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THE ADVOCATE OF I ND U S TR Y AND ENTERPRISE, AND JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL AND O TH E R IMPROV EMENTS.

\'OLUME 1.1

PUIILlSHED EVERY THUllSDAY MORNING, AT THE 817N BUZLDD1'CJ8,

-F.ntrance 128 Fulton st., and 89 Na�sau st.­

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BY PORTER & MALLERY.

RUFUS PORTER,-Editor.

Each number of this I)aper iii furnished with from two to five OalOINAL ENGRAVINGS, many of them elegant, aDd illustrative of NEW IN. VENTIONS, SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES, and ,CURI­OSITIES ; and contains •• much Interesting In. telligence as six ordinary daily papers, consist. ing of notices of the progress of Mechanical and other Scientific Ilnprovements.-Ameri. can and Foreign Inventions; Catalogues of American Patents i-Scientific Essays, illustra. I tive of the principles of the Sciences of Me. chanics, Chemistry, and Architecture ;-.In. struction in various Arts and Trades i-curious Philosophical Experiments ;-Miscellanllous In. telligence, Poetry, and, {)cca.ionally, Music.

This paper is especially entitled to the patlonage of Mechanics and Manufacturers, being the only paper in America devoted to the interests of those classes; but is particularly useful to Farmers, as it will not only apprise them of impruvements in agricultural implements but iustruct them in various mechanical trades, and guard them against impositions. As a family newspaper, it. will convey more useful intelli�ence to children and young people, than five times its cost in school instruc­rton. Another important argument in favor of this pa­per, is, tllat it will be worth two dollars at the end of the year, when the volume is complete, and will probably command that price In· cash, ff we May judge from the circum8tance that old volumes of the " New York Me­chanic," by the same editor, will now command double the original COlt.

TIUtM�.-" The Scientific American" will be furnished to subrlcribers at $2, per annum,-one dollar in ad­vance, and the balance in six months.

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TERMS OF AoVERTISING.-For 10 lines, or less, 50 eents for the first, and 12 1-2 cents for every subsequent insertion.

The Height of tile Ridiculous. I wrote some lines once on a time

In wondrous merry mood, And thought, as usual, men would say

They were exceeding good.

They were so queer, so very Queer, I laughed as I would die,

Albeit,in the general way, A sobel' man am I.

I called my servant, and he came; How kind it was of him j

To mind a slender man likc me, He of the mighty limb.

"These to the printer," [ exclaimed, And, in my humorous way, I added las a 'trifling jest,)

"There'll be the devil to pay."

He took the paper, and I watched, And saw him peep within;

At the first line lie read, his face Was all upon the grin.

He read the next; the grm grew broad, And shot from ear to ear;

NEW.YORK, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18,1845. [NUMBER 14.

FAY'S MORTISING MACHINE

EXPLANATION.-The posts, feet, r.ross-bar, or ehine is the most perfect in all points that has 'J . I '

81 e pieces, require no reference. Tht: lever, "vel' been constructed and introduced for the A, B, is made of wood, with an iron bolster at- pnrpose of �ortising, either carriage or carpen­tached to the top, as shown at B, and governs ters' work. It has been in use but a short time, the motion of the vertical slide, B, C, in the bot- bllt has already superseded all others, wherever tom of -:vhich is

.a s�cket, which holds the ehis- it has heen introduced: and even th8 patentees

el. ThiS lever IS raised by a spring, which is of othcr mortil'lillg machines, have in somc in­p laced and secured above the machine (but Tlot �tances abandoned their own inventions, and shown in the engraving) aurl connecterl to the have adopted this. It hilS rlrawn a premium at lever at B. It Will be seen that this lever is the late Fair of the American In�titute, and connect�d by a 1011g iron link, to the lever D, and gained the decided approbation of all who Ilave that agaIn to the treadle, E, F j so that when witnessed its operation. TIll'lie machines are the operator depresses this treadle with his foot, manufactured by Davis, Fay & Co., at Keene, the chisel, C, is

. forced down . . At ?" Is shewn N. H., and one of them may be seen III opera ­

the end of a honzontal rest, which IS well se- tion at the shop of D. J acobuB, No. 138 W oos­cured by a screw-bolt connected with the wrench tel' st., New York. That they are approved by H, a�d supports the

. plank or timbe� while being the mechanics of Boston, will appear from the

mortIsed; the vertIcllI rod, I, holdIng the same following ertificate:

_ . _____ =2!L _ _____ 2L ___ � _________ ._

That 'ramal Railroad. Old Jokes. (AS SPOKEN AT THE FULTON INSTITUTE.) Having been disappointed of receiving the No.

Je whiticans, whew? Wal, just manufacture me vember list of Patent!!, we substitute a column of into a double refined spinning jenny and set me go- old Joe Millerisms. If our readers have not seen or ing in fifty acres of cotton, if ever I come across such a rarin, tarrin, ripping, snorting, double-revolv- heard them before, it is time they did.

ing piece of machinery, from creation down to my What are yon always hollering lor, when I am most marvellous deliverance just now, as the one ridinll' by? said a nabob to Bob. And what are you give me a chase down your railroad. I hearn some always riding by for when I am hoJIering'1 aaid Bob time ago that there was rich doings goin on at to the nabob. the Fulton Institute, w as I like things that open An Irishman was speaking of the exceJIence of a rich, I made things about right round hum and telescope. Do you see that wee speck on the hill broke for here. I come across through the country, yonder? That now is my oid pig, tho' it is hardly and struck yoUI' railroad, and was plying it about discernabJe; but whin I look at him with my glasalt four knots to the hour. Now I had hearn tell of 10- brings him so near that I can plainly hear him co motives, but never dreamed of seeing one alive grunt. and kicking; but about two miles from here, I hearn something bchind me coffiu, slleezin and thunder- I and prother Hans and two other togs vas out ing, and I looked around; sure enough here she hunting next week, and we trove nine woodchucks carne down aCter me, pawiug the airth up and split- into a stone heap, and kilt ten out of the nine before ting the road widc open, with more smoke and fire tey cot in.

flying than or't to come out of a hundred burning " If I find my wife up. whell I get home," says mountains, ""ith about a dozelj ' wagons follerin arter drunken Davy, "I'll give her a thrashing. What her, and to save her tarnal, black, smoky, noisy business has she to sit up all night wasting fuel an d neck, she couldn't get clear qf them. I don' t know light, eh � And if r find her in bed, I'll whip her, whether they HCdred her up or no, but here she that I will; what business has she to go to bed be­come foaming at the mouth-with her teeth chock lore I get home ?" fiJll of huruin red hot coals, and she pitched right An Indian complained to a retailer that the r.rice strait at me as if she waH goinll' into me like a thou- of his liquor was too high. The latter in ju.tlfica­sand of brick-I · couldn't sland it any longer, so I tion said that it cost as much to keep a hogshead of wheeled round and broke down the road and began b randy as to keep a cow. The Indian replied, " may to make gravel fly in every direction. No sooner be he drink as much water, bllt he no eat so mueh had I done that than Hhe tllpit right after me, and hay." every jump I made she squealed like a thousand Well, Patrick, asked the doctor, how do you do wild cats! She begin to gain on me comin up a to-day '1 0 dear doctor, I enjoy very bad health in­little hill, but we come round a rint to a strait level tirely. This rhumetis is very distressing indade. in the road. Now, thinks I, 1'1 gin you ginger, as Whin I go to sleep I lay awake all night, and my I am great on a dead level, so I pulled to it and soon toe is swelled up as big as a goose's hen's egg, 10 got myself under full speed, and then she began to whin I stand up I fall down directly. yelp, and howl, and cough, and stamp, and came on full chizel and made the hull arth shal<e. But I Now, Sam, if you don't leave off licking lasses kept on before her, bouncing at the rate of tweftty I'll lick yon. No you don't, for I can lick you and feet every pop, till I got to a turn in the road, and I lasses tew. Wa." under �uch a hcadwaJ,: that J couldn't turn, 80 [ Pal., why ;R it you cap never say tea? Tay, ie it! tumbled head over heels uown it bank by a house, In course I can say tay. Yes I know you can lIa)" and landed with my head and shouldcrs cosmiIlick tay, but you can't say tea. And surely 'twail tay I right into a swill barrel, and my Jeet stuck out be- said as weel as yoursilf. hind, and up in thc air! Just at the time the loco­motive found I had got away from it, it commenced spitting hot water into me, and just literally spatter­ed all the part of me that was left sticking out of the earrel. I thought in lJIy soul that Mount Vesuvius had busted some place in the neighborhood. But do you suppose I staid there long? No sir! I just walked right through that barrel and come out at the other end 80 quick that it really lookcd ashamed of itself.

N ow, here I am, a rale sclf�propelling double-rc­volving locomotive Snolly Goster, ready to attack anything but a combina.tion of thunder-lightning smoking railroad iron and hot water.-(Cincinnati Com.

-�'I� .. -()Ilrious M.echanisnl.

Among the descriptions of mechanism, calculated to excite popular curiosity, th. following from Brewster's Letters on Natural Magic is very stri­king:-

Heie! Crellar, dat you? Tought you gone be­yond never, as the clam said to the 101:i8ter. Dats a rac, Sip, so I did: but bad penny will come back, aa fox said by the grapes.

Recollect, sir, said a tavern keeper to a gentle­man who was about leaving his house without pay· ing his reckoning, recollect, sir, if you lose yeur purse, you didn't pull it out here!

My dear, I believe your lamp went out before I got home last night, remarked a gentleman to hia lady at breakfast. True, replied the lady, but then you k now the lIun was up. N othin/l more said.

A late writer sayi! : I once had a constant and troublesome visiter, whom I tried many ways to �et rid of. First, I essayed smoke, which he bore like a badger-then I tried fire which he endured like a �alamander ; at last I lent him five dollars, and I have never seen him since !

There is said to be a young lady in Maine, so very modest that she can not be prevailed upon to speak the naked truth.

No smoking allow'd here, said the steward of a steamboat to an Irishman. I'm not smoking aloud, your honor,' was the reply .

down, at the same time. The slide is guided by We, the subscribers, of Boston, Mass" having the box.rods, J J, and K K, and to these box- had one of Fay's Patent Mortising Machines in rods is attached a spider, M M, within which is operation for some timc, and believing it the best a band-wheel, N, the axle of which is a screw now in use, recommend it to others with confi-

A gentleman passing one of our new building., called out that he had a bit of brick in his eye.­Then come here, exclaimed Pat, with a load on his shoulder,-com e here my honey, and I'll put a little mortar to it, and' then you'll have a wall eye.

Say Pat, are the days any longer in Ireland than in this country. Longer, aye, you may well say it, and not only longer, but there are a great many mor-e of them. He read the third; a chuckling noise I now began to hear.

The fourth; he broke into a roar; The fifth; his waistband split;

The sixth; he burst five buttons off, And tumbled in a fit. I

Ten days and nights, with sleepless eyes, I watched that wretched man,

And since, I never dare to writ Ii' As funny as I can.

To a Note on St. Clair Bank.

I will not take the ragged elf, In payment for my labor ;

Your Tillainy's revealed itself,

I which enters the nut 0: so that by turning the dence. Jonathan Goldlimith, O. R. Whiting, hand wheel, the spider Ilnd box-rods are moved Eben Sears, Sears & Fitch, Adams & Little­horizontally, as occasion requires, in adjusting field, Stephen F. Wilson, Leach & Sawyer, Si­the chisel to the work. It will be seen that the las Kendall, Franklin Patch, Bates & Kelsey, prest'nt pos ition of the chi,;el is not that for work- Coolidge & Blanchard, Caleh Pratt, Wood & ing; but the slide may be turned to the right or Joslin, Lincoln & Taylor, Downing & Colby, left by means of the yoke P, and a notch ill the James M. Cook, Robertson & Moulton, Rufus under side of the crown-head, on each side, rc- Rowell, Chauncy Page, O. & A. L. Burbank, J. ceives the yoke-lever, and thus confines the E B I G W II P W H & J R . art ett, . . . arker, .. . ,

One of the most popular pieces of mechanism which we have seen is the magician, constructed by M. MaiIlerdet, for the purpose of answering certain given questions. A fi�ure, dressed like a magician, appears seated at the Doltom of \Q4i wall, holding a wand in one hand, and a book in the other. A num­ber of questions ready prepared are inscribed on oval medallions, and the spectator takes any of these he chooses, and to which he wishes an answer, and having placed it in a drawer ready to receive it, the drawer shuts with a spring till the answer iE. re­turned. The magician then rises in his seat, bows his head, describe circles with his wand, and con­sulting the book as if in deep thought, he lifts it to­wards his face. Having thus prepared to ponder over the proposed question, he rises his wand, and, striking with it the wall above his head, two folding doors fly open, and display an appropriate answer to the question. The door again closes, the magi­cian resumes his original position, and the drawer opens to return the medallion. There are twenty of these medallions, all containing different questions, to which thc magician returns the most suitable and striking answers. The medallions are thin plates of brass of an elliptical form exactly resembling each other. Some of' the medallions have a question in­scribed on each side both of which the magician an­swers in succession. If the drawer is shut without a medallion being put into it, the magician rises, consults his book, shakes his head, and resumes his seat. The folding doors remain shut, and the drawer is returned empty. If two medallions are put into the drawer together, an answer is returned only to the lower one. When thc machinery is wound up, the movements continue about an hour, during which time about fifty questions may be answered. The inventor stated that the means by which the different medallions acted upon the machinery, so as to produce the proper answers to the questions which they contained was extremely simple.

I see the villain in your face, said a western judge to an Irish prisoner at the bar. May't please rour worship, replied Pat, that must be a persona re­flection, sure.

A young lady having engaged to be married took occasion to change her mind,. and brought the aid of a friend, saying-do help me out of thiil knot. 0 certainly, replied her Iriend, that's eaf:1ny done a. it s only a beau-knot.

Jimmy, do you go to school '1 Yes lir, to the schoel kept by Miss Post. Miss Post! not a whip­ping Post, I hope? 0, no sir: she is a guide Post.

You've robbed myself and neighbor.

Your very face is all a lie, Your promise but a bubble;

You raise the price of all I buy, And plunge mankind in trouble.

