SERVICE LEARNING Definitely NOT Community Service for a
Grade
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WHAT IS SERVICE LEARNING?
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o Better Yet: What ISNT Service Learning?
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WHAT IT ISNT An episodic volunteer program; An add-on to an
existing school or college curriculum; Logging a set number of
community service hours in order to graduate;
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WHAT IT ISNT Compensatory service assigned as a form of
punishment by the courts or by school administrators; Only for high
school or college students; One-sided: benefitting only students or
only the community.
Investigation -- identifying members of a community, what
community needs are not being met, and developing a plan of action
for properly meeting those needs, while assessing how students will
be learning.
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Planning and preparation -- designing the nature of the
service, how it involves academic learning, civic awareness, or
historical/social awareness, etc.
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Action -- the actual service experience, including
advocacy
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Reflection maintaining awareness of the significance of the
work and its relationship to both education and the community
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Demonstration -- students demonstrating both their skills at
solving the problem and demonstrating how those skills enhance
their education, while working in a communal way
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SOME CONCEPTS SURROUNDING SL: o Kolbs Experiential Learning
Model o Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligences o Golemans
Social-Emotional Learning
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KOLB David A. Kolbs ELT model is based on the Experiential
Learning Theory, as explained in his book, Experiential
Learning.
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KOLB According to Kolb's ELT model, the ideal learning process
engages four modes in response to situational demands. In order for
learning to be effective, all four of these approaches must be
incorporated.
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EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING THEORY MODES o The ELT model outlines two
related approaches toward grasping experience: 1.Concrete
Experience 2.Abstract Conceptualization.
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EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING THEORY MODES o Additionally, the ELT
model outlines two related approaches toward transforming
experience: 1.Reflective Observation 2.Active Experimentation
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THE TYPES OF LEARNERS: o Accommodator: Concrete Experience +
Active Experiment o Converger: Abstract Conceptualization + Active
Experiment o Diverger: Concrete Experience + Reflective Observation
o Assimilator: Abstract Conceptualization + Reflective
Observation
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ACCOMMODATORS o "Hands-on" and concert o Wants to do o
Discovery method o Sets objectives/schedules o Asks questions
fearlessly o Challenges theories o Adaptable o Receive information
from others o Gut feeling rather than logic
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CONVERGER o "Hands-on" and theory o Analogies o Specific
problems o Tests hypothesis o Best answer o Works alone o Problem
solving o Technical over interpersonal
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DIVERGER o Real life experience and discussion o Imaginative o
More than one possible solution o Brainstorming and groupwork o
Observe rather than do o Alternatives o Background information
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ASSIMILATOR: o Theories and facts o Theoretical models and
graphs o Talk about rationale rather than do o Lectures o Numbers o
Defines problems o Logical Formats
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HOWARD A. GARDNER o The theory of multiple intelligences is a
theory of intelligence that differentiates it into specific
(primarily sensory) "modalities, rather than seeing intelligence as
dominated by a single general ability. This model was proposed by
Howard Gardner in his 1983 book, Frames of Mind: The Theory of
Multiple Intelligences.
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GARDNERS RATIONALE Gardner articulated seven criteria for a
behavior to be considered an intelligence; these intelligences
included: 1.Musical 2.Spatial 3.Linguistic 4.Logical/mathematical
5.Bodily/kinesthetic 6.Interpersonal 7.Intrapersonal
8.Naturalistic
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Musical intelligence found in individuals who naturally adapt a
musical skill or instrument, and learn musical structures quickly,
such as reading music, understanding arrangement, pitch, tone,
rhythm, etc. INTELLIGENCES
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Spatial intelligence is found in individuals who understand
spatial relationships, how physical objects and landscapes
interact, and how to put things together in a spatial manner
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INTELLIGENCES Linguistic intelligence found in individuals who
are good writers, speak eloquently and enjoy expression through
language, as well as easily learn other language structures
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INTELLIGENCES Logical-mathematical intelligence found in
individuals with a mathematical mind who enjoy working with
numbers, and solving problems using critical thinking
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INTELLIGENCES Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is found in
individuals who excel at physical communication, expression, or
sporting activities involving a mind-body connection
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INTELLIGENCES Interpersonal intelligence is found in
individuals who relate well to others and enjoy working in groups
of people; their strength is their ability to effectively
communicate and positively affect a group dynamic
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INTELLIGENCES Intrapersonal intelligence is found in
individuals who know how to explore their inner workings and
motivations, and because of their demonstrated self-awareness, are
often effective at assisting others with similar traits
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INTELLIGENCES Naturalistic intelligence is found in individuals
with keen sensitivity to nature, often demonstrating awareness of
classifications of species in plants and animals, and studying the
origins of the natural world as part of our sustaining
ecosystem
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DANIEL GOLEMAN o Social Emotional Learning (SEL) is a process
for learning life skills, including how to deal with oneself,
others and relationships, and work in an effective manner. Daniel
Goleman introduced the concept of emotional intelligence in his
book, Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than I.Q.,
published in 1995.
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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING (SEL) o In dealing with oneself, SEL
helps in recognizing our emotions and learning how to manage those
feelings.
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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING (SEL) o In dealing with others, SEL
helps with developing sympathy and empathy for others, and
maintaining positive relationships.
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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING (SEL) o SEL also focuses on dealing
with a variety of situations in a constructive and ethical
manner.
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15 SKILLS RELATED TO SEL 1.Recognizing emotions in self and
others 2.Regulating and managing strong emotions (positive and
negative) 3.Recognizing strengths and areas of need 4.Listening and
communicating accurately and clearly 5.Taking others' perspectives
and sensing their emotions
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15 SKILLS RELATED TO SEL 6.Respecting others and self and
appreciating differences 7.Including identifying problems correctly
8.Setting positive and realistic goals 9.Problem solving, decision
making, and planning 10.Approaching others and building positive
relationships
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15 SKILLS RELATED TO SEL 11.Resisting negative peer pressure
12.Cooperating, negotiating, and managing conflict and nonviolently
13.Working effectively in groups 14.Help-seeking and help-giving
15.Showing ethical and social responsibility
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BRINGING IT TOGETHER o Service Learning applies Kolb,Gardner,
and Golemans work by transforming the learning process from a
static state of instructor controlling the flow of information via
lecture or presentation, and passive students receiving the
information.
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BRINGING IT TOGETHER o Instead, they learn by collaborating,
working in their unique learning style, and developing sympathy and
empathy for others by recognizing a life experience different from
their own.
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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT o Under the FLSA, public sector
employees (state colleges/universities) may not volunteer services
to for-profit private sector employers. o There is no prohibition
on anyone employed in the private sector from volunteering in any
capacity or line of work in the public sector. Source:
http://www.dol.gov/elaws/esa/flsa/docs/volunteers.asp
http://www.dol.gov/elaws/esa/flsa/docs/volunteers.asp
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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT o Non-profit community partners must
be classified as a 501(c)(3) organization.