Session 3- Personality

8/6/2019 Session 3- Personality

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PERSONALITY

AND ATTITUDES


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PERSONALITY

Personality is a concept that we use

continuously in our day- to- day routine when

dealing with people .

We talk about people as having a good

personality or a bad personality or arrogant

and aggressive personality .


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Personality refers to a set of unique characteristics thatmake an individual different from others.


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PERSONALITY

Personality can be defined as a dynamic and

organized set of characteristics possessed bya person that uniquely influences his or her

cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in

various situations.


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PERSONALITY

Personality refers to the sum total of the internal and

external traits (Qualities) of an individual, which are

relatively stable and which make the individual different

from others.

Personality can be defined as those psychological

characteristics that both determine and reflect how a person

responds to his/her environment.


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Nature of Personality

Personality has both internal and external elements.

The externals are the observable behavior like sociability, and

The internal are the thoughts and the values.

An individual's personality is relatively stable. It only changesafter a long time due to traumatic events.

Personality is inherited as well as shaped by environment.


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Nature of Personality

How people affect others depends primarily upon theirexternal appearance (height , weight , facial features ,color and other physical aspects ) and traits .( TALL MANVS SHORT MAN )

In summary , personality will mean how people affectothers and how they understand and view themselves , aswell as their pattern of inner and outer measurable traitsand person-situation interaction.


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PERSONALITY

Ex: If your boss wants you do a job in certain

way , you will do it even if you disagree , thisis a social pressure . Similarly you stop work

and go for your lunch if you are hungry , this

is a biological pressure.


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Determinants of Personality

PersonalityHeredity

Environment

Family

Situational

Social


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Heredity has impact on such variables asphysical stature, and energy level.

Environment is a broad term and includescultures attitudes, and values passed fromgenerations to generations.

Contribution from Family has considerable

influence on personality at the early stages.


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Socializationis a process that acquires, from

the enormously wide range of behavioral

potential.

Situation environment ,age, heredity, and

family no doubt have impact on personality.

But it is the situation that can not be ignored.


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What is Personality?

Personality

The sum total of ways in which an individual reactsand interacts with others.

Personality Traits

Enduring characteristicsthat describe anindividuals behavior.

Personality

Determinants

Heredity

Environment

Situation

Personality

Determinants

Heredity

Environment

Situation


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Personality

Set of characteristics that underlie arelatively stable pattern of behavior inresponse to ideas, objects, or people inthe environment

Big Five Personality Factors related tojob performance

Extroversion

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Emotional Stability

Openness to Experience


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THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY

MODEL/TRAITS

Extraversion: Sociable , talkative and assertive.

Agreeableness: Good natured , cooperative and

trusting .

Conscientiousness: Responsible , dependable ,

persistent and achievement - oriented .

E

motional stability: taps a persons ability towithstand stress.

Openness to experience: Imaginative , Intellectual.


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PERSONALITY

Every person is in certain aspects .

Like all other people .

Like some other people.

Like no other person.

Organizationally , Manager must understand that allsubordinates are not alike and each subordinates isunique and may or may not respond to the samestimuli , such as pay raise or reprimands ( formalexpression of disapproval).


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PERSONALITY

If a persons entire personality could changesuddenly , then we would not be able topredict his personality traits .

Ex: If a person is sometimes warm and friendlyand at other times he is cold and hostile

(unfriendly) , then we cannot conclude thathis personality is warm and friendly.


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The SELF - CONCEPT

Peoples attempt to understand themselves are called the self-concept inpersonality theory.

Peoples self-esteem has to do with their self-perceived competence andself image.

Ex: every day experience confirm that employees with high self-esteemfeel unique , competent , secure , empowered and connected to thepeople around them.

Self efficacyis concerned with self-perception of how well a person can

cope with the situation as they arise.


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Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem (SE)

Individuals degree of likingor disliking themselves.

Self-Monitoring

A personality trait that measuresan individuals ability to adjusthis or her behavior to external,situational factors.


