Series Capacitors

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Dear Customer,

Kari TuomalaManaging Director

Unique customer-oriented business conceptNokian Capacitors has a business concept with a solid foothold in both Compensation Equipment and Compensation Systems. The strong synergies of our electrical engineering background and core components know-how, provide the cornerstones for Nokian Capacitors in transforming technology into solutions desired by our customers.

Our sales and service network, consists of local partners with customer and application expertise, which operates worldwide. This has generated efficiency, know-how and a unique customer-oriented business concept, which has proven its competitiveness.

Saving money and the environmentIn reactive power compensation, a good return has been a traditional trigger for investment. Positive environmental effects are now an added value for the customer on top of financial gains.

Product development and investmentThe investment of Nokian Capacitors in Research and Development has grown from year to year. Our sophisticated technology includes a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS)®, which guarantees exact and prompt modelling.

The development and testing of our systems in the RTDS® environment reduces project risk, accelerates commissioning, saves cost and ensures that the final outcome meets the customer’s specifications.

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Historical milestones for Nokian Capacitors

Founding of Nokian Capacitors

Installed first light-optic signal transmissionInstalled first complete solid state electronics

Fast reinsertion system for the world’s biggest Series Capacitor

First Series Capacitor in the world with non-linear resistor

SVC for Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) with flicker compensation

The first to use the 7�5 kV double tuned filter for Utility SVC Utility SVC for support of a ��0 kV grid

Provided capacitors for the biggest Series Capacitor 1056 Mvar in the world

Forced triggered Spark Gap & Metal Oxide Varistor

Digital Protection & Control System (NDP)New design of free standing Thyristor Valves for SVC application

Manufactured capacitor unit sizes up to 1000 kvar

Started using laser powered measuring system for platform electronics (Series Capacitor bank)

Built a �45 kV Utility SVC with new Digital Control System New NDP+ Protection & Control system with Field Bus System

1500 Mvar HV filter banks compensation turnkey project400-500 kV Series Capacitor bank turnkey deliveries (incl. civil works, installation and commissioning)

Full scale seismic test available for SCForced triggered Spark Gap for 450 kV crest Ulim

Launched remote service concept

Provided many service contracts for Series CapacitorThe world´s biggest 400 kV Series Capacitor bank, 1008 Mvar, turnkey delivery to India

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1989

1994

1995

1997

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2003

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Economical Benefits of Series Capacitors

Energy savings

Improving the quality of power increases the capacity of active power transmission and reduces energy consumption. Thus, the unnecessary overload of the power network can be avoided. Both your company and the environment benefit from a more efficient use of electricity and a reduction in the consumption of energy.

Series Capacitors advantages

The cost of a Series Capacitor bank is approximately 10% of the total cost of a new transmission line. Thus, the payback time for the Series Capacitor bank investment is only a few years.

Benefits:

° Increases power transfer capacity

° Reduces voltage drops caused by loads

° Allowes load sharing between parallel lines

° Eliminates or postpones the need for power generation or transfer line investments

° Savings on dimensioning of power lines - maximise the transmission of the power - minimise losses of active and reactive power

476 Mvar, 735 kV, 2300 AHydro Quebec, Poste Montagnais, Canada

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Functional Benefits of Series Capacitors

More reliability

Transmission of reactive power leads to significant voltage drops and current increases in the network, which limits the transmission capacity of active power.

Series Capacitors are installed to reach a more efficient use of the transmission lines. The diversification of generation, transmission and distribution, in addition to long transmission distances and large generating power plants are resulting in an increased demand for economical and reliable operation of transmission systems. The demand for increasing power transfer means either more transmission lines or compensation of the existing lines. Series compensation is an economic method of improving the power transmission capability of the lines.

Benefits:

° Increases power transmission capability

° Improves power system transient and steady state stability

° Reduces system losses

° Improves voltage profile of the lines

° Optimises power flow between parallel lines

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161 Mvar, 500 kV, 1500 AGurupi, Brazil

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Environmental Issues of Series Capacitors

Environmental aspects

Nokian Capacitors has an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which is followed during projects.

The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan is to identify and find solutions to any elements of the project that could present a hazard to the environment.

