Upload
others
View
16
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 1 Nexans SuperConductors
Achim Hobl, Joachim Bock, Steffen Elschner
Nexans SuperConductors GmbH
Chemiepark Knapsack
50351 Hürth, Germany
SFCL for Power Grid
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 2 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline
1. Motivation
2. Classification of SFCLs
3. SFCL in Power Station:
Vattenfall - Ensystrob
4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW
5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity
6. Summary
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 3 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline
1.Motivation
2. Classification of SFCLs
3. SFCL in Power Station:
Vattenfall - Ensystrob
4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW
5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity
6. Summary
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 4 Nexans SuperConductors
Need for Fault Level Control
in the Grids
Increase in distributed generation
„Energiewende“
Ageing of grid
infrastructure
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 5 Nexans SuperConductors
Equipment malfunction or failure
Caused by environmental effects
At any position
At arbitraty short circuit resistance
Short Circuits
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 6 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline
1. Motivation
2.Classification of SFCLs
3. SFCL in Power Station:
Vattenfall - Ensystrob
4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW
5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity
6. Summary
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 7 Nexans SuperConductors
SFCL
Type
Superconductor
Material
Application
SFCL
Type
Saturated
core
Shielded
core
Resistive
type
Superconductor
Material
BSCCO
bulk
BSCCO
tape
YBCO
tape
MgB2
Application
Auxiliary
Supply
Bus bar
coupling
Transformer
feeder
HTS cable
protection
…
Different Classifications of SFCL
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 8 Nexans SuperConductors
Classification Type
Pre-Saturated Iron Core
+ no quench of the superconductor
+ can be without interruption
– large volume and weight
– low level of limitation
– relatively high impedance
FCL
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 9 Nexans SuperConductors
Classification Type
Shielded Iron Core
+ no current leads to cryogenics
+ can be without interruption
– large volume and weight
– needs non-metal cryostat
– relatively high impedance
FCL
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 10 Nexans SuperConductors
Classification Type
Resistive Limitation
+ compact
+ intrinsically safe
+ strong limitation
+ independent of short circuit level
– current leads to low temperature
– may need interruption
FCL
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 11 Nexans SuperConductors
Classification Type
Limitation Comparison
Saturated Iron Core
current
im
ped
an
ce
Resistive FCL
resista
nce
in
du
cta
nce
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 12 Nexans SuperConductors
Classification Type
SFCL Projects / Installations Realized
Saturated Core
(S)FCL
• InnoPower
• Zenergy ASL
• GridON
• …
Shielded Core
SFCL
• ABB
(stopped)
• Bruker EST
(stopped)
• …
Resistive SFCL
• Siemens/AMSC
• Varian Power
Systems
• KEPRI
• RSE
• Nexans
• …
Industrial Activities / In-grid Installations
Superconducting FCL
(selected examples)
Also first HV Installation / Concepts
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 13 Nexans SuperConductors
Classification
Superconductor
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Vo
lta
ge
I/Ic
U bulk (n=9)
U tape (n=20)
Properties Tape
(in comparison):
• “Sharper”
transition
• Faster limitation
• Stronger
limitation
• Potentially lower
AC losses
• More sensitive
to overcurrent
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 14 Nexans SuperConductors
Parameter Tape "A" Tape "B" Tape "C" Tape "D"
Sin
gle
ta
pe
@ 7
7 K
Critical current (A) 340 250 500 470
Type of substrate nonmagn. magn. magn. nonmagn.
