Setia International Centre Analysis

8/11/2019 Setia International Centre Analysis

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Figure 1: Skylights in the main sales gallery.

[Taken by: Lee Jia Xin]

Figure 2: Main sales gallery with skylight.

[Source:http://khimmy.smugmug.com/Architecture/KL-EcoCity-SIC/i-PwG8Mnm]
http://khimmy.smugmug.com/Architecture/KL-EcoCity-SIC/i-PwG8Mnmhttp://khimmy.smugmug.com/Architecture/KL-EcoCity-SIC/i-PwG8Mnmhttp://khimmy.smugmug.com/Architecture/KL-EcoCity-SIC/i-PwG8Mnmhttp://khimmy.smugmug.com/Architecture/KL-EcoCity-SIC/i-PwG8Mnm


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Figure 3: Glass panel roof.


Figure 4: Glass walls at front faade.

[Taken by: Charlene Chan]


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Figure 5: Glass walls at side of the building.



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Solar panels

Solar panels are being installed on the roof of the building. These panels capture sunlight and solar

energy. These energy are then converted into electrical energy, generating efficient electricity to

light up parts of the building.

Figure 6: Solar Panels on the rooftop


Rainwater harvesting and recycling

The International Centre also has rainwater harvesting features. Piping are installed to collect the

rainwater from the roof. These water are then being recycled for other usage such as to fill up the

water in the pool.

Efficient air-conditioning system

The air-conditioning in the building is designed for occupancy comfort and low energy consumption.

The efficient system saves much energy and also a sum for the expenses of the building.

Sun-shading

Several sun-shading devices are used in the building, such as louvers, egg-crate sun-shading device

and outdoor walkway canopy.

Louvers are placed over the skylights to prevent excessive sunlight from shining into the offices

(Figure 6). This is to prevent sun glare. Another type of louver is the manually adjustable ones fitted

under the skylights so that the amount of sunlight shining in can be controlled accordingly (Figure 7

& 8).


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Figure 6: Louvers over skylights.

Figure 7 & 8: Manually adjustable louvers fitted under the skylight.


Walkway canopies on the side of the building shades users walking from the car park to the sales

gallery and office (Figure 9). Egg-crate sun-shading devices are also placed outside windows to

minimise the direct penetration of sunlight into the building (Figure 10).

Refer passive design elements for further elaboration.


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Figure 9: Walkway canopy for shade.


Figure 10: Egg-crate sun-shading devices at windows.



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LOCATION MAP/SITE PLAN

Setia International Centre (SIC) is located along Jalan Bangsar adjacent to the Abdullah Hukum LRT

Station within the premises of the KL Eco City project by Malaysia's leading property developer, SP

Setia.


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PLAN


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Climate Data

Chart 1

Chart 1 shows the climate summary of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during the year 2011. The temperature

in Kuala Lumpur is quite constant as it does not have a rapid change in temperature. The maximum

temperature recorded is 34 degree Celsius and the minimum temperature is 22 degree Celsius.

However, the average temperature in Kuala Lumpur is around 28 degree Celsius. Temperature is

usually lower at the end of the year and higher during April and May.


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Relative Humidity

Chart 2

The chart states average relative humidity of Kuala Lumpur during the year 2011. According to the

statistic, the highest humidity recorded is 85% of the average relative humidity, and it only takes place

at the South-East and South-West directions. On the other hand, the lowest humidity recorded is 15%

of the average relative humidity for all directions except for North-East direction. The most frequent

average relative humidity of Kuala Lumpur is 55%.


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Wind Studies

Chart 3

The chart above shows the wind frequency of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from the 1stof January to the31stof December 2011. According to the chart, the highest wind frequency happens in all directions

which are less than 22 hours; the lowest wind frequency happens at the North direction which is

more than 228 hours. It can be concluded that the wind frequency is the highest at the east

direction and lowest at the North-West and South-West direction. Therefore, the architect of Setia

International Centre designed the entrance of the building facing east in order to have maximum air

ventilation.


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SUN PATH ANALYSIS

SUNPATH 2NDAPRIL 0900

Figure 11

Figure 11 shows the sun path on 2ndof April 0900. During that time, the North-West side of the building is

completely shaded.


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Figure 12

Figure 12 shows the sun path on 2ndof April 1200. During that time, the North-East side of the building is still

completely shaded but less shadow was casted on the ground.


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Figure 13

Figure 13 shows the sun path on 2ndof April 1600. During that time, the surface of the building facing North-

West is shaded while other parts are exposed to the sunlight.


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SUNPATH 21st JUNE 1200

Figure 15

Figure 15 shows the sun path on 21st of June 1200. During that time, the building surfaces facing north-east

are completely shaded but there is no shadow casted on the ground.


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SUNPATH 21st JUNE 1600

Figure 16

Figure 16 shows the sun path on 21st of June 1600. During that time, the building surfaces facing north-east

and south-east are completely shaded.


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Egg crate shading device

2NDAPRIL 0900

During 2ndof April 0900, the egg crate shading device helps to block 85% of the sunlight

from penetrating into the interior space.