Environmental considerations

° Drainage and aquatic resources

° Wildlife

° Heritage and archaeological considerations

° Local agencies and public involvement

420 Mvar, 500 kV, 2400 AGuichon, BCHPA, Canada

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Project Flow Chart for Series Capacitors

Studies, engineering, manufacturing, delivery, installation, commissioning

Customer´s specification

System Study, MOV, Ulim

Equipment studies: -capacitors -damping circuit -spark gap -MOV -insulation coordination, etc

Preliminary design

Platform design

Structural analysis -seismic -wind -ice -snow

Equipment specificationsDesignDrawings

Material procurementManufacturingTests: -routine tests -type tests

Shipping

Installation

Site testsCommissioning

Civilworks

ReactorCapacitorsMOV

BreakerSpark gap

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Studies

The specifications and designs for different equipment are based on detailed studies:

° System and Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) Study

° Insulation Coordination Study

° Structural Analysis Study

° Capacitor Study

° Fuse Study

° Damping Circuit Study

° Spark Gap Study

° Current Transformer Study

° Bypass Breaker Study

° Protection Coordination Study

° Electric Field Study

° RTDS Studies

Protection Scheme - Platform Equipment

Fixed Series Capacitors (FSC) layout

Platform equipment

Digital signal transmission

unitMOV

Forced triggering

Damping circuitR

Fibre optic transmissionto and from ground level

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Multi-Processor Digital Control System (NDC)

Our digital control system enables success in modern reactive power compensation. The ultimate parallel processing power of the system exceeds even the most demanding requirements.

In the heart of Series Capacitor protection, there is no room for errors. Instant response to the system is always based on accurate data measurement and reliable real-time calculations. NDC supports a high order of redundancy with a hot-swappable secondary system. The parallel systems are always up to date with the latest system events and measurements. They are also both synchronised with a common system time.

High reliability and performance of our control system ensures maximum return on your investment.

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Typical Control and Protection System Arrangement

Human Machine Interface (HMI) DisplayIN

TER

F AC

E U

NIT

or DNP �.0

IEC 60870-5-101

OPTIONAL:

Secondary SCADA link

CONTROL COMMANDS AND POSITION STATUSES,ALARMS

OPTIONAL REMOTE CONTROL FROM EXTERNAL RTU SYSTEM.

CONTROL COMMANDS AND POSITION STATUSES,ALARMS

TO / FROM BY-PASS CIRCUIT BREAKERS

COMMANDS FROM AND TO LINE PROTECTIONS

TO / FROM DISCONNECTORS

INTE

RFA

CE

UN

IT

WORK STATIONS

REMOTE USE

CABIN/MARSHALL BOX

SCADA

** *

Local HMI operation stations.

Common for several

banks and protections.

Can be located in different

control rooms in substation.

TRIGGERING

NDP+ NOKIAN DIGITAL PROTECTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

field bus

COMMANDPLATFORM

TRANSMITTER

OPTIC/VOLTAGE

TRANSFORMER

CABLE DISTRIBUTION

OPTIONAL:

UNITS

POWER

SUPPLY

SIGNAL

*

*

InterBus-SDIGITAL I/O

LASERPOWERSUPPLY

*

*

UNITS

UNIT

SIGNAL

RECEIVER

TRIGATRON

PLATFORM

TRIGATRON

UNIT

CONTROL

*

PROTECTION

SYSTEM

AND CONTROL

*

FAST DIGITAL I/O

CURRENT DATA TO PROTECTION

*

*

HMI

InterBus-S

field bus

DIGITAL I/O

INTE

RFA

CE

UN

IT

SYSTEM IS DUPLICATED

CURRENT DATA TO RECORDER

ATTN! ONLY ONE PROTECTION SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED IN THIS DIAGRAM

*

FAULT

DELIVERY

NOT IN STANDARD

*

RECORDER

RECORDER

PER PROTECTION

MIMIC PANEL

OPTIONAL

*

EVENT

OPTIONAL

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Quality System

Nokian Capacitors´ Quality System fulfils the requirements of the ISO �001:�000 standard. The ISO �001 certificate was received in 1��� and updated to ISO �001:�000.

Environmental aspects have always been taken into account during the design, manufacturing and delivery of Nokian Capacitors´ products. In �000 Nokian Capacitors received the certificate conforming to the environmental standard, ISO 14001. In �004, Nokian Capacitors received the IQNet �004 certificate and in �005 the OHSAS 18001 certificate.

We participate in IEC, CIGRE and IEEE actions.

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The system and equipment design is made using modern software.

SYSTEM DESIGN

MANUFACTURING

PROCUREMENT

FACTORY TESTS

SUPERVISION

SITE TESTS

TRAINING

NC SERVICE

The best available components are used in our products. We consider using recycled materials whenever prudent.

Manufacturing is mainly done with automatic machinery. Operator training is arranged on a continuous basis.

Products are routine tested on the production lines by automatic testing equipment.The type tests are carried out and witnessed by the customer.

Installation is supervised by Nokian Capacitors´ qualified engineers.

The site commissioning tests are carried out by Nokian Capacitors´ engineers.

Customer training is provided on site during commissioning.