Tape dimensions w x t (mm x mm) 12 x 0.11 12 x 0.25 12 x 0.32 10 x 0.12
Limited peak short circuit current (Ip/Ic)
2.4 5.5 3.7 3.1
Limited short circuit current (Irms/Ic)
0.78 1.5 1.0 0.85
Limitation Behavior of
Different YBCO HTS Tapes
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 15 Nexans SuperConductors
Sh
ort circu
it cu
rren
t (I/Ic)
Time (ms)
Limitation Behavior of
Different YBCO HTS Tapes
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 16 Nexans SuperConductors
1 Generator feeder
2 Power station auxiliaries
3 Network coupling
4,5 Busbar coupling
6 Shunting current limiting reactor
7 Transformer feeder
8 Outgoing feeder
9 Combination with other SC devices,
especially SC cables
10 Coupling local generating units
11 Closing ring circuits
© Mathis Noe, KIT
Transmission network (e.g. 380 kV)
Distribution
Network
(e.g. 110 kV)
Distribution
Network
(e.g. 110 kV)
Distribution
Network
(e.g. 110 kV)
FCL FCL
FCL
FCL
FCL
FCL FCL
FCL
FCL
FCL
7
8
6 FCL
9 9
1
2
5
10
11
3
4
FCL
Applications of SFCL
Vattenfall,
Ensystrob
ECCOFLOW
AmpaCity
}
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 17 Nexans SuperConductors
12 kV, 800 A 12 kV, 100 A 12 kV, 400 A
11/2009 2011 10/2009
Bi 2212 bulk
State-of-the-Art
SFCL
12 kV, 600 A 12 kV, 2.3 kA 24 kV, 1 kA
10/2011 2013
YBCO tapes
2013
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 18 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline
1. Motivation
2. Classification of SFCLs
3.SFCL in Power Station:
Vattenfall - Ensystrob
4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW
5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity
6. Summary
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 19 Nexans SuperConductors
Why SFCL in Power Stations?
e.g. Vattenfall Station Boxberg
Very low impedance netwoks for high voltage stability
Huge lengths of MV cables
One SFCL protects > 20 circuit breakers
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 20 Nexans SuperConductors
Component Module One phase Assy into a
cryostat
FCL
System Assembly
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 21 Nexans SuperConductors
Realisation of the SFCL for Vattenfall
BSCCO Bulk SFCL
System Assembly
Open System
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 22 Nexans SuperConductors
SFCL installation
In Boxberg Power Station
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 23 Nexans SuperConductors
Limiter
component
Module
System
ENSYSTROB
Worldwide first YBCO cc FCL in-grid
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 24 Nexans SuperConductors
Tests:
• 12 kV/ 63 kA (prosp. peak)
• 3 x 3-phase short circuit
• 2 x 2-phase short circuit
ENSYSTROB
High Power Test
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 25 Nexans SuperConductors
L1, L2, L3
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51
time [s]
cu
rre
nt
[kA
]
L1 L2 L3
L1, L2, L3
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51
time [s]
cu
rre
nt
[kA
]
L1, L2, L3
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51
time [s]
cu
rre
nt
[kA
]
L1 L2 L3 prospective [A]
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 26 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline
1. Motivation
2. Classification of SFCLs
3. SFCL in Power Station:
Vattenfall - Ensystrob
4.SFCL in Distribution Grids:
ECCOFLOW
5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity
6. Summary
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 27 Nexans SuperConductors
Partners of the ECCOFLOW Project
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 28 Nexans SuperConductors
Palma
Kosice
ECCOFLOW
Installation Sites
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 29 Nexans SuperConductors
ECCOFLOW
Specification
ENDESA VSE ECCOFLOW
rated voltage 16.5 kV 24 kV 24 kV
rated current 1000 A 1005 A 1005 A
max. prospective current (peak) 22 kA 26 kA 26 kA
max. limited current (peak) 10.8 kA 17 kA 10.8 kA
fault duration 1 s 120 ms 1 s
HTS limitation time 80 ms 80 ms 80 ms
recovery time < 30 s < 30 s < 30 s
AC withstand voltage 50 kV 50 kV 50 kV
lightning impulse 125 kV 125 kV 125 kV
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 30 Nexans SuperConductors
..
. HTS component
Cryostat
HTS module
Bushing
Current leads
LN2
Circuit breaker Air coil
Cooling
SCFCL system
Grid impedance
..
.
LN2
..
.
LN2
GM cryocooler
Grid interface
Grid interface
System Overview
Cryostat 3-in-1
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 31 Nexans SuperConductors
Conductor Quench Modelling
Including Inhomogeneity
Hot spots are the highest risk in a tape for FCL application
Occurs on the weakest parts of the tape
Tape is never perfectly homogenous, but how much inhomogeneous?
