BCI Convention

29 April 2014

Setting the Scene:

Battery Technology R&D Roadmap 2030 for

Hybrid- and e-Mobility Vehicle Applications

Alfons Westgeest

Executive Director of EUROBAT

ISPRA 28-29 October 2015

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

Content

1. EUROBAT industrial landscape

2. 2030 R&D-Roadmap automotive battery technology

3. Economic impact (European Climate Foundation)

4. Energy storage and automotive

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29 April 2014

1. EUROBAT association and membership

Manufacturers and supply chain of automotive and

industrial batteries. Represents industry at EU level

Technology: Lead, Lithium, Sodium, Nickel

Exchanges expert information to stakeholders incl.

renewable energy storage and electrification of mobility

30,000 jobs in EMEA: industrial base

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29 April 2014

Battery Manufacturers

Supply Industry

Membership: Europe and Global

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29 April 2014

2. E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

• 2014 Review of Battery Technologies for Automotive

Applications

• Suitability of battery technologies in automotive sector

• EUROBAT e-mobility Roadmap looks at up to 2030

• Identifies 6 R&D priority areas for improvements

• Together the Reports give a comprehensive picture of

battery technologies for all vehicle applications

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29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

• 6 R&D priority areas:

• Specific recommendations to progress in these areas are

identified.

• Focus on three battery technologies which we predict will

have the greatest potential for further technological

improvements and competitiveness over next decade:

1. Advanced lead-based batteries

2. Lithium-ion based batteries

3. Sodium based batteries

• See Annex and online Report with full details

Targets of the Roadmap

• Performances

• Cost

• System integration

• Production process

• Safety

• Recycling

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

Types of vehicles covered in the roadmap

• Full-hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)

• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)

• Electric vehicles (EVs)

• Start-stop vehicles

• Micro-hybrid, advanced micro-

hybrid and mild-hybrid vehicles

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

(Micro-) Hybridisation of transport is needed to

meet EU CO2, NOx…emissions targets: by

installing of the start-stop and micro-hybrid batteries

now on all combustion engine cars.

New combinations of advanced batteries are being

launched.

Full transport electrification: Battery technological

developments will further improve and strengthen in

performance, affordability and reliability for

application in hybrid and full electric vehicles.

Hybridisation

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

Hybridisation and electrification and job creation (2014

report European Climate Foundation

with EUROBAT input).

European Climate Foundation

3. Economic Impact Studies

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29 April 2014

European Climate Foundation

Job creation

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

European Climate Foundation

National impact

Benefits of shifting to low-

carbon vehicles by 2030

in the UK:

25 November 2015, Paris: launch event of the ECF Report

“En route pour un transport durable”

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

4. Battery Energy Storage (BES) for grid

flexibility, RES and self-consumption

Distribution Level

BES can smoothen electricity supply from Renewable Energy

Sources (RES) to match with demand, controlling power flow,

mitigating congestion and maintaining constant voltage.

Customer Level

BES store electricity when not needed and

discharge it when needed, considerably

increasing self-consumption levels

Start-stop, Hybrid, E-mobility and Demand Response

Plug-in and Electric vehicles increasingly connected to

the grid offer opportunities to help balance grid load

patterns by demand response, through delayed or speed

of charge for peak-shaving and buffering

Unlocking

for services

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29 April 2014

Conclusions:

Commitments to the future

1. Improve performance and affordability of all battery technologies

to further technological, economical and job development.

2. Competitiveness of Europe’s battery industry with R&D funding for all battery technologies

to keep a window of opportunity to build batteries in Europe

3. Battery applications are solutions for hybridization in mobility and for storage

to allow growing renewable energy: flexibility in electrification and self-consumption.

4. Working together with regulators and stakeholders across Europe and in USA.

to build trust, compliance and transparency for a sustainable future.

