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s t r g s s g k m o k g g r o k m s g r v o ` g s

Lgsomk

dkl

\gstokm

Dlvdk`gagkts ok Lgsomk

dkl \gstokm ni Pfroke-]rdppgl

\rdy-Hdsgl Pg`nkldry Rd`edmokmHy Ldcg Ekn`fgkauss

 Kgw tg`fkoqugs fdvg hggk lgvgcnpgl tn tgst tfg ok`rgdsokmcy `naank

sfroke-wrdppgl trdy-hdsgl `dsgs dkl ukot cndls. \fos typg ni sg`nkldry 

 pd`edmokm os stru`turdccy vgry loiigrgkt irna trdlotonkdc `nrrumdtgl `dsgs

wotf d `nrrgspnklokm kggl inr kgw agtfnls ni tgstokm dkl dkdcysos. \fg

`fdrd`tgrosto`s ni tfgsg `dsgs wocc hg los`ussgl dkl kgw tgstokm dkl dkdcysos

agtfnls prgsgktgl.

Ptrgss Gkmokggrokm Pgrvo`gs fds ygdrs ni gxpgrogk`g wotf tfg lgsomk, dkdcysos dkl tgstokm

ni pd`edmokm. D somkoio`dkt pnrtonk ni tfos wnre fds okvncvgl pcdsto` `nktdokgrs inr innl

dkl `nksuagr proadry pd`edmokm, typo`dccy hnttcgs. ]g fdvg fgcpgl `cogkts lgsomk kgw

pd`edmgs ds wgcc ds prnvolokm gkmokggrokm dssostdk`g wotf `fdkmgs tn gxostokm pd`edmgs.

\fg strnkm ok`gktovg tn rglu`g `nsts dkl cgssgk tfg gkvornkagktdc hurlgk ni pd`edmokm

nitgk cgdls nur `cogkts tn rgqugst fgcp ok oapcgagktokm lgsomk `fdkmgs, su`f ds pd`edmgwgomft rglu`tonks nr –comftwgomftokm‑, wfo`f fdvg tfg pntgktodc tn diig`t tfg stru`turdc

pgrinradk`g ni tfg pd`edmg.

\fg trgkl tnwdrl usg ni sfroke-wrdppgl trdys okstgdl ni `nrrumdtg `dsgs inr sg`nkldry

pd`edmokm (Iomurg 4) fds ok`rgdsgl tfg oapnrtdk`g ni d systgadto` dpprnd`f tn tfg nvgrdcc

pd`edmokm dkl trdkspnrtdtonk ni d prnlu`t. Kn nkg pd`edmokm gcgagkt `dk hg gx`cusovgcy

nptoaozgl (g.m. inr `nst, wgomft, gkvornkagktdc oapd`t) wotfnut `nksolgrokm tfg hrndlgr

mndc ni mgttokm tfg prnlu`t tn adregt sdigcy dkl giio`ogktcy.

Iomurg 4: Gxdapcgs ni \rdy/]rdp @dsg Rd`edmokm 

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s t r g s s g k m o k g g r o k m s g r v o ` g s

8

\rdy/]rdp vs. @nrrumdtg @dsgs\rdy pd`egl `dsgs wotf fgdt-sfroke nvgrwrdp drg iukldagktdccy

loiigrgkt irna `nrrumdtgl `dsgs ok tfdt tfg ag`fdko`dc oktgmroty

ni tfg `dsg os lgpgklgkt upnk tfg `naprgssovg inr`g mgkgrdtgl

hy tfg nvgrwrdp tn fncl tfg hnttcgs dkl trdy tnmgtfgr. \fg oktgkt

os tn prnlu`g d `dsg wotf aokoadc pd`edmokm wgomft dkl `nst

wfo`f stocc fds suiio`ogkt strgkmtf dkl romoloty tn hg fdklcgl gds-

ocy, dssgahcg oktn stdhcg ukot cndls, dkl survovg tfg lostrohutonk

systga oktd`t dkl wotfnut `nsagto` ldadmg tn tfg proadry

pd`edmgs. ]otf tfg ok`rgdsokm gapfdsos hgokm pcd`gl nk gkvo-

rnkagktdc ossugs, ot sfnucl dcsn hg kntgl tfdt trdy/wrdp pd`e-

dmokm fds tfg pntgktodc tn adeg d vdcudhcg `nktrohutonk tn tfg

nvgrdcc gkvornkagktdc sustdokdhocoty ni d pd`edmokm systga.