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Risk-Taking Managers

High Risk-taking Managers Make quicker decisions

Use less information to make decisions

Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial organizations

Low Risk-taking Managers

Are slower to make decisions

Require more information before making decisions Exist in larger organizations with stable environments


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Personality Types

Proactive Personality

Identifies opportunities,shows initiative, takesaction, and perseveresuntil meaningful changeoccurs.

Creates positive changein the environment,regardless or even inspite of constraints orobstacles.


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PERSON SITUATION INTERACTION

Each situation of course is different .

Employees can change depending on the particular situationthey are in interaction with .

Even everyday work experience can change people .

So, personality is the whole person and is concerned with

external appearance and traits, self and situationalinteractions.


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THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY AND

SOCIALIZATION

The work ofDaniel Levinson on adult life stages has received attention .

He believed that - Life structure evolves through a relatively orderly sequencethroughout the adult years.

He believed there is little variability ( a maximum of two or three years ) infour identifiable stable periods

1. Entering the adult world ( age twenty two twenty eight )

2. Settling down ( age thirty three to forty )

3. Entering middle adulthood ( age forty five to fifty )

4. Culmination of middle adulthood ( age fifty five to sixty)

This theory is important because it is one of the only ones which suggests thatdevelopment and growth happens well into the adult years.


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The Socialization process

There is increasing recognition given to the role of otherrelevant persons , groups , and especially , organizations ,which greatly influence an individuals personality.

Socialization means the process by which an individuallearns to satisfy his needs in socially acceptable way , tomove within the rules of his society and share in his societyvalues .

In simple words the socialization is formation and training ofhuman conscious, socialization creates sense of livingtogether , love , sympathy , and cooperation with oneanother in society.


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Attitudes

An attitude can be defined as a persistent

tendency to feel and behave in a particular

way toward some object.

Attitudes determine how people

Perceive the work environment

Interact with others Behave on the job


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The Adjustment Function

Attitudes often help people adjust to their workenvironment.

When employees are well treated by the boss , they arelikely to develop a positive attitude toward supervision andthe organization .

When employees are not fairly treated and given the less

salary , they are likely to develop a negative attitude towardsupervision and the organization.


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The Ego- Defensive Function

Besides helping employees adjust , attitudes

also help them to defend their self images

Ex: an older manager Vs younger subordinate.


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The Value-expressive function

Attitudes provide people with a basis for

expressing their values .

Ex: A manager who believes strongly in the

work ethic will tend to voice attitudes toward

specific individuals or work practices as a

means of reflecting this value.


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The Knowledge Function

Attitudes help supply standards and frames of

reference that allow people to organize and

explain the world around them .

Ex: positive or negative attitude of

management that to be supported by

evidences.


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CHANGING ATTITUDES

Employees attitudes can be changed and

sometimes it is in the best interest of

management to try to do so.

Ex: if employees believe that their employer

does not take care of them , management

would like to change this attitude.


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ATTITUDE

Attitudes, being persistent often help

employees adapt to their work environmentby providing a way of interpreting things or

happenings in the environment.


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High-Performance Work Attitudes

Two attitudes that might

relate to high

performance Job Satisfaction

Organizational

CommitmentManagers of todays knowledge workers often rely onManagers of todays knowledge workers often rely on

job satisfaction to keep motivation and enthusiasm forjob satisfaction to keep motivation and enthusiasm for

the organization highthe organization high


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High-Performance Work Attitudes

Job Satisfaction = positive attitude

toward ones job

Organizational Commitment = loyalty

to and heavy involvement in ones

organization


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Influences on JOB SATISFACTION

1. The work itself: the extent to which the job

provides the individual with interesting tasks ,

opportunities for learning , and the chance to

accept responsibility.

2. Pay: the amount of financial remuneration that is

received and the degree to which this is viewed as

equitable vis--vis that of others in the

organization.


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Locus of Control

Locus of Control

The degree to which people believe theyare masters of their own fate.

InternalsIndividuals who believe that theycontrol what happens to them.

Externals

Individuals who believe thatwhat happens to them iscontrolled by outside forcessuch as luck or chance.


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THANK YOU

GOOD BYETILL NEXT CLASS

Documents

Session 3- Personality