A

BH

Settling Zone

EFFECT OF PARTICLE AGGLOMERATION ON SETTLING

Figure by MIT OCW.

EFFECT OF TURBULENT DIFFUSION ON SETTLING

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Camp, T. R. "Studies of Sedimentation Basin Design." Sewage and Industrial Wastes

25, no. 1 (1953): 1-12.

Adapted from: Camp, T. R. "Studies of Sedimentation Basin Design." Sewage and Industrial Wastes

25, no. 1 (1953): 1-12.

Siphon

Cock

Sample of

suspension

Portion for

concentration test Sam

ple o

f Susp

ensio

n

Sludge

1

2

3

4

5

h5

h2

Const

ant

Tem

per

ature

wat

er b

ath

Apparatus For Quiescent Settling Analyses

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from Camp, T. R., 1946. Sedimentation and the

design of settling tanks. Transactions ASCE. Vol. 111, Pg. 895-936.

∆h1

∆h2

∆h3

∆h4

h4

h3

t1 t2 t3 t4 t5

R5 R4 R3 R2

R1

h2

h1

h5

40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

TIME

DE

PT

H

0.5 m

150 mm

Isopercent Removal Curves

Sampling Ports

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering:

Treatment and Reuse. 4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 369.

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.

Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 781.

Sludge

SludgeScum Scum

Scum box

Chains

Chains

Skimmer

Skimmer

Scraper board

Scraper board

Influent

Sludge hoppers

Sludge hoppers

Drive motor

Drive

Influent

Sprockets

B

A

Longitudinal Section

Plan

WS

Drawoff

Drawoff

Effluent

Effluent

Effluent troughs

RECTANGULAR SETTLING TANK

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Reynolds, T. D., and P. A. Richards. Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental

Engineering. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company, 1996, p. 249. ISBN: 0534948847.

Clarifier

Corner

blade

Corner blade

Guide

plate

Chain

Influent

channel

Influent pipe

channel

Blades

Counter weight

Drive Unit

Cage Blade Rake arm

Flocculator

Flash mixer

Chamber

Paddle

ChainDry well

Sprocket

Gear

motor

Sheaves

Sludge pocket

PLAN

Walk way

Effluent pipe

Effluent

Weir

Baffle

Stuffing box

Rake armConcrete pier

Handrail

Influent pipe

Flow

Cage

Flocculator & square sedimentation tank for water clarification, illustrating ceoss-flowoperation.

Top of tank Diffuser

Water level

Baffle

Sludge discharge pipe

Turntable

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment.

Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Rotation

Flume

Flocculation Skirt

Bridge

Collection trough

orifaces

Settling zoneSettling zone

Inlet port

Flocculation zone

Mixer

Collection Trough

Scraper Arm

Effluent

Effluent flume with submerged

Water level

Flocculator-clarifier provides mixing, flocculation, & sedimentation in a compartmented concentric circular tank.

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment.

Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Binnie, C., M. Kimber, and G. Smethurst. Basic Water Treatment. 3rd ed.

Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.

Figure by MIT OCW.Adapted from : Schulz, C. R., and D. A. Okun. Surface Water Treatement for Communities in Developing Countries.Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK.

Settl

ing

Bas

ins

Hydraulic

Chemical Room

Parshall Flume

Tapered Horizontal-Flow Flocculator at a plant in Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Flocculator

Alum Tanks