Dllotonkdc loiigrgk`gs hgtwggk `nrrumdtg dkl trdy/wrdp `dsgs drg

dppdrgkt wfgk tfgy drg usgl tn huocl d ukot cndl. \fg `nrrumdtg

ok iucc `dsgs `drrogs snag nr dcc ni tfg tnp cndl tfdt os trdksaottgl

lnwk tn tfg pdccgt. Ok trdy/wrdp `dsgs tfos inr`g aust knw hg

`drrogl gktorgcy hy tfg proadry pd`edmg. Rd`edmg lgsomkgrs dkl

pd`edmokm gkmokggrs drg wgcc dwdrg ni tfg oapnrtdk`g ni tnp cndl

strgkmtf dkl eknw ot fds tn hg `nksolgrgl. Ot fds hggk nur gxpgro-

gk`g tfdt `dsg tnp cndl strgkmtf dkl stoiikgss ady oaprnvg wotftrdy/wrdp `dsgs sok`g tfg hnttcgs ady hg stoiigr dkl strnkmgr tfdk

tfg `nrrumdtg surrnuklokm tfga (Iomurg 8 - \rdy/]rdp dkl

@nrrumdtg @dsg \np Cndl \gst Ldtd).

Pfgdr Ptoiikgss dkl Hu`ecokm4

Dk gcgagkt ni trdy/wrdp `dsg lgsomk tfdt os knt `naankcy rg`nmkozgl

os tfg oapnrtdk`g ni sfgdr stoiikgss. Fnroznktdc inr`gs `rgdtg sfgdr

cndls tfdt wocc tgkl tn lginra dk oklovoludc `dsg nr d iucc ukot cndl oktn

d pdrdccgcnmrda (Iomurg 0). Fnroznktdc inr`gs drg mgkgrdtgl wfgk d

vgfo`cg trdkspnrtokm d ukot cndl d``gcgrdtgs nr hrdegs quo`ecy (g.m. rdoc

`dr swot`fokm) nr irna tfg cdtgrdc swdyokm antonks tfdt rgsuct irna

rndl orrgmucdrotogs lurokm tru`eokm. \fg usg ni suppcgagktdc rgstrdokts,

hcn`eokm nr hrd`okm `dk rglu`g fnroznktdc antonk dkl diig`t fnw ot os

trdksaottgl tn tfg prnlu`t hut lnk‟t gcoaokdtg ot gktorgcy.

\fg cdrmg dt solg pdkgcs nk `nrrumdtgl `dsgs, tfg prnlu`t ok tfg `dsg

dkl tfg rgokinr`okm giig`t ni std`eokm `dsgs `cnsg tnmgtfgr ok ukot

cndls, dcc sgrvg tn `rgdtg d stoii stru`turg tfdt giig`tovgcy rgsosts sfgdr

cndls. Ot os rgcdtovgcy uk`naank inr `nrrumdtgl `dsgs tn fdvg prnh-

cgas wotf sfgdr stoiikgss. \fos os knt dcwdys trug inr trdy/wrdp `dsgs.

Ds wotf vgrto`dc tnp cndl, tfg hnttcgs tfdt drg pd`egl ok sfroke-

wrdppgl trdys `nkstotutg tfg proadry stru`turdc gcgagkt rgsostokm

tfg fnroznktdc inr`gs tfdt `dusg sfgdr. Gd`f hnttcg d`ts ds d

sadcc `ncuak tfdt os nitgk rgcdtovgcy scgklgr dkl tfdt `dk toct

solgwdys uklgr tfg dpprnprodtg fnroznktdc cndl `nklotonks.

Xgsostdk`g tn tfos toctokm os prnvolgl hy tfg `nktd`t drgds dt tfg

hdsg dkl `dp ni tfg hnttcg, iro`tonk wotf dljd`gkt hnttcgs, dkl tfg

prgsgk`g ni tfg `nrrumdtgl trdy dkl sfroke wrdp. Hnttcg-tn-hnttcg

iro`tonk os okugk`gl hy tfg cn`dtonk dkl kuahgr ni `nktd`t pnokts

Iomurg 0: @nrrumdtgl Hnx Lginradtonk Lug \n Pfgdr Cndlokm 

Iomurg 8: \rdy/]rdp dkl @nrrumdtg @dsg \np Cndl \gst Ldtd

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s t r g s s g k m o k g g r o k m s g r v o ` g s

 0

hgtwggk hnttcgs dkl tfg `nktd`t stoiikgss ni tfg hnttcg. \fg `na-hokgl inr`gs rgstrdokokm cdtgrdc antonk ok d trdy pd`edmg prnvolg

au`f cnwgr stoiikgss tfdk tfg sdag prnlu`t pcd`gl ok d iucc `dsg.

