Session 01 Introduction to Mainframe v1.0

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Introduction to Mainframe

Learner

Session 01 : Introduction to Mainframe


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About the Author

Created By: Mahadevi Samidurai (179541)

CredentialInformation:

7 Years of Experience in Testing which includes 5 years inMainframe Testing

Version and

Date:

IMT/PPT/1010/1.0


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Icons Used

Questions

Contacts

Reference

Try it Out

Hands onExercise

CodingStandards

Test YourUnderstanding

Tools

AWelcomeBreak


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Introduction to Mainframe Session [1]:Overview

Introduction: As a technical professional in the world of mainframe

computing, you will need to understand how mainframe

computers support your companys IT infrastructure and

business goals


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Introduction to Mainframe Session [1] :Objective

Objective:After completing this session, you will be able to: Explain how businesses make use of mainframe

processing power, the typical uses of mainframes

Write the major types of workloads for which

mainframes are best suited Gain knowledge on how to connect Mainframe and

configure key map in IBM Personal Communicationand also saving the session


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What is Mainframe?

Mainframe is a secured computer system designed tocontinuously work for critical applications typically for bulkdata processing

Mainframe: Introduction


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Mainframes combine three important features: Maximum reliable single-thread performance

Maximum I/O Connectivity

Maximum I/O Bandwidth

Mainframe: Introduction (Contd.)


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Brief History of Mainframe

Year Evolution

1944 Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)

1948 Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator

1952 Electronic Data Processing System, the IBM 701

1956 IBM RAMAC 305

1958 7070 Data Processing System

1962 Low cost 1440 Data Processing System

1964 System/360

1970 IBM System/370 Model 145


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Brief History of Mainframe (Contd.)

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1972 System/370 with Virtual Storage

1990 System/390 with Enterprise Systems Architecture

2000 IBM eServer zSeries 900

2003 eServer zSeries 990

2005 IBM System z9 Integrated Information Processor

(IBM zIIP)

2006 System z9 BC

2008 System z10 BC


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Mainframe: Reasons to Choose

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Reliability

Availability

Serviceability

Security

Scalability

Continuing compatibility

Evolving architecture

Extensibility

Total cost of ownership

Environment friendly


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Mainframe Computers: Users

Banking

Finance Health Care

InsuranceGovernment

Public andPrivate

Enterprises


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Mainframe Testing Overview

Batch Testing

The mainframe job will be

submitted and the output

of the job will be verified

as per the business

requirements

Usually the Batch testing

is the back-end process

Online Testing

MainframeTesting

Online testing is a front-

end process which is

done through various

Online Transaction

Processing (OLTP)

applications

Mainframe Testing is similar to client-server application testing, but we need to operate basic TSO,

ISPF commands and menus, view mainframe files, look at the SDSF


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Most mainframe workloads fall into one of two

categories: Batch Processing

Online Transaction Processing

Figure 1. Typical mainframe workloads

Mainframe Transaction Processing


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Batch applications are processed on themainframe without user interaction

Batch processes typically have the followingcharacteristics:

Large amounts of input data are processed and stored

Large numbers of records are accessed

Large volume of output is produced

Information is generated about large numbers of users ordata entities

Mainframe Batch Processing


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Figure2 Typical Batch Use

Mainframe Batch Processing (Contd.)


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In Figure 2, consider the following elements at work in

the scheduled batch process:1. At night, numerous batch jobs running programs and utilities

are processed. These jobs consolidate the results of the onlinetransactions that take place during the day.

2. The batch jobs generate reports of business statistics.

3. Backups of critical files and databases are made before andafter the batch window.

4. Reports with business statistics are sent to a specific area foranalysis the next day.

5. Reports with exceptions are sent to the branch offices.

6. Monthly account balance reports are generated and sent to allbank customers.



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7. Reports with processing summaries are sent to the partner

credit card company8. A credit card transaction report is received from the partner

company

9. In the production control department, the operations area ismonitoring the messages on the system console and theexecution of the jobs

10. Jobs and transactions are reading or updating the database(the same one that is used by online transactions) and manyfiles are written to tape



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Benefits of Batch Processing

It allows sharing of computer resources among manyusers and programs

It shifts the time of job processing to when the computingresources are less busy

Consumes less time and avoids the resources idle time By keeping high overall rate of utilization, it better

amortizes the cost of a computer, especially an expensiveone



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Transaction processing that occurs interactivelywith the end user is referred to as OnlineTransaction Processing or OLTP

Most people are familiar to Online Transactions.Examples include:

ATM machine transactions such as deposits, withdrawals,inquiries, and transfers

Supermarket payments with debit or credit cards

Purchase of merchandise over the Internet

Mainframe Online TransactionProcessing


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In fact, an online system performs many of thesame functions as an operating system:

Managing and dispatching tasks

Controlling user access authority to system resources

Managing the use of memory

Managing and controlling simultaneous access to datafiles

Providing device independence

Mainframe Online TransactionProcessing (Contd.)


