sfa]nL æPÆ s ljB't cfof]hgf - BPCbpc.com.np/images/disclosure/ctC__04executive_summary_of... · 2018. 5. 10. · Executive summary of KAHEP EIA in Khaling Rai Language 3 (SAP) of]

Executive summary of KAHEP EIA in Khaling Rai Language

sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8

sfa]nL æPÆ s" ljB't cfof]hgf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg

sfo{sf/L sfsôfO{

@)!# h'nfO{aL


2

vflnª /fO{

sfa]nL æPÆ s" ljB't cfof]hgf k"jL{ g]kfnkf] tfKn]h'ª lhNnf kf] tdf]/ bLkf] ˆNof]Kof bL sfa]nL bLjL

cfwfl/t #&=^ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfkf] Green Field Peaking run of the river s" ljB't kl/of]hgf :of]

.

sfo{sf/L sfsôfO{

a'6jn kfj/ sDkgL dftxtkf] sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of Tof cfof]hgf ;+rfngkf] lhDd]jf/L

lgjf{x Do'tf]ª Uof] . sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8cof sfa]nL æPÆ s" ljB't cfof]hgfkf] k|a4{gkf] a|aL

ljB't ljsf; ljefu (DOED) sf]nf] cfof]hgf ljsf; ;Demf}tf Do'Tofd Uof] . sfa]nL OghL{

lnld6]8cof ljZj a}+s ;d"xsf]nf] s'n ;f9] ;ft s/f]8 cd]/LsL 8n/ dfu Do'Tofd Uof] . Dofuf]aL

s" ljB't nufgL dgf ljsf; sDkgL lnld6]8 (HIDCL) ns IFC ;f9] ;ft s/f]8 cd]/LsL 8n/

al/i7 shf{ dgf IBRD-IDA ns Eofn s/f]8 cd]/LsL 8n/ ck|wfg shf{ k|fKt 5' .

b]zaL ljBdfg phf{ ;+s6c\of cy{tGqaL cfqmfGt Do"Tofd Uof] . phf{ If]qkf] ljsf; c\ofgaLd\

kl/k|]IoaL ckl/xfo{ Uof]vf]of] ;fj{hlgs dgf tfkf] Jofjwfg v8f 5'SKof Uof] . tfkf] (IFC, CCCP,

KEL) dgf ;fj{hlgs If]qkf] (IDA) ;fem]bf/L ns sfa]nL æPÆ s" ljB't cfof]hgfc\of phf{ If]qaL

gofF Ifdtf ljsf; Do'Gof ˆNof]Kofb\o" . IDA kf] cfly{s ;xfotfaL y'SKof sfa]nL k|;f/0f cfof]hgf

ns IDA c\of sfa]nL sl/8f]/ uf]aL sfa]nL P s" ljB't cfof]hgf nufot jªfd cfof]hgfkf]

;xfotfaL phf{ lasf;aL 6]jf x\jfgKofGof nIo NjfDKof Uof] . Dofsf]nf] Tof kl/of]hgfc\of Dof If]qkf] ;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf;aL ;s/fTds of]ubfg £jfgKofGof ck]Iff Do"GKof Uof] .

;g\ @)!) kf] clk|n scf ;g @)!! d] cu:6 ;f]Ddf] cfof]hgf ljlzi6 jftfa/0fLo d"Nofªsg

cWoogx\ofd ;+rfng Do"GKof uf]Tof . pQm cWoog Xofd k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0fkf] ?kaL

kl/0ft 5\o'STof . g]kfnkf] jftfj/0f sfg"g cg';f/ tof/ 5\o'STof pQm k|ltj]bgaL ;g\ @)!!

Gff]e]Da/ !# kf] Gof]n g]kfn ;/sf/kf] jftfj/0f dGqfnokf] :jLs[t k|bfg Do'Gof uf]Tof . Tof

cfof]hgfaL ljZj a}+s ;d"xc\of …;d"x sÚ aL alu{s[t Do"Tofd uf]Tof . Tof pt';c\of, ;g\ @)!! kf]

cui6 Do"ODofaL ljZj a}+s dgf IFC kf] ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 9fFrf cg'?k

cfof]hgf ljlzi6 jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg tof/ 5\o'STof . ;g\ @)!) dgf @)!! kf] bf}/fg

lj:t[t ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg cWoog x\ofd of] ;+rfng 5\o'STof . Tof Vof]aL ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf


3

(SAP) of] tof/ Do';cf Dof uf]lad k'gjf{; d'cfAhf gofF lhljsfkfh{g ;xfotf of]hgf (RCLAP)

n}lËs Sofd of]hgf dgf cflbjf;L dgf sdhf]/ ;d'bfo ljsf; of]hgf (IVCDP) of] 5'g' . df]nf] Tof

cWoog dgf of]hgfXofd aªfd k|ltj]bgkf] cË Uof]lddc\of jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg k|ltj]bgaL

lj/n} tªª pNn]v Do"GKof Uof]g' . cfof]hgf If]q:yfgLo ;d'bfokf] ul/aL dgf cfof]hgfns

cdx\ofdkf] ck]IffaL dWogh/ Do'tf] sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8 ns lgld{t ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfc\of

k|lts'n k|efj Go"gLs/0f afx]s cfof]hgf :yn TofDof ;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf;kf] pkfox\ofdaL

;xof]u dgf k|a4{g Dofg' .Tof pkfox\ofdaL cfo cfocfh{gd"ns sfo{qmd, Joj;flos ;Lk tflnd,

vfg]kfgL :jf:Yo ;]jf ljBfno dgf ;8skf] Joj:yf dgf ;'wf/ x]ªldd\ sfo{qmdx\ofd 5'g' . Tof

uf]aL :yfgLo ;d'bfokf] cfu|xaL sfa]nL k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgfaL cGtu{t g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fkf]

Joj:yfkgaL cfof]hgf ;+rfng 5'SKof uf=lj=;=x\ofdaL lu|8 ljB'tkf] k|aGw Vof]n]s d'Vo pkfo 5' .

Tof cfof]hgfc\of :yfgLo afl;Gbfkf] a|aL /f]huf/Lkf] cj;/x\ofd ;[hgf Dof dgf Tof cj;/Xofdkf]

a|aL tof/ Do'Gof Jo;flos tflndkf] sfo{qmdx\ofdkf] :j?k lgdf{0f 5' .

;g\ @)!! dgf @)!# aL sfa]nL bLkf] s' VofGKof If]qaL o'snfd kof{a/0fLo k|jfx kf]

kof{Kt, bLkf] pb\ud:yny ªof] VofO{lsnf] 5'SKof ;DefJo hf]lvd cfof]hgf pRr IfdtfaL ;+rfng

5'nf] ptf/r9fak"0f{ s" kf] k|jfxns pTkGg 5'SKof c;/ dgf sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8aL k|efjsf/L

Gof"gLs/0f pkfoXofd tof/ Do'Gof ;xof]u Do'Kof ljifox\ofdaL :yfgLo dgf cGt/fli6«o

lj1x\ofdkf] /fo ;+sng Do'Gof yk cWoogx\ofd ;+rfng 5'STof . ;fy} cfof]hgf If]q TofDof,

cfof]hgfns k|efljt ljkGg ju{, d]N;]d, blnt -wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s dgf

P]ltxfl;s ?kaL pTkL8gaL 5'SKof dgf l;dfGts[t s' do'SKof ;d'bfo_ dgf cflbjf;L hgtf

nufot :yfgLo ;d'bfokf] ck]Iff dgf a[xt ;dy{g dgf ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg k|ltj]bgkf] lgisif{

dgf lgrf]8 hfFRg dgf k'li6 Do'Gof yk k/fdz{ x\ofd ;+rfng Uof]g' . ;g\ @)!@ kf] km]j|j/L dgf

@)!# kf] clk|n dgf h'nfO{aL aªfd cWoog ;j]{If0f dgf k/fdz{ x\ofdns k|fKt ;"rgfx\ofd

;dfa]zL Do';fcf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg, ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf

k|ltj]bgx\ofd cBfjlws Do'GKof Uof] . Dofsf]nf] cWofo Eof]dkf] ljsNkXofdkf] yk dha't

ag]ODo'g\Tof;L .


4

cfof]hgfkf] cfwf/e""t aftx\ofd df}lns :j?kns kl/jt{g 5'SKof d'Uof] . cfof]hgfkf]

jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs k|efj, hf]lvdx\ofd dgf Dofkf] d"Nofªsgsf]nf] ;DalGwt sfSôfO{ x\ofd

of] oyfjt ª sfod Uof]g' . t's plNnlvt cltl/Qm cWoogx\ofdcof dfª sfSôfO{ NofTofd Uof]g'

eg] jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs x:tIf]kkf] 9fFrf x\ofd cfof]hgfc\of klxrfg Do'Tofd jftfj/0fLo

dgf ;fdflhs k|efj dgf hf]lvdx\ofdaL ;Ddf]wg Do'Gof kof{Kt Uof]g' dgf ljkGg au{ nufotkf]

:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnx\ofd cof sfj]nL P s" ljB't cfof]hgf k|lt ;dfg wf/0ff lgdf{0f Do'GKof Uof]g'

Dofc\of ufb{ Tof cfof]hgfc\of ubf{ Tof cfof]hgfc\of a[xt ;fd'bflos ;dy{g (BCS) k|fKt Do'Gof

;kmn 5'SKof Uof] .

ljZj a}+s ;d"xkf] sfo{ljlw cg'?k bft[ ;+:yfx\ofdc\of Eof]d ;b:oLo lj1 6f]nL u7g

d;Tofg'd\ Uof]g' . dg Dof 6f]nLc\of cfof]hgfkf] :j?k, afFw ;'/Iff, jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs d'2f

dgf Dofkf] ;di6Lut c;/x\ofd dgf s' lj1fgkf] k'g/fjnf]sg Do'Kof lhDdf Yof]Tofd Uof] .

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsgof] ;dLIff Do';fcf Eof lj1 6f]nLaL ;dfa]z 5'SKof jftfj/0fLo dgf

;fdflhs lj1x\ofdc\of sfa]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgf k|efjsf/L ?kaL Go"gLs/0f Do'Gof OKof

;fdfGo k|efj jfx]s jftfj/0fLo ?kaL q'l6/lxt 5'SKof sfSôfO{ NofTTofg'd Uof]g' dgf jftfj/0fLo

Joj:yfkg of]hgf dgf lgl/If0fkf] a|aL ljlzi6 pkfox\ofd l;kmfl/; Do'GKof uf]Tof .

hg k/fdz{ dgf k|sfzg

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg b/ lj:t[t ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg kf] k|lqmofx\ofdkf] cËkf] ?kaL

;d'bfox\ofd dgf jªfd\ ;DalGwt kIfx\ofdsf]nf] sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8cof ;g @)!) scf @)!#

;f]Ddf] Jofks hg k/fdz{ cfof]hgf Do'Tof (Table E.1) jftfa/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg, jftfj/0fLo

Joj:yfkg of]hgf (EMP) lj:t[t ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs sfo{ of]hgfkf] ljifoaL

Jofks ;fd'bflos k/fdz{, j}7s dgf lj|lkmª Do'GKof uf]Tof DofaL OR5's :yfgLo dgf lhNnf :t/Lo

;/sf/L ;+:yfx\ofdkf] of] ;xeflutf uf]Tof .

M

pQm k/fdz{kf] k|d'v p2]Zo cfof]hgfns k|efljt hgtfkf] a|aL k|efjsf/L ;"rgf dgf

;xeflutfkf] ;'lgl:rt Do'Gof uf]Tof . sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8kf] ;fdflhs 6f]nLc\of cfof]hgf k/fdz{

;+rfng Dofnf] pko'Qm ;fF:s[lts dof{bf ;DalGwt hgtfkf] cfjZostf, ljz]iftf dgf dufx\ofaL

Wofg Tof];fcf pQm k|lqmof ;+rfng Do'GKof uf]Tof .


5

klxnf] r/0f k/fdz{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg dfkg cEof;kf] qmdaL ;g\ @)!) kf] clk|n

@@ scf d] ! ;f]Ddf] ;+rfng Do'GKof uf]Tof . ;g\ @)!) kf] cS6f]a/–gf]e]Da/ ;d"xx\ofdkf]

;xeflutfaL rf}wj6f ;fd'lxs 5nkmn sfo{qmdx\ofd cfof]hgf If]qkf] ljleGg Vjfkx\ofdaL ;+rfng

Do'GKof uf]Tof . ;fy} lhNnfkf] cGo ;DalGwt kIfx\ofd h:t} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf y'Gofd

sfof{no nufotsfnf] of] k/fdz{ 5'STof .

pQm a}7sx\ofdaL sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8ns k|efljt If]qkf] jfl;Gbf dgf jªfd ;DalGwt

kIfx\ofdof] k|:tfljt c;/ Go'gLs/0fkf] pkfox\ofd dgf cfof]hgfns k|fKt 5'Skof clwstd

nfex\ofdkf] a|aL No"n} ljGKof uf]Tof .

Vof]n] kIfx\ofdns k|fKt ;Nnfx dgf ;'emfjx\ofdof] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg lj:t[t

;fdflhs d"Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfaL ;dflji6 5'STof . Tof k|ltj]bgx\ofdkf] pknAwL

dgf l;kmfl/;x\ofd y]DaL ulDe/ ax; dgf 5nkmn ofy k|efljt hg;d'bfons cem} yk

;'emfax\ofd u|x0f Do'GTof;L . ;g\ @)!! h'nfO{ @$ aL cfof]hgf Do';fcf Dofkf] p2]Zo d"Nofªsg

k|ltj]bgkf] lgrf]8x\ofd hgtfx\\ofdsf]nf] of]Gof ;DalGwt kIfaL cdx\ofdkf] rf;f]kf] ljifo x];fcf

;Daf]wg 5'SKof Uof] JofVof dg;Gof dgf cdx\ofdns yk ;Nnfx ;'\emfj k|fKt Do'Gof uf]Tof .

tfKn]h'ª lhNnf ;b/d'sfd km'ªlnª ahf/ dgf kfFry/ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd lkmlbdaL ;g\ @)!!

h'nfO{ @%–@^ kf] Gof]n lhNnf :t/Lo ;fsa' k/fdz{ dgf 5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf Do';fcf

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg dgf lj:t[t ;fdflhs d"Nofªsgkf] lg:sif{x\ofd y]daL 5nkmn of]

5'STof . Tof a}7sx\ofdaL ;/sf/L lgsfokf] k|ltlglwx\ofd /fhg}lts bnkf] k|ltlglwx\ofd, u}/

;/sf/L ;+:yfx\ofd dgf ;+rf/ dfWodkf] k|ltlglwx\ofdkf] pNn]vlgo ;xefuL uf]Tof . ;g\ @)!! cui6 ! aL sf7df08f}aL /fli6«o :t/kf] k/fdz{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf Do'GKof uf]Tof .

ljZj a}+s ;d"xkf] jftfj/0fLo dgf ;'/Iff aL1 dgf k/fdz{bftfns ;g\ @)!) scf @)!#

uf]aL aftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg, lj:t[t ;fdflhs tof/L dgf ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf k|ltj]bg

tof/L dgf k|sfzgkf] l;nl;nfaL Eof]dv]k Sofdx\ofd cfof]hgf 5'SKof uf]Tg' . ljZj a}+s ;d"xkf]

k/fdz{bftfns ofy ;g\ @)!# d] Do"ODofaL cfof]hgf aof x\of]SKof;fcf cfof]hgf :j?kaL kl/jt{g

Yof]sL Dofkf] clen]v Tof]Gof :j?k kl/jt{g ofy k|efljt hgtfaL k/]O 5'SKof cj;/kf] n]vfhf]vf

Do'Gof dgf lg:sif{kf] clen]lvs/0f Do'Gof Sofd ;DkGg 5\o'STof . ljZj a}+s ;fdflhs ljsf;


6

k/fdz{bftf :ynut lgl/If0f Vj;cf cfof]hgfkf] SofdDo'Kof k|efljt hgtf dgf ;/f]sf/ ;ldltkf]

kbflwsf/Lx\ofdsf]nf] bDGof ;DkGg 5\o'STof .

cGof]nkof{Gt k/fdz{bftfx\ofdof] cfof]hgfkf] of]hgf lgdf{0f r/0fx\ofdaL ;fem]bf/kf] ?kaL

NjfDKof Uof], :yfgLo afl;Gbfx\ofdof] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg dgf lj:t[t ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg

cWoogx\ofdkf] k|f/lDes r/0fx\ofdkf] ;xefuL Do'GKof uf]Tof . oBkL, sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of

ljz]if of]hgf agfO{ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f cjlwe/ dgf cfof]hgf nfu" 5'ldd yfy of] ;fSa'ª kIfaL

pbfx/0fkf] a|aL, :yfgLo ;d'bfokf] lgoldt ;+nUgtf ;'lglZrt Do'Gof sDkgLkf] k|ltlglw ;b:o

d'Kof Do';fcf ;d'bfokf] lgoldt dgf k|efljt uf=lj=;=ns lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw ;b:o d'Kof Do';fcf

;fd'bflos ;ldlt (GCG) u7g Do'Gof dOKof Uof] . ;fd'bflos cu'jf ;ldltaL cfof]hgfkf] ;dy{g

/x]O 5' . dgf ;ldltc\of lh=lj=;= uf=lj=;=lhNnf y'Gofd sfof{n, ;fd'bflos y'Gofd pkef]Qmf

;ldlt dgf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx\ofdsf]nf] ;dGjo Do';fcf Sofd sf/afxL Dof . sfa]nL P

jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fd'bflos ljsf; PsfO{ (KAECDU) c\of :yfgLo ;/sf/L dgf u}/;/sf/L

;+:yfx\ofd dgf ;d'bfoaL cfwfl/t ;+:yfx\ofdsf]nf] dWo:ystf{kf] e"ldsf lgjf{x Dof . sfj]nL

OghL{ lnld6]8ns cfof]hgf aofaL ;g\ @)!@ aL oy]i6 ;+VofaL sd{rf/L ;lxt hg;Dks{ sfof{no

:yfkgf Do';f ;+rfng Do'tf] vf]ª\Kof Uof] . ;fy} ;+rf/kf] a|aL v'Nnf nfOgkf] dgf k|efljt ;d'bfokf]

:yfoL ;xefuLtfkf] Joj:yf of] Do'GKof Uof]g' .

sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8 ;g\ @)!! km]j|'j/L * scf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg, lj:t[t

;fdflhs d"Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfx\ofd ptfkf] j]a;fO6 www.kel.com.np aL

k|sfzg Do'g;f]GKof Uof]g' . d];fª ;g\ @)!# ;f]Ddf] cBfjlws Do"G;f]GKof Uof]g' . jftfj/0fLo k|efj

d"Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfkf] sfo{sf/L ;f/f+zx\ofd, g]kfnL, lnDa', jfGtfjf /fO{, dgf

tfdfª efiffaL cg'jfb Do'GKof Uof]g' . cfof]hgf ;DaGwL lj:t[t hfgsf/L kfFry/ lhNnfkf] cd/k'/

uf=lj=;=aL Uof]Kof cfof]hgfkf] ;"rgf s]Gb|ns of] xfl;n Do"Gof ‰ofkf Tof k|ltj]bgx\ofd d'Vot

ljZj a}+s ;"rgf s]Gb| dgf IFC kf] j]a;fO6aL ;g\ @)!! Kff] clk|n % dgf l8;]Da/ * aL k|sflzt

Do'GKof uf]Tof . IBRD-IDA dgf IFC ns Dofs ofy lgoldt ?kaL Tof k|ltj]bgx\ofd tfkf]

a]a\;fO6 ns cBfalws ;+:s/0f pknAw Do"tf] vf]ª\Kof Uof]g' .


