Context WCA Core Module &

Integrating Population and

Housing Censuses with

Agricultural Censuses

Session 2

Outline

• WCA 2010 and role of Population

and Housing Census

• International recommendations on

linked censuses.

• Why have an integrated census

programme.

• Place of integrated censuses within the Integrated Statistical System

Status of Censuses and Surveys

Ag census PH Census Ag Survey

Antigua and Barbuda 2007 2011

Bahamas 1994 2010 2008

Barbados 1989 2010 2006

Belize 2011 2010

Dominica (TBC) 1995 2011 2012

Grenada 2012 2011

Guyana 1952 2012

Haiti 2009 2003 1985

Jamaica 2007 2011

Montserrat 2010 (Ag Census pilot) 2011

Saint Kitts and Nevis 2000 2011

Saint Lucia 2007 2010 1999

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2000 2012 2005

Suriname 2008 2012 2013

Trinidad and Tobago 2004 2010 2013

Agriculture Data Collected

• Data not received by the Ministry

• Proper addresses were not available so agricultural households couldn’t be identified • Data incomplete • Data not requested • Insufficient human resources to process and analyse data

5 1

8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Agriculture in P&H Census Agriculture in Listing Ag Survey

Yes

No

2013 2012 2008 2006 1999 1985

Analysis and Use of agriculture data To develop a frame - 6 countries e.g. distribution of farmers by

type of crops grown and area

To identify households above a minimum size - 3 countries

To collect national data on agricultural characteristics of farm households - 5 countries e.g. Number of households with access to land for farming and the number of households engaged in agricultural

activities.

e.g. Generating data on the acreage of lands used by households for agricultural purposes including livestock.

4

3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Tabulated and Analysed Used

Yes

No

Issues in past agricultural

census programmes

How to satisfy demand for more data, such as food security

gender, and environment.

Complexity of topics such as food security, and difficulties in

collecting these in an agricultural census. Limited to holdings not all agricultural households

Points to need for coordination with population census and

also agricultural census as part of integrated system

Single operation: heavy questionnaire, demand for human

and financial resources and time for field work and data

processing

High cost on technical and other resources.

Delay in releasing data

Outline of agricultural

census/survey programme

CENSUS

CORE

MODULE

POPULATION

CENSUS

CENSUS SUPPLEMENTARY

MODULES

THEMATIC AGRICULTURAL

SURVEYS

Household food security

Aquaculture

Farm

labour

Agricultural practices

Land

Livestock

Irrigation

Crops

Themes

New approach for WCA2010:

Modular approach

Agricultural census: framework of integrated agriculture census and survey programme

Agricultural census: basic structural data and sampling frames.

o Core Census Module with or without census supplementary modules and community module

• Integrated approach agricultural data from P&H census replaces part or all of core module.

• Varies from providing data for frame > providing data usually collected in core module (for household farms)

• Agricultural census as frame for other ag surveys.

Modular Approach (2) Core census module

o Complete enumeration or large sample basis. • Countries can do core census module on a sample basis,

but the sample should be big enough to provide detailed geographic and other data.

• For small holdings (beneath minimum size limits) sampling can be used.

Census supplementary module(s)

o Collection of more detailed structural data conducted in conjunction with core census module or immediately after.

o Countries select topics for census supplementary modules according to needs.

o Thematic modules: on-going and in-depth surveys undertaken after agricultural census

What do the core and

supplementary modules cover?

Core module

o Include recommended minimum set of 16 core items.

o Include additional items from recommended sample items as

required for national needs.

o Limited structural data to cover:

• Key items for agricultural policy making and planning

• Data for items needed at small administrative units: districts or

villages

• Rare events: unusual crops or livestock

• Additional data needed to create sampling frames

• Data needed to make international comparisons

Supplementary modules

Select topics for survey(s) from recommended headings and items,

according to data needs.

One survey may cover items from different headings.

Select survey sample based on census frame.

Advantages of the new approach

Previous problems

High cost and demands on

resources.

Difficulty meeting demands

for more data.

Complexity of some census

topics.

Coordination with population

census.

Integration with agricultural

statistics programme.

Inclusion of all rural

households.

New programme

Modular approach: small core

module plus sample modules.

Can collect wider range of data

items through use of sampling.

Cover in more depth in

supplementary modules.

Guidelines for coordination

provided.

Census and survey

development integrated.

Option provided to expand

scope.