\fg sfgdr stoiikgss ni prnlu`t `dsgs os oapnrtdkt inr survovdc lurokm

hntf trdkspnrtdtonk dkl wfocg std`egl ok d wdrgfnusg. \fg dhocoty ni 

d ukot cndl ni sfroke-wrdppgl trdy `dsgs tn survovg lnuhcg- nr tropcg-

std`eokm ok d wdrgfnusg ady sgga tn hg gktorgcy d iuk`tonk

ni tnp-cndl strgkmtf hut sfgdr stoiikgss pcdys d rncg fgrg tnn.

@nccdpsg ni std`egl ukot cndls `dk n``ur hy sgvgrdc ag`fdkosas:

4. Ygrto`dc `rusfokm ni tfg `dsg dkl/nr tfg prnlu`t uklgr

tfg tnp cndl.

8. –Gucgr hu`ecokm‑“ D tdcc `ncuak `dk idcc nvgr gvgk oi 

tfgrg os kn solgwdys cndl, lug tn stru`turdc okstdhocoty

oklu`gl hy ots nwk wgomft. Dctfnumf d std`e os knt d tdcc,

tfok `ncuak ot os prnkg tn tfg sdag idocurg ag`fdkosa

hg`dusg, rgcdtovg tn ots fgomft, ot os icgxohcg ok tfg cdtgrdc

lorg`tonk. Gucgr hu`ecokm os d iuk`tonk ni std`e fgomft dkl

wgomft.

0. –Pfgdr hu`ecokm‑“ \fos os d cgssgr eknwk pfgknagknk,

ok wfo`f d sokmcg cdygr ni d pdccgt sfgdrs solgwdys. \fos

ady snagtoag hg nhsgrvgl ok wnnl struts uklgr `na-prgssonk. Wkcoeg Gucgr hu`ecokm, sfgdr hu`ecokm lgpgkls

nkcy nk tfg wgomft dkl knt nk tfg fgomft.

Ot os prnpnsgl tfdt std`egl ukot cndl pgrinradk`g `dk hg gstoadt-

gl hdsgl nk tfg strgkmtf dkl stoiikgss `fdrd`tgrosto`s ni tfg `na-

pnkgkt pdrts. D anrg gcgagktdc dpprnd`f wnucl anvg lnwk tn

tfg cgvgc ni tfg oklovoludc hnttcgs, oktgrd`tonks hgtwggk tfga, dkl

tfg sfroke wrdp, `nrrumdtg dkl ntfgr igdturgs ni tfg `dsg nr trdy.

\fos rgquorgs anrg okinradtonk dhnut tfg prnpgrtogs ni gd`f `na-

pnkgkt dkl anrg gxtgksovg trgdtagkt ni tfgor hgfdvonrs. @dsgs nr

trdys drg anrg gdsocy tgstgl ok wdys tfdt `dk `dpturg rgcgvdkt pgr-inradk`g `fdrd`tgrosto`s tfdt drg usgiuc dkl rgdlocy uklgrstnnl.

Dppcyokm tfg tg`fkoqugs ni `cdsso`dc ag`fdko`s, nkg dpprnd`f tn

ukot cndl std`e stdhocoty dkdcysos usgs twn vdcugs wfo`f `dk hg

agdsurgl gxpgroagktdccy, tfg vgrto`dc `naprgssonk stoiikgss,

gxprgssgl ok ch/sq. ok., dkl tfg sfgdr stoiikgss ok tfg sdag ukots.

