Seventh Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference · PROCEEDINGS "Clean Coal Technology - Meeting Energy and Environmental Needs" Seventh Annual International Pittsburgh Coal

PROCEEDINGS

"Clean Coal Technology -Meeting Energy and Environmental Needs"

Seventh Annual International

PittsburghCoal Conference

September 10-14, 1990

Hosted by:The University of Pittsburgh

School of EngineeringCenter for Energy Research

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SERIES I: FUNDAMENTALS

SESSION 1

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF MINES

Coal Pyrolysis

Co-Chairmen:

M. Hertzberg, Pittsburgh Research Center, U. S. Bureau of MinesM. P. Goldberg, U.S. DOE - Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center

Progress in Coal PyrolysisP. R. Solomon, Advanced Fuel Research; T. H. Fletcher, Sandia NationalLaboratories; R. J. Pugmire, University of Utah

Modeling the Devolatilization Behavior of Various CoalsS. Niksa, Stanford University; A. R. Kerstein, Sandia NationalLaboratories 13

Insights on Tar Release from Rapid Pyrolysis of Bituminous Coal by ChemicalCharacterization and Mathematical Modeling StudiesJ. D. Freihaut, W. M. Proscia, United Technologies Research Center, J. Hau,Merck & Company, Inc.; W. A. Peters, J. B. Howard, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology *

Measurements of Pyrolysis Rates and Structural Changes During theDevolatilization of Single Coal Particles Using Pulsed Laser Heating atCombustion Level Heat FluxesM. Hertzberg, I. A. Zlochower, Pittsburgh Research Center, U.S. Bureau ofMines; D. J. Maloney, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center;T. X. Phouc, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center 20

SESSION 2

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Mineral Matter Transformations

Co-Chairmen:

J. M. Beer, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyR. Borio, ABB Combustion Engineering

From Coal Mineral Properties to Fly Ash Deposition TendenciesJ. M. Beer, L. S. Monroe, A. F. Sarofim, Massachuetts Institute ofTechnology

Paper not available at time of publication. Refer to Late Papers Directory on page1051 of the Proceedings for author's address.

Superheating Fouling in Coal Fired Boilers Due to Lime InjectionB. J. Skrifvars, M. Hupa, Abo Academi University, Finland; P. Hyoty,Tampella Ltd., Finland 33

Characterization of Liquid Phase Components in Coal Ashes and DepositsE. N. Steadman, S. A. Benson, C. J. Zygarlicke, D.W. Brekke, Energy &Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota 43

A Fundamental Study of Ash Particle AdhesionJ. J. Helble, S. Srinivasachar, A. A. Boni, PSI Technology Company 52

The Reliable Prediction of Ash Deposit Effects on Commercial BoilerDesign/OperationR. W. Borio, A. A. Levasseur, O. K. Chow, L. S. Miemiec, ABB CombustionEngineering Systems *

Experimental Determination of Mineral Matter Release During CoalDevolatilizationL . L . B a x t e r , R . E . M i t c h e l l , T . H . F l e t c h e r , Sandia National L a b o r a t o r i e s . . . . 6 2

SESSION 3

CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM

Char Reactivity

Co-Chairmen:

M. R. Khan, Texaco Research CenterC. S. Daw, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Influence of Oxygen Preadsorption on Nonisothermal Char ReactivityM. R. Khan, Texaco Research Center; E. P. Esztergar, SGI International;F. Hsieh, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, METC 75

Combustion Reactivity of Mild-Gasification CharsC . S . D a w , Oak Ridge National Laboratory; M . A . P e r n a , B a b c o c k & Wilcox . . . 8 4

Characterization of Gasification Coal CharR. C. Timpe, R. W. Kulas, W. B. Hauserman, Energy & Environment ResearchCenter, University of North Dakota 94

Characterization of Mild Gasification Char for Methane ProductionR. L. McCormick, M. C. Jha, AMAX Research and Development Center 103


SESSION A

Fundamentals

Co-Chairmen:

B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company

Emission of Nitrogen Oxides from Portuguese Anthracites Combustion in aFluidised BedJ. F. P. Gomes, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Portugal 115

Effects of Devolatilization Reactor Type on High-Temperature and Low-Temperature Char Oxidation RatesW. D. Hyde, K. M. McDonald, W. C. Hecker, Advanced Combustion EngineeringResearch Center, Brigham Young University *

Coal Pyrolysis in Economical Use of CoalG. Kaczmarzyk, H. Zielinski, M. Sciazko, Institute for Chemical Processingof Coal, Poland; T. Chmielniak, Silesian Politechnical University, IMiUE,Poland 123

SESSION 4

UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI

Dry Scrubbing

Co-Chairmen:

T. Keener, University of CincinnatiM. E. Prudich, Ohio University

Mathematical Modeling of the Fixed-Bed Limestone Emission Control(LEC) SystemM. J. Visneski, M. E. Prudich, K. J. Sampson, Ohio University;K. W. Appell, ETS, Inc 135

Recovery of Spent Limestone in LEC Flue Gas DesulfurizationM. E. Unger, R. J. Adler, Case Western Reserve University; M. E. Prudich,Ohio University 144

Fundamentals of Gas-Sorbent Interactions in SO2 Removal for In-FurnaceInjection of Calcium-Based SorbentsK. Raghunathan, L. S. Fan, Ohio State University *

A Structural Pore Development Model for CalcinationS. Keener, S.-J. Khang, University of Cincinnati 149

* Paper not available at time of publication. Refer to Late Papers Directory on page1051 of the Proceedings for author's address.

SESSION 5

SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

NOX Formation

Co-Chairmen:

S. Rajan, Southern Illinois UniversityD. Gyorke, U. S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center

Lessons Learned from European SCR Applications to Coal-Fired BoilersP . A . L o w e , INTECH, I n c . ; M . P e r l s w e i g , U.S. D O E , Office of Fossil Energy . . . 1 6 1

Field Evaluation of Gas Reburning-Sorbent Injection and Gas Rebuming LowNOX Burners for Acid Rain Precursor Emission Control for Utility BoilersT. M. Sommer, W. Bartok, B. A. Folsom, D. K. Hartsock, I. C. Opatrny,Energy and Environmental Research Corporation *

Heating Rate Effects on NOX FormationS. Rajan, J. K. Raghavan, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 170

The Study of the Formation of N2O in Fluidised Bed Combustion ofCoal ParticlesI. Gulyurtlu, I. Cabrita, R. Costa, H. Esparteiro, A. Monteiro, LaboratorioNacional de Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial, Portugal 177

Effect of Coal Composition on NOx-FormationH. Grigoleit, H. Kremer, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany 187

SERIES D: ENERGY/ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

SESSION 6

AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS

National Energy Strategy - Government Perspective

Chairman:

R. Fenton, American Mining Congress

The Bush Administration's Effort to Construct a National Energy StrategyT. Grahame, U. S. Department of Energy

Energy Security Laws of the 1970s and Their Effectiveness TodayM. Holt, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress

The Green Road to ChaosK. Geffreys, Heritage Foundation


Energy Policy and Perspective - Today's Problems and Yesterday's SolutionsSpeaker to be announced

SESSION 7


National Energy Strategy - Industry Recommendations

Co-Chairmen:

E. L. Daman, Foster Wheeler Development CorporationG. Weth, U.S. DOE, Office of Fossil Energy

Utility Industry Perspective on a National Energy StrategyC. D. Harrison, CQ Inc.; K. Yeager, EPR1 *

National Energy Strategy: A Petroleum Industry PerspectiveM. E. Canes, American Petroleum Institute 199

The Demand for Natural Gas in the Environmental- and Efficiency-ConsciousPost-1990 EraR. L. Itteilag, American Gas Association 209

Nine Points for American Independence of Action in EnergyR. Lawson, National Coal Association *

Synthetic Fuels Policy in the Years AheadM. S. Koleda, Council on Alternate Fuels 216

SESSION 8


Clean Air Act Amendments

Chairman:

T. Hoffman, Consolidation Coal Company

In this session, representatives of government agencies, trade associations and utilitieswill discuss not only what the Congress now requires coal-fired boiler operators to doas a result of the new Clean Air Act Amendments, but also what issues regardingacid rain the Congress left unaddressed, such as the effect of the emission cap oneconomic growth and toxic aspects of residuals from clean air systems.


SESSION B

Energy/Environmental Policy

Co-Chairmen:


A Non-Slagging Vortex Combustor Firing Coal-Water Fuel for CommercialHeating ApplicationsS. Nieh, The Catholic University of America; T. T. Fu, Naval Civil EngineeringLaboratory, U.S. Navy 223

An Analysis of the Engineering Feasibility of Coal-Water Slurry Injection intothe Blast FurnaceW. Heng, W. Shijun, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, PRC 233

SESSION 9

ENERGY & WATER RESEARCH CENTERWEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY

Regulation Issues

Chairman:

C. Irwin, Energy & Water Research CenterWest Virginia University

Demonstration Program of Clean Coal Technology in ChinaH. C. Bao, Energy Research Committee, Chinese Academy of Sciences; N. Chen,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; M. Cheng,Y. Wang, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China . . .

