Set up Page 25 in notebook : The Cold War Vocabulary LEFT & RIGHT SIDE for 2 pages (4 total)

17 terms; 4 on each page with 5 on the last

Monday, February 28th

Window Paning

1) 2)

3) 4)

Keeping up with the Joneses? Do you ever want to compete for the best with

your friends or family? Bigger/Better Game

Red Paperclip Essential Question: How did the United

States and the Soviet Union become Cold War Adversaires? Butter Battle Book

Cold War

On the RIGHT and Left of page 25, you will be “Window Paning,” or drawing what you read or hear about each of the vocabulary words. The only word you may write is the

vocabulary word. Everything else needs to be non-linguistic (no words).

The Cold War

The days during WWII of the U.S. and the Soviet Union hugging and shaking hands would not last. Before long, the U.S. and the Soviet Union would engage in a grim struggle for world power known as the Cold War. This was a hostile but nonviolent struggle for power between the two from the end of WWII to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

1) Cold War p. 491

In Feb. 1945, FDR, Stalin, and Churchill met in the Soviet city of Yalta for the Yalta conference. In mostly amicable talks, they agreed to collaborate in shaping postwar Europe. They decided to divide Germany into 4 occupation zones, each controlled by a different Allied country. They also declared their support for self-government and free elections in Eastern Europe. FDR returned from Yalta with hope that the wartime allies could maintain friendly relations. Soon, however, that relationship began to weaken.

2) Yalta Conference p.492

In July, with Germany defeated, the Allied leaders met again in Potsdam, near Berlin. Harry S. Truman now represented the U.S., having become president after FDR’s death 3 months earlier. Churchill, later replaced by new prime minister Clement Attlee, and Stalin also attended. At the Potsdam Conference, the Allies finalized their postwar plans for Germany, including the division of Berlin into occupation zones.

It was at this conference that the Soviet Union and the U.S. began to distrust each other (different war outcomes, differing ideologies on government).

3) Potsdam Conference p. 492

In June 1945, Truman sent a key adviser, Bernard Baruch, to the United Nations to explain U.S. goals to the UN Atomic Energy Commission. He told the panel that the U.S. wanted the UN to enact strict controls on raw materials used in bomb making and a ban on the making of any future bombs. Baruch’s proposal, known as the Baruch Plan, would allow the U.S. to retain its small nuclear stockpile for the time being. However, it would deny the Soviet Union and other nations the right to build bombs. The plan called for UN inspections of nuclear plants and stiff sanctions on nations found making weapons. Under the plan, UN Security Council members would not be allowed to use their veto power to prevent UN sanctions.

This plan never worked due to a standoff with the Soviet Union.

4) UN Atomic Energy Commission p. 495

In his speech, Winston Churchill cautioned that Stalin was cutting Eastern Europe off from the rest of Europe. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” The term Iron Curtain came to symbolize this growing barrier between East and West.

5) Iron Curtain p. 496

Not long after Britain told the United States that it could no longer afford to help Turkey or Greece, Truman addressed Congress. In that speech, he outlined a policy that became known as the Truman Doctrine. “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [conquest] by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” He then asked lawmakers for $400 million to use to provide aid to Greece and Turkey. He explained the importance of helping these countries resist communism.

Congress granted Truman’s request. With US aid and military equipment, the Greek government defeated the communist rebels. Turkey also resisted pressure.

The Truman Doctrine committed the US to a foreign policy based on the containment of communism.

6) Truman Doctrine p. 498

The primary goal of the Marshall Plan was to promote democracy in Europe by rebuilding war-torn economies.

It offered all European nations, including the Soviet Union, generous funding to rebuild their economies as long as the money was spent on goods made in the United States.

In 1948, Congress approved over $13 billion in aid, to be spent over a 4-year period. This aid would play a crucial role in stimulating economic growth and prosperity in Western Europe.

7) Marshall Plan p. 500

On June 24, 1948, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on Berlin, halting all land travel into the city from the Allied occupation zones. The Soviets believed that the Berlin Blockade would force the Allies to give up either Berlin or their plans for a West German state.

The U.S. called for resistance to the blockade by airlifting fuel, food, and other supplies into West Berlin, ending the blockade in 1949.

Germany officially became two countries: communist East Germany and democratic West Germany.

Berlin remained divided into East and West.

8) Berlin Blockade p. 504

As divisions increased in Europe, the superpowers also formed new military alliances. In 1949, the U.S., Canada, and 10 countries of Western Europe formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The founding European members of NATO were France, Luxemburg, Belgium, the Netherlands, Iceland, Italy, Britain, Denmark, Norway, and Portugal. Greece and Turkey joined NATO in 1952, and West Germany followed in 1955.

The parties agreed that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.

9) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) p. 505

The creation of NATO prompted the Soviet Union to form its own security alliance in 1955. Under the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania joined forces for mutual defense.

NATO and Warsaw Pact members began to see each other as enemies. Europe was now formally divided into two armed camps.

10) Warsaw Pact p. 505

Like China, Korea was freed from Japanese control when WWII ended. At that time, Soviet troops occupied the Korean Peninsula north of the 38th parallel, while U.S. troops held the area to the south. In the north, the Soviet Union put a pro-Soviet communist government in power. In the south, the U.S. officials supported the existing anticommunist government. However, this arrangement masked deep tensions, which erupted in June 1950 in the Korean War.

