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Srimad Bhagavad GitaCha ter 3Cha ter 3

Professor B Mahadevan

October 19 December 6, 2010

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, t&tIyae=Xyay>,, t&tIyae=Xyay>,, t&tIyae=Xyay>,, t&tIyae=Xyay>,kmRyaeg>kmRyaeg>kmRyaeg>kmRyaeg>

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Imd!-gvItaChapter 3

Main messages in the chapter

Why should we engage in action (work)*?

How to choose our domain of action?

How to free from bondage while in action?

B Mahadevan, IIM Bangalore

Leading by example How to avoid being a victim of situations?

Mutual dependence as an important elementof creating prosperity

* Action & work are interchangeably used here. It means kmR

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Imd!-gvItaChapter 3

In a nutshell

3.1, 3.2 Arjunas Question

3.3 Krishnas reaction to Arjuna: Two fold path 3.4 3.8 Some axioms of work

3.9 3.31 How to attain freedom from work 3.11 3.12 Notion of mutual dependence


. . acr ce a na pr nc p e re evance

3.21 3.25 Leading by example

3.27 3.29; 3.33 3.35 Ones own nature and itsrelationship to work

3.36 Arjunaa question: How not to become victim ofsituations

3.37 3.43: Krishnas reply to the question 3.37 Role of Kama and Krodha 3.38 3.43 Role ofrjae gu[> in this

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Slokas 1 2Arjuna seeks clarification

AjuRn %vac,AjuRn %vac,AjuRn %vac,AjuRn %vac,JyaysI ceTkmR[Ste mta buijRnadRn,tiTk< kmRi[ "aere ma< inyaejyis kezv. 3.1.


If knowledge is superior to action why are youpushing me to engage into terrible action (of war)

Vyaime[ev vaKyen bui< maehysIv me,tdek< vd iniTy yen eyae=hmaPnuyam!. 3.2.I am confused. Give me a considered advise.

n kmR[a n jya xnen TyagenEkeAm&tTvmanzu>.

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Slokas 4 5Axioms on Karma

n kmR[amnarM-at!nEE:kMy pu;ae=ute,n c s kmR svR> kitjEguR[E>. 3.5.No one can be without action even for a moment;By our nature and guna we are made to act

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Relevance of GitaDeveloping right perspectives towards work

Active Physical Attachment and Emotional

Detachment to work liberates you from thetyranny and boredom of work


The concept of Yajna

The notion ofmutual dependence

Understanding the deep relationship betweenNature & Man

Shunning away selfish behaviour

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Slokas 8 9Some more axioms of work

inyt< k kmR Tv< kmR Jyayae kmR[>,zrIryaaip c te n is(edkmR[>. 3.8.Action is superior to inaction; perform obligatory

This is in contrast

with agency theory


y}awaRTkmR[ae=Ny laekae=y< kmRbNxn>,tdw kmR kaENtey muKts> smacr. 3.9.All actions done with a sense ofYajna liberates fromthe bondage (of work & results)

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Slokas 10 11Yajna and its relevance

shy}a> ja> s&:qva puraevac japit>,Anen siv:yXv< @; vae=iSTvkamxuk. 3.10.Prajapati created people & the concept ofYajna;


Yajna

devaN-avytanen te deva -avyNtu v>,

prSpr< -avyNt> ey> prmvaPSyw. 3.11.Using Yajna attain prosperity by respecting theprinciple ofmutual dependence

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Giving is one of our core values

Taittriya Upanishad

ya deym! Give with reverence Aya=deym! Do not give with irreverence

e


!

ih+ya deym! Give with modesty i-ya deym! Give with fear s

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Yajna is everything in LifeChamaka Prasna

Aayu?yR}en? kLpta

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5 types of Yajna

p y}a> y}> - Study of Vedas (SvaXyay) dev y}> - Worship of God, making offerings


& - er ngs o paren s an ances ors mnu:y y}> - Offering to fellow human beings -Ut y}> - Offering to other living creatures

There is a larger principle of thanks giving, showing gratefulness

to the larger system of beings in existence

Taittriya Upanishad:SvaXyayaNma md>, sTyaNn midtVym!, xmaRNn midtVym!, kuzlaNn midtVym!,-UTyE n midtVym!, SvaXyayvcna_ya

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Taitriya UpanishadNature & Man - Relationship

tSmaa @tSmadaTmn

Aakaz> s, Akash (Sabda)Aakazaayu>, Akash to Vayu (Sparsha)e


Aerap>, Agni to Water (Rasa)A(> p&iwvI, Water to Earth (Gandha)

p&iwVya Aae;xy>, Earth to PlantsAae;xI_yae=m!, Plants to FoodAaTpu;>, Food to Progeny

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Relevance of GitaLeadership is a challenging proposition

Leadership is far more challenging

Very recently modern literature (servant leadership,emotional leadership etc.) is peeping into this domain

Basic requirements of leadership


itit]a (Chapter 2: Sloka 14) A capability to give up everything even when all resourcesare at ones disposal this is true empowerment

Engaging in action even when there is no fruit or need forfruits of action

Walking the talk as a serious issue for practice

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Relevance of GitaLeadership lessons