7

/fli6«o, If]qLo dgf :yfgLo txkf] ;d'bfosf]nf] ;+rf/ Joj:yfkg Do"Gof sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8

c\of t'a ;zQm k|0ffnL :yfkgf Do"GKof Uof] . hg;Dks{ sfof{noaL t'a clws[tkf] b/aGbL tf]s]O

Do'Tofd Uof] DofaL :yfgLo txaL lgo'Qm hg;Dks{ ;xfosx\ofdaL kl/rfng Dof . Tof ;d"xaL t'a

d]N;]d hg ;Dks{ ;xfos ;dfa]z 5' . Dofc\of cfof]hgf If]qkf] d]N;]dkf] ;+rf/ ;DaGwL

cfjZostf ;Daf]wg Dof .

sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of lgdf{0f Do'Tofd k|0ffnL uf]aL d';fcf ;d'bfox\ofdc\of cfof]hgf

k|efljt uf=lj=;=x\ofd /fhg}lts bnx\ofd d]N;]d ;zlQms/0f ;d"xx\ofd blnt dgf o'jfkf]

k|ltlglwTj 5'SKof u/L sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8sf]nf] cgt/lqmofkf] a|aL t'a ;ldlt u7g Do'Tofd Uof]

. Tof cfof]hgf cGtu{t u'gf;f] k'g{;Daf]wg ;+oGq :yfkgf Do"GKof Uof] . ;Dk"0f{ df}lvs dgf /]GKof

;d:ofx\ofd cfof]hgf aof aLª Uof]Kof cfof]hgf ;"rgf s]Gb|aL lnlka4 Do"Gof Uof] . Tof u'gf;f]

k'g{;Daf]wg ;+oGq cGtu{t ;'sa' txx\ofdkf] Joj:yf Do'GKof Uof] . -s_ u'gf;f] k'g{;Daf]wg ;]n -v_

:yfgLo u'gf;f] k'g{;Daf]wg ;ldlt -u_ cfof]hgf u'gf;f] ;ldlt . GRCS aL :yfgLo ;d'bfo, lhNnf,

;/sf/, cfof]hgf dgf 7]s]bf/ Vof]n]kf] kIf cfjZostfkf] l;4fGQ cg'?k k|ltlglwx\ofd ;dfj]z

Do'GKof Uof]g' . u'gf;f] k'g{;Daf]wgjkf] :j?k agfj6 Sofd ;+rfngkf] ;DaGw ;fdflhs Sofd

of]hgfaL a0f{g Do'Gof adf]lhd 5'g' .

u'gf;f] k'g/;Daf]wg ;+oGq

TAble E. 1. jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"\Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs d"\Nofªsg cËkf] ?kaL ;+rflnt

;fd'bflos k/fdz{ dgf sfo{qmlds ultljlwkf] ;f/f+zM

;fd'bflos sfo{qmlds ultljlw yf]lr

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg, ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf tof/Lkf] bf}/fg

;/sf/Ldgf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx\ofdkf] pkl:yltaL cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qx\ofdkf] ;d'bfox\ofdsf]nf]

;fF:s[lts ?kaL ;+j]bgl;n ljifox\ofdaL ;3g k/fdz{ Do'GKof uf]Tof .

dWod s' ljB't dgf s' ljB't If]q SEA cGtu{t

/fli6«o dgf If]qLo :t/aL lj:tfl/t cWoog

;g\ !(() kf] clGtdy sl/a !$ Do"ODof ;f]Ddf]

k|efljt ;d'bfosf]nf] k/fdz{ ;g\ @)!) -clk|n—d]_


8

$^ 3/kl/jf/kf] gd'gf ;+sng Do';fcf cWoog

dgf ;fd'bflos y'Gofd pkef]Qmf ;d"x, d]N;]d,

blnt, cflbaf;Lsf]nf] ljleGg aofaL nlIft

;d"xsf]nf] ax; ;+rfng

;g\ @)!)-cS6f]a/—gf]e]Da/_

sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo

k|efj d"Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs d"Nofªsgkf]

k|ltlnkL tof/ Do";fcf www.kel.com.np aL

pknAw Do"GKof uf]Tof . sfo{sf/L ;f/fz+

;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf dgf jªfd\ krf{x\ofdof]

Eofn a|faL cg'jfb Do";fcf cfof]hgfkf]

hg;Dks{ sfof{noaL pknAw Do"GKof Uof] .

;g\ @)!! -h'nfO{_

ljleGg cWoogkf] pknAwL u'gf;f] cflb

cfbfgk|bfg Do"Gof hg k/fdz{ dgf ;'g'jfO{

sfo{qmd

;g\ @)!! -h'nfO{_

km'ªlnª ahf/ dgf lkmlbdaL ;fsa' lhNnf

:t/Lo ax'kIfLo k/fdz{ cfof]hgf Do';fcf

aftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs

d"Nofªsgkf] lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs

;g\ @)!! -h'nfO{ @%—@^_

onVjfdaL /fli6«o :t/kf] k/fdz{ ;g\ @)!! cu:6, !

cfof]hgfkf] k|f/lDes r/0fkf] Sofdx\ofd dgf

cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkf] qmdaL :yfgLo ;d'bfosf]nf]

lg/Gt/ ;Dks{kf] a|aL ljz]if Joj:yf

;g\ @)!@ hgj/L

cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qkf] ;d'bfosf]nf] :yfoL

?kaL ;Dks{ dgf ;xsfo{ hf/L Tof]Gof hg

;Dks{ sfof{no :yfkgf

;g\ @)!@ hgj/L

;/sf/kf] u|fld0f ljB'lts/0f sfo{qmd ;d]taL ;fdflhs sfo{ of]hgfkf] zt{


9

dbQ x\of]sKofKof Do';fcf dgf :yfgLo ;/sf/

dgf ;d'bfoaL nfd ljKof p2]Zoc\of sfj]nL

OghL{ lnld6]8ns nfe jfF8kmfF8 of]hgf th'{df

sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8ns ;zQm u'gf;f]

k'g{;Daf]wg ;+oGqsf] a0f{g Do';fcf :ki6

ultljlw dgf ;do;Ldf ;lxt ;DalGwt kIfkf]

a|aL sfo{qmlds of]hgf th'{df

;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfkf] zt{

cWofo —!

kl/ro M

Tof cWofoaL sfa]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgfkf] ;fwf/0f k[i6e"ld, Tofkf] p2]Zo dgf cfof]hgf

k|:tfjskf] 5f]6s/LaL a0f{g k|:t't Do'GKof Uof]g' . g]kfn ;/sf/kf] jftfj/0fLo lgodfjnL uf]aL

sfj]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgfk|lt ljleGg kIfx\ofdaL hjfkm b]lx 5' dfg]vL -s_ Tof cfof]hgfkf]

pTkfbg Ifdtf %) d]3fjf6 scf bVjfO{ Uof] . -v_ % x]S6/ scf bVjfO{ y'Gofd If]q cltqmd0f

5'SKof Uof] . -u_ cfof]hgfcof px]dof]ª ;+/If0f If]qaL k|lts'n c;/ Do'Tofd d'Uof] . oBkL sfa]nL

P ljB't cfof]hgfc\of IBRD, IDA dgf IFC sf]nf] ;+o'Qm ?kaL ;xfotf VofKrL dfu Do'Tofdc\of

sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8kf] tkm{ns ljZj a}+skf] jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff gLltx\ofd IFC kf]

jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff gLltx\ofd IFC kf] jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs lbuf]kgkf]

Sofd;Dkfbg dfkb08sf]nf] b'?:t d]n Hof]Kof Do';fcf k"0f{ jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg

Sofd ;DkGg Do"GKof Uof] .

d];fª, Tof cWofoaL jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsgkf] p2]Zo dgf k|lqmox\ofdkf] a|aLaL

5f]6s/LaL a0f{g Do'GKof Uof] .


10

cWofo —@

cfof]hgfkf] a|aL k"0f{ ljj/0f

Tof cWofoaL cfof]hgfkf] cjl:ylt,kFx'r dgf Tofkf] cËx\ofdkf] Dofsf]nf] ;xfos

;'ljwfx\ofdkf] a|aL lj:tf/aL a0f{g Do'GKof Uof]g' . Dofsf]nf] Tof cWofoaL cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkf]

;fdfu|Lx\ofd e" tyf dfgj ;+zfwg cfjZostfx\ofd dgf cfof]hgf nfu" 5'SKof ck]lIft Sofd

tflnsfkf] of] df]6fdf]6L ?kaL JofVof Do'GKof Uof]g' . sfa]nL P s' ljB't kl/of]hgf onVjfdns

*)) ls=ld= k"j{aL dWo lxdfnL If]qaL cjl:yt Uof] . E,1 aL ;]:g' .

M

Tof cfof]hgfc\of tdf]/ bLkf] !% ls=ld=;f]ª\Kof 3'DtLx\ofdkf] pkof]u Dof . Tof cfof]hgfkf]

lgdf{0f ;DkGg uf]dofo, Tofcof k|ltaif{ @!%=$ GWH ljh'nL pTkfbg Do'Kof ck]Iff Do'GKof Uof] .

gf]e]Da/ s cf d] ;f]Ddf]kf] ;'Vvf ofdaL sfa]nL P s' ljB't Tof cfof]hgfcof tdf]/ bLkf] !%

ls=ld= ;f]ª\Kof v/l;Kofx\ofdkf], Tofc\of k|ltaif{ @!%=$ GWH ljh'nL pTkfbg Do'Kof ck]Iff Do'GKof

uf]Tof . gf]e]Da/ scf d] ;f]Ddf]kf] ;'VvfofdaL sfa]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgf pRr IfdtfaL ;+rfng

Do'Gof dOKof Uof] dgf Tof Do"OGofx\ofdaL plbIff ;fs 306f dgf p;f]ldGof Eofn 306f tª\ª

cfof]hgf ;+rfng 5' .

cfof]hgfkf] d'Vo cËx\ofdaL afFw -!$=# ld6/ ;f]ª\Kof dgf ^) ld6/ ;f]ª\Kof_ ##% xhf/

3gld6/ s' /f]Sg] Ifdtf ;lxtkf] hnf;o Dofns #&=&# 3gld6/ k|lt;]s]08 s' n]G:of]Gof RofKKof

:j?kkf] a];L ;'?ª -$=#@& ls=ld=;f]ª\Kof, %=^% ld6/ Jof;_ jofkf] ;tx y]DaL Eof]n sd dgf

cGToaL tdf]/ bLaL l;wª s' n]G:of]Gof, afFw scf tdf]/ sfa]nLkf] bf]efg;f]Ddf] lgolGqt s' jxg]

If]qkf] nDafO{ %–^ ls=ld= Uof] . cfof]hgfkf] pkOb];f]Ddf] x\of]sKoflsd\ Nofdkf] nDafO{ &=$ ls=ld=

Uof] . Eof]nsd;f]Ddf] x\of]sKoflsd\ Nofdkf] !% ls=ld=;f]ª\Kof Uof] . cfof]hgfkf] a|aL s'n $&&!

x]S6/ e"ldkf] cfjZostf 5'SKof TjfO{ Dofuf]aL @@=%) x]S6/ :yfoL ?kaL dgf @%=@! x]S6/ hldg

c:yfoL ?kaL pkof]u 5' .

cfof]hgfkf] lgdf{0fkf\ a|aL ^)) scf *)) SofdDo'Kof x\ofd cfjZos 5'g' . cfof]hgf

;+rfngaL x\of]lddofy %) hgf :yfoL SofdDo'Kofx\ofd\ tª\ª cfjZostf 5' . cfof]hgf lgdf{0f

Eofn yf] nfu]O{ 5' dgf ;g\ @)!* ;DdaL afFw ;+rfngaL x\of]Sv .


11

k|;f/0f nfOgM

IDA ns ;+rflnt sfa]nL k|;f/0f cfof]hgfc\of px]d lgdf{0fkf] r/0faL Uof], !#@

s]=le= Eof]Nkf] lgdf{0fflwg *$ ls=ld=;f]ª\Kof k|;f/0f nfOg h8fg Do'Gof dgf cfof]hgfns pTkflbt

dggf k"aL{ g]kfnaL pTkflbt Vof]n]ª lah'nLaL /fli6«o k|;f/0f s]Gb|aL hf]8]O Do'Gof Sofd dTo' .

g]kfn ;/sf/kf] ;xof]uaL Tof cfof]hgfc\of ljt/0f nfOg dgf Tofsf]nf] ;DalGwt k"jf{wf/x\ofd

lgdf{0f Do";fcf Vof]n] k|efljt ;d'bfox\ofdaL ljh'nL xjfgKofGof lhDd]jf/L of] jxg Do'GofdO{OKof

Uof] . Tofkf] a|aL bds, Onfd, lkmlbd dgf sfa]nL Do";fcf hDdf Eofn ;a :6];gx\ofd :yfkgf

Do'GKof Uof]g' .


Figure E.1. Project Location and Layout


cWofo —#

Tof cWofoaL g]kfnkf] kl/k|]IfaL nfu" Do"Gof of]Uo P]g dgf lgodx\ofdkf] ;f/f+z k|:t't Do"GKof

Uof] . Dofkf] ;fy} ljZj a}+s ;d"xkf] cfjZostf ljZj a}+s jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff gLlt

dgf IFC jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs lbuf]kgfkf] Sofd ;Dkfbg dfkb08x\ofd of] Tof cWofofaL

pNn]v Do'GKof Uof]g' .

P]g dgf lgod ;DaGwL Joj:yf M

Tof of]hgf jftfj/0fLo sfg"g dgf lgodx\ofd sf]nf] d]n Hof]Kof vfnkf] Uof] . sfa]nL P s'

ljB't cfof]hgfaL jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ kf] ;"rL t'a k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f

;d"xaL alu{s[t Do"Tofd\ Uof] . /fli6«o sfg"gkf] cnfjf sfa]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgfc\of ljZj a}+s

;d"xkf] jftfj/0fLo gLlt dgf dfkb08sf]nf] bfbfTDotf Tof]Gof dTo' . IBRD -IDA dgf IFC sf]nf]

5'SKof ;Demf}tf cg'?k k"0f{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg dgf la:t[t ;fdflhs d"Nofªs ;+rfng

Do"GTofG;L . Tof Vof]n] zt{x\ofd a}7saL 5nkmn Do"GKof uf]Tof . kmn:j?k jftfj/0fLo d"Nofªsg,

k|fs[lts af;:yfg cflbaf;L x;, clgR5's k'g{af;, ef}lts ;fF:s[lts ;|f]t, afFwkf] ;'/Iff,

cGt/fli6«o s'Nofd nufotkf] cfO{ Pkm ;L kf] cf7 j6f Sofd ;Dkfbg dfkb08x\ofd x]ªldd\ ljZj

a}+skf] gLltx\ofd sfof{GjogaL xf]Tof .

Tflnsf E-2 aL t's plNnt gLltx\ofd dfkb08 x\ofd dg Dofkf] tfnd]nkf] sfsôfO{ kz

Do"GKof Uof] M

;'/Iff gLlt Sofd\

Jftfj/0fLo d"Nofªsg dgf (OP/BP

401)

PS1 M jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs

hf]lvd dgf k|efjkf] d"Nofªsg dgf

Joj:yfkg

s au{kf] cfof]hgf k"0f{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªg jftfj/0fLo

Joj:yfkg of]hgf lgdf{0f

• k'0f{ dgf Psn ;fdflhs d'Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs Sofd

of]hgf

• jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsgkf] cËkf] ?kjL t'j b|'t

;dli6ut k|efj d'Nofªsg tof/ Do'GKof Uof] dgf

sfof{Gjog k|lqmofkf] ?kjL g]kfn ;/sf/aL k|fljlws


14

;xfotf k|bfg Do';fcf IDA ;+rfngkf] cleGg tTjkf]

?kjL Uof]Kof Joj:yfkg /0fgLlt tof/ Do'GofdOKof

• cGt/fli6«o jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs lj1x\ofd d'Kof lj1

6f]nL lgo'Qm DoGTofG;L sfof{Gjogkf] qmdaL aL1 6f]nLc\of

a}+ssf]nf] ;Demf}tf 5'ldd cg'?k ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf

dgf jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf nfu" 5|\o'STofd

d'5\o'STofd\ lglZrt Dof .

• jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsg ;fdflhs d'Nofªsg dgf

;fdflhs Sofd\ of]hgfkf] tof/Lkf] bf}/fg cfof]hgf k|efljt

;d'bfoaL lgikIf dgf k"j{ hfgsf/L laGof, k/fdz{ laGof

Do';fcf (ICP) ;Dk'0f{ cflbjf;L hghftL dgf ljkGg

ju{sf]nf] x/]s If]qaL ;f“:s'lts ?kaL ;+j]bgzLn dgf

ulx/f] k/fdz{ cfof]hgf Do'GKof Uof] .

• jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsg dgf ;fdflhs Sofd\

of]hgfc\of :yflgo rf;f] dgf l;kmfl/;x\ofdof] ;d]6]O{

Do'Tofd\ Uof] . ;fdflhs d'Nofªsgkf] cfof]hgf k|efljt

;d'bfokf] dgf jªfd\ ljkGg ju{kf] j[xt ;fd'bflos

;dy{gaL k'li6 Do'Tofd Uof] .

PS2 M Sofdbf/ dgf Sofdaofkf]

cj:yf

• k|f/lDes k]zfut :jf:Yo dgf ;'/Iff dgf HHRR

Joj:yfkg of]hgf dgf k|lqmofx\ofd ljsf; Do'GKof Uof]g' .

;xdtL sfod 5'SVKof aftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs Sofd

of]hgfaL sfof{Gjogkf] a|aL ;dfj]z Do'GKof Uof]g' .

PS3M;|f]t ;fwgkf] k|efjsf/Ltf dgf

k|b'if0f lgoGq0f

• jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfaL kof{Kt dfqfaL k|b'if0f

lgoGq0f dgf ;+/If0fkf] pkfox\ofd ;dfj]z Do"GKof Uof]g'

dgf jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs Sofdof]hgf sfof{Gjogkf]


15

qmdaL cfjZostf cg';f/ cem 3f]n] ljj/0fx\ofd yk]O

Do"Gof dOKof Uof]g' .

af“w ;'wf/ (op 4.37)

PS4 ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo dgf ;'/Iff

• cGt/fli6«o lj1kf] 6f]nLsf]nf] afwkf] ;'/Iff ;DjlGw

cfo]hgfkf] Vof]n] kIfkf] Vof]aL ;'emfj ;+sng dgf

6f]nLns ;fsv]k lgdf0f{:ynkf] ed|0f sfj]nL phf{ ln ns

af“w ;'/Iff of]hgf lgdf0f{ cfof]hgfkf] pt';c\of ;'/Iffkf]

a|aL pGgt :t/kf] pkfox\ofd cjnDjg Do';fcf Dof

;Demf}tf cg'?k jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfaL

;dfj]z Do'Gof -pbfx/0f, cfof]hgf lgdf0f{kf] qmdaL ;jf/L

cfjfudg Joj:yf .\

• ;fdflhs d"Nofªsg ;+rfng Do'GKof Uof] . Dof

d"Nofªsgkf] ef}lts k'g{jf; cfjZostf d5'SKof dgf Go"g

?kjL tª\ª cfof]hgf If]q TofDofkf] cflbaf;L hgtf dgf

sdhf]/ ju{kf] ;d'bfo cfly{s ?kaL lj:yflkt 5'SKof

k|If]kIf Do'GKof Uof] .

clgR5's k'g{:yfkgf (op/Bp 4-10)

PS5hldg cl3u|x0f dgf cflbjf;L

hg;+Vof

• ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfaL dgf IVCDP ;dfj]z Do'GKof

Uof]g' px]dc\of cflbjf;L hghftL ;d'bfokf] a|aL,cfd

;xfotf sfo{qmd afx]s yk ljz]if pkfox\ofd ;d]6]O Dofg'

k|fs[lts af;:yfg (OP/BP404)

PS6 h}ljs ljljwtfkf] ;+/If0f dgf

k|fs[lts ;DkbfXofdkf] lbuf]

Joj:yfkg hLljt k|fs[lts ;|f]t

dgf ;fwgx\ofdkf] Joj:yfkg

• cfof]hgfcof y'GofdhGt'kf] k|fs[lts af:yfgaL k|ToIf k|efj

dXjfgJofGof

• d'Vo k|efj s' kof{j/0f dgf a;fO{ ;/fO{ Do"Kof vfnkf]

ª\of]x\ofdkf] x\of]Gof VjfGGofjL k|d'v c;/

• lbkf] o'syn 5'SKof jftfj/0fLo s'k|jfxpof dLg pkef]Uo

dgf u}/ pkef]Uo s'kf] k|of]u dgf kof{j/0fLo cfjZostf

k"lt{ Do"Kof cg'dfg uf]Kof . t'j s' kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg


16

of]hgf (AEMP) DofjL pTs[i6 cGt/fli6«o cEof;x\ofd dgf

cg's/0fLo Joj:yfkg ;lxtkf] Go"gLs/0fkf] pkfoXofd

;dfj]z Do"Gof Uof] . Dofns cfof]hgf lgdf{0f dgf ;+rfng

kf] qmdjLkm'SKof d'2fXofdof] .