And when we ask you for the cash­How well's the matter mended 1

We find your blJfl1c "is broke to &mash," Or, hang you! you're suspended!

For bank the farmer grows his corn­The laborer gives his earning;

The student, like a sheep, il shorn, In spite of all hill learning. ---"""""8�!"""""""�-

A lVintel' Scrap. Our life is but a winter's day, Some only breakfast, and away! Others to din.er stay and ale full fed; The oldest man but sups and goes to bed! Large is his debt who lingers out the day; Mo goe, the lIOone,t ha& the least to pay!

��il� ClIilly.

My toes are froze, and so's my nose, The north wind shakes the pine;

It blows the snows in rows, I s'pose In clays of Auld Lang Syne.

chisel in its right position. We have no hesitation in saying that this lIla-

Warner, Solomon S. Gray, James Bryne, Wil­liam A. J ndkins.

!E2E__ __ . m __ • __ _ PROGRESS OF CINCINNATI.-As late as 1809 ciri- RELIGION OF A DOG.--':"Man�saidR-obertBurns cinnati was not able to sustain more than one �ews. -is the god of the dog-he knows no other; and paper, and at a period ten years later-18l9,-there see how he worships him! With what £reve­were but three in existence. As late as 1832, we renee he crouches at his feet; with what love he had only fifteen periodicals; three daily, two semi- fawns upon him, with what dependence he looks up weekly, seyen. weekly, one monthly, and one quar- to him, and with what checrful alacrity he obeys terly pUbl.!Canon .. There are now published herc him. His whole soul is wrapped up in his god; and twe.lve. daily, fO�lftee� weekl,y, and fourteen monthly I these powers and faculties are cnIlobled by the in­p

.erlOdlCals1 b�sldes dlrecto;lCs and ��ma.nacs of va- tcrcourse. It ought to be just so with the Christian,

rlous descriptIOns. Ten of these dallies Issue weeke but tllC dog puts the Christians to shame." lies, and three of them tri-weeklies also. As late all -"'�'J#oIo�"".-1�11, t?ere was but one house of worshil) in Cill­ClOnal!. As late as 1827, there were but twelve; in l832, twenty-five.

LIVE FIsH.-One of the benefits of a railroad is to convey the fine lake fish alive to dis tant places. The Troy Budget says that last Friday a quantity of black bass caught by seine in Saratoga Lake, were boxed up and sent to the village, five miles, and from there to Troy a distance of 31 miles; ma­king 8 heurs from the time they were taken out or the water before they arrived at Troy. When the box was .pened many of them showed signs of life, and on putting one in a tub of water, it swam round as merrily as though it had not been a minute out of itll natural element.

BHOOM COliN P AI'ER.-A specimcn of paper made from broom corn stall!s has been shown in Philadel­phia. The Philadelphia Inquirer alludes to it as an excellent article, remarkable for toughness, flexibili­ty and body, and another important matter, offered at a very low rate. The manufacturers deserve credit for their enterprise.

_>w.,�, __ -

IRON MOUNTAIN.-The St. Louis New Era, of the 13th says:-We understand that the iron works of the Iron Mountain Company, in St. Francis coun­ty, will speedily gQ into operation. This will give employment to many hands, will supply a large part .f the state with a useful article, and will be a start in a new busines! that is destined to become ireat and prOllperous.

-��,.-NEWSPAPEIl BORROWER-A GOOD JOKE.-A joke

which we copy for the amusement of those who an­noy the readers of a newspaper by sending to bor­row it, appears in the Baltimore Sun, as a sort of commentary to a paragraph which appeared in the Ledger.

A Mr. S. sat reading the paper at home, in the morning belorc leaving for his store , when the boy of a neighbor entered, with the usual way :-" Mr. S., pappy wants to borrow your Sun a lew minutes, this morning."

"Tell your pappy," said Mr. S., "that I am using my Sun, but-" drawing a penny from his pocket and handing it to the boy, "there', a. penny which I am not using just now, with which he can buy one. Tell him he needn't put himself out of the way to re­turn it to-day. I will send for it whell I want it, the Barna aq I frequently hav. to do fOI" my paper."

Just step iuto the street and I'll give you a cow­hiding, sairl a rowdy to an Irishman. By my sowl, now, replied Pat, and I wouldn't do it if you'd give me two of them.

Now I tell you what it is, massa, you can't no more make dat plough keep stick in the ground, dan chase a shad up a' cimmon tree, tail foremost, with a mullen stalk III frosi.y morning.

An exqnisite having ordered a pair of drab pantl, declined taking them when finished, on the plea that they were too light for the season. To remedy the matter, the tailor lined them with sheet lead.

It is suggested that all the dogs of New York should be restricted to Bark-lay street; that the cats should be sent to the Mew-seums, and the mice to Nibble-o's Garden.

Well, Susan, what do you think now, about all married ladies being happy ? Why, I think there are more aint that i., than there i8 that aint, as to that, any how.

Mind dat, massa: when sun rile bery arly in mor­nin, and set afore he rises, there'll be lIartin .ien of rain fore soon, dats a fact.

An Irishman aeeing his friend lying dead drunk in the gutter, exclaimed, Ah, poor Jammie, an' surely I wieh I could take half your diseallo on mellolf.

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.

§!&S

NE W-YORK, THURSDAY, DECEMBER I i. TG CORRESPONDENTS.-E. A . ill iDformed that

" Davids' excellent black ink," i� Ilold by Mr.Groom, d2 State street, Belltol! : all10 hy Marsh, Corn hil l Square. S. P. F. and J. E . W . will recei ve due at­tention.

BREACH OF PIIOM I S E.- l t wa, our i ll telltioll to have presented the plan of a ship-railroad in this number, as was ment ioned i n our last : but circulTl­l!ltances having rendered the in�ertioll of the Im­proved Mortising Machine in this n umber indispen­sible, the other subject is deferred, but w i l l appear next week. HELP WA NTED.-Notwitilstanding our ctlorta,

and tbose of our friends, it appears e vident that not o ne person of a hundred, in the U n i ted S tates, have yet h�ard of such a paper as the Scientific A meri­can. Will those who recei ve the paper do us the special favor to m en tion i t to o thcrs.

- _ .. --" ,.,..,.,."-." ,,..-

Science of lUecllanics. Continued from No. 13 . ) I N ERTIA AND MQMENTlll\f.-Bnt few people are

able fully and clearly to com prehend the laws of momentum as developed by its effects in project ion5 under different velocities. I t is a commonly enter­tained opinion, with those who have not given par­ticular attention to the laws of IlIcchanical motion, that the same quantity of foree and power that would project a ball often Ibs. wcigll t, w i t h a vcloc.i ty or tel l feet pe r second, would also b e s u fficient t o projcct a five lb. ball with a velocity or twenty leet per se­cond. And on this erroneous opinion, rnfmy have based their calculations w i t h regard t o tlie operat ioll of new constructions of machinery, alJ(J have as ol� ten been digappoill ted i n the re�u h s ; ,l.! le fa�l heiug fhat double the power is requircd to project tile smaller ball with double vclocity . luertia aud mo­mentum are general ly defi lled as beillg d i>;ti l let pro­perties ; or at least as being peeu l i ar to d i llcrell t e i r­cumsta nces ; but \V he ll str il'lly eOIl�idercd, they are found to be so etlselltially alld preci.eJy the tlame thing, in all points, that we kuow of 110 eat;e ill

which either term would Ilot apply with equal pro­priety. The term momentum, i� \l�ual ly applied to designate the inel tia of bodies ill motion ; b u t w hat body is there which is Iwt i u UHJ tio l l ? If a !Hal l is riding in a rai lroad cu r, at the rate of tweuty lU i le� per hour, h e may hold a l l apple Oil his ope l l iJaud, or place it on a tab lc , awl it w i l l re l uai l l I'e l ati vely stationary j t h i R, t l l l 'n . i H i n e r t ia : hlt t let iJi l l ! thro w, or roll the apple w i t h a vdnr i ty Il(Jual to twcllt,y miles per hour, and i l l a d i rel't i o l l .-o utrary to that of the car, and i t w i l l I tc appare l l t l y prujected w i th a. great loree, allu to aH grt'at it d iRtauce, as if it had been thrown by a nuw who Ht"l ) t i 011 terra fir­ma, at the time. This, theu, is n l f l lneutu m, although the apple during its appnrcl l t I 'rojectiOJI, has heen as completely stationary IIH i f it I Hld heell at rest l'lI the surrace of the earth . Btlt � Ul'lIo�e it IS to he projected ill the c()l l t rary d i redi'J I i . 111 thiH case, i ts velocity is dOli bled-at t he rate or forty m i les per hOUI, and that withou t u l IY !,realer ex cr liol l 011 ti l e part of the projector, l i tal l that mquircd to o ver­come ita velocity aN heforc l l lcn tiol lcd . N , ) w i t l I lay be contended in 0ppol/i tion tll our theory, that a� a certain force WIlS required to gi\'c the apl,le i ts f ir�t velocity of twenty m i leR per hour ; anti an equal force again applietl by the mall with ill the car, w i l l live it an equal ad dit ional vclncity, i t is proved COII­cluaivelr that a doublc force-or a iiingle force re­peated, which is the !lame thillg-wil l produce double velocity. N o w we cOll le to Ihe poill t : the fact Ilnd truth is, however, incomprehenl>ihle it may appear, that the man being h imljelf i ll 1I l0tion whell he projecta the apple, he cloes up'ply three tim.es w much power ( not force) to the apple, as was required to give it ita first velocity ; and the apple is ill this case projected with Jow' t i meR as milch forcc and momentum, as it was ill i ts first velocity of twen­ty miles per hour ; and although there has been ap­parently but two quantities or Force applied, the ap­ple will travel by its mow.D!u m joUt' times as far, or require four times tM! n:,;igtance to stop i t, that it would under its fi rst single veloci ty .

T o be continued.

Galvanism. (Continued from No_ 13.)

Eu .. c � !' v " P LA' J'lNG V. 1T II S I LVER.-B'ur this IJ ur­pooc, lour ha tterie .. , (or luur \ldir�) arc w.e", CO I I ­IlCcted l'.Ollbcl'utivcly , a" descri hed i l l No. 1 1, with the negat ive and positive wires connected, extend- , ing to a porcelain font. T h e solution to be con- ' ta i ned in the font for this purpose i� prepared as fol­l ows :-To one ounce of nitric acid in a tumbler, add one ounce of water allrl halfan ounce of silver. A llY si l ver , �oi ll" will an,;wer far this purpose ; and when the si lver i" d it;�ol ved, or when ebuli tion cease,;, add, ill Sill all qual i t i tieH, a 1:I0lutioli of muriate of Hoda ( COll l IllOIl tablc sal t , ) which wil l throw down the s i lver in a white opaque precipitate. Continue at lrling the sal ine solutioll, as long a s the preoipita­tioll of the ail ver is prod ueed t hereby j then let the silver pl'ecipitate t;etlle, aud POl l l' all' the acid, anrl fil l up the tumbler w i l h pure water. When the s i l­ver Inu; agai l l settled, pOll r 011' the water and again replenish i t, thus washing the silver frol/l the nitric ac.id two 01' three ti mes. Then pou r on to the pre­cipitate of sil ver, in slll a l l quanti ties, a solution of c.yanu ret( Of cyanide )01' po ta�sillm,-ear6fully avoid­ing the liHucs that l l Iay ariRe thcrefrom-ti l l thc precipi tate i8 re-disbo!ved hy the cyuuuret. Then pour the !;olution i n to the IOllt,Hnd add a quart of p u re water,and it is ready lor ll�e. The cnd of the positive w i re must be flattened and made bright, and a strip of plati na platc an inch long and 1 -8 wide, must be soldered or lashed thereto, and project some dis­tance beyond the end of the wire ; for the wire be· ing of copper, wou ld he corroded, i f per.mi tted to d i p in t h i s solution. The article to be plated, having been well cleallseu, IUUst he attached to the end of, or he kept i l l eontact w i th, tl ie nega t i ve wire. Theil, the battery being charged lor action, the end of the platHla plate i8 i l ll mersed in the solu t ion, and the ar­ticle to he plated , is al�o in l lnersed at from two to six il lche>l d i fitallce from the platina ( which is termed the pos i t i ve pole-point, ) ant! a d eposi t l oll ... f pure si lver will i m med iately Clllnmcnce, n i l all parts of

the immersed article. Several a rticles Illay be pla­ted at the same timc, l iy being im mersed and l(Cpt in coutaet with either lhe negati ve wire, or w i th an­o ther anicle that is in coutal:! with the w ire. For this purposc, allli the uetter to aeClJ lll llllldate the ar­ticles to he plat

ed , the ucgati vc w i re m ay be made to

pass lIu'oulrh the solut iou, ncar to the ho ttom of the lou t j ami all the al' t ides l l Iuy be lai d thercou, du­I ' iug the process. These articles nl ust be taken out of the font whellevel' the ,;u rtil.l:c of thc deposited silver appears of' a I'ougl i w hite 01' yel low c:olor, alltl be ri llsed ill water, aud brushed o ver w ith tine whi­tiug till the surface appears bright, aud again re' tumeu to the fO l l t, u n let;s the coati ng or �i1ver is judged to l.e of su flicient thiclmc�:s. W hen the pro­cess is comple ted tile ul ' t ide.; I l IdY be b rushed w i th whi t iug alld washed with soap alld water, and d ried w i lh box wood Raw-dust . The metals Illost suitable to he lilateti w i t h si l ver, are hrass, copper, and Ger­Illan "il v c r. 1 1'01 1 , s lcet, and pewtcr may also be sub­stan tially plated with si l ver, l'mt as a different appa­ratus and process is required , the suhject will be de­ferred. The process of plati ll� wit h gold will ap­

pear ill our next u u mher. To be continued .

