Session 16, Biography of Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq (ra)

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Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq

Abu Bakr's War Against the Apostates

In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful

Al Quran wa Sunnah Online Islamic University

Q1. After the death of the Prophet (s) Usamah’s army returned to Madinah. Why did ‘Umar and some of the other Companions suggest to Abu Bakr (r) that he should call off the expedition and keep the men of Usamah's army close by in Al-Madeenah?

Al Quran wa Sunnah Online Islamic University 2

ABU BAKR AS-SIDDEEQ A FINAL DECISION REGARDING

THE ARMY OF USAMAH

Q2. Abu Bakr decided to have 2 meetings with the companions. After the companions gave their opinions Abu Bakr gave a very decisive speech. What was his final decision regarding the army of Usamah?



THE ARMY OF USAMAH

Q3. Abu Bakr (ra) was following the command of the Prophet (s) by insisting that Usamah’s army leave for the expedition. What was the underlying reason for Abu Bakr going against the majority opinion?



THE ARMY OF USAMAH


THE ARMY OF USAMAH

Q4. How did Abu Bakr (ra) react when 'Umar (r) went to him and asked him, on behalf of certain members of the Ansaar, to appoint someone who was older than Usamah (r) to lead the army?


ABU BAKR AS-SIDDEEQ THE ETIQUETTES OF WAR

Q5. Name the ten matters (etiquettes of war) which Abu Bakr (ra) mentioned in his speech to Usamah’s departing army


ABU BAKR AS-SIDDEEQ

THE POLITICAL RAMIFICATIONS OF SENDING OUT USAMAH'S ARMY

Q6. What were the results of Abu Bakr (r) sending out Usamah’s army?


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Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq Abu Bakr's War Against the Apostates

Definition of Ar-Riddah(Apostasy)

► to return or to turn back ► to exit from the fold of Islam after first having been a Muslim


The Definition of Ar-Riddah(Apostasy)‘It is to cut oneself off from Islam; To discontinue Islam; This is a Muslim whose Islam is discontinued or terminated by his intention. So if a person has an intention of leaving Islam then he has left it. Also words or an action can make a person apostate, even if it is done out of mocking. For example if somebody makes fun of RasoolAllah (saw), they are just joking – that is Ridda, apostasy.

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Definition of Ar-Riddah (Apostasy)So words, actions and also stubbornness and disbelief are all things which can make one an apostate.Also, if he considers halaal to be haraam or if he considers haraam to be halaal then that is also Ridda or apostasy. Debating over whether or not one will apostatise is itself Apostasy. So, someone who is not sure about it and starts debating it, has apostatised.

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Definition of Ar-Riddah (Apostasy)A person becomes an apostate, based on these definitions, when he rejects something that every Muslim is required to know - such as prayer, Zakaat, the Prophethood of Muhammad (s) and other Prophets, and the duty to be loyal to other believers. Also, one becomes an apostate when one says or does something that clearly entails disbelief.

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Categories of Apostasy

Not Applying the Rulings of Allah:

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And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers. Suratul Ma’idah 5:44



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O you who believe, if you obey those who disbelieve, they will turn you back on your heels, and you will [then] become losers. (Qur' an 3: 149)



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And whoever is an ally to them (the disbelievers) among you - then indeed, he is [one] of them. Quran 5:51


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A man asked the Prophet (s), "When will the Hour be established O Allah's Messenger (s)?" The Prophet (s) asked, "What have you prepared for it?" The man said, "I haven't prepared for it much of prayers or fast or charity, but I love Allah and His Prophet." The Prophet (s) said, "You will be with those whom you love." [Bukhari]

1. Members of the first category of Apostasy returned to worship idols, as they did before Islam.2. Those of the second category of Apostasy, followed either Musailamah the Liar or Al-Aswad AI-'Ansee - each of whom claimed to be a prophet. 3. The third category, continued to believe in Islam, but they denied the compulsory nature of Zakaat and falsely interpreted Zakaat as being something that was specific to the lifetime of the Prophet (s). 17

Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq Abu Bakr's War Against the ApostatesThree Categories of Apostasy in the Time of Abu Bakr (ra)

Apostasy first appeared in 9 H. By the year 10 H, Islam had spread far, but there

were many weak-hearted Muslims who embraced Islam only due to fear.

Prophethood was something previously unknown to the Arabs. But once some people saw the success of the mission of Prophet Muhammad then they thought they should also claim to be prophets. 18



Riddah (Apostasy) Started During the Time of RasoolAllah (s).

But RasoolAllah (s) saw a dream before he passed away.