\fos stoiikgss qudktoty os gquovdcgkt tn twn iukldagktdc adtgrodc

prnpgrtogs, _nukm‟s Anlucus, G, dkl tfg sfgdr anlucus, M.\fg gxpgroagktdc vdcugs tfdt drg kgglgl drg tfg tnp cndl nr

`naprgssonk stoiikgss dkl tfg cdtgrdc nr sfgdr stoiikgss. G dkl M

drg `dc`ucdtgl irna `napnkgkt stoiikgssgs hy tfg gqudtonks,

wfgrg

c

1 cnkm solg ni `nktdokgr nr trdy

w 1 sfnrt solg ni `nktdokgr nr trdy

f 1 fgomft

e `nap 1 `naprgssonk stoiikgss

e sfgdr 1 sfgdr stoiikgss

Gucgr hu`ecokm ni d `ncuak uklgr ots nwk wgomft os movgk hy 8

wfgrg

O 1 anagkt ni okgrtod

C 1 `ncuak fgomft

\fg sfgdr hu`ecokm cndl rglu`gs tn d vgry soapcg inraucd

wfgrg,

Dukot 1 Rcdk drgd nr –inntprokt‑ ni tfg ukot cndl

Ntfgr somkoio`dkt id`tnrs wfo`f fdvg knt hggk dllrgssgl fgrg

drg tfg ossugs ni toag-lgpgklgkt hgfdvonr. Hgokm `naankcy

adlg ni pcdsto`, hnttcgs drg dcanst `grtdokcy vos`ngcdsto` gvgk dt

dahogkt tgapgrdturgs, dkl wocc lginra wotf toag. Ptd`eokm pdt-tgrks, tgapgrdturg, pdccgt `nkiomurdtonk, fuaoloty dkl ntfgr

id`tnrs wocc dcsn okicugk`g tfg stdhocoty ni trdy `dsgs ok std`egl

stnrdmg `nklotonks.0,< \fg dllotonkdc lginradtonk d``uaucdtgl

ok d pgronl ni wgges nr anktfs ady hg d id`tnr ni 8 tn 42 toags

tfg okotodc lgicg`tonk tfdt os agdsurgl wfgk d cndl os iorst

dppcogl, wotf d `nksgqugkt rglu`tonk hy tfg sdag id`tnr ok tfg

stoiikgss dkl fgk`g tfg hu`ecokm cndls.

G 1 e`napfwc

M 1 esfgdrfwc

R̀ nap1 2.=?7

 C8

ς 8 GO 

,

Rsfgdr 1 MDukot

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s t r g s s g k m o k g g r o k m s g r v o ` g s

<

\gstokm Agtfnls\fg pd`edmokm dkl trdkspnrtdtonk oklustrogs fdvg cnkm rg`nm-

kozgl tfg oapnrtdk`g ni tnp cndl nr vgrto`dc `naprgssonk tgsts

ds wgcc ds fnroznktdc oapd`ts dkl inr`gs. Irna dk gkmokggrokm

pgrspg`tovg ot os lgsordhcg tn mn hgynkl qudcotdtovg gvdcudtonk

ni wfgtfgr d pd`edmg, `dsg, dkl ukot cndl pgrinragl d``gptdhcy

ok d pdrto`ucdr tgst dkl wnre tn nhtdok anrg qudktotdtovg ldtd

rgmdrlokm pd`edmg pgrinradk`g. Ok wnreokm wotf nur `cogkts

tn lgvgcnp trdy-hdsgl pd`edmgs dkl dssgss tfgor pgrinradk`g,

PGP fds pgrinragl sgvgrdc tgsts tfdt wg fdvg inukl usgiuc.

\np Cndl @naprgssonk \gsts

Hgynkl oklo`dtokm tfg cndl rgquorgl tn hu`ecg nr `rusf d `dsg,

`naprgssonk tgsts dcsn prnvolg ldtd rgmdrlokm tfg vgrto`dc stoii-

kgss. \fos os tfg e `nap vdcug agktonkgl ok tfg los`ussonk

ni hu`ecokm anlgs. Ds kntgl prgvonuscy ok Iomurg 8, sfroke-

wrdppgl trdys `dk hg stoiigr ok `naprgssonk tfdk `nrrumdtg `dsgs.

Ot os oktgrgstokm tn kntg tfdt tfos dlvdktdmg ady hg cnst wfgkanrg tfdk nkg trdy os std`egl. Iomurgs 7 dkl 9 sfnw cndl vs.

lgicg`tonk ldtd inr `naprgssonk tgsts ni tfg sdag prnlu`t

wfgk pd`edmgl ok `nrrumdtg `dsgs dkl trdys. ]fgk d sokmcg

`dsg os tgstgl, tfg trdy os stoiigr tfdk tfg `nrrumdtg `dsg. \fos

rgcdtonksfop os rgvgrsgl wfgk lnuhcg `dsgs drg tgstgl.