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Some industry who uses of mainframe-basedonline systems include:

Banks ATMs, teller systems for customer service

Insurance Agent systems for policy management andclaims processing

Travel and transport Airline reservation systems Manufacturing Inventory control, production

scheduling

Government Tax processing, license issuance andmanagement


f l


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Online transactions usually have the followingcharacteristics:

A small amount of input data, a few stored recordsaccessed and processed, and a small amount of data asoutput

Immediate response time, usually less than one second Large numbers of users involved in large numbers of

transactions


f O l


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Round-the-clock availability of the transactionalinterface to the user

Assurance of security for transactions and userdata


M i f O li T i


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In a bank branch office, for example, customers use online

services when checking an account balance or making aninvestment

Figure3 Typical Online Use


M i f O li T ti


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Figure 3 shows a series of common onlinetransactions using a mainframe

1. A customer uses an ATM, which presents a user-friendlyinterface for various functions: Withdrawal, query accountbalance, deposit, transfer, or cash advance from a credit

card account.2. Elsewhere in the same private network, a bank employee

in a branch office performs operations such as consulting,fund applications, and money ordering.


M i f O li T ti


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3. At the bank's central office, business analysts tune

transactions for improved performance. Other staff usespecialized online systems for office automation toperform customer relationship management, budgetplanning, and stock control.

4. All requests are directed to the mainframe computer

for processing.

5. Programs running on the mainframe computer performupdates and inquiries to the database managementsystem (for example, DB2).

6. Specialized disk storage systems store the database

files.



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How to connect Mainframes through Terminal

Emulator? Mainframes can be connected from Windows through an

Emulator

IBM Personal Communications (PCOM) is the widely

used emulator To connect Start -> All Programs -> IBM PersonalCommunications -> Start or Configure

(Note: IBM PCOM should be installed in your PC before going into this

step)

Mainframe Configuration


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Click Configure button

Note: The configuration process may vary in different versions ofPCOM. In this document we have used IBM PCOM Version 5.9

Mainframe Configuration (Contd.)


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Mainframe Configuration(Contd.)

On clicking the configure button, the below screen is

displayed

Click Link Parameters button

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The below screen is displayed

As given in the above screen enter the IP Address as10.237.5.102 (This IP address is for CognizantMainframe, this may vary in Client Mainframes)

Click OK button

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The below screen is displayed

Now you can login to mainframe using yourmainframe user-id and password. (Login procedurewill be explained in TSO / ISPF chapter)

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Configuring Keyboard

To use copy, paste and cut facility in the emulator,you need to create a Key-Map

To map the keys, click the Remap Keyboard Functionsicon in the toolbar. The below screen will bedisplayed

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In the above screen, under Function select Edit

Copy, click C from the keys displayed and click ->button corresponding to Ctrl. Similarly map thekeyboard as below

Click on File -> Save to save the Key-Map. Now youcan use Copy, Paste and Cut operation using Ctrl+C,Ctrl+V and Ctrl+X respectively

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Operation Function Key Action KeyCopy Edit Copy C Ctrl

Paste Edit Paste V Ctrl

Cut Edit Cut X Ctrl


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Saving the Session

To save the current settings and configuration for thesession, click on File -> Save the below dialog-box isdisplayed

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In the file-name textbox, enter the name you want to

save in and Click OK button. The below dialog-box isdisplayed.

Click on Yes button

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The below dialog-box is displayed

Click OK button (make sure Add icon into the folder ofDesktop check-box is enabled). Now the session issaved and you can see the shortcut on the desktop as

shown

Now you can directly (without configuring) invoke themainframe from your desktop

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Allow time for questions from participants


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Test Your Understanding

1. Why mainframes are used?

a) Huge Memory Capacityb) Security

c) Both a & b

2. To save your current mainframe session, what is themenu navigation?

a) File -> Save

b) File -> Save Session

c) File -> Save As

3. What is the name of the keyboard configuration file?

a) Key-board settings fileb) Key-Map

c) Key-Layout File

Introduction to Mainframe Session [1]:


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Introduction to Mainframe Session [1]:Summary

Mainframes are large and expensive computers

In banking, finance, health care, insurance, utilities,government, and a multitude of other public and privateenterprises, the mainframe computer continues to formthe foundation of modern business

Mainframe Testing is similar to client-server application

testing, but we need to operate basic TSO and ISPFcommands and menus, view mainframe files, look at theSDSF

Usually the Batch testing is the back-end process whereas Online testing is a front-end process which is done

through various online transaction processing (OLTP)applications

Introduction to Mainframe Session[1] :


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Introduction to Mainframe Session[1] :Source

Disclaimer: Parts of the content of this course is based on the materials available from the Web sites

and books listed above. The materials that can be accessed from linked sites are not maintained by

Cognizant Academy and we are not responsible for the contents thereof. All trademarks, service marks,

and trade names in this course are the marks of the respective owner(s).

http://pdf-free-download.com/ibm-mainframe-blac

http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainf

IBMs System/390 by Computer TechnologyResearch Corp.
http://pdf-free-download.com/ibm-mainframe-blackbook.pdfhttp://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_intro.htmlhttp://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_intro.htmlhttp://pdf-free-download.com/ibm-mainframe-blackbook.pdf

Documents

Session 01 Introduction to Mainframe v1.0