Nokian Capacitors´ service concept provides high availability of our delivered products during their whole life cycle.

Main Components of Series Capacitor Projects

NC Remote Service

HMI PC

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Highlights of NC Service Concept

A Series Capacitors delivery includes:

° Series capacitor equipment

° Installation

° Commissioning

° Civil works (in turnkey projects)

° Spare parts

° Training NC Service also has these services that the customer can take advantage of:

1. NC Remote Service guarantees expert operational support worldwide and aims at uninterrupted transmission. Nokian Capacitors has a hotline service for phone and e-mail support.2. DocumentationEach project has its own scope of delivered documents. It is possible to download the complete documentation from our Share Point web server. The documentation consists of the following:

° General Documents

° Studies

° Specifications

° Quality Documents

° Test reports

° Drawings

° Manuals

On our Share Point web server, the customers´ own contract documentation can be easily found (with a user name and password). Our aim is to fulfil our customers´ needs.Nokian Capacitors follows the security policy provided by SSL. That policy covers all documentation on our web server.

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Nokian Capacitors’ Experience

Nokian Capacitors is one of the leading manufacturers for high and low voltage capacitors, capacitor banks, air core reactors and control & protection systems for capacitor installations. Nokian Capacitors has been manufacturing compensation equipment since 1�57. The factory, which is equiped with all modern and cutting-edge machinery is located in the city of Tampere, Finland.

Main features of Nokian Capacitors´ present Series Capacitor schemes

° MOV scheme

° Laser powered signal transmission system for platform to ground communication

° Digital control and protection system, NDP+

° All controls and protection relays are on ground level in the control room

° Integrated remote/local control & monitoring features

° Integrated communication software for SCADA communication

° Structural analysis for severe seismic condition verified by full scale seismic tests

° Tested and proven technology delivered to extreme conditions in different environments: Canada -50ºC, Finland -50ºC, China +45ºC, Brazil +45ºC, India +50ºC. Seismic design for world’s most severe earthquake conditions: Atacama, Chile

° Complete set of SC type tests including full size platform voltage withstand and RIV tests. Spark Gap has been tested 40 kA � sec

° Patented capacitor unit fuse, damping circuit, spark gap and platform power supply

° The highest system voltage, 750 kV, in Series Capacitors

Series Capacitor bank, 765 Mvar, 500 kV – 60 Hz at Ibiúna substation in Brazil.

Total delivered power: over 20 000 Mvar

in 70 projects to date

Nokian Capacitors has been manufacturing compensation

equipment since 1957.

Picture of our RTDS laboratory.

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Our Competence Portfolio

° Project Management

° System and Equipment Studies

° Electrical Engineering

° System Engineering

° Software Engineering

° Requirements Analysis and Management

° System Architecture Design

° Hardware Design

° Software Design, HW/SW Interaction

° UML (Design methodology)

° Software and Hardware Implementation

° C/C++ (Programming languages)

° Testing Methodologies

° Real-Time Operating Systems

° Protocols - IEC 60870-5-101 - IEC 60870-5-10� - IEC 60870-5-104 - DNP �.0 - TCP/IP - MODBUS - PROFIBUS - IRIG-B

° Control and Protection Systems - Real-time measurement and modeling - I/O intensive real-time applications - Algorithms, PID-controllers, Laplacian transform, matrices and vector algebra

Highlights

° Efficient method to maximize power transmission capability

° High availability with low maintenance costs

° High reliability with full redundancy

° Designed to endure severe conditions - from freezing to extreme heat

° Remote operability and service

Nokian Capacitors has 50 years of experience in reactive power compensation. Combining in-depth knowledge of modern digital technology, industrial control and our world-class high voltage products we are a unique combination of excellence. Don´t miss the opportunity to work with an industry leader – contact us!

Most high voltage equipment is made

at Nokian Capacitors.

Other productsIn addition to Series Capacitors, Nokian Capacitors is also a manufacturer of:

° Static Var Compensators for utility and industry

° SVC MaxSine

° MaxSine active filters

° Railway series capacitors

° Air core reactors

° Shunt capacitor banks

° Filter capacitor banks

° High voltage capacitor units

° Low voltage capacitor units

° Control and Protection System for capacitor banks

° Power factor controllers

° Unbalance relays

° Capacitance meters (clamp type)

° Enclosed Medium Voltage (MV) banks

Nokian Capacitors Ltd.Kaapelikatu 3, P.O. Box 4FI-33331 Tampere, FinlandTel. +358 3 3883 11, fax +358 3 3883 360www.nokiancapacitors.com

In line with our policy of ongoing product development we reserve the right to alter specifications.

EN

-CS

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