Iomurg <: @naprgssonk \gsts ni Pokmcg dkl Lnuhcg Pfroke-]rdppgl \rdys

Iomurg 7: @naprgssonk \gst Ldtd inr Pokmcg dkl Lnuhcg Pfroke-]rdppgl \rdy @dsgs

Iomurg 9: @naprgssonk \gst Ldtd inr Pokmcg dkl Lnuhcg @nrrumdtgl @dsgs

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s t r g s s g k m o k g g r o k m s g r v o ` g s

 7 

Ptdto` Pfgdr Ptoiikgss \gsts

\n uklgrstdkl tfg fnroznktdc stoiikgss ni sfroke-wrdppgl trdys,

d tgst `dk hg pgrinragl ok wfo`f sgvgrdc trdys drg std`egl vgrto-`dccy dkl tfgk suhjg`tgl tn d qudso-stdto` cdtgrdc inr`g. D `na-

putgrozgl ldtd d`quosotonk systga os usgl tn `nktokunuscy rg`nrl

tfg cndl dppcogl dkl tfg rgsuctokm fnroznktdc lgicg`tonk. \fg tgst

os typo`dccy rgpgdtgl wotf tfg cndl dppcogl pdrdccgc tn tfg sfnrt

dxos dkl tfg cnkm dxos ni tfg `dsg. Ok tfg gxdapcg rgprgsgktgl hy

tfg ldtd ok tfg tdhcg hgcnw, tfg mndc ni tfg prnjg`t wds tn rgpcd`g

dk gxostokm `nrrumdtgl `dsg wotf trdys sn tfg tgstokm wds pgr-

inragl nk tfg nromokdc `dsgs ds wgcc ds trdys. Pfgdr stoiikgss vdc-

ugs drg `dc`ucdtgl irna tfg tgst ldtd ok d idsfonk soaocdr tn tfdt

usgl inr tfg vgrto`dc tnp cndl `naprgssonk. \fg nrlgr ni admko-

tulg rglu`tonk ok sfgdr stoiikgss ok tfos okstdk`g wds lrdadto`.

@dsg @nkfflmurdtonk Cndlokm Lorg`tonk Ptdto` Pfgdr Ptoiikgss

@nrrumdtg Cnkm Dxos =88.< chi/ok

Pfnrt Dxos 802.7 chi/ok

\rdy Cnkm Dxos 92.7 chi/ok

Pfnrt Dxos 49.< chi/ok

\dhcg 4: Ptdto` Pfgdr Ptoiikgss Ldtd

\fos tgst os rgcdtovgcy gdsy tn pgrinra dkl rgquorgs just d igw `dsgsni prnlu`t. \fos os fgcpiuc lurokm pd`edmg lgvgcnpagkt wfgk nkcy

d igw sdapcgs ady hg dvdocdhcg.

Wkot Cndl Lykdao` Pfgdr Ptoiikgss \gsts

D losdlvdktdmg ni tfg stdto` tgstokm lgs`rohgl dhnvg os tfdt ot lngsk‟t

`dpturg adky ni tfg `fdrd`tgrosto`s ni d iucc ukot cndl. @dsg std`eokm

pdttgrks, scop sfggts tn tog cdygrs tnmgtfgr, strgt`f wrdp, `nrkgr pnsts

dkl ntfgr `nkstru`tonk igdturgs dcc `nktrohutg tn ukot cndl pgrinra-

dk`g. Ot wds knt prd`to`dc tn s`dcg up tfg stdto` tgst inr ukot cndls ds

tfg inr`gs tn `dusg cdtgrdc lospcd`gagkt hg`nag cdrmg dkl `dk `dusg

cn`dcozgl ldadmg ukcgss lostrohutgl nvgr d cdrmg drgd.

Dk dctgrkdtg tgst agtfnl wds lgvosgl ok wfo`f tfg ukot cndl os

pcd`gl nk d pcdtinra nr scgl wfo`f rnccs nk agtdc trd`es. \fg scgl

os lrovgk inrwdrl d sfnrt lostdk`g dkl tfgk hrnumft tn dk dhrupt

stnp. \fg antonk ni tfg scgl dkl tfg pdccgtozgl ukot cndl nk tnp

ni ot os agdsurgl dt sgvgrdc cn`dtonks lurokm tfg gvgkt. Rkguadto`

`ycoklgrs drg `urrgktcy usgl tn lrovg tfg scgl antonk. @dhcg gxtgksonk

pntgktonagtgrs agdsurg tfg rgsuctokm lospcd`gagkts.

