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Session 7 - Understanding Work Teams
Robbins and Judge
Organization Behavior
15 Edition
The material used in producing this presentation
derived from the book. Several examples added
to enrich the student’s understanding
Please acknowledge the Authors
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
SESSION GOALS
1. Memahami pengertian kerja sama tim
2. Mengetahui perbedaan antara Kelompok dan Tim Kerja
3. Mengenali berbagai jenis Tim Kerja dan manfaatnya
4. Mengidentifikasi cara untuk membangun Tim kerja yang
efektif
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
GOALS ONE - Definisi
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
DEFINISI
Sekelompok orang yang memiliki ketrampilan dan
pengetahuan dan menjalankan suatu pekerjaan atau terlibat di
dalam suatu proyek.
Sejumlah orang yang tergabung di dalam suatu perkumpulan
dan menjalankan pekerjaan/kegiatan secara bersama
Sekelompok orang yang melakukan sesuatu secara bersama
Sekelompok orang yang memiliki kesamaan tujuan dan
bertindak secara terorganisir untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
TEAM – Do we really need it??
Great way to optimize employee talents
Flexibility & responsive to changes in the environment
Quickly assemble, deploy, refocus, and disband
Facilitate employee involvement
Increase employee participation in decision making
Democratize an organization and increase motivation
Note: teams are not ALWAYS effective
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
GOALS TWO - Perbedaan
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Work Group VS Work Team
A work group Interacts primarily to share information and make decisions to help each member perform within his or her area of responsibility.
• Work groups have no need or opportunity to engage in collective work that
• requires joint effort.
• The performance is the summation of each group member’s individual contribution.
• No synergy
A work team generates positive synergy through coordinated effort.
• The individual efforts result in a level of performance greater than the sum of those individual inputs.
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Work Group VS Work Team
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
GOALS THREE – Jenis tim kerja
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Types of Team
Problem Solving Team
• Terdiri 5-12 orang karyawan dari depertemen yang sama, melakukan pertemuan rutin untuk membahas masalah yang dihadapi
• Bersifat menghasilkan saran, tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk menjalankan apa yang diasrankan
• Fokus solusi: peningkatan kualitas, efisiensi, perbaikan kondisi kerja
• Ex: target capaian karya ilmiah dosen tidak terpenuhi Kaprodi membentuk tim khusus untuk mengidentifikasi maslaah & memberikan solusi
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Types of Team
Self-Managed Work Team,
• Terdiri dari 10-15 karyawan yang diberi wewenang khusus untuk bertindak secara mandiri dengan pengawasan minimal dari atasan
• Dapat memilih anggota secara independen dan melakukan evaluasi kinerja anggotanya
• Peran atasan diminimalkan bahkan bisa dihilangkan
• Jenis pekerjaan yang dilakukan; perencanaan & penjadwalan kerja, penugasan kepada anggota, menyelesaikan masalah, berinteraksi dengan suplier dan konsumen
• Ex: Tim training menyusun program pelatihan dan menyelenggarakan kegiatan secara mandiri
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Types of Team
Cross-Functional Team,
• Terdiri dari beberapa karyawan dari beragam yang berada dengan tingkatan/level yang sama dan menjalankan tugas khusus
• Ex: Seluruh departemen terlibat dalam persiapan operasional Telkom International
Virtual Team,
• Tim yang tidak berwujud, menggunakan sarana IT untuk berinteraksi dan mencapai sasaran tugas
• Kolaborasi secara daring (online)
• Negative & positive consequencess ???
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
GOALS FOUR – Membangun tim
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Creating Effective Team
Three key components of effective teams :
The resources and other contextual influences
Team’s composition.
Process variables
Effectiveness measurement:
Team’s productivity
Team’s performance
Goal achievement
Member satisfaction
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Creating Effective Team
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Context
• Tools needed to complete the job Adequate Resources
• Agreement to work specification and how the team fits together to integrate individual skills
• Even “self-managed” teams need leaders
Effective Leadership and Structure
• Level of trust must be develop between members and the leader Climate of Trust
• Group performance consideration
Performance and Rewards Systems that Reflect Team
Contributions
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Composition
Kemampuan dan pengetahuan anggota
Need technical expertise, problem-solving, decision-making, and good interpersonal skills
Kepribadian anggota
Conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness all relate to team performance
Keragaman dan distribusi peran
Many necessary roles must be filled
Diversity can often lead to lower performance
Size of Team
The smaller the better: 5 to 9 is optimal
Members’ Preference for Teamwork
Do the members want to be on teams?
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Composition
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Proccess
• Create a common purpose that provides direction
• Willingness to adjust plan if necessary
Commitment to a Common Purpose
• Must be specific, measurable, realistic, and challenging Establishment of
Specific Team Goals
• Team believes in its ability to succeed Team Efficacy
• Have an accurate and common mental map of how the work gets done Mental Models
• Task conflicts are helpful; interpersonal conflicts are not Conflict Level
• Team holds itself accountable both individually and as a team Social Loafing
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
Key Factor in Setting up the Team
Selection of the employee
Training the employee
Reward the team effort and team player
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University
The Team is not an Overall Cure
When is the right time to setup team
Apakah pekerjaan tersebut bisa dilakukan dengan baik
secara individu?
Apakah tim selalu memberikan hasil yang lebih baik?
Bagaimana pandangan anda terkait pembentukan tim yang
beranggotakan beragam warga negara?
2/19/2017 Partono - TELKOM University