Using Computer Models to Match Coal Quality with Environmental ConcernsC. E. Lemons, G. S. Stallard, D. W. Mitas, D. M. Case, Black & Veatch,Engineers & Architects

Economics and Environmental Performance of Clean Coal Technologies:A Comparative Analysis and Status ReportD. W. South, J. L. Gillette, Argonne National Laboratory

The Future of Clean Coal Technology: An Evaluation of the Proposed CCTIncentives in HR 3030K. A. McDermott, Center for Regulatory Studies, Illinois State University;D. W. South, Argonne National Laboratory

245


SESSION 10

AMERICAN COAL ASH ASSOCIATION

System Approach to Combustion

Chairman:

Erast Borissoff, American Coal Ash Association

An Analysis of Interlaboratory Variability of ASTM C618 Fly Ash TestsC. J. Moretti, B. A. Dockter, Energy & Environmental Research Center,University of North Dakota *

Overview of AFBC Ash Disposal Options for Coal or Coal Waste BurningPower PlantsT. A. Gray, M. T. Perry, GAI Consultants, Inc 251

Utilization of Fly Ash as a Construction Material in ChinaL. Wei, T. R. Naik, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; D. M. Golden, EPRI 261

Coal, Ash & Environment Protection Against Coal Combustion ProductsM. Grbovich, M. Miloshevich, B. Grbovich, Mining Institute-Belgrade,Yugoslavia *

Environmental Characterization of the Shell Coal Gasification Process.ITI. Solids By-ProductsR. T. Perry, J. A. Salter, D. C. Baker, M. W. Potter, Shell Oil Companyand Shell Development Company; C M . Thompson, A. G. Eklund,Radian Corporation 269

SERIES ffl: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

SESSION 11


Retrofit DeSOj/DeNO x

Co-Chairmen:

R. A. Hewitt, Texas Utilities Electric CompanyR. E. Norton, Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company

Flue Gas Desulfurization at Cycling UnitsW. J. Rymarczyk, W. DePriest, Sargent & Lundy; P. Radcliffe, EPRI . . 281

Advanced Magnesium-Enhanced Lime Wet FGD Pilot Plant OperationL. B. Benson, Dravo Lime Company; H. Johnson, Ohio Coal DevelopmentOffice; D. Horn, The Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company


Acid Rain Legislation - When the Bill Passes, How Will the Scrubber VendorsRespond?R. E. Norton, S. Bjorklun, Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc *

Flue Gas Desulfurization Experience - Texas Utilities Electric CompanyR. A. Hewitt, A. J. Garcia, Texas Utilities Electric Company 291

SESSION 12


International DeSO^DeNO,

Chairman:

N. Sekhar, General Electric Environmental Services

Energy Strategies and Air Pollution Control in ItalyE. Marchesi, G. Trebbi, ENEL, Italy *

Air Pollution Control Regulation and Experience of Electric Utilities in TheNetherlandsJ. van der Koij, N.V. Sep/Dutch Electricity Generating Board, The Netherlands . . *

The Role of FGD in PowerGen's Sulphur Abatement ProgrammeT. E. Chappell, J. Evans, S. K. Reynolds, PowerGen, Great Britain 303

Legal Requirements at German Power Plants and Their Practical ComplianceM. Rebentisch, Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitatswerke, Germany 313

World Coal Trade: Potential for Growth and Environmental IssuesL. Guey-Lee, F. Mayes, Jr., U.S. DOE, Energy Information Administration *

SESSION 13

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY

Advanced NOX Technologies

Co-Chairmen:

G. A. Hollinden, Radian CorporationJ. E. Cichanowicz, Electric Power Research Institute

Post Combustion NOx Reduction with Urea: Theory and PracticeW. H. Sun, J. E. Hoffman, Nalco Fuel Tech; R. Pachaly, Fuel Tech, GmbH,Germany *

Evaluation of Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts from West German PilotPlant StudiesJ. C. Fu, T. R. Gouker, J. P. Solar, W. R. Grace & Company; C. P. Brundrett,Davison Chemical Company

SCR Application for NOx Control on Utility BoilersT. Maeda, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.; K. Suyama, R. Iskandar,Cormetech, Inc

Status of 1 MW SCR Pilot Plant Tests at Tennessee Valley Authority andNew York State Electric & GasJ. E. Cichanowicz, EPRI; H. Flora, S. Stamey, Tennessee Valley Authority;G. Janik, B. Marker, New York State Electric and Gas

SESSION C

Environmental Technologies

Co-Chairmen:


Dry Desulfurization of Synthesis Gas from Coal for Small and Medium SizedChemical PlantsT. Shishao, S. Ju, L. Shengzhao, M. Maoqian, G. Hanxian, Research Institutefor Chemical Engineering of Coal, Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC 319

The Effect of Lime Modification on Sludge ThickeningY. J. Lee, L. B. Benson, Dravo Lime Company 324

Clean Coal JU Demonstration Project: The LIFAC Innovative DesulfurizationProcess at Richmond Power & Light's Whitewater Valley #2 PlantK. A. Schweers, ICF Kaiser Engineers; K. Mattila, Tampella Ltd., Finland;I. A. Huffman, Richmond Power and Light; B. T. O'Neal, EPRI *

Proof-of-Concept Test of the NOXSO Flue Gas Treatment SystemJ. L. Haslbeck, M. C. Woods, NOXSO Corporation; R. E. Bolli, Ohio Edison;R. L. Gilbert, MK-Ferguson; C. P. Brundrett, W. R. Grace & Company 330


I Paper not available at time of publication. Refer to Late Papers Directory on page1051 of the Proceedings for author's address.

