SESSION 25: The Bill of Rights You will be able to summarize your civil liberties protected by the Bill of Rights Think back to our lesson on the Federalists & Anti- Federalists. Why did Anti- federalists insist on having a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? Once you write your do- first answer, correct your exit ticket, shade in your data tracking bar, and staple it into the back of your notebook! OBJECTIVEDO-FIRST Civil Liberties: the rights guaranteed to you by the Bill of Rights VOCABULARY Before we start Remember, the only reason Anti-Federalists agreed to the Constitution was because the Federalists promised to amend it (add to it) a Bill of Rights. The Anti-Federalists were scared of a powerful national government that could become TYRANNICAL! This Bill of Rights would list out the individual, unalienable rights of every citizenrights that the government could not take away. The Bill of Rights is what we call the first 10 amendments of the Constitution. Many more amendments were added to the Constitution in the last 200 years, but this first set of 10 amendments was immediately added to the Constitution after ratification. As we discuss each amendment, fill in your notes! Check your Understanding Why did the framers add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? *Use the word Anti-Federalists in your answer! Todays Question Rule To get through all of the amendments, I can permit only one student question per amendment! Keep out the post-it notes at your table (raise your hand if you dont have post-its, I will bring you some!) If I am unable to answer your question, write it down and I will try to answer it by the end of class! First Amendment Rights: When writing the first amendment, James Madison combined five basic rights that all have to do with ways that we express ourselves. According to the first amendment, we all have: Freedom of/from Religion this means that we are free to practice any religion we want. This also means that we dont have to practice any religion at all, if we choose. The purpose of this right in the first amendment was to maintain a separation of church and state! This was the idea that Roger Williams promoted in his colony of Rhode Island. Freedom of Speech this means that we are free to express ourselves verbally, or non- verbally, however we want. Even if we speak out against our own government, they cant stop us! Freedom of speech does not simply mean verbal or written speechit includes symbolic speech, such as burning a flag, wearing a black arm band to protest a war, or a t-shirt that has a message on it. Freedom of the Press the press is the term we use to describe any organization that provides us with news. This right states that any newspaper, magazine, or TV show can talk freely about the news, without interference from the government. Freedom of Assembly this is the right to gather with a group of people. The Americans had witness the tyrant King George limit their rights to self-government when he banned town-hall meetings in Boston with the Intolerable Acts. The framers of the Constitution wanted to protect this right! Right to Petition the Government this is the right to express our anger or disagreement with our government by writing letters to tell the people we have elected how we feel. Check your Understanding Which of these rights included in the first amendment is most important to you? Why? Act it Out! First Amendment: make the talking motion and praying motion with your hand to represent freedom of SPEECH and freedom of RELIGION Citizen Protections: 2 nd, 3 rd, and 4 th Amendments These amendments were created to protect citizens from different kinds of government abuse. Many of these rights were rights that the British did not give the American colonists. By writing down these amendments, the colonists wanted to avoid what happened under British rule. 2 nd Amendment This amendment states that all citizens have the right to bear arms (guns). This amendment also says that states are allowed to create their own militia (small army) to keep in case the national government becomes too powerful. By bearing arms, Americans are always prepared to use force in case the government abuses its power and becomes tyrannical. Act it Out! Second Amendment: make a firearm with your hands and say pow-pow 3 rd Amendment This amendment states that Americans do not have to quarter (keep in their house) soldiers from the army. This amendment was created to prevent what happened in the colonies with the Quartering Act. Act it Out! Make a hand-motion like your cocking your gun and then going to sleep on someones couch 4 th Amendment this amendment states that people and their belongings are protected from unreasonable search and seizurethis means that no one can search you and take your personal belongings without good reason. This amendment protects our privacy by preventing excessive surveillance from the government. Act it out! Do the hand-motion for searching and seizing! Check your Understanding What happened under British rule that caused the framers of the Constitution to create these amendments? Legal Rights and Protections: These next four amendments protect any citizen who is accused of a crime: 5 th Amendment This amendment states that all people accused of a crime have the right to a jury (a group of people who decide if you are innocent or guilty). It also states that you cannot be sent to trial for the same crime twice. It also says that police cannot force you to say anything that might incriminate you (make you look guilty of the crime). This amendment also guarantees that if you are accused of a crime, you have the right to have a trial. This process of having a fair trial is called the due process of law. Act it out! Make a handcuffed hand-motion to represent your rights when you are being arrested! 6 th Amendment This amendment says that all people accused of a crime have the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jurythis means that if you are accused of a crime, your trial will happen soon, it will be public, and the jury will be neutral (they will not pick people who know you or have strong feelings against you personally). 7 th Amendment This amendment says that civil cases (common law, non-criminal cases that have to do with money, divorce, or property) will also have a trial by jury. Act it Out! For 6 th and 7 th you have a right to a trial by jury make a hand motion like you are swearing into the trial to serve on the jury! 8 th Amendment: this amendment states that if you are accused of a crime and you are waiting in jail to go to trial, the judge cannot demand excessive bail (bail is the amount of money you pay to the court until you show up for your trial). If a person cannot pay the bail, they wait in jail until their trial. This amendment also protects people against cruel and unusual punishmentwhippings, beatings, and torture are considered cruel punishments today and are no longer used to punish criminals. Act it Out! Make a whipping motion to represent the 8 th amendment that protects you from cruel or unusual punishment. Other Rights and Powers: the 9 th and 10 th Amendments These last 2 amendments help keep a balance of power between the national government, the state governments, and the people. The 9 th Amendment: this amendment states that not all of our rights are listed in the Bill of Rights, but that doesnt mean we dont have those rights. EXAMPLE: ___________________________________ The 10 th Amendment: This amendment states that powers not given to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people. This helps to prevent a national government from becoming too powerful. Check your Understanding Which principle of the Constitution says that the national government has to share power with the state governments? Which amendment also describes this principle? ACTIVITY #2: Primary Source Match UP You will now work with a partner to match the words of the actual Bill of Rights with the correct amendment number. You may use your notes to help you rememberuse the key words and phrases that are bolded to help you match the amendment number and text correctly! We will check answers in 10 minutes. Amendment Match Up Answers: 1: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment (creation) of religion, or prohibiting (limiting) the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Amendment Match Up Answers: 2: A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed (limited). Amendment Match Up Answers: 3: No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent (permission) of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment Match Up Answers: 4: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendment Match Up Answers: 5: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law (trial in court) Amendment Match Up Answers: 6: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial (unbiased) jury of the Stateand to have the Assistance of Counsel (lawyer) for his defense. Amendment Match Up Answers: 7: In Suits at common law (civil court cases), where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Amendment Match Up Answers: 8: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendment Match Up Answers: 9: The enumeration (list) in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Amendment Match Up Answers: 10: The powers not delegated (given) to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Glue the Amendments Together! Glue the correct number to the back of each amendment. Use the paper clip to clip each stack of amendments together. Keep the cards with your HW for tonight! You will use your cards to help you complete your HW. Tonights HW: Review the Bill of Rights! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0MrJTEf9TE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0MrJTEf9TE Use the amendment cards to help you with your HW tonight!