Session III Visu

8/10/2019 Session III Visu

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Industrial Symbiosis

(Eco Industrial Cluster)

C. Visvanathan

EnvironmentalEngineeringandManagementProgram

AsianInstituteofTechnology

Thailand

Email:[email protected]

URL:http://www.faculty.ait.ac.th/Visu/ , www.3rkh.net

GrEEn Technologies:MakingProfits-CommittingtoSustainability

AITConsulting,AsianInstituteofTechnology

28-29August,2014

Indu
http://www.faculty.ait.ac.th/Visu/http://www.faculty.ait.ac.th/Visu/http://www.3rkh.net/http://www.3rkh.net/http://www.faculty.ait.ac.th/Visu/


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C.Visvanathan

Parks/Forest

NaturalParks

Industries

IndustrialPa

Industrial Ecology - Eco Industrial Park

Industrial symbioses (ISs) and eco-industrial parks (EIPs) are key concepts of industrial e


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ProtectionofEnvironment

ThroughPollutionReductionIncreaseBusiness

Success

Concept of an Eco-Industrial Park


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Shift in Thinking

Wethink,theearthisasourceofinfiniteresources

Wethink,theearthhasanexcellentdigestion system

Wethink,theearthcanassimilateanythingandeverythingthatwethrow

But,weneedtolookattheenvironmentasanexhaustibleresourceandatth

self-organizingsystem

Thesolutionliesin

Betterpositioningourselvesinnaturessupplychain

Transformingourindustrialsystemsandprocessestoadoptsustainablep

Shiftingourculturesandvaluestowardssustainabledevelopment


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Cleaner Production

MICRO

Industrial Ecology

MACRO

Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Approac


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Industrial Symbiosis

Industrialsymbiosisisthesharingofservices,utility,and

by-productresourcesamongindustries

Industrialsymbiosisfocusesonmaterialandenergy

exchangeforresourceefficiencyinaclosedcycle.

Eco-industrialclusterdevelopmentisoneofthepractical

caseofindustrialsymbiosis

Somecommonfeaturesofindustrialclusterare;

centralizedwasteandwastewatertreatmentplant

Wasteexchange(oneindustrysby-productresidualis

anotherindustrysresource/rawmaterial/energysource)

E I d i l Cl f U R


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Eco Industrial Cluster for Upstream Resourc

Efficiency

Eco-IndustrialClusterformationisoneofthestrategiestoimplementthecon

industrialecologybyinter-companycollaboration

WasteofonecompanycanbeutilizedbyanothercompanytoincreasethereconservationwhichresultsinUpstreamResourceEfficiencyandbetterenv

performance

Inter-firmconnectednessworkscollectivelytofightthepollutionthroughwast

technologysharing,orcommonwastetreatmentplants,etc.

Industry 1

Industry 3

Industry 2

Resource

Limited

Wastes

Introducing new industries

and developing eco-

industrial clusters will

generate environment,

social and economic

benefits


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What are Industry Clusters?

Industryclustersaremorethanagroupofcompaniesinthesame

industry.

Itsageographicalproximategroupofinterconnectedcompanieswithassociatedinstitutionsinaparticularspecializationalllinkedby

networks.

Mostwellknownclusters

MoviemakersofHollywood

ComputerMakersofSiliconValley

FinancialServicesinSwitzerland

CarManufacturersofDetroit

CaliforniaWineCluster


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How Clusters Form?

Clustersformaroundinputsandoutputswheretheseitemsinvolve

transportationcosts,thenlocatingincloseproximityreducescosts.

Example,DetroitcarmanufacturingwasbasedontheproximitytoUSsteelmillsplustheavailabilityofcheapelectricity.

Detroit Car M

Steel Mills

Cheap Electricity


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How Clusters Form?

Clusterscanalsoformaroundproximitytoinformation.Wherecompaniesdea

typeofknowledge,theycanmaximizetheiraccesstothatknowledgebaseby

thesamecity.


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Movie Makers of Hollywood


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Movie Makers of Hollywood

WritersGuildof

America,West

DirectorsGuildof

America

ScreenActorsGuild

InternationalAllianceofTheatrical

StageEmployees(IATSE)

NBCUniversalInc

CBSStudioCenter

CreativeArtistsAgency


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High -Tech Manufacturing In Silicon Valle

Itishometomanyofthlargesttechnologycorp

wellasthousandsofsm

Termoriginallyreferred

region'slargenumbero

chip innovatorsandma

Biggesthigh-techman

centerintheUnitedSta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit


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Computer Makers of Silicon Valley


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California Wine Cluster

Wine Making

Companies

Grape

Making

Companies

California

Wine Cluster


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California Wine Cluster

C

Pub

Pu

T

Wineries

Processing

Facilities

Growers/

Vineyards

Educational, Research &

Trade Organizations

State Government Agencies (Select

Committee on Wine Production and

Economy

Grape Stock

Fertilizer, Pesticides,

Herbicides

Grape Harvesting

Equipment

Irrigation Technology

California

Agricultural Cluster

Eco Industrial Cluster Approach to Dealin


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Eco Industrial Cluster Approach to Dealin

with Pollution

Individual firm approach to pollution control Industrial Cluster approach to pollutio

Pollution volume is less and the tendency of

ignorance is higher.