]fgk tfg scgl stnps, tfg ukot cndl dhnvg ot wdkts tn `nktokug

anvokm dkl tgkls tn swdy inrwdrl hginrg `naokm tn d stnp.Okinradtonk rgmdrlokm tfg stoiikgss ni tfg `dsgs dkl ukot cndl

`dk hg lgrovgl irna tfg rg`nrlgl antonk ldtd.

Iomurg =: Hu`ecokm Nhsgrvgl Lurokm @dsg @naprgssonk \gst

Iomurg 6: Wkot Cndl Lykdao` Pfgdr \gstokm Gquopagkt

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s t r g s s g k m o k g g r o k m s g r v o ` g s

9

Iomurg ?: Lykdao` Pfgdr Ptoiikgss \gst inr Iucc @nrrumdtgl @dsgs

Iomurg 42: Lykdao` Pfgdr Ptoiikgss \gst inr Pfroke-]rdppgl \rdy @dsgs

Iomurg ? sfnws tfg rgsucts ni d tgst ni d prnlu`t ok iucc `nrrumdtgl

`dsgs. \fg rgsucts wfgk tfg sdag prnlu`t wds tgstgl ok sfroke-

wrdppgl trdys drg sfnwk ok Iomurg 42. Knto`g tfdt tfg prnlu`t

lngs knt stnp anvokm ds quo`ecy ds tfg scgl dkl swdys hrogy

hginrg `naokm tn rgst. \fos giig`t os au`f anrg prnknuk`gl wotf

tfg trdys - tfg nvgrswdy fds d cdrmgr dapcotulg dkl ns`occdtgs

hd`e dkl inrtf sgvgrdc toags hginrg `naokm tn rgst. \dhcg 8

sfnws sdapcg ldtd vdcugs gxtrd`tgl irna lykdao` sfgdr stoiikgss

tgst rgsucts. \fg cdrmgr lospcd`gagkt os oklo`dtovg ni tfg cnwgr

stoiikgss ni tfg trdy `dsgs.

\fg ldtd mgkgrdtgl irna tfgsg tgsts os knt, hy otsgci, suiffl`ogktcy prg-

lo`tovg ni –rgdc wnrcl‑ pgrinradk`g inr ot tn hg usgl ds d stdkl-dcnkg

lgsomk muolgcokg. Anrg ldtd dkl gxpgrogk`g os kgglgl tn fgcp `dco-

hrdtg tfg tgst rgsucts.

\fg \rdkspnrtdtonk Gkvornkagkt dkl Yohrdtonk

Pok`g adky ni tfg pgrinradk`g ossugs dssn`odtgl wotf sfroke-

wrdppgl trdys drg ni mrgdtgst `nk`grk ok sokmcg-prnlu`t ukotozgl

cndls, tfgrg fds hggk oktgrgst ok `nccg`tokm trdkspnrtdtonk gkvornk-

agkt ldtd spg`offl` tn tfos typg ni pd`edmokm. \n dccnw tgstokm ni d

iucc ukot cndl wotf aokoadc losturhdk`g tn tfg prnlu`t, ot os lgsor-

dhcg tn fdvg d ldtd d`quosotonk systga tfdt lngs knt rgquorg d

`dsg ni prnlu`t hg rganvgl irna tfg pdccgt tn d``naanldtg d

rg`nrlokm lgvo`g. Iurtfgranrg tfg sgksnr suotg sfnucl hg ds gxo-

hcg ds pnssohcg dkl dccnw tfg `nccg`tonk ni ldtd irna auctopcg sgk-

snrs ni aoxgl typgs inr gxtgklgl pgronls ni toag.

\n d`fogvg tfos, d spg`odc okstruagktgl pdccgt fds hggk `nkstru`tgl.

\fg pdccgt os hdsgl nk d stdkldrl <6‑ x <2‑ inntprokt dkl lg`e hndrl

pdttgrk. \fg gcg`trnko` `napnkgkts drg okstdccgl ok agtdc gk`cnsurgs

cn`dtgl wfgrg tfg wnnl hcn`es drg knradccy pnsotonkgl hgtwggk tfg

uppgr dkl cnwgr lg`e. \fg ldtd d`quosotonk systga `dk d``naanldtg

up tn 49 ldtd `fdkkgcs `nksostokm ni cndl `gccs, d``gcgrnagtgrs, prgs-

surg trdkslu`grs, tgapgrdturg sgksnrs dkl ntfgr lgvo`gs.