Measurements on 600 m provided by manufacturer
Inhomogeneity included in modelling randomized distribution
Model itself «included» in a grid model
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 32 Nexans SuperConductors
Conductor Quench Modelling Results
Selected cc-tape:
Tape width: 12 mm
Critical current: 380 A
Silver thickness: 4 µm
Model used to determine the safest and most economic
stabilization
No problems occur for low
impedance faults (high fault
currents)
Problems most critical at about
15 Ω impedance in
ECCOFLOW grid
configurations
Stabilization must sustain most
critical events
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 33 Nexans SuperConductors
Tested @ 1 kArms / 800 Vrms
Warm-cold cycles : > 10 times
limitation behaviour: > 60 full short-circuit faults
nominal current: 1005 A for 30 minutes
partial loads: 2.5 x Ic to 1 x Ic
Component testing
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 34 Nexans SuperConductors
Closed Cooling System
• Cooling ensured by two
Cryocoolers:
– Cryomech AL600
– Oerlikon Leybold 250MD
Cryostat 3-in-1
• Temperature
control:
– Circulation ensured by the
condensation of the GN2
– LN2 bath controlled with
the cryocoolers and heater
regulation
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 35 Nexans SuperConductors
Container with
• Cryostat
• 2 cold heads
• Water chiller
• Control system
• UPS
Cryostat Assembly to Container
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 36 Nexans SuperConductors
3 D CAD View
CB2 CB1
Air Core Reactors
SFCLL
SFCL Device
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 37 Nexans SuperConductors
VSE
Graph of limited
current, Endesa
Total current and
current through SFCL,
Endesa.
Spec. < 10.8 kA peak
Total current and
current through SFCL,
VSE.
Spec. < 17 kA peak
ECCOFLOW
Results of Limitation Tests
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 38 Nexans SuperConductors
ECCOFLOW
AC Losses
ECCOFLOW: AC-losses
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Po
we
r [W
]
Curren [A]
L1 (R) [W]
L2 (S) [W]
L3 (T) [W]
CL (calc.) [W]
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 39 Nexans SuperConductors
SFCL Container arrived in Palma
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 40 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline
1. Motivation
2. Classification of SFCLs
3. SFCL in Power Station:
Vattenfall - Ensystrob
4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW
5.SFCL in HTS Cable
Protection: AmpaCity
6. Summary
AmpaCity
HTS Cable for Inner City Applications
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 42 Nexans SuperConductors
Substation
Herkules
Substation
Dellbrügge
Joint
Technical specifications:
Rated voltage: 10 kV
Design current: 2310 A (40 MVA)
Lenght: 1 km
Luftbild: "Darstellung aus HK Luftbilder / Karten Lizenz Nr. 197 / 2012 mit
Genehmigung vom Amt für Geoinformation, Vermessung und Kataster der
Stadt Essen vom 13.02.2012"
Cable track in Essen
• FCL
• Cooling System
• HTS Cable
Termination
• HTS Cable
Termination No more HV transformer in city centre
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 43 Nexans SuperConductors
Completed FCL
Transportation to High Power Test Lab
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 44 Nexans SuperConductors
-60000
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
Time [s]
Prospective and limited currents - AmpaCity
iL1
iL2
iL3
AmpaCity FCL
Limitation
High Power Test at the IPH, Berlin
-60000
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
Time [s]
Prospective and limited currents - AmpaCity
iL1
iL2
iL3
iL1, lim
iL2, lim
iL3, lim
-16000
-12000
-8000
-4000
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
Time [s]
Prospective and limited currents - AmpaCity
iL1
iL2
iL3
iL1, lim
iL2, lim
iL3, lim
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 45 Nexans SuperConductors
AmpaCity
AC Losses
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Po
we
r [W
]
Current [A]
L1 [W]
L2 [W]
L3 [W]
CL (calc.) [W]
AmpaCity FCL: AC-losses
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 46 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline
1. Motivation
2. Classification of SFCLs
3. SFCL in Power Station:
Vattenfall - Ensystrob
4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW
5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity
6.Summary
Achim Hobl
Monday, 23 September 2013
No 47 Nexans SuperConductors
• MV SFCLs can be well applied for
– Protection of HTS cable
– Burbar coupling
– Transformer feeder
– Power station auxiliaries
– Local networks
– Additional in-feed (renewable generation)
• Proven application in different in-grid installations
• Experience with different cooling options (open/closed)
• First HV applications coming up
Summary