• g]kfn ;/sf/of] ;DefJo k|fs[lts s'af;:yfg 3f6LJofkL

;dli6ut k|efj Go"lgs/0f Do"Gof cfjZos pTs[i6:j?kof]

Go"lgs/0fkf] pkfoXofd\ tof/ Do"Gof ;xof]u Xof]TKofb\of

ª\of] dgf d]?b08 dUof]Kof k|f0fLkf] tdf]/–sfj]nL 3f6LJofkL

cltl/Qm cWoog ;+rfng Do"GofdOKof Uof]

ef}lts ;f “:s[lts z+zf]wg -

op\bp.411_ ps8M ;f:s[lts

;Dkbf

• cfof]hgf If]q TofDof px]dof] P]ltxfl;s dgf k'/ftflTjs

dxTjkf] ;Dkbf dUof]Kof

• af“w scf o'syfd bL v08aL ljleGg wfld{s dgf ;f “:s[lts

:ynx\cfd\ -pbfx/0fkf] a|aL bfx;+:sf/ dgf lj>fd :yn

wfld{s dlGb/xofd\_ klxrfg Do'GKof Uof]g' pko'Qm

• Go'lgs/0fkf] pkfox\ofd\-pbfx/0fkf] a|aL bLkf] o'snfd\

vjfky jftfj/0fLo s' k|jfx ljz]if cj;/x\ofd aL s'kf]

dfu pRr Uof]Kof cj:yfaL bLkf] o'snfd v\jfky ce'tk'j{

s'k|jfx wfld{s Sofdx\ofdkf] lg/Gt/tfkf] ;'lglZrtfkf] a|aL

yk s' e08f/kf] a|aL k'jf{wf/ ljsf;

cGt/fli6«o s'Nofd ljZj a}s Joj:yfkgc\of h'g @&,@))@ aL rLg , ef/t dgf

j+unf –b]zaL cfof]hgf lgdf0f{kf] Vof]aL k'j{ hfgsf/L

laGkof dgf @)!# cui6aL pQm ;'rgf k'gM hf/L Uof]

• lgwf{l/t yf]rL;Ldf uf]la ;DjlGwt d'n'sx\ofddns rf

k|ltlqmof k|fKt d'5'ª Uof] .


17

cWofo–$

Tof cWofojL cfof]hgfpof c;/ DofTofd If]qx\ofdjL ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs

cj:yfXofdkf] a|a|jL lj:t[t ?kaL j0f{g Do"GKof Uof] . Tof cWofoc\of dfª aftjL k|sfz Dof eg]

sfj]nL P If]qjL clåtLo kof{j/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs cj:yf xofdkf] j|aL lj:t[t ?kaL j0f{g Do'GKof

Uof] . Tof cWofocof dfª aftaL k|sfz Dof] eg] sfj]nL P If]qaL clåtLo kof{j/0fLo dgf

;fdflhs–;f:s[lts u'0fx\ofdc\of el/k'0f{ Uof] . Dofc\of ubf{ Tof cfof]hgf yk r'gf}ltk'0f{

xf]kof:Tofd Uof] . a;fO{;/fO{ Do'Kof ª\of]kf] k|hftL, lxdfnL bLx\ofdaL Yof]lsd\ ux|'“uf lylu|g]

ef/x\ofd dgf sdhf]/ ;d'bfox\ofd\ Tof cfof]hgfns k|ToIf k|efljt kIfx\ofd x'g\ Dofc\of ;Lldt

cfwf/ /]lvo tYofÍxofd\ tª\ª pknJw Uof]g' .

cfwf//]vLo jftfj/0f

tdf]/ bLkf] ;xfos bLx\ofddWo] t'j sfj]nL bLkf] nDjfO{ cfof]hgfkf] lgdf{0f:yn scf sl/j

%@=$ ls=ld= Uof] . sfj]nL bLkf] hnfwf/ If]qkf] s' hDdf 5'SKof If]qkmn af“w KofGKofF aofns *^@=#

ju{ ls=ld= Uof] . sfj]nL bLkf] k|d'v ;xfos bLx\ofdaL tfjf sjf , kmfjf sjf dgf Ogjf sjf Uof]g'

. sfj]nL bLaL jflif{s cf};t ^!=$ 3gld6/ k|lt;]s]G8kf] b/c\of s' au]O5' . Vof]ns b/VjfO{ dfr{ -

r}t_ Do'OKofaL *=^# 3gld6/ k|lt;]s]G8 dgf clwstd\ cui6 -efb|_Do'ODofaL !*!–&! 3gld6/

k|lt;]s]G8 s'kf] axfj dfkg Do'Gof ‰ofk .

sfj]nL sjf hnfwf/M–

g]kfnkf] jªfd\ bLx\ofd\ x]ª;fª Tof bLjL of] sf]/f] VjfGof ;Defjgf Uof]Kof aofxofd\ Uof]g'

.d]km]d\$)–%) jofxofd\ dWo] ofyfd wf]rLjL px]d\of] aofaL sf]/f] ;lqmo d5'ª Uof]g' . tYofskf]

cg';f/ dg;'gjL !#,^!^PPM kf] b/c\of afx\o j:t'x\ofd ªjflN;Kof dTjfO{ ª Uof] . h'g scf

;]K6]Dj/ ;f]Ddf] dg;gkf] cjlw uf]aL bLjL lyu|f] cToflws dfqfaL hDdf 5' .

aof kof{j/0f M

Tof cfof]hgf If]q g]kfn ;/sf/c\of 3f]if0ff Do'GKof cf}krfl/s ;+/If0f If]qx\ofdscf aflx/ 5'

. Tof If]qkf] ;fSa' k|d'v h}ljs ljljwtfc\of el/k'0f{ If]qx\ofdaL s~rghÍf ;+/If0f If]q dgf tLgh'/]

ldNs] hnhn] wGof; k/]O 5'g' df]nf] Tof ;fSg' If]qx\ofdaL Tof cfof]hgfc\of px]dof] k|efj dDo'ª

Uof] . sGrghÍf ;+/If0f If]q -sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfns @% ls=ld=kf] xjf{O b'/LaL_ dgf

–


18

tLgh'/] ldNs] hnhn] y'Gofd\ -sfj]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgfkf] !) ls=ld= xjfO{ b'/LjL_ ;fSa' b'u{d

lxdfnL If]q cGtu{t k/]O5'g' dgf Tof If]qx?aL x\of]GKofGof b/JjfOaLof] 8]9 Gof]n;f]Ddf] k}bn

NofdlyGof dTo' .

IfCN n] ;+j]bgzLn ?kaL nf]kf]Gd'v c\of:;fcf ;'lrs[t Do'Tofd\ Dioscorea deltoid - y'Gofd\

t/n, Deltier yam_dgf Orchids jfd]{ scf jªfd px]dof]ª k|hftLkf] jg:ktL xofd\ Tof cfof]hgf

TofDofaLd If]qx\ofdaL d'yf]sL Dofc\of Tof If]qaL cfly{s dxTjkf] lx;fac\of /fli6«o ?kaL ;+/lIft -

Shorea rubusta) ;v'af ;fnkf] pvfª_ bombax ceiba l;dn, /]zd dgf skf;kf] pvfª_ dgf

jªfd\ lichen -em\ofp_ x\ofd\ k|z:t dfqfaL pknJw Uof]g' .

cfof]hgf :yn TofDof k/Dk/fut kxz'kfng dgf ;xfos ?kjL lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLkf] k|rng

JofKt Uof] .s[ifsx\ofd\ l;rfOkf] a\aL dg;'gaL lge{/ Dofg dgf ds} , n'hf wf]r]/ , bnxg , tf]/L

dgf t/sf/Lx\ofd\ pAhgL Dofg' jif{el/ pkof]u Do'Gof wDKof kmnk'n l6Da'/ cfbL of] pTkfbg Dofg'

.

cfof]hgf If]q TofDof Jofks ?kaL s[lifof]Uo hldg dgf s]xL y'Gofd If]q 5'g' . dfgj j:tLx\ofd\

5/]O 5'SKof cj:yfaL Uof] . cfof]hgfkf] t'a lx:;f dgf hnfzokf] rfVjfk cd/k'/ b}nkf] sfj]nL

u/lht] dgf £jfNKof 9';]gL ;fd'bflos y'gfd\aL k/]O5'g' . :yfoL ?kaL clwu|x0f Do'GKof @@=%)

x]S6/ hldg dWo] %( k|ltzt -!#@*x]S6/_ e'efu lb lsgf/ jf9Lu|:t Onfsf, #$ k|ltzt -

&=^%x]S6/_ s[lifof]Uo hldg dgf af“sL & k|ltzt -!=%7 x]S6/_ hldg ;fd'bflos dgf y'Gofd\ If]q

k/]O5' . s'n gf} :yfgaL ;fd'bflos dgf y'Gofd\ k|efljt 5'g' . -t'ª jofaL Vof]nscf £jfNKof

y'Gofd If]q cf]u6]O Dofnf] )=&) x]S6/ cf]u6]O{Dof _

clwsfz+ y'Gofd If]qx\ofd sdaL u]Olsd dgf y'Gofd\ hgfj/x\ofdkf] clgolGqt r/0fc\of Dofnf]

DjfOtf] Vof]:Tofd\ cj:yf Uof] .

cfof]hgf If]quf]aL dgf TofDofaLd\ y'Gofd\ If]qx\ofd\ dWod\ dgf £jfNKof vfnkf] hgfj/–x\ofdkf]

a|aL pko'Qm jf;:yfg df]cf] . cfsl:ds ?kaL x\of]KofVjfOKof lk;\ dgf /t'jf, eL/ afx]s cfly{s


19

dgf ;+/If0fkf] b[li6sf]0fc\of dxTj Tof]Kof px]dof] hGt'kf] j;fO{;/fO{kf] Nofd\ Tof y'Gofd\ If]qaL k/]O

d'5' .

s' kof{j/0fM

sfj]nL bLaL s'n #! k|hfktLkf] ª\of]kf] tYofªs sfod Do'GKof Uof] . Dof uf]aL !@ j6f k|hfltx\ofd

;g\ @)!# kf] ;j]{If0fx\ofdaL ;+sng Do'GKof df]Tg' . cfof]hgf aof TofDof IUCN cof nf]kf]Gd'v

c\of:;fcf ;'rLs[t Do'Tg'd\ px]d of] ªof]kf] k|hfltx\ofd d'd'g' . oBkL ;fsa' ;f]ª\Kof b'/L ofqf

Do'Kof ª\of]kf] k|hfktLx\ofd\ bagarius yarelli,tor pulitora dgf tor tor ;fsa' dWod\ b'/L ofqf

Do'Kof schizothorax richrdasoni dgf neolireochilus hexagonolepis Do';fcf Eof]d\ nf]kf]Gd'v

k|hflt x\ofd sfj]nL bLaL yf]Tg'g d'g' . Dof Uof]aL Tor pulitora nf]kf]Gd'v schizothoram

richardsoni ;+s6u|:t dgf af“sL vt/faL d'Kof cof:;fcf pNn]v Do'GKof Uof]g' .

–

sfj]nL bLaL :yfoL ?kaL j;f]jf; Do'Kof sfa]| ªof] glyptothoram pQm bLkf] Vof]n]s dxTjk'0f{

ª\of]kf] k|hftL :of] . dgf schizothoramrp px]d 6«fp6kf] pgªc\of of] 5]OsL sfj]nL bLjL yf]sLd\

dWod b'/L tª\ª Do'Kof Vof]n]s Jofkfl/s dxTj s/Kof k|hflt :of] ;f]ªKof b'/L ofqf Do'Kof

k|hfltx\ofd\ h'g scf cS6f]j/ ;f]Ddf]kf] jif{ ofdaL cfxf/ dgf k|hhgkf] a\aL x\of]g' dgf tdf]/

bLaLªc\jfGg'

a;Gt Ct'kf] cGTscf dg;gef]/L ªof]x\ofd bLkf] t'snfd\ Vjfky j;fO{ ;/fO{ Dofg eg] clwsfz+

k|hfltkf] ªof]x\ofd\ dg;gef]/L bLkf] o'syfd Vofjy j;fO{;/fo{ Dofg' sfj]nL bLaL j;f]jf;] Do'Kof

ªof]x\ofdkf] k|hhg Sofd k|fo h;f] jiff{ofdaL d[To' . tyfkL rf,ªof]x\ofdkf] cf]gtfkf]

cf]gRofx\ofdkf] s]lx Do'ODofkf] a'aL If]q dgf ;fsa' 5's]{ODo'lsd If]q Uof]g' .

t's pNn]lvt ;Dk'0f{ Dof]d\ k|hfltkf] ª\of]x\ofd\ tdf]/ bLaL of] yf]sL dgf g]kfnel/ ;'ne ?kjL yf]sL

.

;fdflhs –;f “:s[lts cjl:ylt M

Tof cfof]hgfcof tfKn]h'ª dgf kfry/ lhNnfaL vTofd\ Uof] Dofkf] s'n hg;Vof #,#^,^%$ Uof] ,

Tof lhNnfx\ofdaL k|d'v cfly{s lqmofsnfk cofPlsd\ v]ltkftL :of] .s[lif If]q k|fo h;f] lgjf{xd'vL

Uof] /]ld6\ofG; ofSsL Jofkf/ sdaLd pBf]u ,s[lif dgf y'Gofd\ pkh sf/vfgfx\ofd dgf u}/ s[lif

If]qx\ofd\ of] km:6fp“bf] Uof]g' .Tof lhNnfx\ofdaL /]ld6\ofG; x\of]Gof klqmof Eof/tf]{ª Uof] .Tof


20

cfof]hgfkf] k}efj kf“ry/kf] cd/k'/ uf=lj=; dgf k~rdL uf=lj=;=dgf tfKn]h'ª y]rDa' uf=lj=;

dgf gfªvf]Nofª uf=lj=; k|ToIf ?kjL k/]O5' .

cfof]hgfkf] d'Vof ;+/rgfx\ofd\ x]ªdLd\ d'Vofno surge shaft s'Nofd\ ,ljB't u[x cflb cd/k'/

ufl=j=; aL Uof]g' . Tof ;fSa' uf=lj=; kf] s'n hg;Vof @!,)(*-$*=! k'?if dgf %!=** d]n\;]d\ _

Uof] Tof ;fs'a' uf=lj=; aL Nof;Jof dgf d]N;]d\ hg;vofkf] cg'kft !M!=)& Uof] . k|lt kl/jf/

%=%$ hgf ;b:o Uof]g' . cfof]hgf k}efljt If]qxofdaL d]N;]d\ , blnt dgf cflbjf;L hghflt

xofd\aL ljkGg au[kf] ?kjL juL{s[t Do'GKof Uof] .

;fdflhs d'Nofªg k|ltj]bgaL hgfOP cg';f/ Tof lhNnfx\ofdkf] cfly{s ;+/rgf ;du| ?kjL s[lif

dgf u}/ s[lif If]qx\ofdcof lgwf{/0f Do'Tg'd Uof]g' dgf u}/ s[lif If]qx\ofdkf] k|d'v cfDbfgLkf] ;|f]tkf]

?kjL j}b]lzs /f]huf/, /]ld6\ofG;, gf]s/L -;]jf . k]G;g, Jofkf/, Hofnf dhb'/L, 3/]n', pBf]u cflb

Uof]g' . s[lif dgf kz'kfngcof 3/]n' cfDbfgLkf] !) k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6]ODof d];fª hflu/ k]G;g ,

;]jf cflbcof @) k|ltzt dgf /]ld6]ofG;cof %) k|ltzt of]ubfg Dof . ;fdflhs Dof . ;fdflhs

d'Nofªg k|ltj]bgcof dfª aft Olut Dof eg] Tof If]qx\ofdkf] cflbjf;L hghftLx\ofkf]

hLjLsf]kfh{g ;f]|t ;fwg x\ofd|kf] k|of]u dgf cfly{s ultljlw ;+rfng Do'Gof k2lt t'jª Uof] dgf

rf cflbjf;L hghftL dgf ofy5'SKof ;d'bfoaL afx]s jªfd\ Vofn]aL cfly{S ;xfotfkf] t'a ;femf

Kofs]hª kof{Kt 5' .

sfj]nL bLjL l;rfO{ , t'ªlsd\ s', 3§ dgf aªfd\ dfgljo k|of]hgkfa|aL k|of]u Do'Dofg' . oBkL dfª

aftaL Wofg laGofdTo' eg] :yflgo ;d'bfo c\of Tof bLaL ª\of] ;]GGof ;]Tg'' . df]nf] Joj;fokf] ?kaL

df]cf] cdxofdkf] km';{bkf] yf]rLjL dgf]/~hgkf] a|aL ª\of] ;]Tg' . rf kl/jf/c\of v]ltkftLns k'm;{b

Yof]g'd\ yf]rLaL ª\of] ;]Gof dgf VofO{ Do'Gof Dofg'd\ c\of :o'of]ª Toflaª lge{/ d'd'g' . :yflgo dfemL

;d'bfoc\of ljiffQm dgf ljB't k|of]u Dofg'g cj}w ?kjL ªof] ;]Gg'dc\of ofynf]d\ aif{x\ofdaL ªof]kf]

;+VofaL pNn]v sdL 5'o'STofd\ cofGGof u'gf;f] Uo]fg' .

cfof]hgf If]q dgf Tof TofDof px]dof] k|l;4 k'/ftflTas aofx\ofd\ d'Uof] . oBkL , ljleGg wfld{s

aofx\ofd\kf] pkl:ytcof cfof]hgfkf] :j?k lgdf0f{ dgf ;+rfngaL r'gf}tL ykO{ Do'Tofd\ Uof] .

k'/ftflTjs ;f“:s[lts dgf P]ltxfl;s ;|f]tx\ofd\


21

lxGb'wd{kf] k|rlnt /bd g';L wfld{s ;l;{Gof dgf clGtd\ ;:sf/kf] a\aL bLkf] s'= y'Sg' af“wscf

s/Lj @=% ls=ldkf] b'/LaL kf~rfog lzjfno -sfj]nL_ dlGb/ Uof] . cfof]hgfcof s'kf] ;tx 36]/

%=^ ls=ld= v08 uf]lj k/]O 5'SKof Tof dxTjk'0f{ wfld{s aof :of] . lzj /fqL , PsfbzL x]ªldd\

pg]ªaL 3\jfNKof ;+/rgfaL eQmhgx\ofd\ x\of];fcf TofaL ;l;{g' . s'z] cf]zL dftf lty{ cf}zL

x]ªaLd pg]ª xofd\aL TofDofns 3f]n] x;x\ofd\ tdf]/ dgf sfj]nL bLaL d]nf e/]O dOdL dgf

;/l;saL x\of]g' . t's pNn]lvt %=^ ls=ld=bL v08aL lxGb' wdf{jnDaLx\ofdkf] ;'s\a' -vf]nfvs{ ,

sfa]nL dgf l;?kf_ bfx;+:sf/ aofx\ofd\ Uof]g' . lkgf;L b]nkf] dfemL ;d'bfocof pBf}nL , pef}nL

,w'nL k'hf , ;'g;/L k'hf dgf tdf]/ k'hfjL tdf]/ bLaL ljz]if k'hfcfhf Dofg' cfof]hgf lgdf0f{ jof

glhs} bfx;:sf/kf] a|aL t'a kf6Lkf] lgdf0f{ 5'SKof Uof] .

6«fp6 - Schizoar sps _ dgf :6f]g sfo{ (psilor hynchus pseudochenious_ ª\of]x\ofd\ cfbLjf;L

hgfhftL _ /fb' lnDa' , dfemL _ cfbL ;d'bfokf] ljz]if k'hf cfhfaL tfkf] s'nb]jtfx\ofd\ :oft ljGof

rx]O{ 5' .

cWofo kf “r

Tof cWofoc\of sfj]nL P s'ljB't lgdf{0f aof dgf , cfof]hgfkf] :j?kjL ljsNkx\ofDkf] a|aL

ljZn]if0f Dof . jª\fd\ s'ljB't kl/of]hgfx\ofd\kf] t'ngfaL Tof cfof]hgfaL ;fGb{lea tYo :yflkt Dof

.

ljsNkx\ofdkf] ljZn]if0f

g]kfnaL y]a]nf] ljBdfg phf{ ;+s6kf] ;Djf]wg Do'Gof t'?Gt} yk ljB't kl/of]hgf x\ofd\ ;+rfngaL

x\jfGGof cfjZos Uof]

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofª\sgkf] v08 %=# aL (no projet) kf] ljsNk k|:t't Do'GKof Uof] dgf

l8hnns ljh'nL pTkfbg , cGo fossilfuel uf]a/ Uof; dgf kmf]xf]/ns ;f}o{ phf{ dgf ef/tns

ljB't cfot nufPtkf] ljsNkx\ofdkf] k|of]u dgf Dofkf] ;Defljt kl/df0f af/] 5nkmn Do'GKof Uof] .

;fy} pQm v08aL sfa]nL P cfof]hgfkf] 5gf]6k]f a|aL of] 5nkmn Do'GKof Uof] .;g\ !((& aL ljZj

a}skf] ;xof]uaL g]kfn ;/sf/c\of !#* j6f s'ljB't cfof]hgfx\ofd\ -!) scf #) d]ufjf6

;f]Ddf]kf]_ dWod s'ljB't cWoog cfof]hgf MHSP uf]aL 5gf}6 dgf jftfj/0fLo kIfaL WofgaL


22

Tof];fcf Do'GKof . pQm auL{s/0faL sfj]nL P s'laB't cfof]hgfcof zLif{ ;ftaL cf]gtfkf] :yfg

;'/lIft Do'GKof Uof] .