This started with North Korean troops armed with Soviet weapons invading South Korea and even with China entering the war to help the North Koreans.

The outcome was that North and South Korea remained divided into 2 countries, as the war became a stalemate.

11) Korean War p.508

By the mid-1950’s, the Cold War had effectively divided the world into 3 groups of nations.First World (developed capitalist countries;

The West)US, Canada, nations of Western Europe, Japan

Second World (communist countries; The East)Soviet Union, nations of Eastern Europe, China

Third World (poor, developing nations)Latin America, Africa, and Asia The U.S. and Soviet Union competed to win their

support

12) Third World p. 510

The threat of nuclear war carried with it the prospect of utter annihilation, a threat the U.S. tried to use to its advantage. In the 1950’s, the government developed a foreign policy known as brinkmanship—a willingness to go to the edge, or brink of war. Brinkmanship was based on a simple, if dangerous idea. The Soviets had to believe that U.S. would use its nuclear weapons if pushed too far (H bomb).

This threat worked with China when the US signed a treaty to protect Taiwan. The US told China they would launch a nuclear attack if they didn’t back down, and they did.

13) Brinkmanship p. 515

The Alger Hiss case involved a State Department official who had served as an advisor to FDR at the Yalta Conference. A former Communist named Whittaker Chambers accused Hiss of passing secrets to the Soviet Union. In 1950, a federal grand jury convicted Hiss of perjury, or lying under oath. Still, he continued to proclaim his innocence. However, secret documents made public in 1995 indicate that Hiss probably had spied for the Soviet Union.

14) Alger Hiss case p. 521

A year after the Hiss case, a German-born British physicist names Klaus Fuchs confessed that he had spied for the Soviet Union while he was working on the Manhattan Project for Britain during WWII. The information Klaus passed along to Soviet scientists may well have helped to speed their development of atomic weapons. From Klaus, a trial of espionage led investigators to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, whom the US charged with passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. The Rosenberg trial concluded with death sentences for both defendants (the only US citizens to be put to death for spying during the Cold War)

15) Rosenberg Trial p. 521

The practice of publicly accusing someone of subversive activities without evidence to back up the charges is known as McCarthyism.

Senator John McCarthy gained fame and power by launching a one-man crusade against communist sympathizers in government agencies, saying he had a list of 205 names who were working in the government and supporting communism (but never produced this list).

In 1954, he went too far by accusing the Army and President Dwight D. Eisenhower of being “soft on communism.”

Note the political cartoon on p. 522 (on test)

16) McCarthyism p. 522

The primary mission of the Federal Civil Defense Administration during the 1950’s was to help U.S. citizens prepare for a nuclear attack.

As the atomic arms race took off, the federal government began planning for civil defense. Americans could not rely on the military to protect them from a surprise attack. People would have to be prepared to protect themselves as best they could. Bomb sheltersCivil defense training (for children)Fallout shelters (see p. 524 for picture)

17) Federal Civil Defense Administration p. 524

For 3 minutes, you will walk around and look at the picture representations for the 9 vocabulary words.

Do not talkObserve how these are similar/different from the pictures you drew

Back to your seat in 3 minutes

Gallery Walk

Today we will finish the Window Paning Vocabulary and will complete p. 26 in our notebooks for a grade.

P. 26: “Origins of Cold War” LEFT: EQ “How did the U.S. and the

Soviet Union become Cold War adversaries?”

RIGHT:

Tuesday, March 1st

U.S. Soviet Union

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

Today you will complete notes on p. 27 in your notebook and will turn in the Questions and Map Annotations handouts for a grade.

P. 27: The Cold War ExpandsLEFT: EQ “Were the methods used by

the U.S. to contain communism justified?”

RIGHT: 39.11) What is the purpose of the clandestine

(secretive) operations, such as those that Francis Gary Powers was engaged in?

2) What does the fact that secrecy was commonly used tell you about the relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union at the time?

3) What might be some of the dangers, at home and abroad, of clandestine operations?

Wednesday, March 2nd

1) To gather information about another’s military capabilities, troop movements, weaponry, etc.

2) Neither side trusted the information being provided by the other side, and there was great animosity between the two nations.

3) People’s civil liberties might be compromised. If spies are caught in the act, it increases the distrust between the two sides.

The Cold War Expands p. 27 (right)

At your groups, you will complete the 4 handouts. The oldest person at your group will complete 39.2, the next oldest will complete 39.3, then the next will complete 39.4, and the youngest will complete 39.5/39.6.

You will then share the answers. The group with the unscrambled words (location) answer will receive 5 bonus stamps

This is a grade (remember your name)

The Cold War Expands Handouts (4)

LEFT: EQ “Were the methods used by the U.S. to contain communism justified?” What do you think??

The Cold War Expands

Find Someone Who…Key terms will be reviewed

and then you will walk around and have others

(one signature per question) write in the

answers. This is your study guide for Friday’s quiz.

Thursday, March 3rd

Cold War QuizMakeup anything that is missingCheck your grade

Friday, March 4th