Rd`edmg\ypg

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(Fz)

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809

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Iomurg 44: Okstruagktgl Rdccgt wotf @naputgr @napdrtagkt Npgk

\dhcg 8: Lykdao` Pfgdr Ptoiikgss \gst Xgsucts

7/27/2019 SES - Tray-Based Packaging

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ses-tray-based-packaging 7/7

s t r g s s g k m o k g g r o k m s g r v o ` g s

=  #0=4 © 822= Ptrgss Gkmokggrokm Pgrvo`gs O

Iomurg 48: Okstruagktgl Rdccgt Cndlgl wotf \rdys ni Rrnlu`t

Iomurg 48 sfnws sdapcg ldtd irna tfg fflrst tfrgg ldys ni d wgge-cnkm

trdksot tgst. \fg pgronls wfgk tfg sfopagkt wds d`tovgcy hgokm trdks-

pnrtgl drg dppdrgkt irna tfg cgvgc ni d`tovoty ok tfg ldtd. \fos tgst usgl

cndl `gccs dkl d``gcgrnagtgrs. Rnwgr spg`trdc lgksoty ldtd irna tfg

d``gcgrnagtgrs os sfnwk ok Iomurg 4<.

Iomurg 40: Cndl @gcc Ldtd irna tfg Iorst 0 Ldys ni d ]gge-Cnkm \rdksot \gst

Iomurg 4<:  D``gcgrdtonk Rnwgr Ppg`trdc Lgksoty Ldtd

D iurtfgr drgd ok wfo`f sfroke-wrdppgl trdys `dk loiigr irna `nrru-

mdtgl `dsgs os ok tfgor sgksotovoty tn fnroznktdc vohrdtonk. \fos os

proadrocy tfg `dsg inr ukot cndl sfopagkts hg`dusg tfg sgksotovoty

tn fnroznktdc vohrdtonk ok`rgdsgs wfgk tfg vgrto`dc cndls drg cdrmgr.

Yohrdtonk tgstokm ok tfg trdkspnrtdtonk pd`edmokm oklustry fds

cnkm gapfdsozgl vgrto`dc dxos vohrdtonk sok`g tfg admkotulgs

gxpgrogk`gl ok tfos lorg`tonk lurokm trdkspnrtdtonk drg sn au`f

mrgdtgr dkl cdtgrdc stoiikgss fds usudccy knt hggk d prnhcga inr

anst `nrrumdtgl pd`edmgs. Fnroznktdc vohrdtonk tgst `dpdhocoty os

dcsn cgss `naankcy dvdocdhcg tfdk vgrto`dc sfdeg tdhcgs. Aucto-dxos

gquopagkt os gvgk fdrlgr tn fflkl, dkl anrg gxpgksovg. Iurtfgr

wnre wocc hg kgglgl tn uklgrstdkl wfgtfgr ot os dpprnprodtg tn

`nksolgr dllokm fnroznktdc vohrdtonk tn tfg tgst prntn`ncs inr

sfroke-wrdppgl trdy pd`edmgs.

Xgigrgk`gs

4. \fg tg`fko`dc `nktgkt ni tfos sg`tonk wds lgvgcnpgl hy Lnumcds

Adrrontt, RfL, Ptrgss Gkmokggrokm Pgrvo`gs, www.strgss.`na8. Xndre‟s Inraucds inr Ptrgss dkl Ptrdok, ]. _nukm, 9tf gl.,

A`Mrdw-Focc, 4?6?

0. Iohrg Hnx Fdklhnne , Iohrg Hnx Dssn`odtonk, 8672 Mnci Xndl,

Xnccokm Agdlnws, OC 92226, www.fflhrghnx.nrm

<. OP\D Rrnjg`t < DH: Hgfokl tfg P`gkgs ni Dcpfd Xgcgdsg, ]. Eopp,

L. Xnnt, Loagksonks.2< Rrn`gglokms, Oktgrkdtonkdc Pdig \rdksot

Dssn`odtonk, 4<22 Dhhntt Xndl, Puotg 492, Gdst Cdksokm, AO

<6680, www.ostd.nrm