Table E.3

a}slNks ljZn]if0f k|lqmofkf] ;f/f+z

l;=g+= ljsNk d'Vo sfskm\ofO{

! px]dof] cfof]hgf d'Uof] . ljB'tkf] ck'lt{ dgf

dfujLrkf] ljBdfg vf8n

emg Ejftf]{ VjfO{ Dofcof

ulDe/ ;fdflhs , cfly{s

glthf pTkGg Dof] . Dof]kf]

kltlqmof :j?k l8h]nns

y'SKof h]g]/]6/kf] pkof]u

Eof/tf] VjfO{

@ h}ljs phf{aL cfwfl/t laB't

KnfG6

Tof ljsNk cGt{ut 5'SKof

ljB't k|ltlsnf]jf6

)=#)cd]l/sL 8n/ k/]O5'Gof

VjfO{ c\ofgldd cof:;f

kf“r u'0ff dx+uf] k/]O5' . Tof

ljsNkns ljB't pTkfbg

5'nf] k|lt @)! d]ufjf6

ljB't pTkfb5'nf] !,^),*))

6g sfj{g8fO{cs;fO8

pT;h{g 5' . ;fy} , ;Nkm/

gfO6«; cS;fO8 x]8ldd\

Uof;x\ofd\ pT;h{g

5'lddc\of If]qLo dgf


23

:yflgo jftfj/0fLo k|efj

pTkGg 5'g' .

#= ef/tns yk lah'nL cfot ef/tns c\ofgtf]:s ljB't

cfoft e/kbf]{ d'5'lddcof

Dofsf]nf] d+xuf] of] Uof] .

sfnfGt/aL VjfOg g]kfncof

;'Vvf ofdaL ljh'nL cª;fcf

jif{f ofdaL ef/taL ª ljlqm

Do'Gof dOKof TjfO{ . Tok]md\

ef/taL pTkfbg 5'SKof

cltl/Qm @)! d]ufjf6

j/fj/kf] ljh'nLc\of

!,^$,*,@) 6g yk sfj{g8fO{

cS;fO8 pT;{hg Dof

$ ;f}o{ phf{ ;f}o{ phf{ ljsf; s'ljB't

c\of:;fcf dx“uf] 5' .

;/sf/L kIfns ;f}o{ phf{kf]

ljsf;aL cg'bfg k|fKt 5'SKof

;Defjgf Go'g Uof] .

% jfo' phf{ k|fljlws ?kjL g]kfn v08

v08aL k|fKt 5'SKof jfo'

phf{ pTkfbgkf] a|aL ;Ifd

d'Uof] . ;fy} Tof vlr{nf]

pknJw DoKof Eof]n of] d'Tof

.


24

^ jªfd s'ljB'tkf] ljsNkxofd\ k|:tfljt cfof]hfgf k'0f{

;DefJotf dgf jftfj/0fLt

k|efj d'Nofªsg kZrft !#*

j6f ljsNkx\ofd\ dWo]ns

5fg]ODo'Kof Uof] . ljleGg jof

dgf af “ws ;+/rgfkf] ;dLIf

ofy Tof cfof]hgf

5fg]O{Do'GKof :of] .

cWofo –^

Tof cWofoaL sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfkf] lgdf{0f dgf ;+rfngns jftfj/0faL k/]O5'SKof

;Defljt k|efjkf] Vof]aL rrf{ Do'GKof Uof] .-tflnsf_ ;fy} , d]km]d\ k|efjx\ofdaL bVjfO{ Do'Gof

ckg]O Do'lsd\ k|:tfljt pkfoxofdkf] vfsf of] k|:t't Do'GKof Uof] . d]km]d Go'lgs/0fkf]

pkfox\ofdkf] cf]gtfkf] dof{bf qmd d[To' dgf ;DefJo c;/x\ofd\ 6f/]O{ Do'Gof dgf bVjfO{ Do'Gof

ckg]O{ Do'Gof dOKof t]km]d\ pkfoxofd\ cGt/fli6«o cEof;sf]nf] d]n Uof]Kof lsl;dof] Uof]g' .

;DefJo jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] Go'lgs/0fof] pkfox\ofd\ M

jªfd\ rf ljsf; lgdf0f{kf] Sofdx\ofdc\of x]ª cfof]hgf lgdf0f{cof of] ljleGg jftfj/0fLo dgf

;fdflhs k|efjx\ofd\ pTkGg Dofg'

cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkf] c:yfoL k|efjxofd\

h:t} -s_ cToflws dfqfaL w'nf], wF'jf, ;jf/L cfudgaL c:tJo:ttf, ux'|Fuf] pks/0fx\ofdkf] k|of]u -

-v_ xflgsf/s t/n kmf]xf]/d}nf pT;h{g dgf Dofkf] Tofc\of aof uf]aLd\ s' dgf ;txkf] s'kf]

;|f]tx\ofdaL k|b'if0f -u_ xfgLsf/s 7f]; kmf]xf]/d}nf pT;h{g -3_ a9\bf] e"IfoLs/0f -ª_ lgdf{0fkf]

qmdaL b'3{6gf -r_ oftfoft dgf NofDyLKof xF;x\ofdkf] b'3{6gfaL EjfGof{ . lgdf{0fkf] r/0faL

cfof]hgf If]q TofDof SofdDo'Kof x\ofdkf] cfudgc\of hg;+VofaL pNn]vgLo a[l4 5' . cfof]hgfkf]

a|aL cfjZos ^))—*)) SofdDo'Kofx\ofdaL cfof]hgf aof TofDof lgdf{0f Do'GKof lzlj/x\ofdaL

Joj:yfkg Do'Gof dOKof Uof] . Tofns k|fs[lts ;Dkbf dgf ;fd'bflos y'Gofd x\ofdc\of cltl/Qm


25

rfk y]uODo'Gof dOKof cj:yf Uof]Kof cg'dfg Do'GKof Uof] . Ejf/Kof hg;+Vofkf] pt';c\of Dofnf]

;ª dgf s'kf] dfu Ejf/, :jf:Yo ;]jf :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgx\ofd dbf]VKof 5'SKof TjfO{ . ljleGg

k[i7e"ldaL x;\x\ofdkf] cfudg a[l4 5'nf] ;fdflhs s'l/tLx\ofd x]ªldd\ dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg j]Zofa[lt

cflbaL a[l4 5' dgf ;+qmfds of}g /f]ux\ofd km}n]O 5'Gof vt/f Uof] .

Go'gLs/0f

sDkgLc\of jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs k|efaaL ;Daf]wg Do"Gofkf] lglDt jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg

of]hgf to Do'Tofd Uof] . Tof of]hgf cGtu{t -s_ ;txkf] t'snfd Vjfkkf] Kof]s hDdf Do'Gof dgf

k'g{k|of]u Do'Gof, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx\ofd t'ª aofaL e08f/0f Do'Gof, pTvgg Do'GKof ;txaL e"—Ifo

5'Gof dljGof, pvf]To" dgf pEjfn 9n lgdf{0f ;+slnt s'aL ;'/lIft If]qaL lj;h{g .

M

-v_ py]/ aofkf] ;+/If0f -pvf]No" dgf pEjfn 9n lgdf{0f 3fF; ofd'Gof, leQfaL kvf{n a]Gof_ -u_

Nofdkf] ;fsb]nª 9n lgdf{0f, WjgL lgoGq0fkf] pkfox\ofd -lj:kmf]6kf] Sofdx\ofd\ pGof]n tªª

Do'gof, a:tL TofDof xg{ lgif]lwt Do'Gof_ M -3_ kmf]xf]/ s'aL lglZrt 6\ofªsLaL hDdf Do'Gof -ª_

lgdf{0fkf] qmdaL k|of]u 5'SKof n'lj|s]G6\;, ljiffn' /;fog cflbof] ;'/lIft ?kaL lj;{g d'Gof -r_

7fpF7fpFaL rkL{kf] Joj:yf Do'Gof, lgdf{0f aof dgf lzlj/x\ofdns NofOKof 7f]; kmf]xf]/d}nf plrt

Joj:yfkg Do'Gof -5_ lj:kmf]6ns Iflt 5'SKof sd . ;+/rgfx\ofdof] Ifltk'lt{ k|bfg Do''Gof -h_

sRrL Nofd\ x\ofd\aL a]nfa]nfaL s' j]S;fcf ldSDof dgf w'nf] bVjfO{ Do'Gof, k|of]uaL x\of]Kof

ufl8x\ofdkf] k|0ffnLut dd{t ;Def/ Do'Gof -em_ d]km]d kmf]xf]/d}nfof] l;w} s'kf] ;|f]tx\ofdaL lj;h{g

Do'Gof lgl:rt sfo{qmd dgf k|lqmof yfngL Do'Gof -6_ a[If/f]k0f sfo{qmd Do'Gof, cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkf]

Sofd ;DkGg 5'ldd\ ofy lgdf{0fkf] qmdaL pTkGg ;d:of dgf k|efjx\ofdkf] Go"gtd :t/aL Tof]Gof

x/;Dej pkfo cjnDag Do'Gof .

cfof]gf lgdf{0fkf] bf}/fg5'SKof SofdDo'Kof x\ofdkf] cfudgof] Jojl:yt Do'Gof sfa]nL OghL{

lnld6]8c\of lj:t[t /0fgLlt tof/ Do'Tofd Uof] Dofcg';f/

sofdDo'Kofx\ofdkf] a|aL cfrf/ ;+lxtf lgdf{0f Do'Gof, lzsf/, ca}w Aofkf/ dgf dlb/f ;]jg x]ªldd\

Sofdx\ofdaL aGb]h a]Gof, Sofdd'Kofx\ofdkf] OGwgkf] Joj:yf Do'Gof cflb sfo{qmdx\ofd\ k/]O5'g' .

lgdf{0fkf] c:yfoL k|efj dgf hf]lvd\ bVjfO{ Do'Gof lnlvt k|lqmof dgf of]hgf cjnDag Do'Gof

‰ofk


26

• =;+rf/ dgf ;fdflhs hgr]tgf sfo{qmdns :yfgLo ;d'bfokf] cfof]hgfkf] k|utL dgf

;d'bfokf] ;'/Iffkf] Vof]aL ljZj:t Do'Gof

• of . Tofkf] a|aL :yfgLosf]nf] ;'emfax\ofd NjfDGof, c;dembf/L xn Do'Gof ;+oGq Do'Gof

cflb sfo{qmd ;+rfng Do'Gof cofGGof yf]lG; .

• :yfgLo ;d'bfo sfof{bn dgf jªfdkf] :jf:YoaL 5'SKof hf]lvd\ Joj:yfkg Do'Gof hg:jf:Yo

Sofd of]hgf tof/ Do'Gof .

• lgdf{0fkf\] qmdaL ;jf/L cfjfudg Jo:yfkg of]hgf th'{df

jftfj/0fLo ;DaGwL Vof]n] sfuhkqx\ofdaL ;dflji6 Do'Gof . jftfj/0fLo Jo:yfkg of]hgfkf] 9fFrf

cg'?k Vof]n lgdf{0f ultljlwx\ofdkf] ;'kl/j]If0f Do'GofdOKof Uof] .

Table E.4 kl/of]hgfof] ;Defljt jftfj/0Lo dgf ;fdflhs k|efj, hf]lvd dgf Go'lgs/0fof]

pkfox\ofd\

kl/of]hgfsf] k|efjdgf hf]lvd Go"lgs/0fkf] pkfoXofd

• c:yfoL lgdf0f{of] k|efjx\ofd\ • sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8 cof t]km]d vfnkf]

k|efjx\ofd lgoGq0f Do'Gof Uof]Kof ljsf;

Do'Tofd Uof] . h:t}M lgdf0f{ ;fdfu|L

lglZrt

• jofaL tª\ª hDdf Do'Gof , py]/ aof

;+/If0f Do'Gof WjgL lgoGq0f Do'Gof

lzlj/x\ofdaL rkL{of] Joj:yf Do'Gof

s'k|b'if0f lgoGq0f Do'Gof j[If/f]k0f Do'Gof

,Sofd Do'Kofx\ofDkf] a|aL cfrf/ ;+lxtf

nfu' Do'Gof cfbL

• ;+rf/ dgf ;fdflhs ;r]tgf sfo{qmd

x]ª\ldd\ u'gf;f dgf åGb Joj:yfkg ;+oGq

• hg :jf:Yo Sofd of]hgf

• w'nf] w'jf, WjgL k|b'if0f,;jf/L cfjfudg

jfwf dgf £jfNKof pks/0fx\ofdof] ;+rfng

• kmf]xf]/ s' pTkfbg 5'Skof s'dgf k|b'if0faL

j[l4 7f]; xfgLsf/s kbfy{of] pTkfbg

• Ejf/Kof e'–Ifo dgf e'–:vng c:yfoL

?kaL hg;Vof j[l4 5'nf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t dgf

;fwgaL cltl/Qm rfkof] cj:yf ;[hgf dgf

hg:jf:YoaL ulDe/ c;/

• bL3{sfnLg jftfj/0fLo k|efj


27

• lgdf0f{kf] bf}/fg oftfoft Joj:yfkg

of]hgf Joj:yfkg of]hgf

• b/vf:t k]z Do'ld\ sfuhftjL jftfj/0f

;DaGwL Joj:yf pNn]v .

aof kof{j/0faL cfof]hgfcof guGo ?kaL

tªª\ k|ToIf Dofldg ck]Iff Do'GKof Uof] .

cfof]hgf If]q TofDof 5'SKof hg;Vof j[l4

dgf ;xh kx' “rcof ck|ToIf k|efj eg]

Do'GofRofKof TjfO{

• g]kfn y'Gofd lgb]{lzsf =@)^#_ cg'?k

j[If/f]k0f

• y'Gofd kmfF8fgL 5'SKof If]qjL Ifltk"lt{

• pQm If]qaL j[If/f]k0f

• cfof]hgf k|efljt ;fd'bflos dgf y'Gofd\

pkef]Qmf x\ofdaL k|faLlws dgf cfly{s

;xof]u

• cfof]hgf ;dj4 SofdDo'Kof

x\ofdaLd§Lt]nof] Joj:yf y'Gofd k}bfjf/

dgf 0\of]of] vl/b ljlqmaL k|ltjGw

• SofdDo'Kof :yfgLo y'Gofd If]qjL

b'n]ODo'Gof k|ltjGw

sfj]nL bLof] k|fs[lts jxfj, e"–jgf]6 dgf

kof{j0fL{o :yfoL kl/jt{gof] pt';x\ofd\

-s_ j;fO{;/fO{ Do'Kofªof] x\ofdkf] cfjfudg

aL cj/f]w, :yfoL ?kaL j;f]jf; Do'Kof dgf

j;fO{;/fO{ Do'Kof ;fSa'ª\ k|hfkltkf] ª\of]VofGof

-v_ s'kf] :t/ 36]O 5'SKof If]qx\ofdaL k|hgg,

cfxf/f cfbLkf] ;Defjgf d'Uof]Gof

-u_hnfzokf] lgdf0f{ ofy s'kf] jxfj /f]s]O

5'Gof

• jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsgcof -u_ dgf -

3_ kf] k|efjx\ofd guGo 5'Sof k'li6 5'SKof

Uof] .

• jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf cGtu{t

cltl/tm of]hgf lgdf{0f Do';fq]dfl;s s'

lgl/If0f k|0ffnL ;lxtkf] ;Dk'0f{ Go'gLs/0fkf]

pkfox\ofd\ cjnDag Do'GofdOKof Uof] .

• cfof]hgf jif}{Eof]/L bLkf] k|fs[lts jxfjkf] !)

k|ltzt cyjf )=*^ So';]s s'of] jxfj


28

-3_ tdf]/ bLkf] o'snfd VjfkaL s'k|jfxaL

ptf/r9fj x\of]Gof

sfod Tof

• a;fO{;/fOkf] a\aL v'b'sf]nf] Nofd v'Nnf

Tof]Gof dgf ;'VofofdaL s'kf] axfj sfod

5'Gof

• lgl/If0fof] glhtfof] cfwf/aL pkfox\ofd

km]/jbn 5'Gof RofAo'

bL3{sfnLg ;fdflhs k|efjXofd

cfof]hgf lgdf0f{of] r/0faL @@–%) x]S6/

hldg :yfoL ?kaL dgf @%=@! x]S6/ hldg

c:yfoL ?kaL clwu|x0f Do'GofdO{Kof Uof] .

sl/j !# sdkl/jf/ Tofns k|efljt 5'g'

DofaL @ kl/jf/c\of %) k|ltzt hldg

u'd]ODo'Tg', * kl/jf/c\of @% k|ltzt hldg

bVjfO{ dgf # kl/jf/cof @% scf k|ltzt

hldg ud]ODofg' cf+lzs ?kaL rfsdkl/jf/

lj:yflkt d'5'g' . cofg ;+rfngaL Uof]Kof

@@=$ ls=dL=;8skf] :t/f]GgtL Do';fcf dgf

kfj/ xfp; ;f]Ddf]kf] a|aL

• cfly{s ?kaL lj:yflkt 5'SKof sdkl/jf/kf]

a|aL ljZj a}+s ;d'xkf] hldg clwu|x0f,

clgR5's k'g:yfkgf lhljsfkfh{g

k'g:yfkgf dgf cfjZostfkf] dfkb08sf]nf]

d]n Hof]Kof Do';fcf lgdf0f{

• t' nfv a/fa/ @% j6f ;ª k|efljt

;fd'bflos y'Gofd pkef]Qmf ;d'x x\ofdaL

lgDgfg';f/ Ifltk'lt{ k|bfg Do'Gof dOkof -

s_ Eof]d yf] a/fa/kf] Ifltk'lt{ -v_y'Gofd

k|j4{g sfo{qmdkf] a|aL k|fljlws ;xfotf

cfof]hgf aof lgdf0f{ TofDofkf] kfrfog

lzjfno, ;sa' 3f6x\ofd dgf t'a lj>fd

u[xjL k|lts'n c;/

• k|efljt ;d'bfox\ofdsf]nf] Jofks k/fdz{

• ;fdfGotof bLkf] s'k|jfx k|fs[lts

b[li6sf]0fns kof{Kt Uof]vf]kf] k|To]s jif{kf]

sflt{s, d+l;/ dlxgfaL wfld{s dgf

;f:s[lts pg]ªaL Wofg Tof];fcf bLof]

s'k|jfx a9]O{ 5' .

• ;f:s[lts cj;/aL k|of]u Do'Gof Do';f


29

pko'Qm ulx/fO{ ;lxt kf]v/L lgdf0f{ Do'Gof

dOKof Uof] . 3f6 TofDof cfjZostf cg'?k

afw lgdf0f{ Do'cf hnfzo ag]ODo'Gof dOKof

Uof] .

• pg]ªx\ofd\kf] cj;/aL cltl/Qm s'k|jfxkf]

Joj:yf Do'Gof dOKof

cfbLjf;L dgf hghftLkf] ld>Lt a;f]jf;

Uof]ldd Eofn uf=lj=; ;Defljt k|lts'n c;/

x\ofd k/]O5' . cfof]hgfc\of -s_ k/Dk/fut

?kaL :jfldTjaL Uof]Kof e'dL dgf k|fs[lts

• SAP dgf RECAP aL ;dfj]z

Go'lgs/0fkf] pkfox\ofd

• ;fd'bflos k/fdz{

• d]N;]d, blnt dgf cflbjf;L ;d'bfoaL

5'SKof k|efjaL Joj:yfkg Do'Gofc\of ljlzi6

of] hgfx\ofdNofn VjfTofg'd Uof] .