SESSION 14

PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER - U.S. DOE

Biodesulfurization

Co-Chairmen:

D. J. Boron, U.S. DOE - Pittsburgh Energy Technology CenterG. Olson, U.S. DOE - Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center

Coal and Microorganisms - Are They Really Such Strange Bed-Fellows?I. M. Campbell, University of Pittsburgh 343

Advantages and Disadvantages of Microbial Coal DesulfurizationP. Bos, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 350

Oxygen Transfer Problems in Coal Processing BioreactorsG. Andrews, C. J. Stevens, J. Quintana, P. R. Dugan, Idaho NationalEngineering Laboratory 358

Biodesulfurization: Future Prospects in Coal CleaningJ. J. Kilbane, Institute of Gas Technology 373

SESSION 15


Flue Gas Desulfurization

Chairman:

G. E. Klinzing, University of Pittsburgh

Pure Air Advanced FGD System and Design for Northern Indiana's BaillyGeneration StationE. C. Heydorn, C. L. Yeh, Pure Air; K. Muramatsu, N. Ukawa, MitsubishiHeavy Industries, Ltd *

The Parsons FGC Process Development - Simultaneous Removal of SOX and NOX

R. E. Meissner, III, K. V. Kwong, J. B. O'Hara, The Ralph M. Parsons Company;C. C. Hong, Columbia Gas System Service Corporation; A. B. Stiles, Universityof Delaware 385

Enhanced Desulfurization using Chemical Additive OptionsM. L. Lin, D. V. Diep, J. E. Mincy, V. M. Albanese, Nalco Fuel Tech 395

Laboratory Sorbent Reactivity Evaluation for Improved Duct Sorbent InjectionSO, ControlW. A. Rosenhoover, J. A. Withum, H. Yoon, Consolidation Coal Company . . . 405


Alternative SO,/NO x Emission Reduction Techniques for Stationary Sources:A Comparative AnalysisD. W. South, Argonne National Laboratory; T. E. Emmel, Radian Corporation . .

SERIES IV: DEMONSTRATION

SESSION 16

U. S. DOE

Clean Coal Technology Program I

Co-Chairmen:

L. Miller, U.S. DOE, Office of Clean Coal TechnologyK. Hancock, U.S. DOE, Office of Clean Coal Technology

Status and Issues of Clean Coal ProgramJ. Siegel, 17.5. DOE, Headquarters

Ohio State's Clean Coal Technology ProgramJ. Bird, Ohio Coal Development Office

Clean Coal Technology and Global WarmingR. Kane, U.S. DOE, Headquarters

Coal Firing and Acid Rain StrategyW. Burnett, Gas Research Institute

SESSION 17

U. S. DOE

Clean Coal Technology Program II

Co-Chairmen:

K. Hancock, U.S. DOE, Office of Clean Coal TechnologyL. Miller, £7.5. DOE, Office of Clean Coal Technology

Coal Tech's Clean Coal, Air Cooled Combustor Demonstration Project (FirstResults of the Completed Phase 3 Tests)B. Zauderer, E. S. Fleming, Coal Tech Corporation 417

Clean Coal Technology Program at PETCJ. Strakey, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center *

Clean Coal Technology Program at METCW. Langdon, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center *


Potential Utility Market for Clean Coal TechnologyJ. Lillywhite, Bechtel Group, Inc

Fifth paper to be announced.

SESSION 18

ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE

International Coal Gasification

Co-Chairmen:

M. Epstein, Electric Power Research InstituteT. Towers, Dakota Gasification Company

Proposed Demonstration of an Air Blown Coal Gasification Combined CycleGas Turbine ConceptJ. C. Hester, CRSS Capital, Inc.; D. E. Pless, TECO PowerServices Corporation 429

A Technical and Economic Evaluation of the Humid Air Turbine CycleA. D. Rao, J. R. Joiner, Fluor Daniel, Inc 437

The Current Status of Great PlainsT. G. Towers, Dakota Gasification Company 447

Coal Gasification and Clean Use of Coal in the European CommunitiesS. Furfari, The Commission of the European Communities, Belgium 455

