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Setting a Target for M aternal Mortality. Marjorie Koblinsky, USAID Thomas Pullum , MEASURE DHS Tessa Wardlaw , Danzhen You, UNICEF Lale Say, Doris Chou (WHO) Sam Whipple (KMS) Sept 5, 2013 Original presentation condensed . 1. Setting a target for maternal mortality. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Setting a Target for Maternal Mortality
Marjorie Koblinsky, USAIDThomas Pullum, MEASURE DHS
Tessa Wardlaw, Danzhen You, UNICEFLale Say, Doris Chou (WHO)
Sam Whipple (KMS)
Sept 5, 2013Original presentation condensed
1
1. Setting a target for maternal mortality
Characteristics : ambitious but plausible; should accelerate progress
Four key components to target setting:
– End year: Focus here on 2035, but actual value is TBD (MDG 5: 1990-2015)
– Indicator: MMR or # maternal deaths, LTR, other? (MDG 5: MMR)
– Annual Rate of Reduction (ARR) does not have to be constant, but the average value should be feasible, aggressive
(MDG 5: ARR of 5.5%)
– End value: Determined by the choice of end year and ARR, with rounding (MDG 5: 25% of the start value, or a decline of 75%--a relative target—over 25 year period) 2
• Global MMR: 210 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2010
• Global number of maternal deaths: 287,000 in 2010• 77 countries already reached an MMR of 50 or lower; among
them, 58 already reached an MMR of 30 or lower• 26 countries still had an MRR more than 400 deaths per
100,000 live births
Statistics & Monitoring Section/DPS
Table 1: Number of Countries with specific ranges of MMR in 2010 (n=189)
MMR≤30 30<MMR≤50
50<MMR≤100
100<MMR≤200
200<MMR≤500
MMR>400
Number of countries
58 19 35 16 35 26
1. Indicator: Present MMR
4
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y R
atio
(per
100
,000
live
birt
hs)
543,000 deaths annually
287,000 deaths annually
4.1% Annual Rate of MMR Reduc-
tion 2000-2010
5.6% Annual Rate of MMR
Reduction 2010-2035
Accelerated Trend
4.1% Annual Rate of MMR
Reduction 2010-2035
Current trend
Global MMR
OECD Upper Limit MMR
2015 MDGMMR=100
Source: UN Estimates for Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990-2010.World Health Organization, 2012.
74
50
2. Absolute Target: Historical trends and projections, MMR = 50 by 2035, worldwide
5
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tion
(per
100
,000
live
birt
hs)
Asia, excl. India and China
India
Sub-Saharan Africa
Global MMR
OECD Countries - Upper Limit
Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Lao, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, VietNam, YemenAfrica: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
225
50
Current AAR 2000-2010
AAR to Reach MMR = 50
Sub-Saharan Africa -3.7% -8.9%India -6.5% -5.4%Asia, excluding India and China -4.8% -5.1%Global -4.1% -5.6%
2. Absolute Target: Historical trends and projections
MMR = 50 by 2035, regions
Statistics & Monitoring Section/DPS
ARR≤1 1<ARR≤2 2<ARR≤3 3<ARR≤4 4<ARR≤5 5<ARR≤6 ARR>6
Number of countries
20 36 40 32 23 10 20
Table 2: Number of Countries with specific ranges of ARR in 2000-2010
• Global ARR: 3.1% in 1990-2010; 4.1% in 2000-2010
• Only 20 countries had an ARR more than 6%; among them, only 5 countries had an ARR more than 8%
• Plausible ARR range: 5-7%
2. Absolute target: Annual rates of reduction (ARR)
8
50
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Current ARR ARR to Reach 2000-2010 MMR=50Afghanistan -7.5% -8.5%Bangladesh -5.0% -6.1%Nepal -7.2% -4.8%Pakistan -3.7% -6.4%
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Nepal
Bangladesh
Source: UN Estimates for Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990-2010.World Health Organization, 2012.
2. Absolute target: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan
9
3. Relative Target: 2010 and 2035 MMR Estimates (85% Reduction; ARR=7.3%)
MMR<1515≤MMR<3030≤MMR<60MMR≥60
MMR<100100≤MMR<200200≤MMR<400
MMR≥400
2010 Estimate 2035 Target
10
Already achieved MMR≤500≤ARR<4%4%≤ARR<8%ARR≥8%
Required ARR to Reach MMR=50
2. Absolute target: Countries Require Different Annual Rates of Reduction to Achieve MMR=50 by
2035
• Afghanistan*: 46069• Angola: 45068• Bangladesh*: 24036• Burundi: 800120• Cameroon: 690104• Central African Republic: 890134• Chad: 1100165• Congo: 56084• DRC*: 54081• Ethiopia*: 35053• Ghana: 35053• Guinea: 61092• Guinea-Bissau: 790119• Haiti*: 35053• India*: 20030• Indonesia*: 22033• Ivory Coast*: 40060• Kenya*: 36054• Laos: 47071• Lesotho: 62093
11
3. Relative Target: MCH Priority Countries with 2035 Projection (85% Reduction, ARR=7.3%)
• Liberia*: 770116• Madagascar*: 24036• Malawi*: 46069• Mali*: 54081• Mauritania: 51077• Mozambique*: 49074• Nepal*: 17026• Niger: 59089• Nigeria*: 63095• Pakistan*: 26039• Rwanda*: 34051• Senegal*: 37056• Sierra Leone: 890134• Somalia: 1000150• Sudan*: 730110• Tanzania*: 46069• Uganda*: 31047• Yemen*: 20030• Zambia*: 44066• Zimbabwe*: 57086
Source: UN Estimates for Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990-2010.World Health Organization, 2012. * MCH Priority Country
4. Key points and questions
• Indicator: Should we continue with the MMR? • Absolute Target depends on current MMR, end year
– Does a GLOBAL indicator make sense? Absolute country targets make achieving goals difficult for high MMR countries, particularly sub-Saharan African countries.