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29 April 2014

-Thank You - For more information

Download our reports here:

www.eurobat.org

Contact awestgeest@eurobat.org

Tel: + 32 2761 1653

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

ANNEX

Additional information

On the hybrid and e-mobility R&D Roadmap

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

Advanced lead-based batteries: priorities

Technological performance • Improving the conductivity with new additives to the active material (carbon nanotechnologies) • Increase of charge acceptance with high surface doping material • Lighter-weighting solutions – the use of lighter materials as a conductive substrate (Cu, Al, C, etc.) Lower cost • Use of high-volume cost-optimized carbon materials as additives • Increased usage of secondary materials • Development of fully automated processes for new advanced designs (e.g. bipolar, spiral wound) • Optimization of battery design for end-of-life recycling and remanufacturing

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

Advanced lead-based batteries: priorities

Safety Parameters • Lead-based batteries are safe due to the use of non-flammable electrolytes

Recycling • Closed-loop recycling system established in the EU • Nearly 100% recycling rate, higher than any other mass-market consumer product, leaving

virtually no room for improvement.

System Integration • Electronic devices to adjust the state of

charge to real working conditions • Advanced thermal solutions to enable a

wider range of operating conditions Process Optimization: Already automated, improvements are possible for:

• Active material preparation • Cureless plate production • Close loop formation

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

Lithium-based batteries: priorities

Technological performance • Energy density can be improved by developing

electrode materials with a high specific capacity, or by developing cells using higher voltage chemistry

• Power density improvement through optimised design, improved manufacturability and high performance current collectors

• Improvement of battery’s thermal management system can extend the lifetime to 10-15y by 2030

Lower cost • Research into cell materials can increase the capacity of batteries • Lower-cost casing options • Targeted standardisation of battery sizes • Manufacturing at scale

System Integration • Standardization of interfaces • Improvement of thermal management • Light weighting solutions • Improvement in electrical components

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

Lithium-based batteries: priorities

Safety Parameters • Development of high-efficiency monitoring functions • Cell diagnostic and supervision systems to support understanding of aging

Recycling • Li-ion batteries meet the average recycling rate of 50% mandated for this family in the EU Batteries

Directive • Value chain principles for design for recycling and remanufacturing • Development of a use for slags containing metal phosphates

Process Optimization: • Reduce the environmental footprint of the

manufacturing process • Alternative process to ink mixing • Functional integration of current electrode and cell

process steps • Electrical formation

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

Sodium-based batteries: priorities

Technological performance • Power density will be improved through improved

design and materials in the cell components, research on advanced ceramics and innovative cell geometry

• Life cycle to be improved by advanced thermal management and improvement of vehicle integration

• Energy density to be improved through optimisation of cathode composition

Lower cost • Improvements to the ceramic electrolyte production process • Introduction of improved materials for thermal insulation • Industrialization of a new ceramic production process • Component supply chain optimisation

System Integration • Codesign and standardisation • Mechanical integration of the battery to the vehicle • Development of communication standards among the components of the vehicle • Reduction of the energy necessary to maintain the temperature in the required operational range

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030

Sodium-based batteries: priorities

Safety Parameters Sodium nickel chloride technology is already considered to be intrinsically safe. Possible improvements focused on: • more efficient cooling systems • increased tolerance against abuse condition • continuous product upgrade according to incoming

automotive safety standards

Process Optimization: • Lean manufacturing of battery assembly process • Automatic quality control for ceramic assembly

Recycling Recycling is not considered an issue for sodium nickel chloride batteries. All common materials are unaffected by possible shortages and are easily recyclable.

BCI Convention

29 April 2014

Advanced lead-based batteries

• For start-stop vehicles and micro-hybrid vehicles

• Key priorities: improve performance and lower cost for the mass Micro-

Hybrid vehicle market

Lithium-ion batteries

• For electric vehicles and all types of hybrid vehicles

• Key priorities: increase energy density, power density and to lower cost,

with different performance priorities for each application

Sodium-nickel chloride batteries

• For commercial and professional vehicles, LCV to Heavy duty, in pure

electric and plug-in hybrid configuration

• Key priorities: production process, systems integration, cost reduction are

the primary development targets for this technology

Battery technologies and key priorities

E-mobility Battery R&D Roadmap 2030