SESSION D

Demonstration

Co-Chairmen:


The Development of ICC Coal Gasification ProcessW. Yang, Z. Guoxiong, Z. Haisheng, Z. Jianmin, H. Jiejie, Chinese Academy ofSciences, China 467

Development of Coal Partial Combustor (CPC) System for Industrial BoilerFuel ConversionE. Harada, M. Shirara, K. Kawamura, S. Nozoe, Akashi Technical Institute,Japan; H. Takano, Kawasaki Steel Corporation, Japan; T. Hamano,T. Nakanishi, The Coal Mining Research Centre, Japan 473


Stabilization of Calcium Sulfide Produced in Coal Gasification with In-SituDesulfurizationJ. Abbasian, Institute of Gas Technology; D. J. Banerjee, Center for Researchon Sulfur in Coal *

Solutions to Particulate Emissions and Acid Rain Provided by P84 CompositeFabricsA. Turkson, Albarrie Canada Limited, Canada *

Preliminary Study of the Effects of Natural Gas Co-Firing on Coal ParticleCombustionA. R. Schroeder, D. M. Thompson, H. Krier, J. E. Peters, R. O. Buckius,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 483

Bench-Scale Test Results with Iron Compounds as Sorbents for In-Situ SulfurCapture with the Texaco Coal Gasification ProcessM. S. Najjar, D. Y. Jung, Texaco, Inc *

Prediction of Carbon Retention Trends in an Entrained Flow GasifierI. Celik, West Virginia University; M. Chattree, University of New Orleans 493

Hot Fuel Gas Desulfurization Using Doped Cerium OxidesW. G. Wilson, Gas Desulfurization Corporation; J. T. Cobb, Jr., University ofPittsburgh; D. A. R. Kay, McMasters University, Canada 504

SESSION 19


European Scrubber Operations

Chairman:

J. van Mourik, N. V. EPZ, Holland

Materials - Testing the Consequences of the Improper Application of OrganicLinings in Flue Gas Desulfurization SystemsC.A.M. van den Ende, N.V. Kema, The Netherlands *

Elimination of Heavy Metals Out of Blowdown of a Wet Gasscrubber byPrecipitationM. M. Swinnen, N. Drew Ameroid Nederland B.V., The Netherlands 517

Flue Gas Desulphurization of the Amer Cent rale Power Station inThe NetherlandsW . H . P . G o o s s e n s , £ 5 7 5 B.V., Holland; J . v a n M o u r i k , JV.V. EPZ, Holland . . . *

Measures and Operating Experience Regarding SO2 and NOX Reduction inAustria's Coal-Fired Power PlantsJ. Tauschitz, Verbund-Plan GmbH, Austria 527


SESSION 20


Boiler Operations

Co-Chairmen:

R. Furst, Black & Veatch, Engineerings & ArchitectsS. Stallard, Black & Veatch, Engineering & Architects

Gas Cofiring in Coal-Fired Electric Energating Plants - An Update onPerformance and EconomicsJ. M. Pratapas, Gas Research Institute; J. G. Holmes, Energy and EnvironmentalAnalysis, Inc •

Applying Real Time Coal Quality Information to Utility OperationsG. S. Stallard, D. W. Mitas, A. A. Anderson, Black <£ Veatch, Engineers &Architects; D. C. O'Connor, EPRI •

CPFBC Development Work for Second-Generation Pressurized Fluidized BedCombustion PlantsA. Robertson, H. Clisset, J. Shenker, M. Torpey, J. Van Hook, F. Zoldak,Foster Wheeler Development Corporation 539

A Method for the Dry Removal of Coal-Ash from BoilersJ. A. Regalbuto, Jet Research Center, Inc 549

Opportunities for Integrated Pollution Control RetrofitsJ. M. Markussen, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center;C. D. Livengood, Argonne National Laboratory *

SERIES V: NOVEL CONVERSION STRATEGDiS

SESSION 21


Chemical Feedstocks from Liquefaction

Co-Chairmen:

A. Kuhn, Dakota Gasification CompanyP. R. Worsham, Tennessee Eastman Company

Dakota Gasification Company's Development of Chemicals from Lignite CoalG. G. Baker, D. H. Duncan, A. Kuhn, D. J. Maas, Dakota GasificationCompany 561


Chemicals from the Sasol PlantA. Geertsema, SASOL Technology, Republic of South Africa 571

Future of Chemicals from CoalV. H. Agreda, P. R. Worsham, Tennessee Eastman Company 579

Selectivity Control in Iron Catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch SynthesisS. L. Soled, E. Iglesia, G. W. Rice, R. A. Fiato, Exxon Research &Engineering Company 593

SESSION 22


Indirect Liquefaction for Oxygenated Fuels

Co-Chairmen:

J. Kuo, Mobil Research and Development CorporationI. Wender, University of Pittsburgh

Improving Perspectives for Oxy-fuels (SURVEY)G. A. Mills, University of Delaware 605

Active Species for Mixed Alcohol Synthesis from CO-H, Over Mo/SiO 3

T. Tatsumi, A. Muramatsu, H. Tominaga, University of Tokyo, Japan 612

A Novel Synthesis of MethanolV. M. Palekar, J. W. Tierney, I. Wender, University of Pittsburgh 622

Single-Stage, Dual-Catalytic Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO-Rich SyngasS. Lee, M. R. Gogate, University of Akron; C. J. Kulik, EPRI 632

An Industry Perspective on Alternative FuelsC. E. Risch, Ford Motor Company *

SESSION 23


Coal Preparation

Co-Chairmen:

R. E. Hucko, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology CenterA. Fonseca, Consolidation Coal Company

Fine Grinding of Coal Using the Pitt MillL. A. Borzone, R. R. Oder, EXPORTech Company, Inc.; J. T. Hagy, Fort PittMachine Company 643


Progress in Advanced Physical Coal Cleaning by Spherical Agglomeration withSelective GrindingJ. Getsoian, Arcanum Corporation; M. Schaal, B. Lippsmeyer,Bechtel National, Inc *

Effects of Surface Modification Reagents on the Performance of a SelectiveAgglomeration Process for Fine Coal BeneficiationS. Kim, M. Ciocco, B. Morsi, S.-H. Chiang, Y. S. Cheng, A. Sharkey,J. Blachere, University of Pittsburgh 653

Desulfurization Using CO/Ethanol-Preliminary Tests with A1-Pound/Hour CFBRL. Wu, R. H. Shiley, Illinois Geological Survey; C. L. Knudson, R. O. Ness, Jr.,Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota *

SESSION E

Novel Conversion Strategies

Co-Chairmen:


Bnquetted Coal Made for Gasification Through Hot-Pressing and Modificationof Fine CoalM. Run-tian, C. Xiu-yu, X. Da-Zhuang, H. Congling, Tsinghua University, PRC . 665

Autogenous Carrier Flotation for Low-ash and Low-sulfur Coal ProductionB. K. Mishra, Q. Yu, W. Hu, University of Utah 671

Deoxygenation in the Processes of Brown Coal and Brown Coal DerivedLiquids HydrogenationJ. Surygala, E. Sliwka, R. Wandas, Technical Institute of Wroclaw, Poland *

Chemical Characterization of Coal Derived-Liquids Using Structural GroupAnalysisB. Nizinska-Bazaniak, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland; I. G. Dalla Lana,University of Alberta, Canada 680

Pretreatment Effects on Coal LiquefactionN. R. Pollack, R. P. Warzinski, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center;G. D. Holder, University of Pittsburgh 689


SESSION 24

UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

Applied Liquefaction

Co-Chairmen:

L. Anderson, University of UtahD. M. Bodily, University of Utah

Recent Progress in the Development of a Low-Temperature CoalDepolymerization-Liquefaction ProcedureJ. Shabtai, Y. Zhang, R. White, University of Utah 701

Non-Catalytic Oxidation of Water-Slurried Coal with Oxygen. A Promising NewRoute to Oxihumic and Oxifulvic AcidsJ. Dekker, I. J. Cronje, H. B. Louwrens, H. Swart, Energy Technology, CSIR,South Africa 703

Low-Temperature Depolymerization-Liquefaction of a Brown Coal from Victoria,AustraliaX. Zhang, J. Shabtai, University of Utah 709

Coal/Oil Coprocessing: Evaluation of Spent Catalyst for CascadingR. J. Parker, D. T. Fong, Alberta Research Council, Canada *

Applied Direct Coal LiquefactionE. Whitney, D. M. Bodily, University of Utah 711

SESSION 25


Economics of Commercial Direct Liquefaction Processes

Co-Chairmen:

R. E. Lumpkin, Amoco CorporationG. Kimber, British Coal Corporation

A Techno-Economic Evaluation of CANMET Coprocessing TechnologyM. Ikura, J. F. Kelly, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology,Canada 719

Improvements in the Cost of Liquid Fuels from Direct LiquefactionA. Basu, J. G. Masin, Amoco Corporation; N. C. Stewart, EPRI *

Transport Fuels from Coal: Modelling British Coal's Liquefaction ProcessN. Robinson, S. A. Moore, G. M. Kimber, M. D. Gray, British CoalLiquefaction Project, U.K. 729


Coal/Oil Coprocessing Retrofit Alternatives at a High Conversion RefineryS. N. Rao, H. D. Schindler, Bums & Roe Service Corporation; M. Eastman,U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center