Be aware of the challenges of being a leader

as others look upon the leaders

Working without a reference frame of


, .

laeks

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Slokas 21 22Leading by example

y*dacrit e> tdevetrae jn>,s yTma[< kte laekStdnuvtRte. 3.21.Leading by example is the critical element of


n me pawaRiSt ktRVy< i;u laeke;u ik

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Relevance of GitaWork and Ones own nature

Every entity (including human beings) has some

inherent nature and that drives most of the activitiesin the world and shapes outcomes

Detaching one-self from these (forces of nature, and


outcomes) can indeed be the path to freedom fromwork and mental stresses associated with them

One tool for this is the principle of surrender (take the ego

out of the work), it eases a lot of mental tension Guna is a manifestation of the nature (Parkriti); Guna

leads to Karma; Karma is associated with Dharma

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Slokas 27 28Guna and Karma

kte> iyma[ain gu[E> kmaRi[ svRz>,AharivmUFaTma ktaRhimit mNyte. 3.27.All actions are performed in all cases merely by


.I am the doer.

tvivu mhabahae gu[kmRiv-agyae>,

gu[a gu[e;u vtRNte #it mTva n sJjte. 3.28.One who has true insights into Guna and Karmadoes not get attached. Bhagavan Ramana Maharishis call

to enquire Who am Ihelps to achieve

thisGuna Forces of Nature

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Mahanarayana UpanishadI am not the doer

kamae=ka;IRmae nm>, kamae=kazIRt!, kam> kraeit nah< kraeim kam> ktaR nah< ktaR kam> kariyta nah< kariyta


@; t kam kamay Svaha. mNyurka;IRmae nm>, mNyurka;IRt!, mNyu> kraeit nah< kraeim mNyu> ktaR nah< ktaR mNyu> kariyta nah< kariyta @; te mNyae mNyve Svaha.

Nature impels us to do many

things. When we are spirituallyawakened we are able to regulate

these natures functions

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Loka Samastat Sukhino BhavantuStafford Beer (1994, Interfaces (24:4:83 93)

Output is a self-regulating black box function of input

variety Managers often claim credit for the details of

outcomes that are actually products of the system,


credit from which they are disqualified by AshbysLaw of requisite variety

Self-determination of the system from its own

nature, of the implicit control which cyberneticspurports to discover in nature 5000 years too late to

count as originalResource Based View (RBV) theory in Strategy talks about Path Dependence

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Slokas 33 34Everyone has their own nature

sz< cete SvSya> kte}aRnvanip,kit< yaiNt -Utain inh> ik< kir:yit. 3.33.Even a wise person acts in accordance with his/her


suppression do?

#iNySyeiNySyaweR rage;aE VyviSwtaE,

tyaenR vzmagCDet!taE Sy pirpiNwnaE. 3.34.Attachment & Aversion of the sense organs for thesense objects are natural. They are robbers. Let

none come under their sway

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Sloka 35Ones own dharma is supreme

eyaNSvxmaeR ivgu[> prxmaRTSvnuitat!,SvxmeR inxn< ey> prxmaeR -yavh>. 3.35.Better is ones own dharma, though imperfect than


.

death in ones own dharma, another persons

dharma is fraught with fear.

Prakriti Guna Karma Dharma

All these are intrinsically related to one another.

SviSmn!Swane SviSmn kmRi[ SvSvpe[SwIyte #it SvSw> (Charaka Samhita)

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Relevance of GitaFlawless work thru Mind management

How to avoid blunders in life?

Desire & Anger are the two causes

They are stemming from Rajo Guna


hierarchical relationship Understanding this is

fundamental to managing this issue

Fighting the world of desires & anger is the true

war to be won

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Slokas 42 43Sense organs Master Vs Slave?

#iNyai[ pra{ya> #iNye_y> pr< mn>,mnsStu pra bui> yae bue> prtStu s>. 3.42.Sense organs are superior to body mind is

Pancha Kosha


mind Atman is superior to buddhi

@v< bue> pr< buva s

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Katha UpanishadYama to Nachiketa

Life is a journey towards fulfillment

Chariot Body

Horses Sensory System


Reins to control horses - Manas

Charioteer (who holds the reins) Buddhi

King (the Adhikari) - Atman

buitu sarit

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World View ActivitiesTwo contrasting processes

Sense Objects

(Outside World)Body Complex

Sensory System

Manas (Mind)

Buddhi (Intellect)

Sense Objects

(Outside World)

ParamatmanBuddhi (Intellect)

Manas (Mind)

Sensory System

Body Complex

Directio


go

(Jeevatman)

t

(Paramatman)

Maya The Delusion Viveka Enlightenment

ofControl

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Taitrya Upanishad Chapter 2Pancha Kosha concept

s y @v

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` tTsidit Imd` tTsidit Imd` tTsidit Imd` tTsidit Imd ----gvItasUpin;TsugvItasUpin;TsugvItasUpin;TsugvItasUpin;Tsuiv*aya< yaegzae Ik:[ajuRns. 3.

Documents

Session 21 Dec 6 2010 (301-343)