Bال Bق FيHرJد LخJال PيدHع Bس بHيBأ JنBع

HهJيBلBع Lالل]ه ل]ى Bص Hالل]ه Bول Lس Bر LتJع Hم BسعBلBى Bالن]اس LبLطJخBي Bو LهBو Bل]م BسBو

إHنFي Lالن]اس ا BهlيB أ Lول LقBي Bو LهBو HهHرBبJن Hما BهLيت HسJنL أ ثLم] HرJد BقJال BةBلJيBل LيتHر

Lأ Jد Bق Jن Hم HنJي Bار Bو Hس اعHي BرHذ فHي أBن] LتJيB أ Bر Bو

ا Bم LهLت JهHرBك Bف PبBهBذ

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HنJيBذ Bه ا Bم LهLتJل و]Bأ Bف ا BارBطBف ا Bم LهLت Jخ BفBن Bف

Bب Hاح Bص HنJيBذ]ابBكJال Hة Bام BمBيJال Bب Hاح BصBو HنBمBيJال

: رقم أحمد وأصله 11407مسند المكثرين، مسند باقي ،الصحيحين في

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RasoolAllah (saw) said: "O people, I have been shown the 'Night of Al-Qadr (Power),' but I was then made to forget it (so that I do not know exactly which night it is). And I was shown two gold bracelets on my arms; Disliking them, I blew on them, and they flew away. I interpreted those bracelets to mean the two liars: The one of Yemen (Al-Aswad Al-'Ansee), and the one of Yamaamah (Musailamah)."

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Arab tribes sent delegates to negotiate with Abu Bakr (ra), but they refused to pay him Zakaah

‘Umar went to the Khaleefah and said:'How can you fight against the Muslims (refusing to pay Zakaah) in spite of what the Prophet (s) said:

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Hالل]ه Bول Lس Bن] رBأ Lه BرBب JخBأ Bة BرJي Bر Lا هBبB أBن] أ Lت Jر HمLأ Bال Bق Bل]م BسBو HهJيBلBع Lل]ى الل]ه Bص

Bوا الLول LقBت]ى ي Bح Bالن]اس BلHات BقLأ JنBأ Lال] الل]هHإ BهBلH الB الB إ Bق JنBم Bف Lال] الل]هHإ BهBلH إ

Hه Fق BحHال] بHإ Lه Bس JفBن Bو LهBال Bي مFن Hم Bم BصBعHى الل]هBلBع LهLاب Bس HحBو

Hان BيمH Jاب اإلBتHصحيح مسلم - ك23



‘Umar Ibnul Khattaab said:“How can you fight them when RasoolAllah (s) said: 'I was commanded by Allah to fight the people until they testify that there is no God but Allah. If they do then they have protected themselves and their wealth.”

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Abu Bakr said, 'In the name of Allah, I will fight against anyone who differentiates between the Salaah and Zakaat, for indeed, Zakaat is the right of wealth. By Allah, were they to refuse to give me even a small female goat, one that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah (s), I would fight them for having refused to give it.'

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Abu Bakr (ra) said, “…Revelation has ceased to descend, and the religion is complete. Shall I allow it to decrease (i.e., to be changed and modified) while I am alive?"

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Abu Bakr (ra) gathered the Muslims and said:

“The land has sunk into disbelief. Their delegation has seen that you are few, so you would be unaware if approached by day or by night. The nearest of them is only a stage from you. The people were hoping that we would accept them and be reconciled with them. But we refused them and dissolved their treaty, so be ready.”

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Abu Bakr's Plan to Defend Al-Madeenah

1. He ordered the men to spend their nights in the Masjid2. He placed groups of guards at the various mountain passes 3. Over each set of guards Abu Bakr (ra) appointed battle-tested and brave leaders4. He requested the help of neighbouring tribes who were still Muslim

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The Apostates Fail to take Al-Madeenah

Just before Fajr the Muslim army took the apostates by surprise and attacked them from all directions. This victory for the Muslims marked the beginning of the Opening of Madinah.Many apostates were now terrified of the Muslims, and so they decided to make peace by sending Zakaat wealth to Madeenah.

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The Apostates Fail to take Al-Madeenah

Abu Bakr (ra) said:“I never felt fear in my heart after that day in the cave with RasoolAllah (s). That day I was afraid. I told RasoolAllah (s) that if one of them (Quraish) would just look to his feet he would see us. RasoolAllah (s) told me: “What do you think of two and Allah is the third?” 30



Abu Bakr used many methods to fight the apostates

He sent out 11 armies to fight in different areas;and he worked at strengthening the faith of the Muslims living amongst the apostate tribes

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Documents

Session 16, Biography of Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq (ra)