Intergrating Coal Cleaning and Pyrolysis with Two-Stage Direct CoalLiquefaction: Assessment of the Technical and Economic PotentialD. Gray, G. C. Tomlinson, The MITRE Corporation; E. Wan, D. Moran,F. Karlson, T. Parsons, SAIC

739

750

SERIES VI: COMBUSTOR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

SESSION 26

ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Advanced Power Generator Technology

Co-Chairmen:

G. G. Poe, Electric Power Research InstituteR. Lisauskas, Riley Stoker Research Laboratory

Improved Pulverized Coal-Fired Power PlantsG. G. Poe, EPRI •

Emissions at Three Utility Fluidized-Bed Demonstration SitesR. Brown, J. Stallings, EPRI •

Emissions Control in a Coal-Fueled Gas Turbine Slagging CombustorP. J. Loftus, R. C. Diehl, AVCO Research Laboratory, Inc.; R. L. Bannister,P. W. Pillsbury, Westinghouse Electric Corporation 759

Coal-Burning Magnetohydrodynamic Power GenerationR. Kessler, AVCO Research Laboratory, Inc.; F. Hals, Consultant 769

SESSION 27

CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY

Cost for Environmental Controls

Co-Chairmen:

E. S. Rubin, Carnegie Mellon UniversityH. C. Frey, Carnegie Mellon University

Trends in Environmental Control Costs for Coal-Fired Power Plants inJapan (SURVEY)A. Kinoshita, Electric Power Development Company (EPDC), Japan *


Retrofit Costs of SO2 and NOx Control at 200 U.S. Coal-Fired Power PlantsT. E. Emmel, M. Maibodi, Radian Corporation; N. Kaplan, 17.5. EPA 783

SO2 Control Economic Analysis - 1990 UpdateR. J. Keeth, P. A. Ireland, United Engineers & Contractors, Inc.;P. T. Radcliffe, EPRI •

Reducing Costs of FGD RetrofitsS. M. Katzberger, D. G. Sloat, Sargent & Lundy; C. E. Dene, EPRI 795

Modeling Uncertainties in IGCC System Performance and CostH. C. Frey, E. S. Rubin, U. M. Diwekar, Carnegie Mellon University 805

SESSION 28

PENNSYLVANIA ENERGY & ELECTRIC RESEARCH COUNCIL

Applied Utility Combustion Research

Co-Chairmen:

J. Gibbons, Philadelphia Electric CompanyS. T. Higgins, Pennsylvania Electric Company

Snamprogetti Activity in Boilers Retrofit Using Coal-Water FuelF. Grinsi, Snamprogetti S.p.A. Milan, Italy 817

Utility Options to Comply with Acid Rain LegislationJ. H. Pohl, W. J. Schafer Associates, Inc *

Injection of Ammonia and Ammonia-Based Compounds for the Control ofNitrous Oxides at Homer CityS. T. Higgins, Pennsylvania Electric Company; R. E. Douglas, Consolidation CoalCompany 827

Effects of Increasing Coal Hardness and Volatility on Pilot-ScalePulverization and Combustion PerformanceR. E. Douglas, M. C. Mai, Consolidation Coal Company; R. D. Stoessner,Pennsylvania Electric Company 837


SESSION F

COMBUSTOR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

Co-Chairmen:


Advanced Electric Power Using MagnetohydrodynamicsC. A. Thomas, £7.5. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center *

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Particles Exposed to Volatile Matter ofBituminous Coal in a Fluidized BedH. Vural, Middle East Technical University, Turkey 855

Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Development at IET and the Conceptof Staged Separation and RecirculationD. Wang, Z. Pan, G. Yan, Y. Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PRC 865

The Effect of the Rate of Coal Particle Heating on the Devolatilisation andNOX Formation in a Fluidised Bed CombustorI. Gulyurtlu, A. Reforco, I. Cabrita, Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia eTechnologia Industrial, Portugal 873

NOX Removal by Ammonia AdditionB. M. Gibbs, W. U. Z. Khan, University of Leeds, U.K. •

Facilities and Procedures for FBC Fuel and Sorbent CharacterizationD . R . R o w l e y , M . A . P e r n a , M . K . D e l e y , T . J . F l y n n , B a b c o c k & Wilcox . . . . •

U-Gas Based Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle SystemA. Rehmat, A. Goyal, F. Lau, Institute of Gas Technology; K. Salo,R. Hokajarvi, Tampella Ltd *

A Combined Cycle Power Plant Based on Pressurized Circulating Fluid BedGasification and CombustionJ. J. O'Donnell, The M. W. Kellogg Company 879

Limestone-Based Regenerative Desulfurization Sorbents Tested Under AFBCConditions and Under IGCC ConditionsJ. Nijmeijer, H. A. Akse, J. Spitsbergen, University of Twente,The Netherlands *


