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Series and Parallel Circuit Handout
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NATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE LLC
MODULE :
BASICS OF ELECTRICITY
CHAPTER 1:
BASICS OF SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
Ref No :
IWE/T/1000/07
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
An electric circuit provides a complete, closed path for an electric current.
Electricity can only flow through a closed circuit; it cannot flow through an open circuit.
EVERY CIRCUIT MUST HAVE THE FOLLOWING PARTS:
1. Energy source: battery, electric generator, etc.
2. Load or resistance: device that uses the electric energy
3. Wires: Conductor (Copper, Aluminium etc...) which can allow the current through it
4. Switch: opens and closes the circuit
SERIES CIRCUIT
All parts are connected one after another.
If one part fails to operate properly, the current cannot flow to the other parts.
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Different parts of circuit are on different branches.
If one part does not operate properly, current can still flow through the others.
COMPARISION OF SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
1
2
3
All components are connected
end-to-end to form only one path for CURRENT to flow through the circuit.
All components are connected between the same two sets of electrically common points, creating multiple paths for CURRENT to flow from one end of the battery to the other
4
Voltage drops add to equal total voltage. V=V1+V2+V3+
All components share the same (equal) current. I=I1=I2=I3=
Resistances add to equal total resistance. R=R1+R2+R3+
All components share the same (equal) voltage. V=V1=V2=V3=
Branch currents add to equal total current. I=I1+I2+I3+
Resistances diminish to
5
6
CURRENT I = V/R
Voltage division formula
Current division formula Current for two parallel branched circuit Is
7
CURRENT I = V/R
Current in three parallel branched circuit Is
ASSESMENT-1
1. Do you think the bulbs in the parallel circuit or the series circuit will burn brighter?
Explain why:
2. If you remove a bulb in your parallel circuit, with the other bulb(s) still light?
Explain why:
3. If you remove a bulb in your series circuit, with the other bulb(s) still light?
Explain why:
4. FILL IN THE CHART WITH THE PHRASES:
Series
Parallel
DEFINITION
PATHS
RESISTANCE
EXAMPLES
USE THESE TO FILL IN TABLE:
Home circuits
One path
Device and switch
All lights connected end to end
Several paths
Decreased with added branches
Connected between the same two sets of common points,
Increases with added branches
5.Tell whether each picture shows a series or parallel circuit
5. How many paths can electricity takes in below circuit?
6. If light 3 burns what happen to the other lights in the circuit?
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
7. How many paths can electricity takes in below circuit?
8. If light 2 burns what happen to the other lights in the circuit?
SERIES CIRCUIT
National Training Institute/IWE/ Series and Parallel circuitsPage 7
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