Part II:

Integrating Population and

Housing Censuses with

Agricultural Censuses

Current Recommendations UNSD Principles and Recommendations for Population and

Housing Censuses, Rev 2 2007

UNECE Conference of European Statistician

Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and

Housing 2006

FAO Recommendations World Census of Agriculture 2010

UNECA 2010 Africa Round of Population and Housing

Censuses 2008

Important to understand the change in emphasis between

the current round of censuses and previous rounds.

Previous rounds did not encourage joint activities for 2 main

reasons – different enumeration units (household and

holding) and overloading questionnaire

Existing issues Some agriculture data routinely collected but not sufficient

Items collected as part of population census: definitions inadequate

o Main occupation, industry of main occupation and employment status in main occupation

Underestimates number of farm households o usually based on short reference period which does not

capture seasonality o Criteria for main job may exclude households with several

activities, e.g. fishing

Not broad enough in scope

o no auxiliary information for sample design

Many countries don’t follow ILO standard classification o Difficult to identify agriculture households o Some ‘groups’ of agricultural households are omitted

Existing data insufficient: need for specific consideration of agriculture data and inclusion of limited number of items

Modalities for Linking PHC to AGCENSUS

Which approach? Depends on importance and complexity of agricultural sector. Extent of household production

o Cash cropping/large farms or mostly household production. Funding availability for agricultural census. Existing burden on population census.

Common concepts, definitions, classification Shared field materials

Use as a frame for agricultural census and surveys

Linked data during analysis from separate censuses

Joint Field

Operation of

full Agriculture

and

Population

Censuses

Basic Items

in Listing or

Population

Census

Extended

Agricultural Module in Population

Census

Why have an integrated census programme?

Advantages for the National Statistics System

Broader scope for enriched evidence base for policy (gender, poverty monitoring, etc)

Cost effectiveness

Regular agricultural data collection

Better definition of agricultural census coverage o identify non-agricultural households and minor

agricultural households often missed in agricultural census

Building a reliable sample frame for the agricultural censuses and surveys o Better quality sampling frame

o More efficient sample design

Linkage – reducing the total cost of the two censuses 50 % reduction in some countries

Coordinated approach rather than two separate

collections reduces costs

Shared infrastructure, logistics, personnel and

equipment can be used for both censuses

o Particularly census cartography

Smaller agricultural census possible by including basic

agricultural questions in population and housing census

Common master sample frame

o Reduces costs of separate listing to produce frame

Efficiency and Quality: Sample Design

and Sample Frame Up to date listing for the sample frame – more

reliable data

Additional information to optimize the sample design

o e.g. Types of crops, farm size for stratification

Better defined agricultural census coverage for frame

o Complete listing of agricultural households: no cut-offs

o Allows identification of family farms and for specialized surveys e.g. bee keeping which might otherwise be missed

Part III:

Agricultural Census in the

Integrated Statistical System

Broader Scope for Agriculture:

Integrated Statistical System

Traditionally focused on the structure of

agriculture and agricultural production.

Support to national accounts

o Provide data on SNA economic production

units: enterprises and establishments

o ISIC classification of agriculture

Under Global Strategy recognition of new data

demands: structure, production, farm

management, food security, household income

and expenditure, labour force and prices.

Broader Scope for Agriculture:

Global Strategy

Global Strategy extends agriculture to

economic, social and environmental

dimensions

Economic: Agricultural production,

markets, farm and nonfarm income and

survey data

Social: Reducing risk and vulnerability, food

security, gender

Environmental sustainability, climate

change adaptation, biofuels, land cover

and land use

Integrated Statistical System

What does it look like?

Coordinated data collection

o Timely, accurate, coherent and comparable data

Requires coordination among sectoral producers and

NSO

Elements include:

o Common concepts, definitions and classification

o Coherent results among producers removes

duplication of effort

o Integrated database – data integrated across various surveys allows cross – tabulations and in

depth analysis

Tools for Development of the Integrated

Statistical System – NSDS Issues

Paris21 Review - 10% of International Development

Association (IDA) countries had included

agriculture more-or-less appropriately in the NSDS

process (1999)

NSDS coverage of agriculture is generally poor -

including vital areas such as food security

In many countries the first generation NSDS was

NSO-centric

Agriculture activities often part of informal

economy

o Not well covered by statistics reporting systems

Tools for Development of the Integrated

Statistical System NSDS Advantages of

Mainstreaming

Mainstreaming agriculture into NSDS address issues of:

Statistical legislation not always covering the whole statistical system

Lack of coordination between NSOs and MoAs or deficient intra-sector coordination

Low profile of statisticians in agriculture ministries

Disorganized statistical functions