SESSION 29


Coal/Waste Mixture Combustion

Co-Chairmen:

L. Ruth, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology CenterR. Diehl, AVCO Research Laboratory

Use of an Air Cooled Cyclone Coal Combustor to Convert Ash to Inert SlagB. Zauderer, E. S. Fleming, Coal Tech Corporation 893

A Cogeneration Microsite: Challenges for the Environmental and EngineeringDesign of the Material Handling SystemsC. M. Foltyn, V. C. Ionita, D. H. Stone, Bechtel Corporation 903

Co-Firing Coal and Hospital Wastes in an Atmospheric Fluidized BedCombustion UnitJ. W. Gunnett, L. A. Beck, Skelly & Loy; E. J. Coulthard, K. D. Oswald, DonleeTechnologies, Inc *

SESSION 30

MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER

Fluidized Beds

Co-Chairmen:

R. Dellefield, U. 5. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology CenterL. Carpenter, U.S.DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center

Operating Experience at Canada's First CFBC PlantV. Razbin, CANMET, Canada; D. MacDonald, R. McCarthy, R. Pickles,New Brunswick Electric Power Commission, Canada 913

Coal-Fired CFB Boilers with an Alternate Particle CollectorK. C. Alexander, D. J. Walker, Babcock & Wilcox 923

The 160-MW AFBC Demonstration Plant at Tennessee Valley Authority's FossilReservation Mid-1990 UpdateA. M. Manaker, E. A. Kopetz, Jr., Tennessee Valley Authority *

Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustion: A Commercialization OverviewL. K. Carpenter, G. A. Nelkin, L. A. Salvador, U.S. DOE, Morgantown EnergyTechnology Center 931

Extending PFBC Performance Using State-of-the-Art Steam Cycles*• L. Travers, U.S. Department of Energy; T. L. Buchanan, J. W. Mitchell,L- N. Rubow, Gilbert/Commonwealth, Inc *


xx i

SESSION G

SPECIAL TOPICS

Co-Chairmen:


The Influences of Coal Quality Alteration During Long Time Atmospheric PileStorage on Emissions Behaviour and Firing PerformanceA. Aumuller, N. Raffelsberger, EVN Energie-Versorgung-Niederosterreich-AG,Austria 943

Turbulent, Two-Phase Interaction in Round JetsM. A. Hassan, Cairo University, Egypt 953

Influence of Different Firing Parameters on the Performance of a PulverizedCoal FurnaceM. A. Hassan, M. A. Ismail, F. C. Lockwood, Imperial College of Science andTechnology, Great Britain 960

Innovative Coal Fired Mineral Wood Producing TechnologyJ. G. Hnat, W. F. Olix, L. M. Bartone, W. F. Talley, Vortec Corporation *

Modeling of Confined, Dilute, Particle-Laden, Turbulent, Coaxial Jets, Part I:Model FormulationM. A. Rizk, Bums and Roe Service Corporation; W. Fuches, £7.5. DOE, PittsburghEnergy Technology Center *

Modeling of Confined, Dilute, Particle-Laden, Turbulent, Coaxial Jets, Part II:Model VariationW. Fuches, £7.5. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center; M. A. Rizk, Burns andRoe Service Corporation *

Mathematical Modeling of Densely Loaded, Particle-Laden Turbulent FlowsM. A. Rizk, Bums and Roe Service Corporation 970

Variation Analysis of Coal HydrophobicityB. C. J. Labuschagne, Energy Technology, CSIR, South Africa; R. K. Guo,University of Cape Town, South Africa 999

FTIR Spectral Studies of Alkylated CoalS. Mishra, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, India 1012

Mechanical Properties of Concrete as Influenced by Inclusion of Fly Ash andTemperatureT. R. Naik, S. S. Singh, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee *

Relation Between Flotation Response of Coal and Presence of Double Bonding/IT Electrons/ in the Chemical Structure of Collectors and PromotersJ. Sablik, Central Mining Institute, Poland 1021

Cooperation of Coal Fired Power Generation with Hard Coal Mining Industryfor Reduction in Deterioration of the Natural EnvironmentL. Pluta, M. Janczarck, Central Mining Institute, Poland 1033

Coal Versus Gas: An Examination of Technology Choice in a Least CostExpansion Analysis FrameworkK. A. Guziel, D. W. South, Argonne National Laboratory *

The British Coal Topping Cycle Development ProgrammeA. J. Minchener, British Coal Corporation *

AUTHORS' INDEX 1043LATE PAPER DIRECTOR 1051



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Seventh Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference · PROCEEDINGS "Clean Coal Technology - Meeting Energy and Environmental Needs" Seventh Annual International Pittsburgh Coal