2NDAPRIL 1200

During 2ndof April 1200, the egg crate shading device helps to block 90% of the sunlight



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21stJUNE 0900

During 21st of April 0900, the egg crate shading device helps to block 99% of the sunlight


21stJUNE 1200

During 21stof April 1200, the egg crate shading device helps to block 96% of the sunlight



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2 Main Passive Design Features

a) Sun Shading

Setia International Centre faces east, and has a longer front and rear faade, compared to the side

facades of the building. Thus longer hours of sunlight are transmitted into the rear faade of thebuilding, as compared to the other facades. The spaces that are exposed to the long hours of

daylight everyday are the office and restrooms. These spaces do not require a large amount of

sunlight throughout the day, therefore the rear faade of the building has installed many sun

shading devices, blocking a large amount of sunlight from the spaces in the building. However,

exterior shadings are greatly preferred over interior shadings as it is important to keep the solar

radiation or heat from entering the building.

- Egg-crate shading device

The egg-crate solar shading device is a combination of vertical and horizontal shading elements.

They are more commonly used in hot climate regions like Malaysia, because of their high shading

efficiencies. The horizontal elements control ground glare from reflected solar rays, while the

vertical elements control direct penetration of sunlight into the spaces throughout the day.

Figure 17

Figure 17 shows eggcrate sun-shading devices being installed onto the walls of the rear faade of the building.

Sunlight are immediately shaded from the building, and only a limited amount of daylight has entered the

building.


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Sketch 1

Sketch 1 shows how the sunlight ray is blocked from the spaces inside by the eggcrate device. The eggcrate

sun-shading device is also arranged in a way where the view of the surrounding is not restricted from the

spaces inside, and yet being able to shade the spaces.

Figure 18

Figure 18 shows a simplified diagram on how the different arrangements of eggcrate sun-shading device canaffect its efficiency for blocking the penetration of daylight into the building throughout the day.


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Sketch 2

Sketch 2 shows how the vegetation has blocked the penetration of the direct sunlight into the building. The

vegetation also gives a cooling effect on the opposite side of the sunlight, leaving a cool atmosphere in the

building.

Sketch 3

Sketch 3 shows another view of how sunlight is blocked by the vegetation, and shading is given to the bulding.


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Sketch 4

Sketch 4 shows how heat and light from the sun is omitted once it reaches the tint of the window. Thus, the

spaces in the building is cooler and dimmer, giving a comfortable range of environment to the users inside.

Figure 19

Figure 19 shows the different types of eggcrate sun-shading device that would vary the level of shading into

the building.


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- Walkway Canopy

Walkway Canopy is designed and placed at the entrance of the building, and the pathway towards

the building from the car park. This is to shade the visitors as they walk to and fro the building during

the day, when the sun is at its hottest. The roof panels of the walkway canopy are made up of

polycarbonate panels, with aluminium framing. These polycarbonate panels have a range of solartints that block damaging UV rays while allowing various levels of light transmission onto the

walkways.

Figure 20

Figure 20 shows polycarbonate panels shading effectively along the walkway canopy.

Figure 21

Figure 21 shows the walkway canopy being placed at the entrance of the building to shade the visitors as they

enter or depart the building.


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- Tinted Black Windows

Tinted glazing windows are used at the west elevations and south elevations of the buildings, where

most of the daylight are transmitted into the spaces such as office and restrooms. The tinted glazing

windows reduce glare from the bright outdoors and reduce the amount of solar energy transmitted

through the glass into the building, allowing a visual comfort to the users inside the buildingthroughout the day.

Figure 22

Figure 22 shows tinted glazed curtain wall of the rear faade of the building, allowing only a certain amount of

light into the building.

Figure 23

Figure 23 shows tinted glazed windows at the side faade of the building.


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- Vegetation Shading

Vegetation is in fact a powerful tool in shading, as well as in reducing solar radiation, wind and

precipitation and trees planted well can save up to 30 percent of a building's total energy

requirement. Trees and vegetation can be used to provide shade where it is seasonally beneficial. In

hot places, plants and trees, planted in front of a window do not only reduce solar radiation but alsothe evaporation process also helps to cool the air.

Figure 24

Figure 24 shows vegetative shading on the curtain wall of the front faade of the building.

Figure 25

Figure 25 shows vegetative shading installed along the entire front faade of the building, to keep the interior

of the building cool and shaded.


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Interior

- Blinds

Blinds are used in the spaces that are facing east and north of the buildings, to control the amount of

light emitted into the building during the day, depending on the activities carried out in the spaces.

Figure 26

Figure 26 shows blinds being installed to manipulate the amount of daylight entering the space to the users

desire.


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b) Day Lighting

Setia International Centre is designed to achieve GBI gold rating, featuring daylight harvesting. It is

designed for comfort of occupants and low energy consumption.

