SESSION 9 – FACETS OF COMMUNITY: Work Learning and Health

Copyright 2011 Phil Heywood

Introduction: The cases for and against community intervention

1. Most human activities can be performed by private and/or public action

2. The cases for community involvement:a. Accountabilityb. Social and environmental impactsc. Flexibility based on community nurturing of diversityd. Collaborative productione. Community ‘voice’ as a more sensitive indicator of

preference than individual ‘exit’.f. Maintenance of common goods

Self – and other – regarding activities

Individuals have rights to self control in “self regarding” activities of belief, freedom of expression, choice of work and personal morality and priorities.

Public and communities have rights and duties in “other regarding” activities of work, health, environment, public order and, to an extent, education.

Mill, 1983

The Planning and Organisation of Work

Values and Purposes:

a. Productivity: roles of association in promoting economic success

b. Creativity: contributions of the “creative class” to innovation (Richard Florida, 2005)

c. Autonomy: the independence provided by regular income and the productive power of markets and exchange

The Work SystemPEOPLE

Population Numbers, Structure & ChangeVI

SIO

NSSo

cial G

oals

& Va

lues

ACTIVITIES & PROCESSES

RESOURCESNatural, Economic & Social Resources

WORKING POPULATION

Working Age Groups, Learning Population,

Vocational & Re-training, Supported Population

Participation rates

WORK PLACESHome, Central Area,

Specialised Locations Skills: Technology,

Communication, Problem Solving

Funds: Infrastructure & Plant

OUTCOMESOrganisation, Products and Control of Work,

Employment & Retraining Rates &

Incentives, Wage Levels & Distribution of Wealth

PRODUCTIONKnowledge, Services &

GoodsLiteracy, Numeracy, E-

Literacy

VALUESCreativity,

Productivity, Autonomy,

Sustainability

The Changing Nature and Locations of Work

1. Planning and Providing Jobs: population forecasts and participation rates.

2. Projections of Job Need: matching working population forecasts to projected jobs

3. Work Locations: effects of technological change, miniaturisation and communications technology

4. Work Provisions: balanced provisions at neighbourhood, district, city, metropolitan and regional scale, linked to transport , education and research

The Links of Work with Other Activities

Education

- Increasing importance of links with education at all levels- local education for literacy and numeracy, district and city development of secondary education and regional and national provision of universities.

Communications

- Changing and expanding roles of transport and communications infrastructure, including broadband networks

1. Global trends – education, literacy and numeracy are re-shaping the world

2. Methods of learning and issues of knowledge

3. Educational provisions and locations

Education and Learning

The Learning SystemPEOPLE

Population Numbers, Structure & Change

VISI

ONS

Desir

ed F

utur

e Kn

owle

dge

& At

titud

es

ACTIVITIES & PROCESSES

RESOURCESNatural, Economic & Social Resources

LEARNING GROUPSPreschool, Primary,

Secondary, Tertiary, Vocational & Re-training,

Third Age

LEARNING PLACESKindergartens, Play

Spaces, Primary Schools, Secondary

Schools, Universities, Workshops & On the Job

Facilities, Research Institutes, Prisons

KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES

Knowledge of Natural Sciences & Society,

Professional & Technical Skills, Social Awareness

& Capacities

LEARNING PROCESSES

Oral Skills, Literacy, Numeracy, E-Literacy,

Play, Volunteerism, Social Learning

VALUESKnowledge,

CommunicationProductivity, Sustainability

Education Re-Shaping the World

•Rapid spread of mass literacy and numeracy throughout the world.

•Knowledge –power nexus: importance in all aspects of contemporary life of communication media of web, satellites , radio, television and print

•21st century productivity is increasingly tied to education and introduction of new skills of knowledge based industry

Methods of Learning and Issues of Knowledge

• There is a need to integrate:- informal education resulting from universal reach of contemporary communications and the web, with- systems of formal skills development for productivity, social life and culture

• Demographic projections of school and university populations can help accurate planning of building, investment and training programs for educational facilities

• These need to be carefully integrated with planning of other settlement forming activities such as locating land for housing, employment, public transport, and social services

Educational Provisions

Key role of education in shaping communities and economies at all scales -

• neighbourhood primary schools

• district secondary ones

• urban vocational education training (VET)

• city and regional universities and

• national research institutes

Links to Other Systems

• Education promotes adaptation to technological change and therefore increasingly drives economic progress

• Learning capacity and acquired knowledge greatly influences health outcomes

• The locations and community links of schools and universities are major factors in urban structure and design

• Education plays crucial roles in developing cultural awareness , development and change

Health

1. A system driven by values of vitality, nurture, caring and curing

2. Global trends and needs

3. Practical methods and techniques

4. Links to other systems

5. Health provisions

The Health SystemPEOPLE

Population Numbers, Structure & ChangeVI

SIO

NSDe

sired

Fut

ure

Stat

es

ACTIVITIES & PROCESSES

RESOURCESNatural, Economic & Social Resources

LIFE CYCLE & HEALTH GROUPS

Expectant Mothers, Children, Adolescents, Working Age Groups,

People at Risk

FACILITIES & PLACESClinics (ante-natal and childcare), Surgeries, Hospitals, Specialist

Services, Health Hubs, Home Care & Support

SOCIAL OUTCOMESAchievement of Social Goals & Objectives:

Personal Vitality, Mortality Rates, Social

Activity Levels, Economic Participation Rates, Birth Rates, At

Risk Groups

MEDICAL PROCESSESAnte Natal Care, Paediatrics, General Practice, Specialist

Services, Hospital Treatment, Community Care,

Physiotherapy, Food Support Programs, Drug Treatment, Mental Health

Care, Ambulance Systems

VALUESHealth, Vitality,

Nurture, Caring, Curing

1. Disease and epidemic control in a world of increasing interaction

2. Access to resources of secure clean water, air and food sources

3. Famine and obesity control and relief

4. Climate change response management

5. Equal access to health maintenance and national and local health systems

Global Trends and Needs

1. Demographic analysis of vital statistics

2. Life cycle health planning

3. Integration of facilities planning with activity centre and land use planning

4. Inclusive community governance arrangements round “Medicare locals” and regional health districts

Practical Methods and Techniques

Advantages of integration into the pattern of central places at each level of settlement:

• Neighbourhood pharmacies and play spaces

• District medical centres with day care and community outreach facilities

• City hospital and home support system services

• Regional tertiary care and multi service agency with integrated administration and governance (“Medicare Locals”)

• Metropolitan major health research institutes

Health Provisions

• Importance for health maintenance and family planning of literacy and education

• Significance of healthy cities to community planning

• Roles of access and active transport in maintaining health

• Key roles of health to maintaining productivity

• Importance of integrated governance arrangements for health systems

Links to Other Systems

Conclusion: The Many Facets of Community

• All major human activities – work, play, shelter and transport etc. - interact to create community life

• Each occupies and contributes to the qualities of places which shape our daily experiences of living

• The most interesting and successful places are those where these different uses and activities support each other and are planned and developed for mutual advantage

• Success in planning one activity depends upon understanding impacts and dependency relations with other activity systems.