domestic

Screening Chamber & Anaerobictank, Polymerization chamber,solid –liquid separation with Geotube technology then liquidfiltration of effluent by sand filter,Activated carbon filter and UVradiation

Treated water shall beutilized for greenbeltdevelopment within thepremises and excess shall besupplied to the municipalityfor greenbelt development.

pH - 5.5 - 9.0, TSS - 200.0mg /l, BOD(3 days at 270 C) - 100.0 mg /l, COD – 250mg /l & Oil & Grease - 10.0mg /l & Helminths <=1

Standards for Ambient Air Quality: Schedule B, Condition 11S.No Parameters Standards in µg/m3

1 Particulate Matter (PM10) 100

2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 60

3 SO2 80

4 NOx 80

Judicial Intervention on STPs•The Chief Engineer of Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam along with the concerned officers and the Contractor who has prepared the DPR for establishment of the 3 MLD and 6 MLD STP at Garh drain should be present before the Tribunal on 13th February, 2017.

•They should show what survey was conducted, data prepared in support of DPR and consequently for the STP.e

•We make it clear thatof default, the salary of Chief Engineer as well as that of the concerned officer shall remain attached.

•List these matters on 13th February, 2017.

Source: BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL, PRINCIPAL BENCH, NEW DELHI Original Application No. 200/2014 (C.W.P. No. 3727/1985) And Original Application No. 501 of 2014 (M.A. No. 404 of 2015) And Original Application No. 146 of 2015 And Appeal No. 63 of 2015 -http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/Garh%20drain%20Ganga%20pollution%20NGT%20Order.pdf

Specific Regulations – Stakeholder Responsibilities and Compliance Requirements – EP Act,1986

• Solid Waste Management Rule, 2016Solid Waste

• Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016C & D Waste

• Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016Plastic Waste

• E – Waste Management Rules, 2016E – Waste

• Bio – Medical ( Management & Handling) Rules, 2016Bio – Medical Waste

• Batteries ( Management & Handling) Rules, as amended 2010Battery Waste

• Hazardous & Other Wastes ( M& TM) Rules, 2016 Hazardous Waste

?Faecal Sludge

Way Forward

• Need to work out closely with CPCB and MoEFCC– For bringing a Technical Guidance Document for FSTPs and to

bring specific environmental regulations under the provisions ofE(P) Act, 1986 for FSTPs.

– Environmental norms notified under the provisions of E(P) Act1986 – defines the discharge norms either for waste water or solidwaste and post project monitoring protocols