-s_s[lif ;xfotf sfo{qmd

-v_ n3' shf{ sfo{qmd

-u_ ;Lkd'ns tflnd

-3_ /f]huf/Lkf] cj;/

-ª_ z'4 t'ªlsds'

-r_ :jf:Yo dgf ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd

-5_ Ifdtf clej[l4d'ns sfo{qmd

-h_ d]N;]d dgf cfbLjf;L ;d'bfo nlIft

sfo{qmd

d]N;]dof] nfuL n3'shf{ dgf jªfd

sfo{qmdx\ofd cfbLjf;L ;d'bfokf] Ifdtf

ljsf; Do'Gof ljleGg tflnd ;xof]ukf]

pkfox\ofd dgf cfof]hgfaL /f]huf/L


30

sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]6kf] cfof]hgf k|efljt

:yfgLo dgf If]qLo ;d'bfo x\ofdkf] ljsf;

dgf sNof0f k|ltj4ttf

:yflgo ljsf;of] aaL ;fs/jfnfof] sf]ifx\ofd -

s_ lgdf0f{of] q,daL ;f9] tLg jif{of] aa}

k}efljt uf=lj=; x\ofdof] a|aL

g]kfn ;/sf/cof tL; jif{kf] cjlwaL

cfof]hgfns k|fKt /fh:jkf] krf; k|ltzt

If]qLo ljsf;kf] nfuL DofaL !@ k|ltzt

cfof]hgf ;+rfng Uof]Kof lhNnf x\ofdkf] nflu

pkof]u

Go'lgs/0fM–

:yn h}ljs ljljwtf x\of]Kof vnn lgoGq0f Do'Gof -s_ y'Gofd lgb]{lzsf @)^@.^# cg';f/ j[If/f]k0f

Ifltk'lt{ cfjZostf cg';f/ tªª\ y'Gofd kmF8fgL -v_ ;DjlGwt kIfaL cfly{s dgf k|fljlws ;xof]u

-u_ k|efljt If]qkf] afl;GbfaL /f]huf/LaL k|fyldstf -3_ SofdDo'ofx\ofdaL OGwgkf] a|aL dl6t]nkf]

Joj:yf :yflgo ªof] dgf y'Gofd k}bfjf/x\ofd v/Lb ljlqmaL k|ltjGw -ª_ afxL/n

SofdDo'Kofx\ofdaL y'GofdIf]q k|j]z lgif]w x]ªldd pkfox\ofd canDjg Do'Gof dOKof Uof] yk

sfo{qmdkf] ?kjL y'Gofdkf] pkef]QmfXofdjL cfof]hgfc\of kmF8fgL Dofldd y'Gofd ª pknAw Do'Gof

dgf Eof]d yf] pTkfbg j/fj/kf] Ifltk'lt{ ljGof dgf y'Gofd clej[l4 Do'Gof sfo{qmd ;+rfngaL

dOKof Uof] .

s' kof{j/0f

sfj]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgfc\of Do'Kof Vof]n]s lb3{sfnLg jftfj/0fLo k|efj sfj]nL bLkf] pkh

:of] . Tof cfof]hgfkf] lgdf{0f dgf ;+rfngc\of sfa]nL bLkf] kof{j/0faL x|f; x\of]Gof RofKof

;Defjgf Uof] . Tofkf] k|d'v pt'; x\ofdaL -s_ afFwkf] lgdf{0fsf]nf] :yfoL ª\of] dgf a;fO{ ;/fO{

Do'Kof ª\of]x\ofdkf] lgaf{w cfjfudg ca?4 5'Gof -v_ bLkf] rf lx:;fx\ofdaL s' ;KTo'nf] k|hgg\


31

cf/fd dgf d'Kof aofkf] cefj 5'Gof -u_ au]O5'SKof s'kf] 7fpFaL hnfzoc\of s' hd]ODof -3_

ljB't clwstd pTkfbg 5'SKof yf]rLaLjL s'kf] jxfaL ptf/ r9fj x\of]Kof Uof]g' .

aiff{tkf] yf]rLaL s'kf] oy]i6 dfqfaL 5'lddc\of clwstd ljh'nL pTkfbgkf] yf]lraL 5'SKof bLkf]

axfakf] ptf/ r9fa dgf hnfzokf] pt'; s' au]O 5'Gof Tofnf] l:y/ 5'SKof ;d:ofc\of s'

kof{j/0fLo 5'SKof pNn]lvt t]>f] dgf rf}yf] c;/ Go'g tª\ª 5'SKof jftfj/0fLo d"NofªsgaL

k|efjcof Tjflddc\of Uof] . pQm d"NofªsgaL s'kf] jxfa pRr dgf Go'g 5'nf] $@ ;]lG6ld6/kf]

tªª km/s ;]ODo'Gofdcof tdf]/ bLkf] kof{j/0faL pn]Vo c;/ d5'SKof TjfO{ .

sfa]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfkf] pt';c\of 5'SKof d'Vo k|efj c\ofOlsd afFwkf] lgdf{0f kZrft

s'kf] t'snfd axfa dgf o'snfd axfaLjL pTkGg 5'SKof ca/f]w :of] . y];fcf s'kf] k|fs[lts

axfjaL cj/f]w pTkGg 5'nf] ª\of]kf] a;fO{;/fO{ k|efljt 5' . Tofc\of Ao'/] ª\of]x\ofd dgf :yfoL

ª\of]x\ofd VofGg' . bLkf] k|fs[lts axfj cj?4 5'nf] ª\of]kf] k|hfltkf] ljljwtf aL sdL x\of] ax';+Vos

k|hfltx\ofd ;+VofTds ?kaL bVjfO{ 5'g' dg cnf ª\of]kf] hLjg rqmaL gs/fTds c;/ 5' .

;'Vvfofd\aL s' ;Kof bLkf] Vjfkx\ofdc\of Dofnf] ª\of] nufot jªfd d]?b08 ljlxg hLjgx\ofdkf]

o'snfd cfjfudg vl08t 5' . s' ;KTo'nf] cf]l;nf] 7fpFaL tfkf] jf;:yfg ag]O Do'Kof k|hftLx\ofd

lj:yflkt 5'Gof x\of]Kof ;fy} k|hgg, cfxf/fNjfDGof, cf/fd Do'Gof aofkf] sdLc\of a;fO{ ;/fO{

Do'Kof dgf :yfoL ?kc\of d'Kof ;fsvfnkf] ª\of] k|efljt 5'g' .

oBkL, h'g scf cS6f]a/ ;f]Ddf]kf] aiff{ofdaL bLkf] jxfj kof{Kt 5'SKof a;fO{;/fO{ dgf k|hgg

;fSa' ;xh 5'Gofy VjfO{ Dof yf]rLaL s' ;KTo' Vof]n] If]qx\ofdaL s'kf] jxfj x\of]Kof .

Go'gLs/0f

g]kfn ;/sf/c\of hf/L To'Tofd s'ljB't ljsf; gLlt @)%* kf] kl/lwuf]aL d';fcf sfa]nL P

s'ljB't cfof]hgfcof afFwns sDtLaL !)Ü s' k|lt Do'ODof vf]n]O{Dof cyjf )=*^ 3gld6/

k|lt;]s]08 s' lg/Gt/ n]:of÷Tofkf] k|d'v p2]Zo sfa]nL bLkf] s' kof{j/0fkf] a|aL Go'gtd ?kaL

bLx\ofd Uof]g' DofaL ;'Vvf ofdaL of] sfg"gL?kaL cTofcfjZosLo )=*^ 3gld6/ k|lt;]s]08 scf

afx]s sl/a )=!* 3gld6/ k|lt;]s]08kf] b/c\of s'kf] jxfa Uof] .

M


32

;g @)!! dgf @)!# aL ;DkGg Uof]Kof :ynut cWoog, ;}4flGts cWoog, cGt/f{li6«o

lj1kf] ;'emfj dgf g]kfnaL ;+rfngaL Uof]Kof jªfd t]km]d cfof]hgf ;d]tkf] cg'ej x\ofdaL

cfwf/Lt d';fcf sfj]nL P s'laB't cfof]hgfcof )+*^ 3gld6/ k|lt;]s]G8 s'kf] axfj sfod Do'Gof

lgwf{/0f Do'Tofd uf]Tof . y];fcf afwns lgoldt n]G:of]GKof s'dgf sfj]nL bLkf] ;xfos k|fKt 5'Gof

xof]Kof s'cof -s_ s';Kof If]qx\ofdaL bLkf] ª\of]x\ofdaL cf]gtfof] Rof] x's]{O dgf cfxf/f NjfDGof

wDKof cj:yfkf] ;[hgfDof -v_ s';Kof If]qx\ofdaL ª\of]bL y]DaLd lt/kf] dgf o'syfd a;fO{ ;/fO{

lgjf{w ?kcof Yof] . Dofof] ;fy} j;fO{;/fO{kf] Nofd v'nf Tof]Gof ªof]kf] a|aL ;'Vof ofdaL v'b'kf]

Joj:yf dgf Go'gtd s'kf] jxfj lg/Gt/ sfod Tof]Gof dOKof Uof] .

sDkgLkf] ljutkf] k|ltj]bgx\ofd\ cWoog dgf :yflgo dfemLx\ofdsf]nf] dfªjft tYo k|i6

5'Gofxf]Tof c\ofOlsnf] bLkf] o'snfd y ªof]kf] a;fO{;/fO{ ;]K6]Da/kf] cGToaL ;'? 5'So;fcf

l8;]Dj/;f]Dof] sfod Uof] . Vof]n]scf pRrtd ult dgf b/aL a;fO{;/fO{ cS6f]a/ Do'ODof aL 5' .

Tof yf]rf]aL s'k|jfx sfj]nL P s'laB't cfof]hgfkf] :j?kaL bVjfO{ 5' . Tofpt';, cS6f]a/aL

cof:;fcf gf]e]Dj/dgf l8;]Dj/ Do'ODofaL j;fO{;/fO{ Do'Kof k|hftLkf] ª\of]x\ofd 6jfOg 5]p5fpaL

VjfGGof RofKof h]lvd k|jn Uof] . Tof cjlwaL s'k|jfxkf] t' tª\ª ljsNk ªof]kf] a|aL jg]O{ Do'Gof

v'b'ns s' n]G;f]Gof dOKof Uof] . sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfcof Dof v'bns s'of] lgoldt k|jfxkf]

a|aL af“w lgdf0f{ Do'lsnf] s'of] lgsf;of] Joj:yf Dof s'kf] :t/ pRr Uof]nf] dgf ;fljscof:;fcf

36]O5'SKof cj:yfof] a|aL sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgf cf t'sns o'sy 5'SKof ª\of]kf] j;fO{;/fO{kf]

a|aL Nofd k|z:t Do'Gof v'b'kf] cltl/Qm af“wkf] nf:sx\ofd of] vf]n]O Do'lsd Joj:yf Uof] .

sjfkf] ju/x\ofd cfof]hgfkf] pb\ud aofkf] ;'?ªx\ofd\ dgf 6af{OgaL ª\of]x\ofd VofGof

l:ylt pTkGg d'5'lgo cofGofkf] a|aL sdkgLc\of ljleGg ljsNkx\ofd y]DaL ljrf/ lgd{z Do'tf]ª .

Uof] ljleGg ljsNk uf]aL afwkf] emk lsgf/aL ªof]of] a|aL v'b t'j ag]Od'Gof pQd ljsNk 5' dgf

sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfcof ª\of] d}qL a}slNks Nofd\ lgdf0f{ Do'Goftkm{ ljrf/ Do'tf]ªUof] . k]ª

lsgf/faL lgdf0f{ 5'SKof Dofeofª\cof t'y j;fO{;/fO{ Do'Kof ª\of]x\ofdkf] hnfzoaL k|j]z Do'Gof

ljlQs} ;'?ªaL VofGof hf]lvd b/VjfO{ 5' cofGof ck]Iff Do'GKof Uof] . ljsNk of] ?kaL Tof

;+/rgfx\ofd k]ªyfd lsgf/faL lgdf0f{ Do'Gofkf] em\ofo . df]nf]ªof] d}qL j}slNks lgsf; Nofd dgf


33

af“wof] cltl/Qm hnfzoaLªof] VjfGof ;Defjgf 6f/]O Do'Gofkf] lglDt s'kf]t' ld6/ k|lt;]s]G8

cof:;fcf bVjfO{ sfod Tof]Gof dOKof Uof] .

Joj:yfkg of]hgf dgf k|lqmofkf] sfof{Gjofkf] cª\ukf] ?kaL sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfns

k|:tfljt Go'lgs/0fkf] pkfox\ofd ;dflji6 Do';fcf s' kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgfkf] -AEMP_

ljsf; Do'GofdOKof Uof] . Tof of]hgfsf]nf] t'a ;zQm s'lgl/If0f gLlt tof/ Do'Gof Tofc\of lgDg s'

k|jfx\of] pt';c\of 5'GofRofKKof ;DefJo Iflt a'em]/ Do'Gof ;xof]u Dof dgf ljBdfg s'– h}ljs

cfwf//]vf cem dhj't Dof . ;fy} Tof of]hgfns cfjZostf cg'?k ;Defljt Go'lgs/0f dgf

Ifltk'lt{kf] pkfox\ofd k|:tfljt Do'Gof em\ofo s' kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgfaL lgDg Joj:yf

;dfj]z 5'g'

-s_ Go'gtd kof{j/0fLo s'k|jfx -v_ afw dgf cfof]hgf pb\udaof TofDof ef}lts ;+/rgf

lgdf0f{ bLkf] t'snfd Vjfkns j;fO{;/fOof] ;'lglZrttf =ª\of]of] a|aL v'b'_ lbof] o'syfd Vjfkkf]

j;fO{ ;/fO{ dgf :yfoLª\of] VofGof hf]lvcdns d'lQm =ª\of] j}slNks lgsf; , cjl:yt dgf lelqg]

9f“rf Dofsf]nf] Tof of]hgfaL yf]rL ;fk]If Go'lgs/0fkf] pkfox\ofd x]ªldd\ -u_ jif]{gL dWod b'/L dgf

;f]ª\Kof b'/L j;fO{;/fO{ Do'Kof ªof]of] a|aL s' ;+sng 5'SKof bLkf] pkNnf] VjfkjL lr;f] s'kf] k|hgf

s]Gb|sf]nf] ª\of] NjfKb] dgf n]G:of]Gof sfo{qmd -3_ jf;:yfg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd -lbof] lkwFaL Uof]Kof

n'ªx\ofdof] x6]ODo'Gof Sofd bVjfO{ ª Do'Gof bLjL lglZrt jofx\ofdLjL kf]v/L tyf jªfd ef}lts

kl/jt{g Do'Gof -ª_ sfj]nL hnfr/kf] jªfd If]qx\ofdaL :jR5 ;xfos bLx\ofdkf] ;+/If0f Do'Gof

r]tgf clej[lb Do'Gof -r_ hnfzo cof:;fcf t'syfd Vjfk s'kf] jxfj bVjfO{ Uof]ldd If]q dgf

;xfos bLkf] s' ;+sng 5'SKof VjfkjL j[Iff/f]k0f dgf h}ljs OlGhlgol/ª\kf] Sofd x\ofd Do'Gof -^_

s' bVjfO{ Do'Gof jif{kf] ;ft Do'OKof s'k|jfx b/VjfO{ 5'SKof VjfkaL ª\of] ;]GGof k|ltjGw j]Gof dgf

Tofkf] sfof{Gjogkf] a|aL s8f lgu/fgL Tof]Gof -h_ s jf;:yfg dgf ª\of] ;+/If0fkf] a|aL hgr]tgf

d'ns sfo{qmd Nofn a9]O Do'Gof dgf -em_ :yfgLo ;d'bfokf] cfof]hgf jof TofDof ;/;kmfO{

sfod Do'Gof dgf s[lif hGo ljiffbLkf] k|of]u bVjfO{ Do'Gof ;xfotf x\of]Kof . cfjZostf cg'?k

Joj:yfkg dgf ;'wf/kf] a|aL s' kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf s'kf]u'0f:t/ dgf tª\ª -tfkqmd w'nf

5'SKof clS;hg k|jfx, ulx/fO{, j]u_ of] ;zQm q}dfl;s lgl/If0f ;dfj]z 5'g' Tof lgl/If0f ofy s'kf]

jxfj yk36 Do'GofdOKof 5'nf] ljlzi6 kof{j/0fLo cfjZostf x]ªldd\ ;'VvfofdaL ª\of]kf] ljz]if


34

a;fO{ ;/fO{ dgf ;fdflhs cfjZostf x]ªldd\ pg]ª cflbjLWofg Tof];fcf s]lxGof]n jf xKtfkf] a|aL

;f] Joj:Yof d'Gof ‰ofo .

bL3{sflng ;fdflhs k|efjx\ofd\

cfof]hgf ;+rfngc\of Tof If]qaL 5'SKof Vof]n]s d'Vo ;fdflhs c;/ sfj]nL bLkf] k|fs[lts

s'k|jfxaL x\of]Kof kl/jt{gc\of ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts kIfaLXof]Kof hldg clwu|x0f dgf cfbLjf;L

dgf jªfd km]OvKof ju{kf] hgtfaL 5'Skof k}efjx\ofd Uof]g' . hnfzo lgdf0f{, d'Vo sfof{no,

laB't sd dgf jªfd sfj]nL k'jf{wf/x\ofdkf] a|jL cfjZos :yfoL hldg clwu|x0f ª Tof

kl/of]hgfkf] k|ToIf c;/Xofd Uof]g' . k|:tfljt cfof]hgf cGtu{t px]dof] ef}lts k"g{:yfkgfkf]

cfjZostf d'TjfOª Uof] . ;'Vvf ofdjL sfj]nL lbdgf tdf]/ bLkf] bf]efg glhskf] %=^ lsnf]ld6/kf]

v08jL 8fOeh{g afwc\of Dofnf] s'kf]dfqf 36]O5'nf] s]xL ;fdflhs k|efj TjfO{ . Tofkf] k|efjXofd

ª\of] ;]Gof Sofd ;fF:s[lts dgf wfld{s cEof; Xofd -wfld{s :gfg dgf clGtd ;+:sf/_ XofdjL

k/]O5'g' .

cfof]hgfkf] a|jL @@=%) x]S6/ hldg :yfoL ?kjL dgf @%=@! x]S6/ hldg c:yfoL ?kjL clwu|x0f

Do'Gof dOKof Uof] . :yfoL ?kjL clwu|x0f Do'GKof hldg dWo] &=^ x]S6/ #$ k|ltzt hldg

v]ltof]Uo Uof] DofjL !# sdc\of !@@ hgfjL k|efj 5' . ;fdflhs d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg jL ;]ODo'GKof

cg'?k, s[lifc\of cdXofdkf] jflif{s cfojL !^ k|ltzSof] of]ubfg Uof] dgf hldg clwu|x0fc\of

cfdXofd\kf] cfoaL gufo ?kaL k|efj d'Kof ck]Iff Do'Gof em\ofo . :yfoL ?kaL clwu|x0f Do'Kof

hldguf]aL !=%& x]S6/ hldg ;fd'bflos dgf sj'nLolt y'Gofd If]q k/]O5' . ofSsL ?kaL km]OvKof

Tof y'Gofdx\ofd ;ªof] a|aL k|of]u 5'g' .

sl/j @$ lsnf]ld6/ ;f]ªKof w'nf] ;8saL :t/f]GgtL Do';fcf d'Vo sfof{no -!% ls=ld=_ dgf

ljB'tsd -& ls=ld_ ;f]Ddf] kx'Fr Nofdkf] ?kaL k|of]u 5' . :yflgo ;d'bfosf]nf] Jofks 5nkmn dgf

cdXofd\kf] tLj| cfu|x ofy Tof pkfo cjnDjg Do'GKof Uof] . Tof ;8sX\ofDkf] lgdf0f{kf] qmdaL

px]dof] hldg clwu|x0f dgf px]eof] k'g:yfkgf Do'gof dOKof dTo' .

%^) ls=ld v08aL s'k|jfx k|efljt 5'SKoflddcof kf~rfog lzjfno -sfj]nL_ dlGb/ dgf ;'Sj'

bfx;:sf/ aofx\ofd k|efljt 5'g' . Tof cj:yfaL ;'VVof ofdaL sfj]nL bLjL cl:ylj;{hg dgf


35

wfld{s ;+:sf/kf] a|aL k|ofKt hn:t/ dgf ;/;kmfO{kf] cj;/ pknJw d'5'Gofof] RofJo' . rf8kj{kf]

a]nfaL cem eL8 7'nf] Tof cj:yf emg} Ejf/g VjfOkof TjfO{ .

;/sf/L gLlt dgf ljZj a}s ;d'xof] lgltx\ofdaL pNn]v 5'SKof :jtGq k'j{ hfgsf/L dgf

k/fdz{kf] l;4fGt -ICP_ cg'?k sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of Tofkf] k/fdz{aL txut ?kaL ;+rfng

Dof . cfd ;d'bfo :t/kf] k/fdz{ jfx]s DofaL Vof]n] v'Nnf ?kaL efu NjfDGof Yof]lsd, ;fdflhs

d'Nofª\sg ;d'xc\of cflbjf;L hghftL d]N;]d . blnt dgf ;fd'bflos y'Gofd ;ldlt x\ofdaL

nlIft Do';fcf 5'§} k/fdz{kf] sfo{qmdx\ofd ;+rflngDof . ;DjlGwt ;d'bfokf] rf;f] dgf cfu|x

a'em]1Do'Gof ljleGg k|efj Onfsfx\ofdaL t]y]d k/fdz{x\ofd cfof]hgf 5'Tof k/fdz{xofdaL

cfbLjf;L hghftL dgf km]OvKof ;d'bfo nufot jfª\d ;d'bfons of] k|z:t dfqfaL ;Nnfx

;'emfjx\ofd k|fKt 5'STof dgf :jtGq dgf kf/bzL{ jftfj/0faL cy{k'0f{ k/fdz{x\ofd ;+rfng 5'SKof

;fdflhs d'NofÍg k|ltj]bgc\of k/fdz{kf] k|lqmof TofjL k|fKt ;Nnfx ;'emfj dgf cflbjf;L

nufotkf] :yfgLo ;d'bfons k|fKt j[xt ;dy{g of] ;d]6]O Do'Tofd Uof] .

t's pNn]v 5'SKof cg'?k sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfcof hghftL dgf cflbjf;L ld>Lt j;f]jf;

Uof]Kof Eofn uf=lj=; x\ofdaL k|lts'n k|efj Do'Kof ;Defjgf Uof] .