– ARR trajectory: Depends on country’s current MMR• Should high MMR countries aim for higher MMR in 2035 (MMR=100)? • Should low MMR countries focus on equity (high MMR subpopulations)? • Should we set 5 year milestones?
• Plausible Relative Target will depend on the end year– 2035: 80% decline, global MMR target=50– 2030: 70% decline, global MMR target=60 – 2025: 60% decline, global MMR target=80 or 90
Setting a Target for Maternal Mortality
In LAC
Peg Marshall, USAID Kelsey Wright (KMS)
November 14, 2013
13
Trends shown in these slides include:-Projections to 2035 using current ARR-Projections to 2035 using goal of MMR=50 by 2035-Projections to 2035 using goal of 50% reduction in MMR-Projections to 2035 using goal of 75% reduction in MMR
14
• Current ARRs are based on 1990-2010 estimates
• Regional Averages are weighted by live births from 1990-2010
Weighted Regional Projections
15
*Countries included in weighted analysis are: Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Paraguay, United StatesSources: (1) MMR data from WHO (2012). Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2010; (2) Live births data from U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base; (3) Census Bureau Table of Live Births 1909-2003 (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statab/natfinal2003.annvol1_01.pdf)
Weighted Average of Selected LAC Countries*
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
30
50
29.1695170031427
14.5847585015713
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Weighted Average of Selected LAC Countries*
ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -2.6 30MMR=50 -0.6 5050% Reduction -2.7 2975% Reduction -5.4 15
Select LAC Countries where Current MMR ARR is Positive (MMR is increasing)
17
Positive MMR ARRs in the LAC Region
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
18
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
10
20
30
40
50
60
29
50
6
3
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve
birt
hs)
Canada ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 3.5 29MMR=50 5.9 5050% Reduction -2.7 6 75% Reduction -5.4 3
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
100
200
300
400
500
600
486
50
14069.9999999999
999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve
birt
hs)
Guyana ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 2.2 486MMR=50 -6.7 5050% Reduction -2.7 14075% Reduction -5.4 70
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
10
20
30
40
50
60
43
50.0000000000001
20
9.99999999999999M
ater
nal M
orta
lity R
atio
(per
100
,000
live
bi
rths
)
Costa Rica
ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 0.3 43MMR=50 0.9 5050% Reduction -2.7 2075% Reduction -5.4 10
Positive MMR ARRs in the LAC Region
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 19
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
10
20
30
40
50
60
42
49.9999999999999
10.5
5.24999999999999M
ater
nal M
orta
lity
Ratio
(per
100
,000
live
bi
rths
)
United States of America ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 2.8 42MMR=50 3.5 5050% Reduction -2.7 1175% Reduction -5.4 5
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
300
240
5055
27.5Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve
birt
hs)
Jamaica ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -3.2 240MMR=50 -3.1 5050% Reduction -2.7 5575% Reduction -5.4 28
Canada MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 20
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
10
20
30
40
50
60
29
50
6
3
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Canada
ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 3.5 29MMR=50 5.9 5050% Reduction -2.7 6 75% Reduction -5.4 3
Costa Rica MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 21
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
10
20
30
40
50
60
43
50.0000000000001
20
9.99999999999999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Costa Rica ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 0.3 43MMR=50 0.9 5050% Reduction -2.7 2075% Reduction -5.4 10
Guyana MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 22
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
100
200
300
400
500
600
486
50
140
69.9999999999999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Guyana ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 2.2 486MMR=50 -6.7 5050% Reduction -2.7 14075% Reduction -5.4 70
Jamaica MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 23
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
300
240
5055
27.5
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Jamaica ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -3.2 240MMR=50 -3.1 5050% Reduction -2.7 5575% Reduction -5.4 28
U.S. MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 24
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
10
20
30
40
50
60
42
49.9999999999999
10.5
5.24999999999999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
United States of America
ARR 2035 MMRCurrent 2.8 42MMR=50 3.5 5050% Reduction -2.7 1175% Reduction -5.4 5
Select LAC Countries where 50% Reduction by 2035 is equal to or below MMR=50
25
50% Reduction by 2035 is ≤MMR=50
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 26
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
22
50
28
14
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve
birt
hs)
Brazil ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -3.8 22MMR=50 -4.5 5050% Reduction -2.7 28 75% Reduction -5.4 14
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
43
49.999999999999946
23Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00
live
birt
hs)
Columbia ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -3.0 43MMR=50 -2.4 5050% Reduction -2.7 46 75% Reduction -5.4 23
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
78
50
49.5
24.75
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve
birt
hs)
Paraguay
ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -1.0 78MMR=50 -2.7 5050% Reduction -2.7 5075% Reduction -5.4 25