IMPIWV I;MENT I N TIl l: M A N Ut'ACT U IU; OF InuN A N Il ST E I-: L.-Mr. J. J . O�bol'll, of Macdesfield, has paten ted "oll le " i mprovem ents in the Manufacture of I ron and Steel, alill i n fiJrlmces tl) he employed far 8Udl or Mim ilar mall u liwture." These i mprove . InCli1s cOIl�ist, first, i ll a eom(lo.;ilioll to be ad ded 10 p i g- i ron or cast-iroll, whell i l l a melted 8tate, COIl ­s ist ing of 2lhs. comlIlOII ,.;alt, �3Ibs. i roll , 1 51bs. i rOll �Iag from the forge, for all o rdinary charge of 2 to 4 ewl. of pig- i roll , the ingred ients 10 bc well i n cor­porated, alld, by means o f an i ron SPOOIl, added in t:'ll lall llualltities at a t imc, to the melted mas s, and t.hen �t irretl up. The iron is then to he puddled and hcated, i l l thc usual way III' mail i ng har-iron. For mak i l lg �heer-8teel, a m ixture or :J Ihs. of com mon salt, � Ihs. 0 1 quickl i me, and 2 Ibs. pearlash, or 4 1b8. carbonate or Hoda, mixed, H n d added to a charge of ' 5 C lY t. of ' pig-iroll, melted at It white h eat, 20 1bs . fllag to he alhled .

Tile art of Paintinl. (Continued from No. 13.)

LANDSCAPE PAINTING.-A beginner in the art of drawing landscape views, will !1ometimes find it dif­ficult to measure the relative proportions of distant objects, by the eye alone, but may readily prepare an instrument similar to that represented in the cut, (a plan of which was furnished us last week by Mr.

J. E mary, of Bucksport, Me.) This sextant may be ten er twelve inchtls in lenith, made of wood, or of stout paliteboard merely, with a Beale of inches 011 the cu rved part. It has a slhall upright projection at A, through which is a small orifice ; another up · right or projecti ng pin at B, and a third at C. The u'pright at C i s moveable, being fixed on a s l iding claMp, which Illay be moved to the right or Icft Oil t he arc. This instrument may be used in either a horizontal or vertical position ; and when the prac­titioner would observe the visual height of a d istant object, he has only to bring the orifice A to his eye, raise the sextant t i l l the pin B ranges with the bot­tom of the object, and remov e the sliding clasp C till the pin ranges w i th the top thereof: the mches o n the scale, between the projecting pins, wil l shew the height that the object is to be drawn. By a similar process, the visual brea d th of an object or the distanc.e between the two objects, may be rea­dily asccrtained. T h e method, whieh gives the IIIOSt perfect perl!lpective, however, is thnt of sketch­ing on plate gl a�8. For this purpose, a small coni­cal post, A, hav ing a horizontal orifice, through the head t hereof; is pl aced 011 11 board or tablc, and a square piece of I,late glass, B C D E, having been prepared by a very thin coat of di lute copal varnish on one side, is plaeed and secu red i n a vertical posi­tion, at a convenient distance from the post.

1\

This glass being placed in the direction of the ob­ject to be d rawn, the Ie-arner may bring !t iN e-ye- to the orifice, and trace w i t h a lead pC l I l ' i l O il tile vw.rnillhed side of the glass, the out l i l l !'s of the objectil as they appear. He may arterward place the glass i n a ho­rizbntal position, OJla sheet of white paper, and l ay a piece or tra nllparent paper on the glass, and again trace the outl ines 011 the transparent pa per. When th is is done, he l I Iay take u sheet of thin white pa­per, and ruh olle side of i t wi th hlat'k lead or d ry red ochre, alld place i t w i th Ihe c o lored �idc dow II 011 the board or grou l ld that i� t o re .. !' iv(\ the pidu rt: ;

" and UpOIl this paper, place the trallHpafl ' l l t papflr Oi l w b ich the tl'ar.illgll are made. T heil hy re-tTltci l llot t he out l ines with a pointed piece of h u n l wood" tile l iue8 will he cOl lspicuously trll l llllorrell to the pre­pared gro u lld. T h is proceol' may appear rll ther te­d iou�, hut by the prac tice thercul; the len mer I I llly acquire more knowledge, and ntulle more proficiency i l l ( he ar t of pers)le('.t i ve d rawing, in olle hour, thall ill three days' pran t i t,c of I h«" g-eonwt rical system . 'r:lte learuer should accllstom hi msel f ' t o measuring d istalll:C8 anti proportions by the eye alone, how­ever, w i thout depel ld ing Oil auy other IIpparntus than a peneil . In d c�igl J i l lg l a l l doeape pictures, the learner wi l l filltl all advantage i ll fir!;t making his ske tches 011 paper, 8hading the objects holdly with all extra-hlack lead penci l , rubhi l lg O l l t and correct­i n g as occasion may require, t i l l he hn� a rranged the objeets to his taste. It not uu fh'quc l l t l y occurs in The mass, attcr being properly worked, i� madc tb is branch, that eome near anti promi l icll t object is into bal ls, IHll l J lnered atHl rol lcd. For cast stcel the required to be d raw n first, alld the picture fi lled up

mass is treated i ll the same way as last deseribetl , as w i t h grounds and d istances afte r w a r d , with m i llor regards thc mix ture, hut not pudd led or balled j a Qubjects so arranged as to sho w the fil'� t to the best. b last limml:c llIay he used . The charge heillg tap· ' advantage : b ut i ll the pai nt ing' process, the diHtan­

ped, and rUIl i n to a bcd, for making a plate, 1 1-2 ees are first painted, and the mOllt prominent are i ndl thick, the slag wi l l rise to the surfilce, aNd upon fulished afterward . The heighte n i n g of objects with --"�I#"' ''''' .�''''''''-- heing cooled by spri n k l i n g water, it w i l l he easi ly

THill TRAYELLI NG BA I,LOON.- We havc recently , , I . del icate touches of very l ight color�, usually consti-seperated when c o l d . 1 h e p ate IS thell brol<e up, th f . I . f I rl . . . heard some inquiries eoncernil lg the progress of the and re-Illel l ed i n erucibl c� or pots, in a blast fu rnace, t�

ltes

I e III�S l I �g (I�OC�ss 0 . I

an scape Plamtlllg III

traveIling balloon, atlll the »rospect of issuing cer· ' tl I ' I I . '1' 28 I I. t' I I t b 0) co ors : .. ut HI pamtlllg wit I water co ors on pa-r- m IC 0 o Wl Il g lI Ianucr :-- o · uB. O t w p a c 0 - . . . tificates, &c. ·, to which w� l lIay frullidy answer, that . d i d ' 1 I d I 1 1 2 I I 1 tl I

[Ier, thc ord er IS m sOllie meallure rl' ve r,;ed . I n tIllS tame as ast e�cl' l ,el . a ( - lS. green lOt e . . we have been greatly dl' oal'rlointed w i th re crard to 8 \ I ' 16 I t f I d hr,lI lcit , the artist (Iel,cntis ou the t nul,;Jmrency of the C r '" <Ta�s o z . pl'ar as I . o r o z . car JOWL e o SOl a an . " our anticipated ci reu lat inu and havc but l ittle 111'08- 8'" ' I I I ' I I " II b . ' , cnlor .. , seldom uses w h i te, or very I I !! l t t upaque co-. , . oz. ) U.(' \ oX It e 0 nlaU (Y'al )e�{' u tf) c sllrret u p . . . ..... . peet of ilurplus 1)1'01'1 '" 8Um ' I'e l t to Illi t f'ol'w ' lrd tile

I' , "" . . lor�, h u t proGeed s Oi l thc 11 I' l I lc II,le ot t rausllareut '" . . I ' Ill thc IlIcl ted l ro l l j al l d w l l e u ca�l 1 1 1 10 I l Jgots ea�t . . . . . ,

balloon for s i x lIlol i ths to CO l l ie ' alld fU l' thcr that t I ' I I 1. I ' \ '1' 1 I I' M J J pa l l l t l llg, and apphes a le8� q uallt l ty of (lal u t, where . , ' s ee W I u e O rtllet . Ie �eeolJ{ part 0 r. . . I ' , . we find such a rauk and b i tler prej udice a<raill , t the 0 <. , . • I t I tl I " t the Ightest colore arc reqU i red, rU l ll leaves the w l l l tc

. " '. � '. I ,,;uorl iC S J I IVel l t l l l l l rc I I e s u JC ) It'l'll l al' COilS r u c - . " I . ' " , . . . Prolect, that we I l I l" ht eXi ,ed a larae IJart of our . I' I I f' , . . I' I' gl OU lH u ucolored, w hel e w h i l e I� rC(l l I l I eti, I I lstead

J " " lIOli 0 U I lis t u ruace, COII�IHlillg ot a tl r l lace 01' 1 1 1 - I . ' " . . Present natro llalle to fai l if \V e wcre Imo wlI to he d f" "J I ' . . I I ' I d " 1 ' . oj tlSl I lg wlute pal u t. an t i l l S aCcoll l l t , the proecs8 r "" l e o al l l l'O l l pot, '" cet l!! I X l I le iCS l I g I, au .) eel I I I • . . . . actualIy en 17afTed Oll the suhj ect O u r iutell tioll is d ' ' tl U I I I I I' t tl 01 l a n dscape pll lll l lng 011 paper W i th the or,\ t l lary '" " . , lameter, WI I u 10 es it cll nu t iS U l lces, n ear to Ie , . " however to is�ue IlropOtmls iu a l I e w circular aud

I b tt I ., I . I t 1 - ' I bl t d ra wl l lg Go lors, I S slo w al ld l ahor lOu8, as al l th e , , 0 01 1 1 , HIli r O U l i u ( J C S l ( e, 0 tH I l l l t t Ie as Il iore , if the requiiite funds cau be raised for lIlakincr the I I '1' 1 I I ' " J . I I" I 1 t h gh t� IlI l 1st be prese r ved , a l ld cut roulld lly darker '" equa y. I e 1 '0 � dre I l l e IV l t I me c ay. a lOll . . experiment in the Snrill'7 our ori aillal subscri�ers I . ' I t\ ' I ' I t I I ' , ,;olor� O i l deeper .;halll"I<. A l ltl a� 1 1 0 l i g h t object r ,,' '" : '* I I lC les lie < j I I I I Ie cC l i t re l1 t Ie put t l e re 18 a i . . . . . will be remembered as stocldllliders '1 I t' I 1 " 1 ' I ' I I t l ' I i' l : call he pam tet! Oi l a colorcd gI'OUHU, It IS I IIthspell-. stall! , or l l lC ' 0 I l le ll'lC \ � , ni le 00 l Ig I. Ie put I . , --,-#.,.,��-.... -- I ' . . . _ . : sahle to I'al l l t the I Ican,st ohjeC I� fir�t, alJ(l represent.

I Curious Ads. I I To MAKE A STR O N G WATER-PROOF GLUE.-DiS- \ I solve common gl ue in water ill the usual way, and I dip i n to it �om(\ elea l l paper, t<ll fTieiellt to talw IIp a ll

II

, ounce or more of the glue. Whell the paper i s nearly dry, rol l it up, or c u t i t into strips, and p u t them into a w ide-mouthed phial o r flask, with abom four ounces of alcohol ; sut!!pend this over a fire so as to 'boil it gently for an ho u r, having the cork set i n slightly to prevent its taking fire, hut not so as to prevent the escape of the vapor enti rely. Then take out the Imper (the ollly use of which is to gi ve the glue more surface for the action of the alcohol ) and add one oun'ce of gum-shellac in powder ; con­

TllP re have been one thousand and seve n ty-seven arrivals of vessels i n the harbor ofChit�ago, I I I " Ju­ring the last �even Tl I0 1lt"�. I t mnst be a great lake ·porl.

M r. B rad ley l'ca�e, late 01 New O r leans, deceali­ed, l lil� left about $4000 worth of property, which has lound no cJai mant. H is relatives are said to

tinue the heat, often shaking the m ixture til l the resid e in Vermont. sbeIJae is dissolved. T hen evaporate it to the pro- Sixty b-a

-r-r-e-Is�o�f�s-u-I�l-�fl�o�w�e�r�s�ee�d-h

-a-v

-e-

been re­per consistence ror use. Nl)te.-Many experiments cently brou�ht from Keokuk to SL Louis, for a mar­have been m ade, in order to d i�co ver some aqueou� keto The sun-flower flourishes on the western prai­size, that when d ry, would reeit;t moisture : and �ome rie�, without cultivation. have rec'um lllended skimmed milk, and o thel's v i ne-gar, as a menstruum for the glue. But it does not A ll orange tree, in the garden of Mrs. Paramor, appear rrom trial, that either of theE'e are but very in Florida, has produced this season, ten bushels of l ittle better for this I,urpose than water ; nor is it oranges, of fine flavor and good size. The tree is probable that any similar composition of size will bu t ten years old. resist moisture much bette r tha n com mon glue, es- I W e are-i n-r.-o-rl-ll-e-d-t�h�a�t�l\:�fr-.�E-I�ls�w-o-r-t-h-, -fo-r-mer Com-pecially if it be m ixed with sulphate or l ime, or some missioner of P atents, is assisting Mr. B urke, in the simi lar su bstance by way of support. preparation of the Commissioner's Report, for the

--��""'.#"''''''''.I''''-'1'0 II ENDE R WOOD, C LOTII , OR PAI'EI< 1<' I II E­

PRooF.-Dissolve one ounce of alum, half an ounce of sub-ilorate of soua, and half an ounce or cherry­trec gum, in half a pint or vinegar. Dip any cloth or pieces of paper, or wood, in this mixture, and let them dry ;-they cannot afterwards be ignited so as to blaze, but may be considered safe with regard to their taking fire by accident. Note.-Thou gh this composition is a very powerful preventive against fire, it is too comvlex for common use, and has too milch color for w hite cloths or papers ; but a solution of one OU lice of' sub-borate of soda in a pint of water is very transparent and harmless, and will answer in most cases nearly as well.