;fdflhs d'Nofªsg k|ltj]bgc\of cofOldd\ x]ª\;f hflto leGgtfkf] jfjh't :yflgo hgtfx\ofc\of

lhljsf] kfh{g dgf cfly{s ultljlwkf] xsjL ;femf kl/kf6L cjnDjg Do'Tofd Uof]g' hldg

clwu|x0fcof Vof]n]Hjfd dgf ;fF:s[lts ;d'xaL ;dfg k|s[ofkf] cfly{s k|efj Do'Kof ck]Iff

Do'GKofc\of Ifltk"lt{ dgf lhljsf]kfh{g ;xfos Kofs]h ;femf vfnkf] k|bfg Do'Gof ‰ofk .

cfof]hgfkf] pt';c\of kl/jf/ lj:yflkt 5'g' .

Dofuf]aL cfbLjf;L lnDj' kl/jf/kf] hldg clwu|x0f Do'GKof s'n hldgkf] !=* k|lzt tª\ª 5' .

sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfc\of -s_ k/Dk/fut ?kaL :jfldTjaL Uof]Kof k|of]hgkf] a|aL jfWosf/L

cj:yfaL Uof]Kof cfbL px]dof] e"ld dgf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg x\ofd\aL k|efj d'Dof -v_ cfbLjf;L

hghftL ;d'bfoaL pd\x\ofdkf] :jfldTjaL Uof]Kof dgf ef]urng Do'tf] vf]ªKof e'ld cyjf k|fs[lts

;fwg;|f]t x\ofdns lj:yflkt d'Dof -u_ cflbjf;L hghftLkf] hghLjgaL wfld{s ;f“:s[lts dgf

cfWoflTds kIf dgf cdx\ofdkf] klxrfgkf] a|aL dxTjk"0f{ ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx\ofdaL px]dkf]

pNn]vgLo k|efj d'5' -3_ cfbLjf;L hgfhftL hg;Vofkf] /Lltl/jfh, pknJwLx\ofd 1fgx\ofd dgf


36

;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfkf] Jofkffl/s k|of]hgkf] a|aL k|of]u d'5' . ;fdflhs d'Nofªsg k|ltj]bgc\of

cflbjf;L hghflt blnt d]N;]d cflbkf] l:yltkf] ljZn]if0fDo';fcf cfof]hgfaL cdx\ofkf] cy{k'0f{

;xeflutf dgf cfof]hgfns clwstd nfe k|bfg Do';fcf sfo{qmd lgdf0f{ dgf nfu' Do'Gof

l;kmfl/; Do'Tofd Uof] .

Go"lgs/0f dgf ;fdflhs ljsf; x:tIf]k

k/fdz{kf] dfkb08, hldg clwu|x0f clgR5's k'gjf;{dgf cflbjf;L hghftL hg;Vof ;DjlGwt

g]kfn ;/sf/ dgf ljZj a}s ;d'xof] gLtLx\ofdsf]nf] tfbfTDo tf Tof]tf] ljsf; x:tIf]kx\ofd tof/

Do'GKof Uof]g' . Tof x:tIf]k sfo{of]hgfx\ofd ;fdflhs sfo{ of]hgf dgf l;kmfl/;kf] cfwf/aL ljsf;

5'SKof . sfof{Gjog Do'Gof ;lhnf] 5'lgo c\of;f Tof Sofdx\ofdaL cfof]hgfof] t'aª ;fdflhs Sofd

of]hgfuf]aL ;dfj]z Do'GofdOKof Uof] . ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfaL .

-s_ ;jf{ªufL0f ;fdflhs ;'/Iff gLlt 9fFrf -v_ k'g{:yfkgf Ifltk'lt{ dgf lhljsf]kfh{g ;xfotf

of]hgf -u_ cflbjf;L hghflt dgf ljkGg ;d'bfo ljsf; of]hgf -3_ hg:jf:Yokf] pkfox\ofd

-ª_ nfe jf8kmf8kf] pkfox\ofd -r_ hgk/fdz{ dgf ;+rf/ /0fgLlt -^_ u'gf;f ;Djf]wg dgf

lg/LIf0f ;+oGq sfof{Gjogkf] Joj:yf cfbL ;dfj]z Do'GKof Uof]g' .

k'g:yfkgf Ifltk'lt{ dgf lhljsf]kfh{g ;xfotf of]hgf -RCLAP_

RCLAP kf] jgf]6 x:tIf]kkf] lj:t[t Kofs]h ns :yflgo ljsf;kf] ;xof]u Do'Gof dgf cfof]hgfkf]

k|To]If c;/x\ofdaL Go'lgs/0f Do'Gof lx;fjc\o To Do'GKof Uof] Kofs]h cGt{ut -clwu|x0f Do'GKof

dgf 7]SsfaL sDkgLaL :yflgoaL /f]huf/LaL k|fyldstf -ª_ :yflgo ghtf dgf SofdDo'KofXofDof]

a|aL :jf:Yo ;DjlGw hgr]tgf sfo{qmd -r_ t'ªlsds' dgf ;/;kmfOof] sfo{qmdx\ofdof] lgdf0f{

dgf dd{t SodaL :yflgo ;d'bfoaL ;xfotf dgf -h_ 8fOeh{g afFwsf] pt'; bVjfO{ 5'SKof s'k|jfx

nufot bfx;+:sf/ dgf wfld{s :yfgkf] bf}/fg s'kf] pRr jxfjof] pt'/ k/]O5'SKof c;/x\ofd

Go'lgs/0f

cfbLjf;L hghftL dgf ljkGg ;d'bfo ljsf; of]hgf -IVCDP)

Tof sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;'Sa' ;dxaL klxrfg dgf ;dfj]z Uof]g' Dofx\ofd cfbLjf;L hghftL blnt

dgf d]N;]d g]t[Tjkf] kl/jf/ IVCDP aL g]kfn ;/sf/kf] ;fGble{s gLltx\ofd\ ILO ;Dd]ng !&(

UNDRIP dgf ljZj a}+skf] cflbjf;L hghftLkf] ;DjlGw sfo{;+rfngof] lgltx\fd dgf IFC of]


37

Sod;Dkfbgkf] dfkb08 Xofdkf] tfnd]n Do'Gof ljsf; Do'GKof uf]Kof . Tof ;d'xX\ofdc\of ;fdflhs

Sofd of]hgfaL pNn]lvt nfe x\ofd k|fKt Dofg' IVCDP lj ljlzi6 ?kjL tof/ Do'GKof pkfox\ofd

h:t} -s_ cfbLjf;L hghftL kl/jf/aL nIfLt Do';fcf /f]huf/L dgf lhjLsf]kfh{g ;zlQms/0f -v_

:jf:Yo ;/;kmfO lnÍdgf jªfd hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk ;'wf/ ultljlw -u_ dfemL ;d'bfokf] a;f]af;

Uof]Kof jofx\ofdaL yk k'jf{wf/ ljsf; dgf -3_ d]N;]d nlIft sfo{qmd Xofd ;dfj]z Do'GKof Uof]g'

. pQm clGtd a'bfaL d]N;]d ;zlQms/0f n3' shf{ u|fld0f a}lsª dgf art ;fgf dgf cfo

cfh{gd'ns Joj;fo ;fdflhs kl/rfng dgf Ifdtf ljsf; x]ªldd\ sfo{qmdx\ofd 5'g' .

nfe afF8kmfF8 of]hgf

cfof]hgf If]q TofDofaLd :yfgLo ;d'bfosf]nf] k/fdz{ Do'tf] ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLtf dgf

;xsfo{kf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGt dDtf] sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8 k|:tfljt cfof]hgfnfe jf“8kmf8of] ;+oGq

lgdf0f{ Do'Gof ;xdt 5'SKof Uof] . cfof]hgf lgdf0f{kf] r/0fjL cfof]hgfc\of gof “ ;'rfl/Pof] :jf:Yo

;'ljwf t'ªlsd\s' of]hgf Joj;flos ;Lkd'ns tflnd z}lIfs ;'ljwfaL j[l4 cfof]hgf TofDof s[lif

sfo{qmdaL lj:tf/ x]ªldd\ :yfgLo k'jf{wf/ ljsf;kf] Sofd x\ofdaL nufgL Dofg' IDA cfly{s

;xfotfaL ;+rflnt sfj]nL k|zf/0f cfof]hgf cGtut{ cfof]hgf k|efljt b]nx\ofd dgf sfj]nL

sl/8f]/aL ljB't ;]jf lj:tf/ Dof, cfof]hgf k"0f{ ?kaL ;+rfng 5\o'vldd\ ofy sfj]nL OghL{

lnlc6]8cof r'Qmf Dofldd\ /fh:jaL :yflkt k|lqmof cg'?k uf|ld0f ljB'lts/0fof] a|aL cfly{s

;|f]tof] ?kjL k|of]u Do'Gof ‰ofk .

sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf sfof{Gjog Uof]ldd d'Uof]ldd lgoldt ?kaL

lgl/If0f Dof t'hgf :jtGq lgl/Ifsc\of sfof{Gjogkf] kIf ;]O;fcf cw{jflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg tof/

Dofg' . ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfaL lgl/If0fkf] lgLZrt ultljlwx\ofd dgf lgl/If0fkf] 9fFrf x\ofd

lj:t[t ?kaL pNn]v Do'gKof Uof]g' cfof]hgfof] nfuL :jLs[t t]>f] kIfLo lgl/If0 ;+oGq zf;lso

dgf hjfkmb]lxtf Sofd of]hgfaL ;+nUg Do'GKof Uof] sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8ns RRCLAP dgf

ICVDP of] a|aL kIfLo ?h' dgf sfof{Gjog ;+rfng Do'GofdOKof Uof] .


38

cWofo –&

b'|t PsLs[t k|efj d'Nofª\sg dgf Joj:yfkg

sfj]nL tdf]/ hnfwf/ If]qjL Ohfht kq k|fKt Do'Gofdgf lgdf0f{kf] r/0fjL Uof]Kof Do';fcf s'n @$

j6f s'ljB't cfof]hgfx\ofd Uof]g' . sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgf, sfj]nL bLaL tªª df]cf] sfj]nL

tdf]/ hnfwf/ If]qaL lgdf0f{ 5'GofNjfDKof klxnf] s'ljB't kl/of]hgf :of] -lrq E==@ _

Tof cWofoaL sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfc\of eljioaL 5'SKof ljBdfg, nlIft dgf cg'dfg Do'Gof

em\ofKof ljsf;d'ns c;/x\ofd dgf Dofof] a|aL sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8of] k|of;Xofdkf] a|aL JofVof

Do'GKof Uof] .

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nofªsgkf] cÍkf] ?kaL sDkgLns b'|t PsLs[t k|efj d'Nofªsg ;Dkfbg

Do'GTofl; . ;g @)!! aL sfj]nL bLof] dfq k|f/lDes b'|t PsLs[t k|efj d'Nofªsg aL cfwf/ dfg]O

Do';fcf ef}uf]lns bfo/f j[l4 Do';fcf Vof]n] tdf]/ sfj]nL hnfwf/kf] d'Nofªsg Do'GKof Uof] .

pQm RCIA :yfgLo lj1 ;/sf/L clwsf/L cGtu{t /fli6«o ;dli6ut k|efj d'Nof0sgkf] cg'elj lj1

g]kfnaL :jR5 kof{j/0f If]qaL jiff}{ Sofd Do'S:of]Kof :jtGq cGt/fli6«o lj1, s'kf] u'0f:t/hf“rkf]

a|aL tYofªs ;+sng dgf Jofks cWoog cg';Gwfg ofy tof/ Do'GKof Uof] .

;Defljt PsLs[t k|efjx\ofdof] klxrfg Do'gKof ofy sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgf lgDg lnlvt

k|ltj4tf hfx]/ Do'GKof Uof] .

• jftfj/0fLo cfof]hgfcof Do'Kof pNn]vlgo PsLs[t k|efjx\ofdaL plrt tj/cof

Joj:yfkg Do'Gof k|of]u Do'Gof ;'lglZrtf

• ljZj a}s ;d'x, g]kfn ;/sf/ dgf jªfd ;DjlGw kIf x\ofdsf]nf] ;xsfo{ Do';fcfzf;sLo

;+oGq of] :j?k tof/ Do'Gof dgf ;f] :j?kaL jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs k|efjof] plrt

ljsf; sfof{Gjog dgf lgl/If0f of] k|of]u Do'Gof .

Tof p2]Zoof] a|aL IBRD-DA c\of phf{ dGqfnoaL @) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/of] k|fljlws

;xfotf k|bfg Do'TofdUof] . Tofcof g]kfn ;/sf/of] tdf]/ hnfwf/aL 5'SKof PsLs[t k|efj dgf

hf]lvd Go'lgs/0f Do'Gof cfjZos yk cWoog Do'Gof ;Ifd Do'Tofd Uof]


39

Table e.5: DOED of] a|aL IDA k|fljws ;xfotfkf] tTjXofd\

qm=;+= tTj ah]6-cd]l/sL 8n/_

!= PDA kf] lgodkf] kl/lwuf]aL d';fcf sfj]nL P s'ljB't

cfof]hgf lgl/If0f Do'Gof oftfoft eQf

#,)),))).–

@ s'ljB'tkf] If]qaL ;/sf/L lgsfo dgf ljLQo ;:yfx\ofdaL

Ifdtf ljsf;

@,)),))).–

# ;fdflhs kIfx\ofdaL Ifdtf ljsf; k'gjf{; lgb]{lzsf

sfof{Gjog ;fd'bflos afF8kmfF8 ;+oGq, lg/LIf0f dgf d'Nofªg

ljsf; cg'udgstf{, cfof]hgf lgdf{tfdgf k/fdz{bftfx\ofdkf]

n3' dgf bL3{sflng tflnd ns Ifdtf j[l4

%,)),))).–

$ lbuf] s'ljB't ljsf;kf] a|aL PsLs[t bL Joj:yfkg ljifoaL

sfo{zfnf, sfj]nL tdf]/ Joj:yfkg Do'Gof cltl/Qm cWoog

cfof]hgfof] sf]if

%= sfj]nL tdf]/ bL ;dli6ut ^,)),)))

^ jftfj/0fLo kIfof] Ifdtf j[l4, s'ljB't ljBdfg lgb]{lzsfx\ofdkf] ;dLIff

• Go'Gtd kof{j/0fLo s'k|jfxhnfwf/ Jo:yfkg, lyu|f] Joj:yfkg cfbLaL yk lgb]{lzsf, cg'udg stf{, cfof]hgf lgdf{tf dgf

• k/fdz{ bftfx\ofdaL n3' dgf bL3{sfnLg tflnd ns Ifdtf j[l4

$,)),))).–

b'|t PsLs[t c;/ d'Nofªsgcof leGgleGg ;'s k|:tfljt ljsf; kl/b[iox\ofdaL v8f 5'SKof

ck]lIft rf;f] x\ofdaL ;Djf]wg Dof . TofqmdaL PsLs[t c;/x\ofdaL hf]8 ljGKof dgf dxTjk"0f{

jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs cËx\ofd (VECS) 7fg]O Do'GKof tTx\ofdaL cleAolQm rf;f]sf] ;Djf]wg

Dof .

sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8ns ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf x\ofdsf]nf] ldn]O{ 5'S;fcf uxg dgf Jofks

k/fdz{ ;+rfng d'GKofUof] dgf cfof]hgfns Vof]n]s pNn]vgLo ?kjL k|efljt 5'SKof dgf PsLs[t


40

c;/x\ofdns ;j]bzLn c;/ 5"SKof dxTjk'0f{ jftfj/0fL{o dgf ;fdflhs cÍx\ofd d'nt ef}lts

h}ljs dgf ;fdflhs cfly{s dgf ;f:s[lts jftfj/0f Do';fcf;'s sf{aL jufL[s/0f Do'GTofl; .

:yflgo jf;Lx\ofdof] ;'emfjaL dgg do'lsnf] tdf]/ sfj]nL tfSr'aL dT:o hg;+Vof Vof]n]Scf

dxTjk'0f{ jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs cÍof] ?kaL Tof]:Tof . jªfd dxTjk'0f{ ;/f]sf/kf] ?kaL sfj]nL

bLof] :yf]GTof;L . Tof If]qkf] :yflgo ;d'bfokf] a|aL sfj]nL bL Vof]n]scf kljq bLof] ?kjL Uof]Kof

Yof]GTof;L .Tof cy{aL sfj]nL bLjL s'of] u'0f:t/ dgf kl/df0fcof :yflgo jfl;Gbfkf] ;fdflhs

;fF:s[lts ?kaL dxTjk'0f{ Uof]Kof Yof]GTofG;L .

k/fdz{of] k|lqmofkf] kl/df0f :j?k dgf cGt/fli6«o dgf :yflgo lj1x\ofdkf] ;'emfjkf] cfwf/aL

sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8cof b'|t PsLs[t k|efj d'Nofª\sgkf] r'g]O Do'GKof Eof]d dxTjk'0f{ jftfj/0fLo

dgf ;fdflhs cÍXofdaL nlIft Do'Tofd Uof] . ;/f]sf/jfnf x\ofdkf] ljrf/aL ax';+Vos s'ljB't

cfof]hgfx\ofdkf] pt';c\of sfj]nL – tdf]/ tfSr'aL 5'Skof pNn]vgLo k|efjx\ofd lgDgf;f/ Uof]g' .

!= ef}lts jftfj/0f

• ;tx dgf s'kf] u'0f:t/ dgf dfqf

• e' :vng IfoLs/0f dgf lyu|f]

@= h}ljs jftfj/0f

• :yfoL dgf a;fO{ ;/fO{ Do'Kof dT:o hg;Vof

#= ;fdflhs –cfly{s dgf ;f:s[lts jftfj/0f

• cfWoflTds dgf wfld{s cWof;x\ofd\

• cv08 e'– jgf]6



Table E.6 dxTjk"0f{ jftfj/0fLo dgf ;fdflhs tTjx\ofdkf] 5gf}6

u'0f dxTjk"0f{ jftfj/0fLo dgf

;fdflhs tTj CVEC

Joj:yfkg /0flgltof] a|aL dxTjk'0f{

u'0fx\ofd

ef}lts jftfj/0f ;txof] s'kf] u'0f:t/ dgf

kl/df0f

kof{j/0f dgf jftfj/0fLo ;]jfM

bL3{sflng tfkqmd 3'lnt clS;hg,

s'n t}/]O 5'SKof 7f];, ;"Id

hLj lj1fg dgf k|fs[lts ljlw

lglZrt ;Ldf uf]lj d'GofdTo'

3/fo;L s[lif dgf cGo k|of]hgof]

a|aL Vof]n] kof{Kt dfqf dgf pRr

u'0f:t/of] s' pknJw 5' .

e'–:vng\ e'–Ifo dgf lyu]|O

5'SKof

IfoLs/0f lgoGq0f hnfwf/ If]qkf]

lyu|f] sfod Tof]Gof IfdtfaL x|f;

x\of]Gof dljGof em\ofKkof ;f]emf]

Eof]n a9]ODo'Gof

h}ljs jftfj/0f :yfoL ?kaL j;f]jf; Do'Gof

dGo a;fO;/fO{ DoKof ª\ofof]

;+Vof

bLIf]q TofDof s'Nofd ;Dks{ ªof]kf]

bLkf] t'syf dgf o'sy 5'SSKof

dGo'Kof . pko'Qm jf;:yfgkf]

pknJwtf k|hgg dgf cfxf/fkf]

Joj:yf Do';fcf ªof]kf] ljleGg

k|hftLkf] ;+/If0f Do'Gof

;fdflhs cfly{s

wfld{s dgf ;fF:s[lts

jftfj/0f

bL lsgf/fkf] s'k|jfx ljBdfg

;f:s[lts wfld{s k|rnx\ofdaL

vnn dx\jfg KofGof s'kf] kof{Kt

kl/df0f{ u'0f:t/ hn:t/ dgf tLj|tf

sfod 5'GofdTo'


43

e'–jgf]6 hldgkf] v08Ls/0f Do';fcf ;8s

lgdf0f{ dgf k|;f/0f nfOg :yfkgf

Do'Gof SofdaL ;s];Dd Go'lgs/0f

Do'GofdTo'

Tof Eof]d cÍx\ofdaL ;Defljt PsLs[t k|df0fx\ofd lgDg lnlvt Uof]g' M

s'kf] u'0f:t/ dgf kl/df0f aL s6f}tL M

ax';+Vos s'ljB't kl/dfh{gfx\ofd t'v]k ;+rfng 5'Skof kl/k]IfaL bLof] k|fs[lts aftof] kl/j{tg

5'SKof sftof] ;lhn} cg'dfg j]Gof ‰ofk dfªs]vL ljgf cj/f]w ju]O 5'SKof bL k|0ffnL dfgj lgld{t

;+/rgf dgf ;+oGq k|of]u 5'S;fcf lgolGqt ?kjL ;+rflnt 5' . Tofsf]nf] s'kf] u'0f:t/kf] k|efljt

5'Gof ;Defjgf dTo' s'kf] dfqf 36]O 5'SKof bLof] v08 XofdaL s'kf] tfkqmd pRr 5'SKof s'aL

w'ng Uof]Kof clS;hg 36]O 5'SKof ;'Id h}ljs dgf jªfd k|b'if0fkf] tTjx\ofd s'aL 5'SKof 7f];

j:t' x\ofd £jfNKof dfqfaL ;+slnt 5'SKof ;Defjgf k|jn obL Tofkm]d :yfg xofdns k|of]u 5'vf]

t's plNnlvt ;d:of cem ljs/fn 5'g VjfO{ .

