Upload
ag4healthnutrition
View
323
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Overview and Introduction toA4NH Theme 1
Laurian UnnevehrIFPRI
June 6, 2013
• Diet diversity is one important measure of diet quality• A healthy dietary diversity contributes to improved
nutrition– ASF, F&V, legumes
• Diet quality improvement not uniform with rising incomes
• Are there interventions that would improve diet quality more rapidly and efficiently?
• Focus on value chains for nutrient rich foods
A4NH Value Chain Research Focus: How to Promote Better Diet Quality?
Market Determinants of Diet Quality
• Income– Diet quality improves through diversification– Outcomes improve slowly– For 10% increase in GDP/cap, a 6%
decrease in child stunting • Prices
– Relative prices– eg., staples prices declining relative to more nutrient rich foods
– Opportunity cost of time– eg., switch to more processed foods with urbanization
• Preferences and cultural norms– Shape pathway towards diet diversity, eg. ASF increases with
income vary widely
Market Failures inNutrition and Food Safety
• Consumer knowledge about nutrition, nutrient content/ safety of foods is incomplete
• Supply constraints for nutrient rich foods--perishability, seasonality, variable nutrient content, food safety challenges
• Result: market incentives under reward improved nutrition and food safety.
• Public underinvestment in nutrient rich foods (focus on staple crops), and in public health oriented food safety (focus on meeting standards for high income market access)
Diet Quality Improves (Slowly) with Income Growth
Low Income Lower Middle Developed0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Diet DiversityAnimal Protein
Diet diversity is the percent calories from non-staples; Animal protein is gm/cap/day.Source: FAO
100 300 500 700 900 110010
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Bangladesh
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem Rep
Côte d'Ivoire
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
India
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
MalawiMali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Nepal
Niger
Nigeria
Pakistan
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Dietary Diversification vs. GDP Per Capita (2007)
GDP Per Capita (US $)
Diet
Div
ersifi
catio
n In
dex
y = 0.0086x + 30.366R² = 0.0724
2005
8738
525
53
85130
24
Bangladesh: Food Group Shares of Total Food Supply (kcal/capita/day)
Grains, Roots, and TubersLegumes and NutsDairy ProductsFlesh FoodsEggsFruits and VegetablesSugarsOils and FatsMiscellaneous
1257
268
6965
2 151
93168
63
Tanzania: Food Group Shares of Total Food Supply (kcal/capita/day)
Grains, Roots, and TubersLegumes and NutsDairy ProductsFlesh FoodsEggsFruits and VegetablesSugarsOils and FatsMiscellaneous
Data Source: FAO Food Balance Sheets, 2009
1596
10056
515
75
285
63
468
90
China: Food Group Shares of Total Food Supply (kcal/capita/day)
Grains, Roots, and Tubers
Legumes and Nuts
Dairy Products
Flesh Foods
Eggs
Fruits and Vegetables
Sugars
Oils and Fats
Miscellaneous
Data Source: FAO Food Balance Sheets, 2009
• Diet diversity is one important measure of diet quality• A healthy dietary diversity contributes to improved
nutrition– ASF, F&V, legumes
• Diet quality improvement not uniform with rising incomes
• Are there interventions that would improve diet quality more rapidly and efficiently?
• Focus on value chains for nutrient rich foods
A4NH Value Chain Research Focus: How to Promote Better Diet Quality?
Inputs into production
Food production
Food storage and processing
Food distribution and transport
Food retail and labeling
Value Chain Approach
Consumer
Producer Supply side
Test & evaluate solutions
Demand side
Characterize diets, market access and constraints to
consumption of nutritious, safe foods
Test new tools to improve knowledge, awareness,
and demand for nutrition and safety along the value
chain
Identify bottlenecks and production constraints to improved nutrition and
safety in the entire value chain
Example: Creating economic and nutritional value from
Orange-fleshed sweet potato(OFSP), Mozambique
Source: Coote et al. In: Hawkes and Ruel, IFPRI 2020 Conference Background Paper #4, 2011
↑production
↑ market opportunities
↑consumption
↑vitamin A nutrition
Elements of This Approach
• Each value chain study for a nutrient-rich food should include all of these elements: – dietary and nutritional assessment of target population– identification of key foods to improve / diversify diets– mapping of the value chain for these foods– identification of constraints to supply and to demand– developing and/or testing interventions– assessment of impact on diets of target population
Changes in Value Chains that Could Improve Nutrition
• Technologies– Improvements in production, storage, handling, processing, or marketing to
reduce nutritional loss, improve access, or reduce safety risks, eg. Greater seasonal availability for fruits
• Information– Increased demand for improved safety and nutrition through education or
improved incentives for different actors in the value chain, eg. Nutrition education with improved vegetable seeds
– Nutritional quality reflected in prices and/or made more affordable, eg., quality certification for locally sourced infant foods
• Policies and Institutions– New contractual arrangements create incentives to deliver more nutrient
rich foods or to create demand for such foods, eg. Home grown school lunch programs
Center/Value Chain/ Countries
Title How Research is Improving Nutrition
AVRDC/Vegetables/Bangladesh
Enhanced nutritional outcomes of populations through nutrition-sensitive agricultural promotion by a vegetable seed company
Improved nutrition knowledge and enhanced vegetable productivity
WorldFish/ Fish/ Bangladesh
Expanded research on dried small fish in Bangladesh to improve nutrition in the first 1,000 days of life
New infant food from nutrient dense locally produced food
IDS & ILRI/Dairy/Bangladesh
Assessing the Impacts of Efforts to Enhance Access to Nutritious Foods: Grameen Danone Case
Enhanced nutrition in an affordable food product
ILRI/ASF/Kenya The relationship between livestock value chains and nutritional status of women and children: a pilot study in Kenya
Understanding role of ASF value chains in nutritional outcomes
ICRAF/Fruit/Kenya &Peru
Leveraging fruit value chains for sustainable and healthier diets in Kenya and Peru
Expanding fruit intake in diets of target populations
Seed Grants Awarded to Expand Research
Other New Research in Theme 1Institution/Value Chain/ Countries
Title How Research is Improving Nutrition
Tufts/Infant Food/ Africa
Nutritional Composition and Quality Challenges for Locally Sourced Infant Foods
Providing affordable infant foods
IFPRI/Dairy/India Awareness and Valuation of Nutrition and Food Safety Attributes among Dairy Consumers in India
Improved nutritional quality of milk
U. Pretoria/F&V/S. Africa
Food safety on fresh produce wholesale markets in South Africa: Dual standards development on local markets
Improved food safety for fruits and vegetables
GAIN/F&V/ Kenya &Tanzania
Production and Access to Improved Vegetables
Nutrition education, improved processing for better access
Imperial College/School Feeding/ Ghana
Measuring the impact of "home-grown" school feeding programmes linking agriculture, nutrition, health and education
Improved diets for school children and enhanced local farmer income
Scaling Up and Out
• Are there lessons across countries for the same commodity?
• How do interventions in multiple value chains within one country result in overall food system change?
• Purpose of the Workshop– To review research plans for new activities in the A4NH
program to enhance nutrition in value chains; to identify synergies and gaps in the research portfolio; and to explore potential partnerships to support and extend these activities.
• Format– Overview of indicators and measuring impact pathways– Presentation of research plans and discussant comments– Summary panel