Larger pollution volume hence ignoranc

possible. Pollution control measures are

Pollution abatement is done to comply with

administrative requirements. Minimum

pollution standards are met; hence there are

no opportunities for innovation and furthering

zero waste policies.

End of Pipe (EoP) is practiced to deal with

waste already produced.

Pollution abatement is practiced beyond

necessary to meet national pollution sta

innovations are put into practice to achi

waste policies.

Upstream resource utilization is targete

pollution output. 3R and CPs are the str

applied.

Cost of pollution abatement is higher as only

one industry is responsible for investing inequipment and technologies. Thus the

chances of buying low cost and low efficiency

equipment are high.

Cost of pollution abatement is shared a

clusters and hence the cost becomes loInnovative and high-tech equipment ca

installed favoring technology advancem

Small and scattered industries make it difficult

for the national/local administration difficult to

monitor the pollution control activities; hence it

acts as a loophole, whereby industries try to

avoid environmental compliance.

Clusters make it easy for the policy con

administration to monitor environmenta

performance compliance.


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Chronological Developments

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

1960

T

isswater

The Symbiosis InsnamedIndustrial Symbiosis

Asns

PowerStation

Municipality

ofKalundborg

1961

1972

G

yproc

NovoIndustries

V

eedol

R

efinery

1976

F

arm

1979

C

ementIndustry

F

ishfarm

1980

S

tatoilrefinery

1982

P

igfarm

1989

F

ertilizerIndustry

1990

W

astewaterTreatment

1993

R

euseBasin

1995

S

oilrem

1998

R

ecoveryofNickel

a

ndvanadium

2000

Collabo

ration

withNoveren

Novozymes

P

urificationof

w

ater

2004

1996

Courtesy:

Jrgen Christensen

Industrial Symbiosis: Status 1979
























Industrial Symbiosis: Status 1960 - 2007






Wastewater


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Fish

farm

Gyproc

Cement

industry

Lake

Tiss

Asns

Power

Station

The Municipalityof Kalundborg

Veedol

Refinery

Esso

Refinery

Stat oil

Refinery

Fertilizer

industry

Wastewater

treatment

Farms

6Heat1980

Re-use

basin

The Symbiosis Institute 1996

Purification

S

E t f D t W t R li


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Eco-towns for Downstream Waste Recycling

ResourceCirculating

Society

Shift to Environmental Industries from Heavy Industrie

Eco Towns are usually a cluster of material recycling and waste treatment industries

The goal of the Eco-Town Project is to create a recycling-orientated society

Also called as Recycling park

E T i J


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Eco-Towns in Japan

Asias International Material

Recycling and EnvironmentalIndustrial Base

Approved by Central governmentin 1997

First stage : FY19972002 : focuson RECYCLE

Kit k h E t


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Kitakyushu Eco-town

P li M f I d i l S bi i


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Policy Measures for Industrial Symbiosis

Policy is the most important tool for improving environmental performance

Industrial Symbiosis has direct relevance to a broad policy agenda covering innovaand economic development, in addition to the traditional resource efficiency

Policies insisting the development of inter-firm networks material, product and by p

Government should act as a major promoter and stakeholder bringing together ind

Policy

Change

Inter-firm

Network

Enabling better

environmental

performance

Social

Benefits

Ke feat es of S ccessf l Ind st ial S bio


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Key features of Successful Industrial Symbio

Stronglegislation,shiftingthemarkettowardsasoundmaterial-cyclesociety

Increasingproductresearchanddevelopment inbothpublicandprivatesectors,universities

Largeandrapidlyexpandingeco-businessmarket,domesticallyandinternationally

StrongfocusonenvironmentaltechnologiesandESTs,andinnovative/cutting-edg

tosolveenvironmentalproblems

Focusonenergyconservation,materialdevelopmentandintegratedwastemanag

Pl i g E I d t i l Cl t


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Planning Eco Industrial Cluster

Policy amendments

Introduction of new technologies

Formalizing the informal sector activities Investment capital

Remove end-of-pipe mentality

Trust among industrial partners

Inter-firm network, commitment and

geographical proximity

. influence the EIC formation and transformation

Government and industries should take the leadership for EIC formation

Other stakeholders like academia, researches, policy makers, public, etc. should

also work together

4 major sources of productivit

industrial clus

(i) the effective use of raw and wa

(ii) access to knowledge and techn

(iii) employment generation

(iv) complementary eco-product dev

Conclusion


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Conclusion

Networkingisimportantwhat,where,when,how

Nogenericruledependsonthecontext

Industrialsymbiosisoccursusuallyin2forms

o EcoIndustrialCluster/Park:intheupstreamproduction

o Eco-Town:inthedownstreamwastehandlingsector/recyclingBa

Industries.

Synergy/Inter-firmnetwork/businessproximity isakeytosuccessoindustrialsymbiosis

GeographicalProximityisanotherfactorforsuccessfulindustrialsym

IndustrialSymbiosisensuresthenowandinthelong-termsustaina

Conclusion


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Eco-IndustrialDevelopmentis

a journ y ... not a D

Conclusion


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Thank You!

Documents

Session III Visu