Tof s'ljB't cfof]hgfx\ofdkf] pt';cof bLof] Vofn] s'k|efljt d5'Gof Uof]vf]of] s'of] jfF8kmfF8 dgf

jfF8kmfF8 cjlw lglZrt tªª\ 5'lddcof s'k|jfx kl/jt{g 5'g' . ;'Vof Do'OofxdaL s'kf] dfqf 36]O

5'Gofkf] pt';Xofd k|fs[lts axfjkf] sl/j bz k|ltzt s t'ªgf;;cof pknJw 5' . csf]{n s'kf]

dfqf pRr 5'SKof yf]rLjL bLkf] t's nfd Vjfkx\ofdjL s'kf] dfqfjL ptf/fr9fj x\of] . y]nf] bLkf]

k|fs[lts hn:t/scf clwstd ?kjL pRr 5'Gof RofAo" . Tof yf]lrjL bLkf] s':t/jL 5'SKof ptf/

r9fjc\of bLkf] o'syfd Vjfky t'ªnf;kf] kof{j/0fLo s'k|jfx sfod Do'Gof k|of;jL uDeL/ wSsf

x\of]Kof dgf ;'Vvf ofdjL lbkf] jftfj/0fLo tgfj pTkGg d;To' . s'k|jfxjL 5'SKoft]km]d b}lgs

ptf/r9fjc\of bLjL l;+rfO{ dgf dgf]/~hg kf] a|jL k|of]u Do'Gof ;Defjgf 5' . s'kf] dfqf k|fljlws

?kjL ;dfg Uof]vf]of] cfjZostf 5'nf] s'pknAw d5'Gofof] RofAo" .

e"–:vng IfoLs/0f dgf lyu|f]

e"–:vng dgf lyu|f]kf] cfjfudg lxdfnL If]q Xofdkf] k|d'v ultljlw Uof]g' DofjL dfgj hfltkf]

pTklQ ;DalGw cwooggXofdc\of k|efj Dofldg dTo' ax';+Vos s'ljB't cfof]hgf dgf Ejf/Kof


44

dfgj ultljlwXofd -y'Gofd km8fFgL hyfefjL kmf]x/d}nf lj;{hg ;8s lgdf{0fkf] qmdjL pTkGg

kmf]xf]/ d}nf bLjL lj;h{g_ kf] ;+o'Qm k|efjkf] ?kjL y'Gofd If]qaL x|f; Xof] hldg pkof]ukf] b/aL

j[l4 5' dgf . ;du| IfoL s/0f aL j[l4 5'Gof ;Defjgf Uof] . cGttM y'Gofd If]qjL Xof]Kof

bVjfO{sf]nf] Kof]s VofGof Ifdtf 36]O{ 5'SKof ;xtxkf] lyu|f] lvOg] qmd ltj| 5'dgf e"–:vngkf]

hf]lvd Ejf/Gof l:ylt k}bf 5' .

ljljw s'ljB't cfof]hgfXofdkf] ;+rng lgDt]O{ Do'Kof s'k|jfx kl/jt{gc\of sjfkf] hLjg k|0ffnL

s'kf] k|efjc\of hd]O{ 5'SKof lyu|f] dgf s'kf] km}nfj6jL uDeL/ k|efj Dof . Tofsf]nf] afn'jf, uf]u/

r§fg x]ªldd\ lbkf] dxTjk"0f{ tTjXofd dgf 6'qmf6fqmL XofdjL of] k|lts"n k|efj Dof . Tof yf]lrjLª

Go"lgs/0f Do'Do'lsd v08jL sdhf]/ hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg y'Gofd km8fgL Ejf/Kof IfoLs/0fc\of Tof

If]qkf] kof{j/0fLo dgf e'–h}ljs cv08tfjL tªª df]cf] s'ljB't cfof]hgfkf] k|fljlws dgf cfly{s

lbuf]kgfjLª uDeL/ wSsf Xof]Kof .

s' af;:yfgaL x|f; dgf v08Ls/0f

t'ª lb k|0ffnLaL v08 v08aL ;+rfng 5'SKof s'ljB't cof]hgf Xofdc\of Dof If]qkf] s' af;:yfgjL

vl08t Do'Kof ck]Iff Do'GKof Uof] . afFw, tf/af/, s'kf] Go"g:t/ cflbc\of Dofnf] ª\ofkf] t'syfd dgf .

o'syfdkf] a;fO{ ;/fO{ dgf s'kf] k|jfxjL vl08t dgf x:tIf]k Dof .

k|fs[lts s'k|jfxjL Xof]Kof cj/f]w dgf bLkf] s]xL v08XofdjL s'kf] axfjjL Xof]Kof sdLc\of :yfoL

?kjL a;f]af; Do'Kof dgf a;fO{ ;/fO{ Do'Kof ª\ofkf] a|jL pko'Qm cfxf/ k|hgg dgf af;:yfgkf]

u'0f:t/ dgf kl/df0fkf] sdL Xofb\o' .

af;:yfgjL 5'SKof v08Ls/0fc\of Vof]n]scf £jfNKof c;/ kof{j/0fLo s'NofdjL 5' . t]y]km

s'NofdXofd aGb 5'Gof c\ofOlsd hgr/ Xofdkf] k|hfltjL yf]lsd ljljwtf gi6 5'Gof, px]dof] t'a

k|hftLkf] babaf ;dfKt 5'Gof dgf . a;fO{;/fO{ Do'Gof ª\of]Xofdc\of cf]gtfkf] hLjgrqm k"/f Do'Gof

cj;/ns alGrt x'Gof :of] . d'Votof ;'Vvf ofdjL TofbL k|0ffnLkf] t'snfd dgf o'snfd Vjfklar

5'Gof ;DaGw ljR5]b 5'GofXof]Kof . bLaL lgdf{0f Do'Gof afwc\of bLkf] o'snfe Vjfk y dgf t'syfd

Vjfk ns k|hgg dgf cfxf/fkf] vf]hLkf] a|jL 5'SKof a;fO{ ;/fO{jL of] afwf Xof]Kof . cfof]hgf

lgdf{0f 5'GofNofn pRrf] x's]{ODo'Gof k|of]u Do'GKof :yfg dgf dT:o hg;+VofjL lu/fj6sf]nf] s]xL

k|hftLkf] ª\of] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f kZrft hnfwf/ If]qns nf]k 5'Gof . cjZoDefjL Uof] . Tof]kf] k|d'v


45

sf/0f c\oflsd bL k|0ffnLkf] o'snfd v08XofdaL d'Kof ª\of]kf] t'a £jfnof lx:;f bL k|0ffnLkf]

t'syfd VjfkjL a;f]af; Do'Gof ªof]kf] e'/fXofdjL cfxf/fkf] a|jL lge{/ Uof]Kof t'a k|j[lQ of] xf] .

wfld{s aof dgf k/Dk/fjL k|lts"n k|efj

bLkf] s]xL v08x\oofdjL s'kf] sdLdgf ;du| lbjLªs'kf] axfjaL Xof]Kof kl/jt{gc\of Tofkm]d

s'ljBt cfof]hgf ;+rfng 5'SKof tdf]/ dgf sfj]nL tfSr'XofdjL kof{Kt s'kf] dfqf dgf u'0f:t/

d]5'nf] wfld{s sfo{qmdXofd\ k|efljt 5'SKof TjfO{ lqmofsd{ Do"lsd aof TofDof kof{Kt z'4 s'kf]

cfjZostf 5'nf]tª\ª :yfgLoc\of tfkf] k/Dk/f cg';f/ tfkf] cfkmGt hgkf] bfx;+:sf/ Do'Gof ‰ofk

. Tofkf] lglDt slDtjL of] 5ftL;f]Dkf] 8'a]ODo'Gof wDKof tª\ª :jR5 s' bLjL 5'GofdTo' .

e"–agf]6 kl/jt{g

ljleGg s'ljB't cfof]hgf dgf cfof]hgfkf] a|jL lgdf{0f Do'GKof ;xfos of]hgfXofd x]ªldd\ Nofd,

k|zf/0f nfOg dgf aªfd Vof]n] ljsf;kf] k|lqmofc\of ljBdfg e"–agf]6jL kl/jt{g Xof]Kof ;Defjgf

Uof] . g]kfnkf] ko{6gjL cfwfl/t cy{tGqkf] a|jL Tof gsf/fTds 5'GofRofAo' . of]hgf DofDy' dgf

ljleGg ;8s Nofd, ljB't k|zf/0f dgf ljt/0f nfOg cflbc\of Xof]Kof e"–agf]6kf] v08Ls/0fc\of

g]kfnkf] dgf]/d k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfjL ljs[t Dof dgf ko{6g pBf]ujL w/f;foL Dof .

;DefJo ;dli6ut k|efj Go"lgs/0fM

tdf]/–sfj]nL tfSr'kf]Nofn s'ljB't cfof]hgf 5'lddc\of sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfjL Go"lgs/0fkf]

pko'Qm pkfox\ofdkf] 9fFrf lgdf{0f dgf sfo{Gjog dgf jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfkf] ;Defljt

PsLs[t k|efjXofdkf] lg/Gt/ Joj:yfkgfkf] ;Gbe{jL t'j cEof; :yflkt Do'Gof cj;/ Uof] .

tfSr' :t/jL PsLs[t k|efj bVjfO{ Do'Gof sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfc\of jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg

of]hgfkf] lgDgfg';f/ pkfXofd cjnDag Dof .

• lbkf] t'syfd dgf o'syfdkf] ª\of]kf] a;fO{;/fO{ k|efljt d'5'lgof c\ofGGofkf] aftjL ª\of]kf]

a|jL v'b'kf] :j?k lgwf{/0f dgf lgdf{0f .

• ;ndIf]q TofDof ulx/f] kf]v/L lgdf{0fkf] a|jL 5]safFwkf] :j?k lgwf{/0f dgf lgdf{0f . Tofkf]

cltl/Qm pg]ªkf] cj;/jL bLkf] lsgf/jL a;f]af; Do'Gof ;d'bfokf] /bdxf]bd k'/f Do'Gof dgf

;/;kmfO{ sfod Do'Gof cfjZos s'kf] Joj:yf Do'Gof afFwkf] pwfns s'kf] axfj j[l4Dof .

• ª\of] VofGof hf]lvd bVjfO{ Do'Gof dT:o 8fOe;{gkf] :j?k lgwf{/0f dgf lgdf{0f .


46

• lbkf] o'snfe Vjfoy s'kf] k|fs[lts jxfj ;"rf? Dof

-s_ bLkf] kof{j/0fLo s'Nofd v'Nnf Tof -v_ ª\of]kf] nlIft k|hftLXofdkf] e"/fXofdkf]

lhljsf]kfh{g ;'lglZrttf sfod Dof . -u_ :yfgLo ;d'bfokf] k/Dk/fut bfx;+:sf/,

lqmofsd{ dgf jªfd wfld{s lqmofsnfkXofd ;+rfng Do'Gof d2t Xof]Kof .

• cfof]hgfkf] lgdf{0f dgf ;+rfngkf] r/0fXofdjL k|:tfljt Go"g s':t/c\of sjf lsgf/fjL

a;f]af; Do'Gof ;d'bfo dgf] d'Vo ª\of]kf] k|hfltXofdkf] a;fO{;/fO{jL yk]O{ 5'SKof r'gf}tLkf]

a|jL pGgt:t/kf]1fg k|bfg Do'Gof t'j ;zQm lg/LIf0f sfo{qmdkf] ljsf; dgf sfof{Gjjog

lgl/If0f sfo{qmdsf] k|efj:j?k sjkf] ldyfd efu tkm{kf] s'kf] k|fs[lts axfa b'?:t Tof]Gof

cg's/0fLo Jjj:yfkg Tokf] cltl/Qm hldgaL k/]O 5'SKof c;/kf] nflu sfa]nL P hnljB't

cfof]hgfc\of nfu" Do'Kof pkfox\ofd M

-s_ s' ;+sng 5'SKof aoaL e"–Ifo bVjfO{ Do"Gof dg sfa]nL sjaL Kof]v\ ;+/If0f sjaL lyu|]O

5'SKof ef/ bVjfO{ Do'Gof h}ljs dg ef}lts pkfox\ofd ns sf6f] ;+/If0f saaL u]u|fkf] ljt/0f

dg lyu|]O 5'SKof ;+sng tTsfnaL glhsns lgl/If0f .

-v_ s' ;+sng 5'SKof If]qaL Kof]v\kf] s' ;+sng Do'Sb] IfdtfaL ;'wf/ Do'tf] kof{j/0f ;+/If0fkf] nflu

hgr]tgf clea[l4 sfo{qmd

-u_ jftfj/0f ljgfz 5'SKof If]qaL ag:ktLof]ª ;+/If0f Do'Gof a[If/f]k0f dg afof]OlGhlgol/Ë

;+rfng

-3_ s'ljB't gLlt @)%( cg';f/ cfof]hgf k|efljt uf=lj=;=x\ofdaL OGwgkf] nflu ;ªkf] lge{/tf

bVjfO{ Do'Gof u|fld0f ljB'tLs/0f of]Ë k|a4{g .

sfa]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfc\of Tof Go'gLs/0fkf] pkfox\ofdkf] cfjZos ljsf; dg sfo{GjogaL

nufgL Do'lsd kZrft Tof] If]qaL ;+rflnt jf]ªfd cfof]hgfx\ofdcof of]ª Dof k|a[ltof]Ë ck]Iff

Do'GKof Uof] . t/ sfa]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgf sf t'snfd jf o'snfd efuaL ;+rfng 5'SKof efjL

cfof]hgfx\ofdcof of]ª Tofkm]d pkfox\ofd canDag d'Dg'd v08aL sfa]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgfkf]

t'j k|of;cof tª\ tdf]/ sakf] hnfrf/kf] kof{j/0fLo dg ;fdflhs cfly{s cv08tf cIf'00f Tof]Gof

kof{Kt d'5' .


47

sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8cof g]kfn ;/sf/ dg jªfd lgdf{0f kIfx\ofd of]Ë aªKof cEof;f ;'rf?

Tof]Gofkf] lglDt ldof]kf] e"ldsf r]lD; . Dosf/0f M

-!_ Vof]n]ª s'ljB't cfof]hgfx\ofdc\of ;'VvfofdaL kof{a/0fLo dg ;fdflhs ckl/xfo{tf sfod

Tof]Gof kof{Kt dfuaL sjaL s'kf] jxfj ;'rf? Tof]GofdTTo' .

-@_ kof{j/0fLo dfu{ v'nf Tof]Gof Vof]n]ª cfof]hgfx\ofdc\of tfkf] 9fFrfaL ª\of]kf] nflu e¥ofª dg

ª\of] y'g]O 5'SKof hf]lvd bVjfO{ Do'Gof pkfox\ofd ;dfj]; Do'GofdTTo" .

-#_ 3fl6kf] Vof]n]ª lgdf{0fstf{x\ofdcof :yfoL a;f]af; DofDb] ª\of]kf] k|hgg s]Gb|kf] ;+/If0faL plrt

Wofg VjfGgof dTTo' dg aflif{s ?kaL ª\of]kf] Jojl:yt u0fgf clen]vLs/0f dg ;+/If0f Do'GofTTo' .

-$_ tdf]/–sfa]nL 3fF6Lkf] Vof]n]Ë lgdf{0fstf{ x\ofdc\of Dof If]qkf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;kf] nflu ;+ul7t

5''S;f k|of; Do'GofdTTo' . Tokf] nflu t'j ;+o'Qm s' ;+sng dg z'l4s/0f of]hgf ljsf; Do'Gof

RoflKs . Tof of]hgfc\of IfoLs/0f lgoGq0f k|ljlw y]DjL k|sfz Dof . Tons k|fKt 5'SKof ;"rgfcof

IfoLs/0fkf] rl/qkf] 1fg ljGokf] ;fy{ ;d:ofkf] ;'/IffTds lgoGq0f dg lgd'{n Do'Gof pkfo

cjnDag Do'Gof ˆNof] . lgdf{0f kIfcof ;Defljt k|lts'n jftfj/0fLo c;/ bVjfO{ Do'Gof dg 6fg{

u|fld0f ;8s dg u|fld0f ljB'tLs/0fkf] plrt lgdf{0f Do'GofdTTo' .

-%_ kFx'rdfu{ dg k|;f/0f nfOg 3f]n] Uof]nf] cgfjZos ?kaL hldg clwu|x0f Do"Gof yk jf;:yfg

dg e"–agf]6kf] v08Ls/0f 5'SKof, Vof]n] lgdf{0f kIfx\ofdc\of k"jf{wf/ kmfGof dTTo'" .

-^_ ;+o'Qm ;+rfng tyf dd{t ;Ddf/ ;DaGwL ultljlwx\ofd -tt\ ;DaGwL lgodfjnL tyf lgb]{lzsf_

sjkf] t'snfe efu tkm{kf] k|fs[lts hnk|jfx dg ce"tk"j{ hnk|afxsf] ;+ul7t Joj:yf,

cfktsflng ;'/If Joj:yf dg k|ltlqmofkf] Joj:yf cfof]hgfkf] k|efjsfl/tf dg dd{t vr{

s6f}tLkf] ;jfnaL dxTjk"0f{ Uof] . E.5 aL pNn]v Uof]Kof cg';f/ ?kaL IDA cof ljB't ljefu of]Ë

lgDg lnlvt Ifdtf ljsf; ultljlw ;+rfng Do'Gof @) -aL;_ nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ kmfGKof Uof] .

-!_ g]kfnaL s'ljB't ljsf;kf] nflu Plss[t sj 3fF6L Joj:yf ljifos cGt/fli6«o sfo{zfnf M

ljZj j}+s ;d"xcof ljB't ljefu tyf ljsf;kf] jf]ªfd ;fem]bf/x\ofdsf]nf] ldn]O 5'S;f

g]kfnaL lbuf] s'ljB't cfof]hgf ljsf; lzif{saL cGt/fli6«o sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf Do'Gof ;xfos

k'/]ODof . pQm k|:tfljt sfo{zfnf cGt/fli6«o cg'ejx\ofd ;f6f;f6 Do'Gof lbuf] s'ljB't ljsf;kf]

ljifoaL cWoog Do'Gof dg d'Vof ;/f]sf/sfnfx\ofd of]Ë g]kfnaL lbuf] s'ljB't ljsf;of] k|a4{g


48

Do'Gof cfjZos 5'SKof k|fljlws ;xfotfkf] af/]aL 5nkmn Do'Gof e]nf Do'Gof tkm{ nlIft Uof] . Tof

sfof{zfnfaL 5nkmn 5'SKof ljz]if lzif{sx[ofdaL ;dli6ut k|efj d"Nofªsg ljlw dg hnfwf/

:t/aL s'ljB't ljsf;aL Dof ljlwx\ofdkf] k|of]u bVjfO{ kof{a/0fLo s'k|jfx Tof]Gof, kof{a/0fLo

Ifltk'lt{, lgdf{0f dg ;+rfngkf] nflu jftfj/0fLo of]hgfsf]nf] k/fdz{ tyf ;d'bfokf] ;xeflutf

k'g{af; tyf e"ld clwu|x0fkf] kIfx\ofd, k|efljt cflbjf;L hghfltkf] :jLs[lt dg nfe jfF8kmfF8kf]

aªKof cEof;x\ofd .

nlIft ;d"x M gLlt lgdf{tf, cg'udgstf{x\ofd, gful/s ;dfh, cfof]hgf ljsf;stf{x\ofd, lghLIf]q,

g]kfnaL s'ljB't ljsf;sf]nf] ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfox\ofd k|fljlws tyf k/fdz{bftfXofdM

-!_ sfa]nL tdf]/ hnfwf/sf] ;dli6ut k|efj Joj:yfkg Do'Gof cltl/Qm 3f6LJofkL cWoog

To Sofdcof ljB't ljefukf] nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o k/fdz{bftfx\ofdkf] pQd cfwf/ /]lvo

tYofªs k|fKt Do'Kof p2]ZoaL ;xefuL Do'sL, tdf]/–sfa]nL hnfwf/kf] ljifout gS;fªsg Do"Gof

sfa]nL–tdf]/ hnfwf/aL 5'SKof ;dli6ut k|efj Joj:yfkg Do"Gof cfjZos Vof]n]ª ;fGble{s

tYofÍ ;+sng Do';f g]kfn ;/sf/of]ª ljGof x]ªdLd ;|f]t;fwg x\ofdkf] k|aGw ldn]O{Dof .