----.,.,.",..�8,..,.,,�--ATMOS P II E R I C R A I LWAvs .-We have tiaid but

l i ttle 0 1 1 this 8uhject h i therto, for the reason that we have had bllt l i tt l c confidellce in the ult imate suc­cesl! of the project j b u t the projectors or presen t proprietors have evi nced ex traordinary perseve­rance, anti seem determi net! to malIC their plan po­pular at all e vents. T hey have expellded Illany thou�allds bll the experim ent, and report apparently bri l l iant success : hut after al l this, the stubhoru fact remainH, that the plan ladls s implicity, being COl l l ­plicated i n i t� construdion , alld requir ing lIIuch ac­cu racy of l in i,l I l , a l i t! OJ l lscqueAtly, di lfic u l t to Iwep ill repa i r. We I:lt i l l rehtin t l ie opil l io l l ; that the at.­mosl'hcrie mil way, call l Iever suceecd to supercede the ortl i l lary 1 l I0de of l'ropel l illg t he traills by loeo-1II0ti ve engi l le�, a l t hough it lIIay be preferred Oll

HOl l le Iii v( )r i t e �ct:ti() l 1 � of roatl or ll Joderate lellgth. As Home of O ll i' reat \er� l I I ay not be aeljllail l tcd with the pecu l i a r c() l I� truction of th is k i n d of rail roarl , we shall add It hl' ief debl'ripl ioll . The rai l � of the a t­mospheric railway, are the �all le as i l l other rai l­ronds, b u t i t is furnished with an iron pipe which is placed between and pa rallel to the rails, and extend­illg the wholc lenl,tth of the road. A cy l indrical pistol l ii, ukely fi tted to the i n teritJr of this pipc, anrl iN t l r ive l l throl lgh the pipe hy a tlllo�pheric prcs­lIure, I II cousequen ce 01 a partial vacUum being pro­d uced in the forward section of the pipe, by the power of Il Iltealll ll l lgine wh ich is tltationed at the cnd of the rnatl , or of a Ilertion thercof. That this pi.ton mlly he c,ol lnected to a trai n of cm's fUI' the Jlllrl'0�c of propel liug thclI I , a crevice or seam is Icft open on tl te upper Ride of the pipe, th rough which a plate of i ron projects frolll the piston, and this project ion is con n ected to the car�. This cre­vice is closed by two strips of leather which are at · tached to the outside of tha pipe, and close up, or come in contact at the top, so as to exclude the ex­ternnl air from the interillr : but the connecting plate, being IShnrp at the edges, I>eparates the strips of leather as it pag,;es, hut not so as to ad mit the external a ir. We have thus explained the principle without giving a minute dellcription of the mode of connecting and adjusting the several parts and mode of management.

--'�N""H"" __ _

present ycar. -------�������--

M r. J. Morrill, w ho keeps a hotel at Sherburne Falls, Mass., recently made a present of his entire stock ofl iquors, to a Temperance Committee at that place. Quite � treaL

Somebody remarked during the recent slippery ti me, that " nobody looked higher than their feet, though in some i nstances they had to look upward to see them. ----���������----

It is estimated that 300,000 pumpkin pies were eaten in Connectic,ut on Thanksgiving day : enough to cover five acres, or extend, if placed in a row, about 45 miles.

Great excitement st i l l prevails among the Chero­kees : eleven Indians have been killed by the mur­dermIS banditti, and Reveral hundred Cherokeeii were ill pursuit of them.

D u r ing the last week in November, 16,689 barrels of flour were transported " over the mountains " by the Western Rai lroad to Boston. T hat road is per­forming wonders. ------��������----

The supply of anthracite coal sent to market from the Pennsyl vania m i nes in 1845 wil l have reached ueal'ly 2,000,000 tons. 10,400 tons were sent from Scl l lly l ldl l la8t week.

The St�hat the price of wood in that city, is from six to eight dollars a cord . The people of that section m ust look ou t for coal Ill lllet;.

Snow is reported to have fallen the depth of three leet i n Michigan City, I ndiana ; and in many places sout h of Kentucky snow has rallen to the depth of olle loot.

----��

It i s asserted, by an eminent London baker, that tweuty pounds of A merican flour will make two pound::; more of bread than the same quantity of English flour. --------������--------

Mr. E. L. Kim b rough, of Alabama, has raised three " sweet Carol i n as," t he aggregate weight of which is nineteen pounds. They would be curiosi­ties h e re.

The S ult�;;-M�i;��;�d ']ibein�fied with a picture of the beheading of John the B aptIst, drew his sci meter and struck off the head of one of his fila ves, to illustrate the defects in the picture.

It is said that every m i le of railroad requires eigh acres of lan d . On this estimate the 1800 miles al� ready constructed occupy upwards offourteen thou­sand acres.

Jackson the " American Deer," lately ran ten and a half m iles in fifty-seven minutes, on the Can. ton course near B altimore. This feat is without precedent. ----��������------

A meeting of citizens has been called at East Cambridge, to concert measures for abolishing the toll and rendering the bridge between that place and Boston, free. ------��������----

The authorities of Denmark have adopted the guilfotine as the instrument of capital puniiihment i n that country instead of hanging. Quite an im­provement truly. --��������----

T he company of Ojibbeway Indians, have visited, by invitation, the King of the French, at St. Cloud where they met w ith the King and Queen of th� Belg ians and alJ the royal fam ily.

A lady was recently detected in stealing lace fro m the eouuter of a shop in London. S h e had £8,000 ($38,000) with h e r, which she offered, to be releas­ed j but this being refused, she was committed.

The cost of tippling, i n the Unite d States, has been estimated at $ 100,000,000, a sum sufficient to build a city of 100,000 good dwelling houses­annually.

-��

T h e number of spindles running in the vicinity

A POWE RFUL PIIOPELLEII -A lin-back wlnle IS placed Wltl l l l l a call , I I lade 01 t l l'lll Jr(1I1 pl rtte,"" � ' I I ' I' d . I ' d ' • < ' . • • ' . . . " I t iC l lt;tallccS a Icr w ar . cau tIOus y a vol I I I" the cx-having very carelessly made his appearallce ill I feet 6 I IIciles I J lgh, ali t! � leet l::! l l lehc,,; m breadth, ' t ' I' I l " I ' \ . �

, I U � . ' eIlHIOII 0 any co or .eyom I l� proper Hll ltS. B u t

Provincetown harbor last Monday SOll ie youn " m ell I bol letl wge the r, a l ltl eC lI le l l tc , so as 10 ,orm, W i th a I I I ' I I . . .

E OUCATION IN TH E D U'FEIIEN'l' STA TEs.-E very true A l I lerican, must feel interested to know the comparative state of education in different sections ofthe Union, and must feel some concern to see how d egrad mgly ignorant the people of some of the old statell are, in comparison with others, or evan with the newly settled and th inly peopled territories. It wiJI be seen by the fol lowing descending scale, from the census or 1840, that i n some of the southern A tlantic S tates, there are fifty whi te persons who can neither read nor write, to one in Connecticut, In proportion to the white population : and that even in the D i�trict of Columbia, the seat of the concen­trated wisdolll of the nation, the propo rtion of those who call Iwi the r rearl 1I0r wri te, is nearly equal to t hose in Wisconsin Territory. In Connecticut, the white perllolls above tIle age of twell ty-one, who can ncither read llor write, are 1 i l l 3 1 1 ; ill New Hamp­shire, 1 i n 150 j Mas8achusetts, 1 in 89 ; Maine, 1 in 72 ; Verlllont, 1 i ll 'ill ; Michigan, 1 in 44 ; New York and Ncw Jert!ey, 1 ill 36 ; PelJn�ylvania, 1 i n 22; O h io, I i n 18 ; Iowa, 1 i n 17 ; Louisiana, 1 i l l 16 ; Dilltric,t of Col umbia, I i n 16 ; Maryland anti Wise-ousin, 1 in 13 ; Illdiana aud Mississippi, 1 in 10 ; Florida, 1 in 8 ; I llinois , Arlmnsas and M issouri, 1 in 7 ; Delaware, Sou th Carol ina, Virginia, Alaba­ma and Kentucky, 1 in 6 ; Georgia, 1 in 5 ; North Carol ina and Tennessee, 1 in 4.

of Portsmouth, N. H., is estimated at a hundred and uinety-two thousand.

Some writer�se people who are much in the habit or paying compliments, seld om pay anything else.

, " I . . . . t Ie ('.0 o r� w I IC I arll usm I I I HeCilC pal l l tlllg, or lal ld-rowed ont to salute him and one of them fastened a I Circu lar plate at top, al l al l· - t lgh t ehaillber, W i t h a . . ' I I f , ' " ' . , , . scape pal l ltl llg 011 wa s 0 roo i l lS, a rc even more harpoon firmly in the whale's back when he imme- space 01 3 l Uclw,,; l ei t rouud the po t. I he blast IS I' I 1 ' 1 I d I . , . . I ' ' " per ecl. y opaque t mu 01 co ors ; au t lC art of ap-diately started off at a violel lt rate to wa rd s T rur o ' fir8t ad ull ttctl l l l tl l t I IH 011 tel' ca l l , w i l l eh fo rll ls au a i r I I I . I I I I d ' b I . , , , . , p ymg t Will, w I I C I we Ii IU e>1CTI e at ength I II and having d rawn the boat abou t fi ve m i les i ll 'is chatl lher, hy t wo or 1 Il0re O pl'l I l 1 1gS, hy w hwh means I f'

b' . , I ' • <

• • • , " u tu re num ers, IS morc att rael tve anu Illteresllng, many minutes the J'ol ly crew Hot chuo-ill " t o mak e the ul r I S ulOre equa l ly (hst l' l b u ted t l l rllugh the sev- d II I' I I , " " I " tI I

an more genera y usc u than any ot Jer branch, a long voyage, at that ralC of op�ed, cu t the rope era t )pe l l l l lg�, 1 1I�_ .. I,���;: �"" . . " ".__

usually consid ered U llder the head 0lji1.l!cy lminting. and .retumed ; generou�ly peru nttJllg tlte whale to G n oU N IJ COFFIiIl.-A cotlee roatiti l lg awl gl' i l ld- To be cOll t intled.

re:A�Eea:�r

p

:

o

:::;;;;;��e�e has acqui tted a I �;:: ��:�.�r�:l�����I�

I

¥.t�����:�ei ����;:�y:t;���,:������· T il E N E W Y:;:::";:::71�:�,H��:--:cCOUl1t or its man indicted fGr ' perjQrY, Gil the ground thut the consl(l erahl e qu an tlt1e" of burnt peas, harl ey, &c., immense ci rcu latioll, has 1I8ually renewed its type oath was taken with the uplifted hand instead of tbe I all reatly to be m all ulac tUl'ed into pure and genuine once in two m Oll ths, appeared yesterday morning i n insignificant form o f kisliling the book : and Elliot, I groulld ('.ollee. W c believe it has been generally new dress and style decidedly superior to its ordi­who deliberateiy snot young Kendall at Washing- understood that most of the " warranted pure " rea- nary " n ew rig." Every person who is accustomed ton, has been acquitted on the ground that he killed dy ground coffee, in the market., is of northern to read the paper, will have discovered the improve-his victim in self.defence. irowth. ment Ilt the first glance.

-���"'·#o"N"" ___ _

L I R EIl A LI 'J'Y o r FACTORY G I RL8.-A lad having lost his arlll by getting entangled in the machinery, i n olle or the Lowell mi l ls, the operatives readily made up the geuerous su m of three thousand dol­lars fur the lltlfortunate boy,-an instance ofsympa­thy and liberality w i thout a }l�rallel, and speaks wel l far the " white slaves of the No rth."

_'I' __ "o#;'�'� __ _

DARK N IGIITS.-A city cotemporary complains that the streltt lamps are not lighted on 1fIQOn nights and argues that if we had a moon it could not shine nor give light in such dark nights as Bome we have bad lately.

The Choctaws are expected to petition Congress during the present session, to be allowed a delegate on the t100r of Congress.

We hc�e way out west and all the way down east, except at Boston, where it is said to be haIr way between l ittle and nothing.

Mehelllet Al i , an Egyptian, is making splendid preparations for the marriage of' his daughter. The diamonds alone are valued at 5,000,OOOf., $960,000.

George Howell, who h as been recently sent to Moyamensing prison for pocket picking, is said to p ossess property to the amount of $10,000.

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.

c

Communication on Improvements.

In our last number we alluded to a communica­tion from Mr. E. J. Pierce, of Philadelphia, from which we preseu t the followillg extrdct.;, w h ieh will be read with i l lterel/t, al though our l i lll it� wiII not admit the communication entire. After some polite introductory remar ks, the w riter proceeds :

The Mechanic.

I am Nature'li own nobleman, happy and free,

A peer of the realm might well envy me,

For the land of the eagle has given me birth,

And my sons are all freemen that meet round my hearth.

Your cities, now rising in beauty and might,

Whose palace-like towers are fair to the sight, My hanets helped to build them, my strength lend its aid,

And by the sweat of my brow your proud cities are laid.

The ship that sweeps proudly o'er the far 8preading sea, Has been numbered and fashioned by the labor of me, And the pure massive marble that strikes on the view, Is chiselled and formed by the artizan too.

The smith, as he hums o'er the anvil a glee, He toils not for honors, or power, not he; He dreads not lost office, he seeks none to gain-· And the smithy's a king in his own proud domain .

TJ.e bravest of men from mechanics have sprung, And the sweetest of lays mechanics have sung ;

And the proudest of hearts mechanics should wear, When conscious of right in their bolomli they bear.

A Hnndred Years AKO. Where, where are the birds that sang,

A hundred years ago ?

The tlowers that all in beauty sprang

A hundred years ago '/ The lips that smiled, The eyes that wild

In flashes shone

Soft eyes upon-

Where, oh where, are lips and eyes, The maiden's smiles, the lover's sighs,

That lived so long ago ! Who peopled all the city street,

A hundred years ago 1 Who filled the church with faces meek,

A hundred years ago ? The sneering tale Of sister frail,

The plot that work'd A brother's hurt,

Where, oh where, are plots and sneers,

The poor man's hope, the rich man's fears, That lived so long ago 1

Where are the graves that dead men slept A hundred years ago ?

Who were they the living wept

A hundred years ago ?

By other men T hat knew not them,

Their laRds are tilled ;

Their graves are filled ;

Yet nature then was just as gay,

And bright the sun sholl.e as to-day, A hundred yeaas ago !

.Americ� I Love thee still.

America, I love thee still !

There's glory in thy name-

Therp.'s brightness beaming from thy birth , And honor from thy fame.

There's beauty in thy naked soil, Bespeaking smiles of love;

Thy rocks and blooming wilds proclaim

Protection from above.

America, I love thee still ! Beneath thy valleys rest

The pilgrims of a tyrant's power­

Bright emblems of the ble�t; And rouml them, clothed in silence, lies

The moulderiBg patriot's fame,

Embalmed in sacred Memory's fire­Immortal honors claim.