Brazil MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 27
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
22
50
28
14
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Brazil ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -3.8 22MMR=50 -4.5 5050% Reduction -2.7 28 75% Reduction -5.4 14
Colombia MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 28
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
43
49.999999999999946
23
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Columbia ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -3.0 43MMR=50 -2.4 5050% Reduction -2.7 46 75% Reduction -5.4 23
Paraguay MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 29
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
78
50
49.5
24.75Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Paraguay ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -1.0 78MMR=50 -2.7 5050% Reduction -2.7 5075% Reduction -5.4 25
30
Select LAC Countries where 75% Reduction by 2035 is equal to or below MMR=50
75% Reduction by 2035 is ≤MMR=50
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 31
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
6550
94.9999999999999
47.4999999999999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve
birt
hs)
Bolivia ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -4.2 65MMR=50 -5.2 5050% Reduction -2.7 95 75% Reduction -5.4 48
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
93
50
74.9999999999999
37.4999999999999M
ater
nal M
orta
lity
Ratio
(per
100
,000
live
bi
rths
)
Dominican Repub-lic ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -1.9 93MMR=50 -4.3 5050% Reduction -2.7 7575% Reduction -5.4 38
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
84
5060
30
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00
live
birt
hs)
Guatemala
ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -1.4 84MMR=50 -3.4 5050% Reduction -2.7 6075% Reduction -5.4 30
Bolivia MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 32
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
65
50
94.9999999999999
47.4999999999999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Bolivia ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -4.2 65MMR=50 -5.2 5050% Reduction -2.7 95 75% Reduction -5.4 48
Dominican Republic MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 33
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
93
50
74.9999999999999
37.4999999999999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Dominican Republic ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -1.9 93MMR=50 -4.3 5050% Reduction -2.7 7575% Reduction -5.4 38
Guatemala MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 34
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
84
50
60
30Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Guatemala ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -1.4 84MMR=50 -3.4 5050% Reduction -2.7 6075% Reduction -5.4 30
Select LAC countries where no projections for 2035 are below MMR=50
35
Haiti MMR Projections
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012. 36
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
171
50.0000000000001
175
87.4999999999999
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Haiti ARR 2035 MMRCurrent -2.8 171MMR=50 -7.5 5050% Reduction -2.7 17575% Reduction -5.4 88
37
2010 Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Selected LAC Countries
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
38
2035 Projected Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Selected LAC Countries (Current ARR)
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
39
2035 Projected Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Selected LAC Countries (ARR to reach 50% reduction in MMR)
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
40
2035 Projected Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Selected LAC Countries (ARR to reach 75% reduction in MMR)
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
2010 MMR Estimates vs. 2035 MMR Projections in Selected LAC Countries
2010 MMR Estimates 2035 MMR Projections (Current ARR)
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
42
2035 MMR Projections (ARR to reach 75% Reduction)
2035 MMR Projections (ARR to reach 50% Reduction)
2035 MMR Projections in Selected LAC Countries: 50% vs. 75% reduction
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
43
2010 ARR in Selected LAC Countries
Source: Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. World Health Organization, 2012.
• Our recommendations for future targets which include the diversity and special needs of the region are???
44
Thank you!
45
46
47
48
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-10
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Current ARR ARR to Reach 2000-2010 MMR=50Sri Lanka -4.9% 1.4%Thailand -3.1% 0.2%Sri Lanka
Thailand50
10
22
Source: UN Estimates for Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990-2010.World Health Organization, 2012.
2. Absolute target: Sri Lanka & Thailand
49
3. Relative Target: 2010 and 2035 MMR Estimates (75% Reduction; ARR=5.5%)
MMR<100100≤MMR<200200≤MMR<400
MMR≥400
MMR<2525≤MMR<5050≤MMR<100MMR≥100
2010 Estimate 2035 Target
50Source: UN Estimates for Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990-2010.World Health Organization, 2012.
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
50
100
150
200
250
300
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
58
75% ReductionARR=5.5%
Bangladesh 2010 MMR=240, ARR=5.0%
36
85% ReductionARR=7.3%
41
Nepal 2010 MMR=170, ARR=7.2%
26
3. Relative target for MMR: Bangladesh & Nepal--75% and 85%
51Source: UN Estimates for Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990-2010.World Health Organization, 2012.
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y Ra
tio (p
er 1
00,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
9
China 2010, MMR=37, ARR=4.9%
6
Sri Lanka 2010 MMR=35ARR=4.9%
5
75% ReductionARR=5.5%
85% ReductionARR=7.3%
3. Relative target for MMR: China & Sri Lanka --75% and 85%
52