Ifdtf ljsf;

To Sofdc\of lgodg lgsfo, k/fdz{bftf, lghL 7]s]bf/x\ofdkf] lgdf{0f OlGhlgo/x\ofd, k|f1 cflbkf]

nflu jftf/a/0fLo Ifdtf ljsf;kf] ;fSk' d'Vo kIfx\ofdof]ª WofgaL Tof .

-s_ ;dli6ut k|efj Go"gtd kof{j/0fLo jxfj, hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg, lyu|f] Joj:yfkg OTofbL

x]ªdLd ljz]if ljifox\ofdaL tof/L Do'Kof tyf lgb]{lzsf hf/L Do'Gof .

-v_ g]kfnaL lbuf] s'ljB't ljsf;kf] nflu n3' sflng dg bL3{sflng ljlzi6 tflnd Sofdx\ofd .

Tj cfof]hgfc\of ljB't ljefuof]ª t' pNn]lvt ljlzi6 lgb]{lzsf tof/ Do"Gof cfjZos /fli6«o

cGt/fli6«o lj1x\ofd lgo'QmL Do'Gof ;|f]t ;fwg pknAw Dof .

ljB't ljefuc\of k|ltli7t /fli6«o ;+:yfx\ofd x]ª OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfg, sf7df08f}

ljZj ljBfno, Go" P/f, ljg/s OG6/g]zgn g]kfn, lxdfnog l/;f];]{; cflbof]Í lgo'Qm Do'';f

g]kfnaL s'ljB't ljsf;sf]nf] ;DalGwt 3f]n] ;/f]sf/jfnx\ofd -gLlt lgdf{tf, cg'udgstf{,

gful/s ;dfh, cfof]hgfkf] 7]s]bf/x\ofd lghL If]q ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfox\ofd, k|f1 dg

k/fdz{bftfx\ofd_ kf] nflu lgoldt tflndkf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng Do"Gof RoflKs M


49

Tof jfx]s, ljB't ljefuc\of ;fdflhs kIf Joj:yfkgkf] nflu lgDg lnlvt ;fSk'

sfo{qmdx\ofd nfu" Do'Gof ;fxfotf k|fKt 5' .

-s_ k'g{jf;, ;fd'bflos nfe jfF8kmfF8kf] ;+oGq, lgl/If0f dg d"Nofªsg cflbkf] sfof{Gjogkf]

nflu lgb]{lzsf lgdf{0f .

-v_ n3'sflng dg bL3{sflng tflnd k|bfg Do';f cg'udgstf{, cfof]hgf ;+rfns tyf

k/fdz{bftfx\ofdkf] Ifdtf clea[l4 .

cWofo M– *

jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf, lgl/If0f of]hgf dg ?h'

To cWofoaL sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfkf] lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ;DaGwL sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8åf/f

k|:tfljt

jftfj/0fLo dg ;fdflhs k|efj Joj:yfkgkf] pkfox\ofd a0f{g Do'GKof Uof] . Go'gLs/0fkf]

pkfox\ofd lj:t[t jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf (EMP) aL ;dflji6 Uof]g' .

of]hgfc\of cfof]hgf ljsf; ;DaGwL jftfj/0fLo dg ;fdflhs k|efj lgoGq0f tyf Go'gLs/0fkf]

l;4fGQ, ljlw dg k|flqmofkf] klxrfg Dof . Tof of]hgfkf] p2]Zo sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of JoQm

Do"Tod k|lta4tf cg'?k cfof]hgf ;DaGwL jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs k|efjx\ofd Go"gLs/0f Do'Gof

k|lqmof hf/L Tof]Gof . To of]hgfc\of ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfkf] ;xfos b:tfj]hkf] Sofd Dof .

jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfkf] sfof{Gjog lgDg cfwf/e't l;4fGQ uf]aL Uof] .

cfof]hgf :jLs[lt ;DalGw Vjn]Ë jftfj/0fLo dg\ ;fdflhs zt{x\ofd k'/f

cfof]hgfkf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Sofd ;DkfbgaL ;fd'lxs lhDd]jf/L af]wkf] ljsf; k|a4{g

tyf k|]/0ff k|bfg .

cfof]hgfaL cfj4 Sofd Do'Kof 7]s]bf/ nufotaL tflnd jftfa/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkgkf]

af/]aL cdx\ofdkf] e"ldsf dg bfloTjjf]w dfkm{t dg\ cfof]hgfkf] Sofd ;Dkfbg / ;du| dg

jftfj/0fLo Sofd ;Dkfbg No'KsLkf] cGt/DaGw bzf{P/ cdx\ofdaL jftfj/0fLo hgr]tgf dg

1fgkf] k|a4{g :yfgLo hLjgz}nL dg ;+:s[ltaL cfof]hgfkf] k|efj bVjfO{ Do"Gof d:Ko cfjZostf

dg ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf; .


50

cfof]hgf cjlwe/L jftfj/0fLo dg ;fdflhs -Sofd;Dkfbgkf]_ lgl/If0f dg lg/Gt/ ;'wf/kf] nflu

cg's/0fLo Joj:yfkg ljlwkf] sfof{Gjog :yflgo ;d'bfo dg ;/f]sf/jfnf x\ofdsf]nf] ;xsfo{ Do';f

cdx\ofdof]Ë cfof]hgfkf] lgsf;ns k|fKt 5'SKof nfex\ofdkf] ;'lgl:rttf cfof]hgfkf] Vjf]n]Ë

r/0fx\ofdaL :yflgo ;/f]sf/jfnfx\ofdkf] ;+nUgtf dg ;"rgfkf] xskf] k|lta4tf sfod

sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8kf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ;dlGw ultljlwx\ofdaL jftfj/0fLo Go'lgs/0f tyf

clea[l4 ;fSk' tTjx\ofd kf] ld>0f 5'SKof k|ltljDa Yof]sL . Do ultljlwx\ofdof]Ë 5fg]O5'SKof

jftfj/0fLo k|efjx\ofd Dokf] ulDe/tf c\ofGHof]O{ clglZlrt Uof] Doof]Ë ;Daf]wg Do'Gof tof/

Do'GKof cg's/0fLo Joj:yfkg /0fgLlt cyjf lgdf{0f k}bf 5'SKof k|efj Joj:yfkg Do'Gof ultljlwkf]

?kaL JofVof Do'Gof RofKsL .

lgdf{0fkf] qmdaL k}bf 5'SKof k|efjx\ofdkf] Joj:yfkg Do"lsnf] lgdf{0fsf]nf] ;DaGwL Vof]n]Ë d'2fx\ofd

;Daf]wg 5'g' DoaL M–

-s_ :jLs[lt dg cg'df]bg

-v_ jftfj/0f ;DaGwL tflnd

-u_ lgdf{0f lzlj/ ;jf/L cfjfudg Joj:yfkg of]hgf

-3_ k|b'if0f lgoGq0f of]hgf

-ª_ :yn kof{a/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf

-r_ s' -hn_ kof{j/0f of]hfg

-5_ -lvo]O{_ /f]syfd tyf Joj:yfkg of]hgf .

-h_ x;\ :jf:Yo tyf -Sofdut_ ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg of]hgf

-em_ cfsf:dLstf Joj:yfkg of]hgf

-`_ k'g{:yfkgf of]hgf

-6_ ;Defjgf Yof]Kof k|lqmof

-7_ SofdDo"Kofkf] P]gsf]nf] tfbfDotf

-8_ ;'/Iff sd{rf/L÷dg

-9_ u'gf;f] ;Daf]wg ;+oGq ;dfj]z 5'g' .


51

cfof]hgf lgdf{0faL 7]s]bf/ sDkgLkf] bfloTj ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx\ofd\ lj:t[t ?kaL jftfj/0fLo

JofVofaL k|bfg Do'GKof Uof] px]d jf]nkqkf] b:tfj]hx\ofdsf]nf] 7]s]bf/ sDkgLx\ofd of]Ë pknAw

Do'GKof Uof] . Tof hfgsf/Lx\ofdof]Ë afxo k/fdz{bftf sDkgLc\of ;'kl/j]If Dofg' .

sfj]nL …PÚ s'ljB't cfof]hgfkf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Vof]n]Ë ;/f]sf/jfnfx\ofdof]Ë

k|efjsf/L ?kaL ;+ul7t Do'Go, cfof]hgf ljsf; dg\ sfof{Gjogkf] t'a ;+:yfut 9fFrf :yfkgf Do'ls

. Do ;+:yfut 9fFrfkf] p2]Zo 3f]n] ;/f]sf/jfnfx\ofd t' vfnkf] dof{bfqmd cg'?k Nofn VjfGGof dg\

;/f]sf/jfnfx\ofns k|fKt of]ubfgx\ofd of]Ë cfTdf;ft Do";f cfof]hgfkf] 3f]n] txx\ofdaL nfu"

Do'sL .

t's pNn]v Do"GKof cg';f/ lj1x\ofdkf] 6f]nL u7g Do';f sfa]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfsf]nf] ;DalGwt

jftfj/0fLo dg\ ;fdflhs d'2fx\ofdkf] lgikIf k'g{;ldIff dg dfu{ lgb]{zg k|bfg Do'sL . Sofdkf]

k|utL ljj/0f dg jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf dg ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfkf] cfjZos

tfbfDotfkf] tof/ Do'Gof lj1 6f]nLkf] csf]{ lhDd]jf/L uf]aL dTTo' .

cg's/0fLo Joj:yfkg M—

k|:tfljt of]hgfx\ofdof]Ë eljZoaL ;Gt'ng ldn]O Do"Gof d:Kof cfjZostf dx;'; dTTo' .

Dosf/0f jftfj/0fLo dg ;fdflhs Joj;yfkgfkf] cËx\ofdkf] nflu cg's/0fLo Joj:yfkg ljlw

cjnDag Do'Gof . jf:tljs Sofd ;Dkfbgkf] d"Nofªg dg lgl/If0fkf] cfwf/aL Joj:yfkg

of]hgfx\ofdkf] plrt ;Gt'ng ldn]ODo'Gof . cfof]hgf ;DkGg 5'SKof Vof]n]ª jftfj/0fLo dg

;fdflhs k|0ffnLx\ofd l:y/ d5' ;Dd Tof k|lqmof 5'x]d' . cg's/0fLo Joj:yfkg ljlw ljz]if Do';f

ª\of] hg;+Vof Joj:yfkg s'kf] dfqf dg -Ro/L_ jxfj dg Plss[t c;/kf] Joj:yfkg nfu" 5' .

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg k|ltj]bgc\of Go'lgs/0fkf] pkfox\ofd klxrfg Do'Gof dg ;'wf/ Do'Gof

yk ;"rgf cfjZos 5'SKof dxTjk'0f{ If]qx\ofd phfu/ Do'Tof . d'Vo cfwf/ /]lvo cWoogx\ofdaL

sfj]nL dg tdf]/ sjx\ofdaL s'kf] ;fd'bflos pkof]u dg hnr/kf] af/]aL cfwf/ /]lvo hfgsf/L

dg ;'?ª lgdf{0f 5'SKof If]q Tofyfd Dofyfdkf] sd dg k"jf{wf/x\ofdkf] cj:yfkf] af/]aL cfwf/

/]lvo ;"rgf ;DaGwL cWoogx\ofd dTg' . lgl/If0f k|of; dg cfwf/ /]lvo cWoogkf] cltl/Qm

cg's/0fLo Joj:yfkg 9fFrfkf] ;xof]ufy{ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f bf}/fg ;fSk' d'Vo cWoogx\ofd ;+rfng

Do'Gof .


52

:yfoL ?kaL Do'Kof dg\ a;fO{ ;/fO{ Do'Kof ªof] ;DaGwL cWoog M—

sfa]nL P hnljB't of]hgf x]ªdLd cfof]hgfx\ofdcof 5]sjf/dg s' 5]s]O Do'Kof k|ljlw k|of]u

Do'Gofc\of ª\of] ljljwtf dg hg;+VofaL k|efj dTTo' . Tovfn k|efj dTy/ Do'Gof cfof]hgfc\of

afFw ;+/rgfjL d\ofªkf] Joj:yf Do'Tofd Uof] . sakf] t'snfd efuaL dg o'snfd dfuaL 5'SKof

ª\of]kf] a;fO{;/fO{kf] nflu e/\ofªkf] k|efjsf/LtfaL clglZrtcof t'a lrGtf pTkGg Do'Tofd Uof] .

t;y{, clglZrttf dg hf]lvd bVjfO{ Do'Gof, ª\of] ljljwtf dg hg;+Vof sfod Do'Gof sfa]nL P

s'ljB't cfof]hgf ;dIf ª\of]kf] nflu k|hgg s]Gb| dg kf]v/L lgdf{0f Do'Gof k|:tfj Do'GKof Uof] .

k|hgg s]Gb|aL k|hggkf] nflu nlIft k|hfltx\ofd vt/fkf] ;'lrjL k/]O5'SKof a;fO{;/fO{ Do'Kof dg

:yfgLokf] nflu cfly{s dxTj sKof{ k|hftLx\ofd d'g' . TOR cWoogaL

-s_ g]kfnL nlIft k|hfltsf] ª\of]kf] k|hgggkf] cg'ejkf] k'0f{ ;ldIff

-v_ sfj]nL P s' ljB't cfof]hgf glhs pko'Qm k|hgg s]Gb|kf] klxrfg

-u_ cfjZostf ;xfos k"jf{wf/ dg ª\of] k|hgg s]Gb|kf] Ps?k lgwf{/0f

-3_ Tokf] ;+rfng dg Joj:yfkg

-r_ To s]Gb|kf] lgdf{0f dg ;+rfngkf] nfut

s';+sng 5'SKof aokf] z'l4s/0f of]hgf M

e"—agf]6kf] t'snfd efuaL Uof]Kof IfoLs/0f dg o'snnfd efuaL hDdf 5'SKof lyu|f] sfj]nL

nufotkf] lxdfnL sjx\ofdaL pTkGg 5'SKof d'2fx\ofd dWo] dTTo' . To d'2fx\ofdof]ª Go'gLs/0f

d"Gof jo ToyDoy hf]lvdk"0f{ ao dg Tokf] sf/s tTjkf] klxrfg Do'Gofd:Kof cfjZos Uof] .

cGof]nldd\ ldlt;Dd cfof]hgf ao ToyDoyf Tokm]d px]dof]Ë cWoog ;DkGg 5'STofd Do"Uof] .

lgs6 eljZoaL sfj]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfcof To d'2fx\ofd ;Daf]wg Do'Gof t'j lj:t[t cWoog

;+rfng Do'tf]ªd' . To cWooaL cfwfl/t Uof]Kof s' ;+sng 5'SKof] If]qkf] of]hgf th'{df Do"GofdTTo' .

Toª cWoogcof 3f]n] sfa]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfsf]nf] jªfd ljsf;d"ns ;+:yfx\ofd lar

lhDd]jf/L jfF8kmfF8kf] cfwf/ tof/ Do dg IfoLs/0f dg lyu|f] ;+sng of]Ë Go"g Do .

jftfj/0fLo lgl/If0f of]hgfdf cfof]hgf lgdf{0f Nofn, lgdf{0f ofy dg ;+rfngkf] r/0faL cfwf/

/]lvo, tfbfDotf dg cfof]hgf ultljlwx\ofdkf] k|jfx lgl/If0fkf] nflu jftfj/0fLo lgl/If0f Sofd

;dfj]z 5'g' . lgl/If0fkf] nflu dfkg of]Uo ;"rsx\ofdkf] ;d"x 5gf}6 Do"sL . Tof of]hgfaL


53

lgl/If0fkf] ljlw ltj|tfkf] lgl/If0f :yfgkf] lgl/If0f, lgl/If0fkf] nfut dg lhDd]jf/L sd{rf/L ;dfj]';

Do"GKof Uof]g' . sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8 lgoldt ?kaL cfGtl/s lgl/If0f Sofd ;+rfng Do'jL dg

k|To]s tLg dlxgfaL k|ltj]bg hf/L 5' . lgdf{0fkf] qmdaL k|To]s ^ dlxgfaL jftfj/0fLo dg

;fdflhs ;'/Iffkf] pkfox\ofdkf] sfof{Gjogkf] cj:yf k"0f{ ;ldIff Do"Gof cw{ aflif{s ?kaL lgikIf

afx| lgl/If0f sfo{ ;+rfng 5' .

jftfj/0fLo lgl/If0f M

jftfj/0fLo lgl/If0f of]hgfaL lgdf{0f Nofn, lgdf{0fkf] qmdaL dg ;+rfngkf] qmdaL cfof]hgfkf]

ultljlwx\ofd ;+nUg 5'g' . lgl/If0fkf] nflu dfkgof]Uo ;"rfÍx\ofd 5gf}6 Do'GKof Uof]g' eg] To

of]hgf cGtu{t lgl/If0fkf] jo lgl/If0fkf] nflu lhDd]jf/L k|fKt sd{rf/L dg nfut ;dfj]z Do'GKof

Uof]g' . sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8c\of q}dfl;s ?kaL cfGtl/s ?h' . Do dg k|To]s aif{ rf/j6f

k|ltj]bgx\ofd tof/ Dofg' . cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkf] bf}/fg :jtGq cw{aflif{s afx\o ?h' Do';f jftfj/0fLo

tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffkf] pkfox\ofd sfof{Gjog 5' d'5'SKof ;ldIff Dof .

cWofo —(

jftfj/0fLo Go'gLs/0f, lgl/If0f, ?h' dg Joj:yfkgkf] nfut vr{ M

Tof cWofoaL jftfj/0fLo Jjj:yfkg of]hgf, jftfj/0fLo Go"gLs/0f dg jftfj/0fLo lgl/If0fkf]

sfof{Gjogsf]nf] ;DalGwt cg'dflgt vr{kf] ljj/0f k]z Do'GKof Uof] . cfof]hgfkf] s'n jftfj/0fLo

vr{ ?=@#*,@&(,!*& ÷– dWo] ?=#),@@#%&%÷– lgdf{0fkf] qmdaL aftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgkf] nflu

vr{ Do'GKof– lgdf{0f k"j{, lgdf{0f kZrft dg ;+rfngkf] qmdaL jftfj/0fLo lgl/If0fkf] nflu s'n

?=!#,%)@,%))÷– vr{ Do'GKof–cfof]hgf lgdf{0f dg ;+rfngkf] qmdaL jftfj/0fLo Go"gLs/0fkf]

nflu ?=$!,&$$,!&& ÷– vr{ lalgof]hg Do"GKof–jftfj/0fLo ?h'kf] nflu ?=&%),)))÷– dg lzlj/

;+rfng, kg{:yfkgf tyf cGo k|of]hgkf] nflu ?=!%@,)%*,(#% ÷– ljlgof]hg Do"GKof . ;fdflhs

Sofd of]hgf sfof[[[[{Gjogkf] gªaL yk ?=@(%&(,!&#)%÷– 5'§} lalgof]hg Do"GKof .

cGo ;'/Iff d'2fx\ofd M

afFwkf] ;'/Iff (OP 4.37) cGt/fli6«o lj1kf] t'j 6f]nLc\of cfof]hgfkf] bf}/fg ;fs k6s

cfof]hgfao e|d0f Do';f cfof]hgfkf] :j?kkf] ;DaGwL ;'emfjx\ofd k|bfg Do"Tof . sfj]nL OghL{


54

lnld6]8cof ;+rfng tyf dd{t ;Ddf/ lgodfjnLsf]nf] afFw ;'/Iff of]hgf dg cfktsflng tof/L

of]hgf Do';f ljZj a}+skf] afFw laz]if1ns cg'df]bg Do'GKof .

cGt/fli6«o hndfu{ (op 7.50)

sfa]nL P s'ljB't cfof]hgfc\of tfkf] k|f/lDes ;+efAotf cWoog dg jftfj/0fLo k|efj

lj=;=@)%% aL ;DkGg Do'Tofd\ uf]Tof . rLg, ef/t, dg a+unfb]z of]Ë lj=;=@)%( ;fnaL

cfof]hgf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L xf]ª;f tLg dlxgf uf]aL ;DalGwt b]zx\ofdns l6Kk0fL lkmTofd uf]Tof .

lgwf{l/t ldlt;Dd dg cGof]n;Dd of]Ë To d'n'sx\ofd ns cfof]hgfkf] ;DaGwLaL dfof]ª k|ltlqmof

dg cfktL k|fKt d5'ª Uof] . lj=;=@)&) aL $% lbg] Dofbsf]nf] km]/L ;"rgf hf/L Do"GKof Uof] .

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sfa]nL æPÆ s ljB't cfof]hgf - BPCbpc.com.np/images/disclosure/ctC__04executive_summary_of... · 2018. 5. 10. · Executive summary of KAHEP EIA in Khaling Rai Language 3 (SAP) of]