America, I love thee still ! Thou art my native land !

Thy joys, so pure, can ne'er be found Upon a foreign strand.

Tho' Pleasure's path and Fortunp,'s smile� In other climes seem fair,

The brightest of their hope. and joy�

Can naught with thee compare .

America, I love thee still !

Resplendent glories gleam Through all thy deeds; the sacred light

Shall ever be my theme . Pure from the realm's of victory's sky,

The crown was given to thee ;

'Midst starry l ights eternal stands The Orb of Liberty !

�� A FaoLisH FLocK.-Several hundred sheep, near

Rome, N. Y., beillg frighten�d by a locomotive and cars, escaped from their pen and rushed Dpon some ice, near a mill, when the ice giving way, they were precipitated into the mill stream, and 300 of them were drowned. It is a common thing for men to rush Irom safety into danger, but we have seldom known sheep to do it .

--� COASTING.-The boys of Albany have a fine time

lately, in the merry exercise of sliding down the hill streets, and althoul;!h several ladies have been tripped by the little rapid sleds, they were not dis­posed to complain, and the m irthrul glee of the boys was not to be in terrupted on that account. It might be well for the boys to be furnished with good bells, so that passengers crossing these streets might " look oat for the engine while the bell rings."

STAGI: AOC I BENTs.-While Booth w as perform­ing Richard III. , at Boston, one evening last week, he was severely injured by a piece of' anthracite being thrown upon the stage. Rev. B. Chase, and several oth ers, were much injured recently by the overturning of' a stage, about 14 m iles frem Co­lumbus, Miss.

" I went to sea at an early age and have sa iled in thirty-seven diflerent sea-vessels on the ocean.­From thirty-seven different crews I gleaned much informat ion besides tha t acqn i red by my own obser­vation�. These taugh t me that large vessels bad many advantages over smal ler ones,-biIIow8, ap­pall ing to the latter could be contended with and subdued by the former, and I formed the idea that vessels could be built so large as to render the most billo wy sea comparatively smooth, so as to present no obs tac.le to their motion. I read in ' N icholson's Phil080phy,' tha t the waves of' the sea could not at­tain a crest above th irty-two feet,-that is to say , a base or sixteen feet bel o w the surface and a cone of sixteen feet above the level of the sea. My own experience taught me that when the wind blew a hurricane the cones blew off the waves into the hol­lows and checked the vibration of the bi I Iows. Tke sea, in a hurricane, is almost a level surface, so that the greatel!t wave a ship has to contend with i!l no more than thirty-two fcet, under any circumstances. Now I consider i t perfectly practicable to bui ld a ship that will be superior to such waves,-a ship that wi\1 move on her course at the rate of twenty miles an hour, disrE!garding all the obstacles that Neptune and Boreas can bring against her. I never thought a sh ip of 4,000 tons would be sufficiently large and ponderous to rule the waves ; but I knew if I pro­posed a larger one in 1830, the project would not be considered. I thought I l1I ight pass for a sane mal l after a l imited 8uggestion, but to declare my whole opinion at that time would cause me to be 3et down by all manner of l1Iell, as stark staring mad. I therefore deferred giving my opinion in extension until a ship of 4,000 tons had been bu il t. At length came out the Great Britain, which, though not per­fect, is the best modelled ship in the world . Had she been fi tted with propellers like the Cambria, and with Ilroportionate power, she could he 10 reed 18 miles per hour under the ordinary ci rclllllstances in which she would be placed i n favorable weather at sea. But the screw propellers had made men mad, and the great Iron S teamer waf> doomed to be a failure."

This communication was accompan ied by a copy of a circular which was printed about s ixteen years ago, and in which the author endeavored to draw the atten tion of' the pub lic to certain rational pre­jects of vastly important improvemenlll ; but he SOOIl discovered as many had done before him, that it was easier to advance a rational theory than to overcome existing prejudices. On the subject of the circu lar, l\[ r. Pierce remarks :

" It was not well recei ved in this country. As soon as I had issued i t my friends came around me and advised me not to circulate any more copies of it, that those who had read it exclaimed immediate­ly that I was crazy ; alld t hat i t wou ld ruin my cre­dit, and injure me in a pecumary point of view very severely. Some of my relatives suppressed a l l the numbers that caine into their hands, and regretted sorely that any of them had found their way far abroad beyond their reach. Although the circulars found 110 countenance in this coun try, they were ap­preciated i n England, and originated the ocean steamers."

This communication is al,,;o accompanied with a drawing of a steam vessel, with paddle-wheels so constructed as to rise and fall with the undulation of th e water, or be raised out of the water altogether when the vessel is to be propelled by Iilails. We had intended procuring an engraving of this, but as the connection or machinery between the engine and the wheels is not fully represented, we shall defer it for the present. We agree with Mr. P ierce, how­ever, in the practicabil ity of nav igating the ocean by vessels built so long as not to be affected by the waves, especially if constructed on the model of the eliptical or revoloidal spindle. There would be no difficulty in constructing a vessel of sufficient strength on this plan, to the length of three thous­and feet, though not exqeeding thirty feet in diame­ter. Such a vessel, With the undulating paddle­wheels, migh t be expected to go ahead at the rate of 30 or 40 miles per hour, and be much safer than any vessels of ordinary models. But as it would be less practicable to convince capital ists of the practi­cability of such a project, than to construct and put such a vessel in successful operation, it is of little use to iIlustrate the subject unless it be for the bene­fit of future generatiollH.

---NiN"'#8��""""�;#-T H E ATLANTIC A N D PACIFIU RAILRoA D.-Mr.

Whitney, the enterprising projector of the grand project of II. railroad to Oregon, pl'oposes to extend the railroad d irectly from the land ing on the Lake to the shores of the Pacific ; and the route most convenient, under all circumstances, is that which strikes the range of the great Backbon e Mountains by an elevation, so small as scarcely to be percepti­ble. The only real pass, or gap, is a part of the most direct l ine of the railroad . The whole coun­try, if the rivers be avoided, seems to be a plain.

BURNING YET.-lt is now more than five months since the occurren ce ef the great conflagration on Broad street, in this city, and the fire has continued burning ever !:lince. Columns of smoke continue issuini from several points in the burnt district.

There is no doubt that a large majority in Con­gress are in favor of the construction of t his road, and the only barrier to its i m mediate progress con­sists in the ext ravagant coaditions 08 which Mr. Whitney proposes to construct it. He requires from Government a grant of land sixty miles wide, through the whole extent of the road, beyond the Missouri, although it is evident that the construction of the road would so far enhance the value of the land, tllat a strip ten miles wida would be amply sufficient to pay the expense of the road. If Gov­ernment should decide to build the road, and on its completion !lell off a sufficient quantity of land to pay tlle cost, i t would be producti ve of immense ad­van tags to the publ ic.

-.�--T o GLAZIERs.-In removing old glass, spread

over the putty, with a small brush, a little muriatic acid and the putty will loon become soft.

Thoughts to!' the Working lUen. Exisdng abuses may he pointed out and and ac­

knowledged, but they ·.vill never be cured ':ly the aid 01· consent of t l lat � I \ lal l das£ of men who profit by thelll . We �ce and hear great prole�Hioub in llehalf of suffering human i ty, but we find no iwh vi­dual ready to make a personal sacrifice to improve its condit ion. In the first place, I must be sustained and fortified in the enjoyment of every sensual in­dulgence to which I am accustomed ; then I will talk with you abollt the wants of the dear people­about nellevolellce and chari ty. The Wl'OlIg eud of' society sets upon the upper spolles of the pol i tieal ladder. The men who have weal th can (al(e care of themselves in any situat ion . Bu( (0 the prepon­derance which attaches to wealth under any r, i rcllr l l ­stances, the rich, by the aid of combinat ion, mOllo­polize legi8lative and judicial power. Legislat ion i� exclusively for the use and beuefit of the rieh, al ld the jud icial administration or the law i s regulated hy the controll ing lllfiuence of money. To a poor l I I a n , the law is an ou trageous mockery . It i8 w O I'�e, i t is an oppressor's rod. I t is a two-edged sword which the rich only can w ield, and from which the poor may only hope to escape. Justice is offered to al\, and meeted out to him who .:an be�t pay for i t.

P roperty, life and character, are i l l the hands of tile law. The law is in the hands of the rich. The rich havc leisure to comb inc, and the m eum; to com­llIand leglll talent, the pulpit and the pr!Jas. While the great mass of society, who �upport (he whole by useful labor, whose industry produces all, whose virtue and courage defend al\, who hold the nation together, and without this aid the rich UlUst toi l or starve ; that great body of useful men and womsn and children are scattered over the face of' society, and fulfi l l ing their duty in the most essential form to the i r country alld their God , but neglecting and trusti l lg to others the very important duty of self­government.

O u r pol i tical rights are the !lame ; we are all equ'li under our declaration of independence. But here the equal i ty stops. The constitutions are de­fective. The laws are unjust, and their administra­tion wicked. The rich prosper by this injustice, and will strive to continue and strengthen existing abu­ses. We CtUl have no remedy, and justly hope f'or lIonc, until the lI lass of common people the hard working mechaniCll, and farmers, the men of useful toil, whether cOI'poreal or intel lectual-tile laboring mi l l ions combine, take the helm of s tate exclusively into their OWl! hands, and save themselves, and save thc nation from the political and social evils which are now hurrying us with fearful rapidity into the great vortex of buried Hations.-[ T rue Working­man .

--__ MN·.�#�#,���·· ____ _

The Hunter's Cup. F IG. 1 . F IG. 2.

A cu rious cup has been invented , consisting of a ser ies of tin-plate rings, each being half an inch wide, and from two to three i llches i n diameter, made slightI y con ical and n icely fitted to each oth­er_ T hese rings being arranged, one within anoth­er, as shown in fig. 1, may be carried in the pocket as conveniently as an ordinary snuff-box : but when required for use, the outside ring is l ifted up, till the l ower edge of each �ing binds the upper edge of the next below, and a conveQient conical cup is in3tant­ly produced, as shown in fig. 2. T h is is cal led the hunter's cup, and is said to have been sometimes used : but its convenience for pedestrians in general is such as to mer:t more extensive attention and use, than it has h itherto attained.

WEIGHT AND PRESSURE OF ST EAM IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE S.

Temperature, pro Farenheit.

Degrees. I 2 1 2

2 1 5

220

225

230 . . . . . . • .

235

240

245

250

255

260

265

270

275

280

285

290

295

300

305

3 10

3 1 5

320

3.25

Pressure, pro square inch.

lb. oz. 14 . . . . 10

1 5 9

1 7 1

1 8 10

20 7

I Weight, pro cub ic foot.

Grains . . 523

267

298

322

352

22 . . . . !) . . . . . . . . 3 84

24 4 . . . . . . . . 4 1 8

26 4 454

28 8 400

30 12 530

33 2 57 1

35 9 603

38 1 656

40 1 1 70 1

43 7 743

46 3 . . . . . . . . 795

49 0 844

5 1 4 893

54 1 2 942

57 9 992

63 8 104 1

64 0 1090

66 I 1 138

14 14 . . . . . . . . 1 1 86

The Magnetic Telegl'aph. When the telegraph between Buffalo and Lock­

port wa;; put in operation lor the first time, much cu­rio. i ty aud wOl lder \Vas e:.:c i ted, at both end� or the l iu l', alJ(l l I Iany peo ple assemblea to witne�s the dltx terous perfo rmance of the 8wift electro- messeu­ger. The com munications were on diverse subjects -politics, trade, friendship, &c. A Lockport miller was told the price of flollr in N ew York, and the price of t r ansportat ion then charged to Albany, and wa� a sked i f he w i�hed a bJat sen t h i m , to load.­T his ho ded illed , at (h·a l. pr ic.e. He was then told " E. P. wauls $ 1000." N o t u nder8tanding the ini­tials, he quicldy asked-" Who wants $ 1000 of me 1" " Your agent, to buy whea!." " Tell him I sent

him that sum, i l l a draft, this morning, by the packet boaL" Then came 'an inquiry from Lockport, touchi n g t l ie pl'ice of sheep's pelts, in this market. This was staled by oue present, but not a dealer, and his statement, wit.h his name transmitted. The prompt reply was, " I won' t tallC hi m-send for H." H. was sent for, who confirmed the fi rst llrice , and the querist, at Lockport, was then Ilatisfied . A gen­tleman made an inquiry, and the reply came back, " You must wait until we can send to the clerk's of­fice." Thig was unnou nced to the '1uerist by M r. Carter, who informed him that i t would probably take some ten m inutes. W ith d look of grave d is­apl'oill tmellt the llIan exclaimed, " What ! so long '1 then I 'lnltst call again !"-and he i lpmediately left the office.

This incident is peculiarly i l lustrative of human nature. This gentleman would have been content, a weel, before, to wait three days for an answer by the regular mail : but to wait ten minutes for a te· legraphic answer, was too tedious to be endured .

--.-"".,.,." �� ..,..,,,..,.,�-.\ V al uable WOI'k (01' Mecltallics.

" Elemen tary and H igher Geometry,. T rigono­llIetry, and Mensuration,"-i n fou r parts-by Na­than Scholfield ,-is the title ofa work just published by Messr� . Collins, Brother & Co., of this city, con­tain ing many valuable discoveries and improve­ments in mathematical science, especially in rela­tion to t he Quadrature o(the Circle, and some oth­er cu rves, as well as the aubature of' certain curvili­near solidI'! : designed as a text book for Coll�giate alld Academ ic instruction, and as a practical com­pend ium on mensuration . The first part consists of the E lements of Plane Geometry, and the mensu­ration of plane figures. The second part consists of the E lemen ts of Solid Geometry, and the men­suration 01 elementary solids. The third part treats of Spherical Geometry, Analytical Plane and Sphe­rical T rigonometry, wi th their applications ; the application of A lgebra to Geom etry ; and on the Ellipse, Hyperbola and Parabola. The fourth part treats of the species and quadrature of' the sections of a cone-the relations of cylindrical and conical segments and ungulas-a new class of curvilinear sol ids, termed revoloids, and of such other solids as are subjects of the Higher Geometry. Also, on some new (�urves, termed the revoloidal curve, and curve of the circle's quadrature ; by the investiga­tions of which, some i mportant properties of the circle are develop!Jd, furnishing us with geometrical methods of approx imating to the circle's quadrature to any desirable extent ; and by the same investiga­tions are developed llIeallS of' computing the area of any segment of a circle, when the arc of the seg­l I Iellt and i ts sine are given, with as l i ttle labor .as tha t of' a triallgle whose llase and perpendicular are known.