Faade studies:

The faade of Setia International Centre faces east, where the sun rises. It has a longer front faade,

compared to the side facades of the building. By manipulating the orientation of the building,

sunlight is brought into the building. The faade of the building uses clear glass panels, allowing large

amount of sunlight to penetrate through the building. The spaces that receive sunlight through the

front faade include the reception counter and multipurpose hall. The side facades of the building

have minimal openings to avoid unnecessary heat penetration to the building to maintain thermal

comfort for the occupants. Also, most of the spaces in the side facades do not require much amount

of daylight throughout the day.

Figure 27

Figure 27 shows clear glass panels installed in the Banquet to allow maximum daylight to enter the space

throughout the day.


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- Skylights

Skylights are widely used in Setia International Centre. Skylight elements are designed to bring in

light to centralized area of the building. Other than on top of the exhibition space, it can be also

found in offices. Other than that, Setia International Centre uses light coloured walls as reflecting

elements, taking the captured daylight to reflect it further inside. By maximizing daylighting in thesespaces, less electrical lighting will be used, thus saving costs to the building and also reducing

environmental impacts.

Although skylight elements are used sufficiently, daylights that penetrate through the building are

often found glaring. To resolve the problem, the architect has come to a conclusion to add in

translucent roller blinds below the skylight elements, having occupants to control the brightness of

the spaces themselves. Other than that, in more public spaces, louvers are added on top of the

skylight elements to control the amount of daylight that penetrates through to the spaces below.

Figure 28

Figure 28 shows several skylights installed into the ceiling to allow maximum sunlight to enter the lobby area,

as to showcase the exhibitions held there.


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Sketch 5

Sketch 5 shows sufficient daylight is allowed to penetrate through window opening into offices. Partial of

daylight is blocked to avoid glare from sunlight.

A B

Sketch 6

Sketch 6 (A) shows louvers that is adjustable created under skylight, to control the amount of daylight that

penetrate through into the office.

Sketch 6 (B) shows another type of louver created, instead of being indoor and adjustable, it is outdoor andunable to adjust. This is also to control amount of sunlight that shines into the office.


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- Supplementary Lightings

Halogen downlights are used as supplement lightings for the excellent quality of light produced. It is

sharp, reliable and mimic natural light. By using Halogen downlights, it balances out light brought in

by skylight and retains visual comfort for the occupants. LED lights are not used due to the concerns

of lower CRI (colour rendering index) which will affect the faithfulness of the colours of the

showcases.

Figure 29

Figure 29 shows the design of a halogen downlight that is installed onto the ceilings of the building.

Sketch 7

Sketch 7 shows that skylight units are placed focus on exhibition space, which requires more light into the

space for visual comfort.


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- Lux Level Sensor

Lux Level Sensor is placed near external glazing and close to sunlight to control the dimness of theelectrical lightings. When skylight brings in sufficient light to the spaces, electrical supplementary

lightings will be reduced. This is done to retain visual comfort of the spaces.

Figure 30

Figure 30 shows the lux level sensor that is installed onto the ceiling of the building.


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Summary Chart

Below is a summary of the passive design features used in the building mentioned, Setia

International Centre, Kuala Lumpur. The following design strategy has been used by the

building to aid in the passive design aspect (sun-shading and daylighting) of the building.

No. Building Science Aspect Design Strategy

1. Sun shading Egg-crate sun-shading

Walkway Canopy

Tinted Black Windows

Vegetation Shading

Blinds (Interior)

2. Daylighting Skylights throughout the whole building

Supplementary lightings

Lux Level Sensor

Figure 31

Figure 31 shows the area of passive design features used in the building.


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REFERENCES

IEN Consultants, NA. Setia International Centre. [online] Available at:

http://www.ien.com.my/projects/sic.html[Accessed 5 May 2014]

Local Pages MY, 2014. Setia International Centre. [online] Available at:http://www.localpages.my/listing/setia-international-centre.html[Accessed 5 May 2014]

SmugMug, 2014. Setia International Centre. [online] Available at:

http://khimmy.smugmug.com/Architecture/KL-EcoCity-SIC/i-PwG8Mnm[Accessed 7 May 2014]

Thermal-Guides, NA. Shading devices. [online] Available at:http://www.usc.edu/dept-

00/dept/architecture/mbs/tools/thermal/shadedevice.html[Accessed 6 May 2014]

American Institute of Architects, 2012. The Carbon Neutral Design Project. [online] Available at:

http://www.tboake.com/carbon-aia/strategies1b.html[Accessed 5 May 2014]

Craft Bilt Materials Ltd, 2014. Clear or transluscent patio covers and sunroom glazing. [online]

Available at:http://craft-bilt.com/patio-covers/polycarbonate-roof/solarium/[Accessed 6 May

2012]

Windows, for high performance commercial buildings. [online] Available at:

http://www.commercialwindows.org/tints.php [Accessed 6 May 2012]

KL Eco City SIC. [online] Available at:

http://khimmy.smugmug.com/Architecture/KL-EcoCity-SIC/i-zrc8z8p[Accessed 6 May 2012]
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Setia International Centre Analysis