A new method of notation is alsu in troduced , by which the relations of m agnitudes, whose elements are a series of variable factors, may he intelligibly investigated ; by means of which notation, is ob­tained a definite expression for the circle's quadra­ture, in positive and known functions of the diame­ter. The first principles of the differential and in­tegral calculus are introd uced, and the principles on which most of the operations of that science are performed , are rendered m ore intelligible by means of the notation above referred to. The series closes with the mensuration of such surfaces and solids as depend on the higher ieometry.

The Elementary parts of' the series, are based on Legendre's Elements , with various improvements and additions. This portion of the work, consistini of the first and second parts, is designed to be fur­nished separately from the whole series whenever it is required, in order to render it available in the primary institutions, or where the elements of' the subject only are wanted.

--� .. ��-

T R I UMPH OF REASON OVER SCEPTICISM.-The astronomer Kirchner, having a friend who denied the existence of a Supreme Being, took the follow­ing method to eonvince him of his error :-Expect­ing hilll UpOIl a visit, he procured a very handsome globe of the starry heavens, which being placed in a �i lllation where it could not fail to attract his friend's observation , the latter seized the first occa­s ion to ask whence it came, and t6 whom it belonied­" I t does not belong to me," said Kirchner, " nor was i t made by any person, but it came here by mere chance ." ,. That," repl ied his sceptical friend, is ahsolutely impossible : you surely jest." Kirch" nc r , however, seriously persisting in his assertion, took occasion to reason with his friend upon his own atheistical pri nciples. " You will not," said he, " be­lieve that this small body originated in mere chance ; and yet you would contend that those heavenly boo die .. of which it is o i l ly a faint and diminutive re­semblance, came i n to existence without order and design !" His friend was at first confounded ; after­ward s, when Kirchner pursued his reasoning, con­vinced, and ulti mately joined in a cordial acknow­ledgment of the absurd ity of denying the existence of a God .

-�---A LOOS E R ELIGION.-By this term we designate

that religion, which iii put off and on at convenience, which suits any person , is popular with all men, and which is of no value, in the sight of God. Such was the religion of Napoleon, who was a Catholic in I taly, a Protestant in Germany, a Mohammedan in Egypt, and an Atheist in France. Such, too, was the rel igion of' Alexander, who devoutly wor­shipped the deities of every country, river, moun­tain, and sea, which he visited . Such, too, is the religion of many persons in the present day, who use it as a means .f acquiring popular favor, and obtain ing influence and preferment. They can co­incide with any form of religion around them, and they are loud in their invectives against bigotry, be­cause they, for their own part, have no religiouB opinion worth contending for, and they think tbat all others in thitl respect, should be like themselves· They are every thing and nothing. They are like alI classes of error ists with whom they meet, and in the end they are really l ike nothing either in heaven above, or on the earth beneath . Like the chame­leon, their color is so changeable, that you cannot describe it.-Lmh. Observer.

�,.,.,�,..,... �--

T H E VOIC E OF NATUR E.-The visible works of God speak to us with a commanding eloquence.­The sun, that fountain oflife and heart of the world -that bright leader of the armies of heaven, en­throned in glorious majesty ; the m oon shining with a lustre borrowed from his beams ; the etars glitter­ing by night in the clear firmamen t ; the air giving b reath to all things that live and move ; the inter­changes of l ight and darkness ; the course of the year, and the sweet vicisRi tudes ofeeason ; the rain and the dew descending ii-om above, and the fruit­fulness of the (larth caused by them ; the bow bent -by the hands of the Most High-:which compass. elh the heaven about with a glorious circle ; the aw­ful voice of thunder, and the piercing power of l ightn ing ; the instincts of animals, and the qualiM ties of vegetables pnd mineral s ; the great and wide sea, with its innumerable inhabitants :-all these in­struct us in the mysteries of faith and the dutiel of morality.

-� PRESENCE OF CHiLDREN.-Never utter an impro-

per expression in the presence of a chil d , who is ca­pable of conversation. Rememi:fer, that a profane or obscene word thus spoken, will make an imprel:il­sion on the mind of' the child, which it will not be in human power to erase ; and which will grow up with him, and prove in some degree a curse to him during life. Break glasses, burn papers, or destroy furniture, sooner than soil the tender mind of a chi ld .

· �ii�_ AN IMPORTANT FAcT.-Every glass of alcoholic

drink that a human being takes docs some violence to the delicacy of the complicated and beautiful .ya­tern of his nice ly adjusted structure-the nervoue system-and every repetition of the glass destroys the harmony of one of those thousand strings Of which hfs life is composed .

� GROWTH O f' NEW ORLEANs.-The formation of

land at New Orleans, by the wash of the river with­in the last forty years has been sufficient for the construction of four or five streets, between Levee street ( which was formerly the front street,) and the present levee or bank of the river. It must be very convenient to have land thus formed just fast enough to accommoda te the increase of population .

-�".,.,.,.�--

A PALPAB LE ERRoR.-There is a considerable movement in En�land, in favor of wooden railways, as a substitute for iron ; and one writer on the sub­ject avers that " an engine weighing ten tons, run­ning on w ood, will have m ore tractive power, than one weighing eighteen tons running on iron." But the fhct is well known to every farmer, and may be readily proved to the satisfaction of any person, by a simple experiment, that the i ron surface can be made to slide on wood with less friction than on iron. We would not object to the introduction of wooden rails, haviag no. doubt of their utility when the timber is properly prepared ; but we can not be­lieve all that is said in its faver by those who are interested.

GOOD FOI!TU N E AT LA sT.-Mr. Thomas Law­rence, of Albany, a poor man about 70 years of age has recently become heir to a fortune valued at se� veral millions. How shameful that he could not hav e shared som e of it earlier. It seems to be the determ ined maxim of many rich people, to studious­ly restrain their property from doing any good, while they retain power to control i t.

.��I-B R I LLIANT SEALING WAx.-We are in receipt of

a lew specimens of this article, of the most bright IUld beautiful colors, manufactured by Mr. Davids 1 12 John St. Mr D. also prepares an indellible mark-

EXPAI>/SION OF WATER BY FRE EZING . -The ex­traordinary power of expansion of water by freez­ing, is not generally known, but it may be illustra­ted by an incident which occurred at an iron foun­dry in Ohio, several years ago. An immensely large iron anvil, weighing between three and four ton�, and measuring nearly three feet ill ·diameter, had been left lying by the door of' the furnace, ex­posed to the atmosphere . The anvil was perfectly solid, with the exception of' a very small crack or crevice ill the centre of' one of the sides, about five inches long, and about four inches in depth, which t rom the rain, had become filled with water. The quantity of water which the crevice contained, could not have exceeded half' a gill. In the course of the night of the 20th of December, this water become frozen, aBd extraord inary a s it may appear, i ts ex­pansion completely severed in two parts . the im­mense maES of' solid iron ; and so great was its ex­pansive power, that when the separation took place, a large log of wood wh ich lay on the top of the an­vil , was thrown to the distance of several feet.

_"""".,.,.,.,_._ ing ink, which is easily applied and will remain as T H E MILLEI!I'I' E s . - Some of the Illany fabrica- long as the fabric on which it is applied endures, if

not longer. tions about the people called Millerites, are, to say ��_ nothing of their absurdity, so decidedly silly, that it lIl'" THE R. W. MECHANICS' MUTUAL is surprising to see them cop ied into· any resper-ta- PROTECT ION, No. 1 1 , meet every Wednesday ble paper. That some of this sect-if sect it may

' evening at their Hall, corner of Bleecker street and

be called,-are fanatical, is n o t to be denied : but Cottage Place, at half past seven o'clock, P. M.

that any bands or companies of them strip naked The R. W. M. N. Protection No. 5, meet every

dance, and roll on the floor, as has been reported: Tuesday wenin'l, at No. 7 Catherine street. It is reported that in the eity of Quebec, C; E.,

the snow was fifteen feet on the 5th inat. ; and the thermometer stood ten degrees below zero.

'11 b d' d b h h D.L. BENSON, R. S. WI not e cre Ite y any man w 0 as any ac- • 'No""'-quaintance with the Millerites, or a decent share of We bave several important articles on hand, common sense. which are !leferred till next week.

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.

G e n e r a l A g e n t s . Haliburton & Co., 12 State atreet, Bolton Colon "Adriance, 21 Arcade, Philadelphia.

L o c a l A g e n t s . C. A. Hinckley, 122 Baltimore st., Baltimore. Lees Gar,ide, Corner of Main and Markel IItI elt., Pa

teflloD, iii. J. J. W. Dam, Lowell, Mas! . W. H. Pratt, Springfield, Mas�. H. P. Barnes, Pittsfield, Mas�. T. Dickinson, Newark, N. Y. T. S. , Hawks. Buffalo. N. Y. G. W. Hildreth, Lockport, N. Y. William M. Beauchamp, Skaneatll'i, N.Y. Peter Cook, Hartford, Ct. W. &. E. Downes, New Haven, Ct. WilliamjWoodward, Middletown, Ct. S. Jones, Colchester, Ct. J. Hunter, Thompsonville, Ct. H· S. Snow, Meriden, Ct. Sa1I'Q1d &. Parke. Norwich, Ct. Col. A. P. Chesley, Huron, O. Chas. O'Neal, Darien, Ga. Major J,. Nathans, Quincy, Flo. Daniel Cobb, Providence, R. I. H. J. Pitman, Bristol. R. I. R. Kidney, j r., 123 Broad street, Newark, N. J. W. Solomon, New Brunswick, N. J. Thomas Boynton, Windsor Vt. Shipley W. Ricker, South Berwick , Me. W. H. Ward, Washington, D . C. J. Buffam, Nashua, N. H. David P. Perkins, M anchester, N. H. C. M; Smith. Manehester, N. H. J. M. Franci., Hoboken, N.J. C. D. Beane. Portland, Me. Benj. Perry. Salem, Mus. W. P. Seaver, Taunton, Mass. P. W. Tenny, Newburyport, Mass. 1-. A. Fay, Keene; N.H.

T r a v e I � JI g A g /I n t S •

Clark Silleck. J. A. Lattin. John Derham.

Engraving on Wood. 5�

THE subscriber having taken a commodious office at No. 89 Nassau · Street, in the

SUN BUILDINGS, and adjoining the office of the Scientific A merican. is prepared to execute

W®®@ �®lli.£WmW� of Machinery, Landscapes, ol' Portraits, on box-wood or mahogany; for show-billR. book embellishments, or card " in good style, and at short notice and moderate prices .

Dee. 12. COLUMBUS BU TLER .

THe P ictorial Times and the Illustrated News, by the Cambria, are for sale at the depot of HA­

LIBURTON & Co. The same house have the Double Jonathan Sheet,

which, like Christmas, comes only once a year. Dec. 10, IS45.

ADAMS & Co. 'S GREAT EASTERN, S O UTIl Jo: N lt. AND WES'l'ERN

DAILY PACKAGE EXPRESS. ADAMS &. CO. res ,·.ectfully give notIce that their

arrangements for their various Expresses have been per. feeted with �he greatest care, and anaole them to for­ward, with the utmost secu rity and rallidity. and at mo· derate rates, Merehandize of every description, viz , :­Boxes, Bundles, Packages. Specie, Balik NoteR, sample�, valu able papers, &c . &'c., to

Bo�ton, Hartfortl, Worcester, Spri ll�field, Norwich, Philadelphia, New London. Baltimore. New Haven, Washington, D.C. Frederick.burg, Va, Wilmington, N. C. Richmond, Charleston , Norfolk, �avallnah, Portlmouth, Augusta, Ga. Petersburg, Cumberland, Wbeeling, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Louisville,

St. Loui\" Our Agent. In theee MYeral Cities pay particular at­

tention to the COn.tioD and payment of Notes. Drlllh, Bills, .toe., and all other blllin •• appertaining to our Ex­pre18.

In connexion with MetmI. Wilmer &. Smith, of Liver­pool, we have established an European Express, �im­Har in itl design and operatioll to our American Expre�s, and alike beneficial to the Kenlhants and Importers of both oountries. CUltom ROMe business promptly at­tended to.

Express for the South and W-' Ieaves the OUice daily, at 1-4 to 3, and half past 4 ....

Express for the East at 1-4 to II p, M. Merchantl and others will bear in mind, we run the

only Express Can between Nf!w York and Baltimore. ' nov9 ADAMS &. CO., 17 ( late 7) Wall st.

.--.� - -- _.- . _----

T E E T H ! T E E T H !

$1.00 & $3.50 THE cheapest office in thill city for Dental opera­

tions is Dr. Brown's, 280 1-2 Broad way, be­tween Reade and Chamber,; st.

Natural anti mineral teeth insertetl from $ 1 to 3 50 Deeayed teeth filled with white cemt'nt,

ud warranted useful for mastication, Toothache cured effect uaUy without pain . Teeth extracted with le!lll than hilif the usual pain.

Dr. BROWN,

50

280 1-2 Broadway, 3 doot1 8tewart' &, CO.'5 new store.

'!l.,e Chllmbers, next to

References can be had from several hundred familici, al.o to the medical faculty of the city. nov 1 8

J . M . n O L A N , SCOURER AND CLOTHE S REN OVATO R . HA S the \,Ieasure to anllounce to his customers

and their friends, that he ha� a New Compo­sition for removinl{ stains, without injury to the cloth, ( having a thorougll k nowledge of material used in the manufacture of eloth.) anu restore its original color, without injury, on the mORt reasonable terms.

Gentlemen, t h is is worthy your atl�nlion . Please call and examine for your selves. at

561 Pearl st" onc tloor (rom Broadway. IIJ'" J. M. D. will call in any part of the city for their

accommodation. Altering and repairing with neatness throu�hout. sep l S

Patcnt Agcncy. DRA WIN GS and 8pecification� or IUClChiIlCS, with

other papers requisite for procllring Paten ts of New Inventions, will be fl1rni�hed at short notiee, at the office of the Seientific American. No charge will be m�e I' Of advice or instructions on the subject of secu · ring PateR18.

A L L E N S T R E E T n y e r a n d C o a t R e n o v a t o r .

COATS Renovated at 50 cents j Veets, 12 1 -2 j Ladies' Dreslles Dyed, from 50 cen ts to $100 ; Parasols and SlIn shades cleaned at 25 cents ; Carpetl cleaned whole at 6 cents per yard ; Hearth rugs cleaned or dyed ; V ('I vet of all dll8criptions cleaned or dyed ; Crapes or gauzes dyed i blankets eleaned ; 8entlemen·. clothes repaired.

N:.B.-Terllls, cash· T. SMITH, No. 70 Allen st. , near Grand, N. Y.

Galv.anic AppaliltuS.

DANIEL DAVIS, J"., 423 Washington litree t . Boston, maaufactures all the variety of philoso­

phill81 iappamus, eonneeted with Magnetism, Galvanism, EleetrQ-migneti\IIII, and !\lagneto Elec�ricity. He has

I eollllaJltly OD handl " .ariety of Electro-magnetic ma­Clhines, permanent magnet., GaNa.tl{c .8atteri .. , Itc. For �, cm lbe1llOl1 llberal tenD'. nov18

= Farnam'� Patent H vdrauIie,s.

D. L. l" A H. N AM,

(29 .' UL'1'ON �TRJo:B'l', N· y. )

MA NUFACT U R E S Ca�t Irontai ll� ill great va­r iety, at prices Crolll

, Five to Five 1'housand

Dollars ;-also Lift and E orce Pumps, cal�lIlllted to raise from ten to six thousand gallons per mmute, and fitted lor every variety of pll\'pose for which they can be required. Fire Engines, of superior powers ; Leather Hose, Wind Mills, Water Wheels, Horse Powers, Lead

J O H N W . D A V I S , G E N ER A L D E ALE R IN

D A I LY, W E E K L Y, MON THLY, AND ANN U A L PE RlUDlCAL8,

f lOV\} No. 5 JO ll fl �t . , Luwe l l , MaalJ. --�. - � - . ---- . ----------- - �� --

C U M M I N G T O N Q U I N E B A U G SCYTHE STON ES.

From the celebrated Robbl:n.�' Ledge. M

ANUFACTURE D by J. S. STA F FORD &­CO., Cummington, Mass.-The unprer.edent­

ed sale of the Cummington Quinebaug Seythe-stoneR, d u ring two years. has fully established their claim to superiority over all other stones now in use, and renders unnecessary any rccommendation from the proprietors'

U? A continuance of public patronage is respectfully trol ici ted . All orders addressed to J. S. Safford, or Jacob Morse, (sole proprietors,) or Stephen Morse, Agent, Cummington, Mass., will meet with prompt attention.

For sale at all the principal hardware storeR. nov9 J O H N B R O W N .

Carpenter and Pl'intel" s Joiner. Nos. 29 cf () 1 Ann-street, N. Y.

MANUFA CTUR E R of Cases, S tands, Furni­ture, &c. S tereo type Blocks, of various sizes.

Box-woof! and mahoga ny. for Engravers, always on hand.

Stereotype plates blocl(ed at short notice. Press, paper, and letter boards, of every description . Book-binders' cutting and pattern board�. Stereotype boxes, made to order. Printers', stereotypers, type-founders's, and book­

binders' jobbing work done at the shortest notice. N. B. Orders from various section� of the BOltntry

solicited, and promptly exeeuted. nov9

G U R NEY'S PREMIUM DAGUK= Gallery, 180 Broadway, New York,-­

taken at the establishment are not excelled in tMI .... -try-so say his numerous patrons. The p.ublie are ret­pectfully invited to call and judge for themselves.

nov9 Pipe, Air Pumps, Brass Work, &.c. &.c. . D. L. F. has pulished a work on the subject of Hy­

draulic apparatus, Fountains, &'c., which contains much useful and practical i n formation, and among others 18 •

cutg of Fountains, with their prices i -the book can be forwarded by mail to those req l\ irin� informa tion on the above subjecta. nuv9

------ .-- -----.--�---------

J U S T P U B L I S H E D , A new edition 01

TIlB THE BUSINESS MAN'S G UIDE ,

and L E G A L C O M P A N I O N :

CONT A.INING a selection of Forms for Mercan­

tile and !Doney transactions, so prepared flS to enable business men to effect theRe transactions without legal assistance, to which is added

n t c r e s t a n d M o n e y T a b l e s , anti

TABLES O}' WEiGHTS AND MEAS URES, computed by a member of the Massachusetts bar.

Price 25 cents. HA LIBURTON & ( '0., No. 12 State street, Boston.

All agents and ncwSlII{'n st1ppliecl at the uiual dis count, by _a�!��s��?�le!r�r��rs� �s_��v�: � � _ _ _ ��2�_

Marshall's Troy Shirt Depot. AT th itl Estahl ishmell t nlay be Been the largest as­

sortment of Shirts, Boso m s, Collars, &c., to be fonnd in the ci ty-all of our own manufacture, in Troy, which we olrer to dealers and citizens in general, 25 per cent. below city price�. The above goods have won too high praise to need any puffing from us. It is sufficient to say that we are now patron ized by all the principal deal­ers in the eity, and the above goods have been generally approved or throughout the country, for being well made and for cheapness.

Just received-Liuen bosom shirt s with linen collars and wristbantls-warranted-at 62 cents, 75 cents, 87 cents. $ 1 , $ 1 .25. $ 1 ,50, $ 1 ,75. $2. Also linen collars at 4 centN, 6 cents, 12 1-2 cents, 1 8 3-4 cents, and 25 cents.

MA RSHA LL'S, 90 Chatham st. , N.Y. N.B.-Northeru, Southern, WeRtern and Eastern Mer.

chants, who are making their purchases at the wholesale dry goods houses, wiII do well to inquirt for �oods of our manufacture, as it is sometimes the case, that other kinds are kept by them. .

H E N R Y R O W N T R E E , IMPORTEU O F', AND DEALER IN

j�Iechanics' Toolii. Hardware, and Cutl�7'Y' No. 60 Chatham-st., ( COl'. of Chambers. ) A T the Tool Store, No. 60 Chatham street, cOl'ner of

Chambers, at the sign of the �aw, 4 xe, and Plan�, will be found good Tools suitable for the fol lowing branches of trade,

Blacksmiths. Engravers, Hatters, Brushmakers, Farriers, L llIt-makers, Carpenters, F' urriers, il>l.asons, Cabinet Maker. Gardeners, .Machini�ts, Cooch Makers, Glaziers, Millwrights, Carvers, Glovers, Plumbers, Cooper,. (; I l I l' J l l i t l l � . Patt"rn-mlllwr., C hair-lJIak cr�. Saddlen. :-;h'!I'IIIRk ,'f', Silvcrsmiths, . TaDDers. Tinl l"r. , Upholsters, Wutehmak er". &. W III't' t w ri !: h ls .

Which being made espres,ly 1 0 I l l y order", wi l l h,' found goou, and the mechanic mal' place confidence in them.

H. R. assures his friends that he has no connection ""itb any other store, and that at his store, State Prison Tools are NOT SOLD or J[EPT. nov9

Lap,weltle(l Boiler Fines. PROSSER'S PA TENT. rl'HESE Fl ues alone, a r e now u s cd in their ma-

rine engine bo i lcrd, by the }<'rench anti En"li@h governments, and ul�() by companie8 and private i ndividuals for marine, locomotive, anti stationary boilel'\l where rapitl generation of steam, with economy of fuel, weight anti stowagp. is an object of consideration.

They can be obtained only, of the Patent!� at No. 6 Liberty street, New York. 'rHOS. PRO�R,

Nov 19tf. Patentee.

N E W A N D S T E R L I N G W 0 R K S B B C B N T L Y P U B L I S H E D B Y

H A R P E R " B R 0 'r H E R S , N E W · Y 0 R K.

I. DENEm GREEN'S TEDAN EXPEDITION. JIOIUIIr.l OC tb. Tuiu Ezpodition .... i ... t Mi •• ; Ill .... • qual bnplUonm.nt of tho Autbor, Ilia SuW.rinp, r.nd IInal

.... po Uoa the Cutl. of Perot., &0, With Ro�ctiona .,.. the pnMnC politlcr.1 and probeblo futu.., Rolat,ODI or T.-. Maxi .... and tb. United Stat... By Gon.nI Thomu J. a_.. With num.rOUl Engra.i..... I ,01. Svo, t' 00.

u. BJlNES'S NOTES ON BPHESIANS, &C.

N_i! ezpl ...... tory and pnctical, on tho Epi.t.l. of Paul Co the phNi ....... PhllipPJan •• and C.louialUl. By Albert ....... 1 vol. lImo. E ....... Tinr., 7� C<lDte, III.

, MORlELL'S AMERICAN SIlBPHERD. TIle AlIIorican Sheph.rd : being a Hiolory of Sboep, witb

their Breecio. M ...... omont, and Di ....... ; iUunrated witb Drr.wiItp of diB'o..,nt Br •• do. Shoe, Barna. Sheda. &0. : wi&lI an .A.ppondiz • • mbnoiq upward of ",.ncr LoUen r.- .miDe'" Wool Growe .. , &c., d.tailing th." .. T.nI JIodee of M......,.mont. &., By L, A. MorreU. Witb Dll' _lOU Plr.te.. 1 vol. 12mo.

IV, STEWART ON DISEASES OF CHILDREN.

.A. Pnoticr.1 Tn.ti •• on the Dioeuo. of Cbildnl1. By J_ Ste .. art. M .D. N .... impro'fOd Edition. 1 .01. S.o. tl 60.

v. I I V. J 0 S B P H W 0 H'S J 0 U I N i L.

lIfarrati .. of .. Million to Bokh ...... in tb. Yo .... 1843-45, ... By RoT. Jooopb Wolf, D.D . • LL.D. With num.roUi m_tiODI. (Now Roady.)

VI.

P L l T O A G A I N S T T il E A T H E I S T S : Witil Criticr.1 Noto. and Di ... rtatioJIII. By Tayl.r Lew-., LL.D. OC N ... ·York Univ ... ity. I To1. l!mo. ti OO.

.. ... �td" or timely contributioa to the ea .... 01 eewad clu· =.:= J:!d ..r::��':�::.�jt. �':=IO !s�� CIIIiH, ..... to ban been to fbntilb aa antidote to tb. proem,in _ oftbo pnoea. _-C_� .n4 lf"f"*''".

VII. ' I U E L S O P M A R C O P O L O,

..... nluabl . ..... 11 Manllocripto neontly pllbli.hed b.y .... I'nach Geocrr.rh,cr.1 Society : with eopiou. Noto. by R.p. Munay. I Tol. ISmo, 50 ""nte, nil fta.t_ prod .. lIoa bu toac ...... ..,.tid .. .. � .. .. C-�= 1;...�=l';'!I>0 •• • ., .... lb • • Hm>do

vm. II U II B 0 L D T'S C O S M O S.

o..a. : .. Ill".y of tho r.Denl Phyolcr.1 Hi.tory or th. U_. By A)ouDder Von Humboldt. (Publi.hing in lIf ....... ) ,, _ .... ...-. � lb. __ otoclollilc w_-C"""""

IX. II. ABERCROMBIE'S NEW ESSAYS.

M.Dan... EonY" By John Abercrombie, M.D .• AIdioa&' fA " 1"'Iairi .. into the IntoUoctur.1 Powe ... " & •. 1 ... 18mo. 50 oente. _ _ will be ... wi" pl .... ,. ODd proal bl aU """ ","I ... --bfIo "-

x. IUCIBNZIB'S LIFB or PAUL JONES.

• Ufe rl .... ,_ ., ...... IIiWl ......... ,-. _ . .. ..

XI. MIS8 BEECHER'S DOMBSTIC BCOIOII.

A T.., .. ti •• on Dome.ti. Eoonomy, for til. V .. '" ,..... Lodie. at Hom. and at Scbool. By CatMrIne .. ........ RoTiaod Edition. witb many Enpr.TiDp. 1..... 'F,_ A "lame of �iU yahae to the doara\ic � � . .... w..:.t�i:r.=!i'=o�� 01 """

XII. T H B D U T Y O F A M I I I C U W O I . I

T O TIlB I R C O UN TRY. I vol. 18mo. 37, ... , •• TIait�io"'.f'.li·i.aU�==���"'-, ,,

of ..,uJar ed"'- w. _ _ ... .:.c:.1 .. 1:.,. .. pee .. ootiee of oor ... aden.-Cnt� � ........

XIII. A P I L G R I M A G E t o T I B ' I I,

Throllgb tb. Vr.lley of til. M ...... .... tlJe r- fA AI-donn... By C. Ed .. ard Anth ..... Eeq. 1 .... 71 _ A •• .., ploooin, .... IlIOn _ onI� _l1li _ of _ .... If-rtllM. The 't'Olume .. replete witlt utiquariaD ioN '**'-I .. .. .. ., �=:�!�Ol��:r;= �3 :.:r:!'",�;:.� -OIWtIV A_rdu,., XIV.

ENCYCLOP..EDIA OF DOMESTIC ECONOIT. A compl.te Repertory of .. U Matte .. COIIJIOCted wid! tlJe

Eeenomy of lIoulOk.epmg. By T. W.blte.. .... BdiWd. nl!�t��:oni3 "00:' by an American Phyaioial1. CopiRIly

Tbioio decidedly . boot for lb. ",iIIi.,,, It_ aU _,,-kIaoI :*"'::���aad.i.':t=..�N=;r.,.��a::." .., XV.

BISHOP THIRLWALL'S HISTORY or GIUCH Complete in II Tolum ••• 8TO. 13 lID.

Tbit. u . ",aenl bitUMy of G..., •• _$: . .,...,. .. .... _ iD &he Eet.Ii.h la"cua&eo-BIbl&e.l • Tbir:,*': •• ��:. ,:}i,.U:��j�-:;:"""" .. ,. ... MIl

XVI. A N T H O N'S L A T I N V B IlSIPI CATIOJ. A Sylt.m or L .. tin V ... ification . .. .. Seri .. fA ...........

i.o ExOt'Ci •••• incllldior Specimona fA TnuIr.1iGa tfta Enrli.h .. nd G.rman Poetry into Latia v._. By CIIuIeI Anthon, LL,D, 1 yol. 12mo. 110 ee .. tI.

XVII. rROF. WHBWELL'S MORALITY AND POLIH.

m.m ... te of Monlity, ineilldinf Policy. By WilIIul Who ... n. D.D, 2 Tol •. lImo. t 00. A ..... wbic� oacht to 1>0 ....... beca_ iC _ " _ _ __ _top. Tbe "", .... ire. lUC� boolo.-'--' _ .

XVIII. P U l S E A N D P U I C I P L B ;

•• , For wbat .holl I LiT. ' By the Alltllor 0( .. c...-and Solf�Con'lll"t." 1 Tol. 18.... 37, .... .. Tho ....,. II roaUr adDlirobt.--eqaal to ....... .. ........ .. =:t' _bUnc lt ", ,,, .. nI .... u4 .... -..-..

XIX. D R. BB n'S S E I I O U.

s.l'IIIIIOII. B.J'R..,h Blr.ir. D.D .• F ••. S., & •• TowIIWI Ia phlbed daa LIf.1IIId m.-r fA tlJe A....... By � � ».0 0aaIpIe'" iJ . .... 'fe. , . ...

GALVANIC RINGS

i I

-.--.-_ ( '''!!I ., Locke'� Port.able Shower Bath .

AND I r;;;�� I ... MAGNETIC FLUID. I . . . .

DR. CHRISTIE. the original inventor and patentee I THE subscfl,ber has lhe satlsf�cl1on to afil'�oun('e

of these celebrated articles informs the public that the , t o the pubhc, that he has perfected, and ) s pre­ONLY place in New York t� obtaim them GEN�INE is Ilt I pared to �ur�ish �t short notice, � portable show er-bath, IH ,Flliton street. Slln building. In all ca8eR of RHEU- I

I far supenor 111 Ulil�ty an�l convelli�nce of manage�e nt,to MA�ISM and Nervous Complaints, no matter how chro- . �nythIDg of the kID� hitherto ?flered . It con stItutes a nic or severe in their character, th

o

e GALVANIC RINGS '\ hght and genteel artIcle of furrutu�e for a bed-chamber, and. MAGNETIC FLurD are a poBitive and permanmt cure, and so perfectly constructed� that eltl�er a lady or g,entle­and every day brings fresh evidence of their wonderful man �an at any moment �nJoy a CO�IOIlS shower W ithout efficacy in cases where every thing else has entirely i 'he aid of servantR, and wlthodt havlUg a drop of the wa­failed. I ter sprinkled on the carpet or fioor. A nd by a slight

UJ- Bear in mind that all articles of the kind not ob- , change i ll a part of the apparatus, the same may be con­tained at 134 Fulto� street Sun Buildina, are base and \ verted to a steam-bath, e ither plain or aromatic. These worthless counterfeits. ' " baths are manufactured and may be examined at No. 3 1

For sale i n IIIny quantity, and a t prices within reach of , An n .t. JOHN LOCKE. all . . Pamphlets can be obtained gratis. nov!!. Dec 4.�_ �� __ � � � _.�

GENERAL PERIODICAL DE POT. H A L I B U R T O N & C O .

No. 1 2 S tate street, Boston.

ARE cqJ'Iatantly supplied with all the most fash­ionable and attractive Magazines and ather pe­

riodicals, together with a variety of cheap lIterary works, pictorial papers, and elegant prints. nov 13 H o r n ' , P a t e n t S o l i d B o t t o m

Glass Fountain Lamps. Fur Chemical Oil or Camphene.

Manufact ured by J. O. FAY, 1 36 Ful ton , st.

- ---------------

VALUABLE AND IMPORTANT P U B L I C A T I O N S .

'll'mlJl )J1I���®IDI £ill, W mIl]IlN[@ill.�£� .\N D

A M E RICAN RELIGI OUS GIFT BOOK.

Beautifhlly printed, and embellished by a superbly executed Frontispiece, in oil colors j bound in

morocco, extra �ilt. Some of the contributors :

Rev. J. W. Alexander, D.D., Miss H. F. Gould, Rev. Erskine Mason, D.D.. Rev. J. W. Browne, Rev. W.R. Williams, D.D., Rev. Eugenie Kincaid, Rev. Gardiner Spring, D.D., Rev. Robt. Baird, D.D. Rev. J. Dowling, . William W. Laird, Rev. W. B. Sprague, D.D. J. G. Whittie;, Mrs. Sigourney, James Russell Lowell, Mrs. E. Steele, .Rev. J. O. Choules.

Also an edition without the oil colored frontispiece, bound in handsome muslin and gilt.

E. W ALKER, Publi�her, 1 14 Fulton st.

COlllpanion to John Bunyan. The fourth edition of Dr. Cheever's Lectures on Pil­

grim's Progress, and the l ife and times of John BUllyan, iIlustrllted with beautiful steel engravin.;s.

Two editions of this popular work have already been published in England. It is a beautiful volume, and a mo�t desirable companion to Pilgrim's Progress.

Knowledge is Power. Jllst published, the tenih edition of the c. People's

Guide to Knowledge :"-this valuable and intellectual vo-Sun Buildings j wholesale and retail, lume comprises within itself a

THESE LA MPS have become universally cele- Complete Librarv o f Useful and E n tertaining bra ted and admired hy all who use them. for

I . K i d their neat appearan ce and splendor of light ; they are, . , . now e ge, . in: fact the most perfect lamp ever invented for camphene and �II embelllsh� With upward.s of 300 appropr�ate e�­o� chemical oil. Try all others, but don't fail to try the I �ravmgs-e�bracmg an extensive range of subject. In best, the cheapest. and, above all, the lamps that will give hterature. sCience and art. the greatest l i!!ht with the feast expense ; they are the ;

,-", ��� .' _ -�-, -- . . � IJIIJ�t " i lll p lc Itn,l l'n.y to man!l!:e and t rim ; cannot cor- I W�mrl])�lli� @J.f fllIllIl)! 'W'@ill.l1J@ .. ml" or b"come h"atc,1 w h i l e hurning ; easi ly cleaned in- Just published, the fourteenth edition of this truly po-' i , I , ' 1lI I < l ollt, nli l l 1I0t a/lf'ctetl hy a l iraft. They are per- pular work,-Icctly suf,· to lI �e at ni l times, as an oil lamp. Less than The Wonders of tAe W otld : in Nature, Art half a c e n t Iler hoUl' w i l l g i v e y o u a splendid light ! and Mind ' " TRY ONE. " h d � ..

. I . �- f ' '

N. B. Stan,l or Parlor Lamps ; also for stores, hotel�, . a an s?me �ctavo vo ume 0, upw�ds of 500 pages, �c-and churches, &c. ; splendid chandeliers made to order ! �o

l�p�nle� Wlt� n�arly 300 . Illustr�t\Ofts ;-t�e e�te�an:e

-at reduced prices-cheaper than nny other camphene a 0 tlus. wOl k 18 a sU�Clent eVIdence of Its mtflnslC lI,mp, and of superior quality. • nov l3 value. It IS a b�ok admlfably ad.apted as a pre9�nt �or _ . _ __ _ younl!' people, as It embraces architecture, mechamca, 111.

J 0 H N S O N ' 8 ventions, ruins, manners and customs of different na·

D I N I N G S A L O O N , No. 144 FULTON STREET.

(Near Broadway) : New York.

BILl .. O}l' }I'"UtE. Roa�t Turkey,

.. Goose, .. Chicken " Dutk, •

.. Beef, " Pork, •• Veal, " Lamb, " Pig,

Boiled Chicken, .. !\lutton, " Corned Bp.p.f, " Pork, " Fi�h,

Ilia ' Boiled Ham, lad Pork and Beam., 1 8d Veal Pie, 1 8d eef Steak Pill.

6d Chicken Pie, 6d Mush and Milk, 6d Rice and Milk, 6d Lamb Pot Pie,

1 2d Fried Fish, 1 211 Fried Clams,

6d Ham and Eggs, 6d Chicken Soup, 6d Beef Soup, ad Coffee,

D e s s e r t . Suet Pudding 6d Mince Pie.

tid 6d

6d 6d

1 211 6d 6d 6d 6d

6d 1 211

6d

6d 6d

6d 6d

tions, religious rites and ceremonies, cataracts, voil:a­noes, curiosities, monuments, tree., bird., beasts, Iilhes, reptiles, &.c. &.c., earefully compiled from the hest and la­test resources.

ROlllauisDl lS. the Bible. n O WLING'S HISTOR Y OF R OMANISM.

Just published, the levent! edition of " Dowling's His­tory of Romanism," wilh fifty beautiful engravings i-this is a lar�e octavo volume, of nearly 700 pages, in hand· some emblematic binding .

The publiiher returns his thanks to the Protestant pub­lic, for the extensive patronage they have bestowed on this timely production . It is but little more than three month� since its first publication, during which short space of time, six editions nave been entirely exhausted.

It is evident that this faithful account of the traditions, vain ceremonies and eU8toms, and the cruel practices of the church of Rome,-not against unbelievers, but in­flicted on the very members of Chriit's true c:hurch,-is destined to reach the fireside of every Proteatant and candid and inquiring Romanist throughout our land.

E . WALKER, Publisher, 1 14 Fu lton st. [ndian Pudding, 6d Apple Pie, Ilice Pudding, 6d Peach Pie, Plum Pudding, 6d Plum Pie,

6d Wlli�£ 'ftIIII ®l.i' W�IhlID iJI�®.WlJlill.� .. Bread Pudding, 6d Pumpkin Pie. �� B y J o h n M i l t o n S t e a n e s .

6d This is a hantl�olllll tl uodecimo volume, containiug pie-Apple DumplingR, 6d Custard Pie, ,B r e a k f a S t a n d T e a .

Beef Steak, 6d Hot Corn Bread, Veal Pie, 6d Indian Cakf's,

ces in prose and verse ; religious, moral, and entertain­ing. In handsome morocco binding ; and is a beautiful

6d Christmas and New Year's present for young people.

Mutton Chops, 6d Boiled Egg�, Ham and 'Etgs, 1 211 Fried Eggs, Fried Tripe, 6d Toast. Fried Sausage�, 6d Hot Mllffin�, Fried Fish, 6d Hot Roll�, Fried Clam�, 6d Tea, Fried Liver, 6d Cotiee,

LEE & COo'S WIRE WINDOW SHADES,

do. FIRE SC REEN S,

do. GRATE do.

6d

6d

6d 6d 6d 6d 3d 3d

do. HALL AND OTA E R DOORS, &c. MANUFACTURED to ortier, in great perfection. of

any size or shape, and elegantly painted with any LaRd­! scope, Lettering. or other devices or colors required. These Shades, for which we received the highest pre­

mium at the two late Fairs of the American Institute. are unlike all others, in the fol lowing particulars :-

They admit all the air and Light into the room. They admit a full view te the street from the rOOID. They obstruct the view from the street into the room. Taey keep out all Mosquitos, Flies, and other insects. They arl' very durable, being heavily coated with oil

paint. They are extremely ornamental. By sending you r address, (if in the city,) you will be

called upon and every explanation given. Officei, No. 577 Broadway. opposite Niblo's, and No.

I S Factory street. between Waverly Place and Amos ' street. N. Y.

•• ' Manufactured in Sheets for lhe Southern and Wes­tern markets.

A. G. Bug ley 's Celebrated Improved

EVER POINTED GOLD PEN. THIS Pen received the highest premium at the last

Fair of the American [nstitute, and has been pronounced by the first teachers of Penmanshid ill the country to be infinitely superior to any Gold Pen ever before introdu­ced to the American publ ic. The lasting properties of this Pen are undoubted, owing to the total absence of corrosibility from any of the inks in use, and the pecu­liar shade of the nibs, (which was irst introduced by Bagley, (makes it more pleasant to use, renders it less liable to damage, more aasy to repair, and prevents the necesaity of the great care that other afticles of the kind require •

MAIf17f'4CTOI'Y, 189 JirQadway, N. Y. DOvi.

Important National Work. In the press, a new and enlarged edition of

P r e s i d e n t s ' M e s s a g e s , in two handsome volumes, Svo. ;-the whole collecteJ from official do<'uments, by E. WILLIAMS, Esq.

CON TE NTS : 1. The Addresses and Messages of the Presidents of

the United States, from Washington to Polk ; with a co­pious analytical Index to the same, of subjects, namel and dates.

2. An account of the Inauguration of each PreSident, and a brief notice of the principal political events of his administration.

3. A Biographical sketch of each President. 4 . Declaration of Independence. 5. Articles of Confederation with a brief history of

the events and circumstances which led to the u:lion of the States, and the formation of the Constitution .

6. Constitution of the United States, with notes and references.

7. A synopsis of the ConRtitutions of the several statee , 8. Chronological Tables of Historical events in the

Uuited States . 9. Tables of Members of ihe Cabinets of the various

administrationsi Ministers to Foreign Countries, and oth­er principal public officers.

10. Statistical tabl es of Commerce and population j II. With Portrait� of the Presidents, and the Seals of

the 26 States. This important work is indispensable to the Ameri.an

Statesman, and every lover of his country, forming, as it does. an unbroken link of the history of this great Re public.

Wan ted, in every town and village in the United States. responsible men to procure subscribers, and engage in the sale of thc above works, to whom a very liberal per ceu­tage will be allowed .-address E.WALKER, 114 Fulton st .

•• "" Country newspapers, copying the whole of this ad­vertisement, and giving it six inside insertions, shall be entitled to a copy of any one of the above works,-all who may eomply with the above terms, will please send a copy of the pllper, each time of insertion, to the pub-lisher, E. WALKER, 1 14 Fulton st., New York . ���_. 3_tf. __ .==---=:----::-::-=--=-:=-:=:-:=-: __ _

J O H N H . M I L L E R , B o o k , J o b , a n d M u s i c P r i n t e r .

No. 41 Wall StreBt, in the rear, New York. nevIS

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.