Serial No. 9 TEST BOOKLET · Insights IAS | InsightsonIndia 1 – 2018 SERIES – 9 : Questions (Days 33-36) 1. Which of the following statement is/are NOT correct ? 1. Karachi session

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TEST BOOKLET

GENERAL STUDIES

Paper---1

INSIGHTS REVISION TESTS FOR PRELIMS 2018

Serial No. 9 Days. 33-36

Insights IAS | InsightsonIndia

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SERIES – 9 : Questions (Days 33-36)

1. Which of the following statement is/are NOT correct ?

1. Karachi session is memorable for its resolution on Fundamental Rights and National Economic

Programme.

2. The Communal Award 1932, provided for a separate electorate only for the depressed classes.

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

2. Which of the following was/were factor/s responsible for the rise of Socialism in India ?

1. Russian Revolution of 1917

2. Disappointment with the Non-cooperation Movement

3. Economic Depression of 1929.


a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Only 1 and 3

d) 1, 2 and 3

3. Which of the following statements is NOT correct with respect to Government of India Act 1935 ?

a) It proposed for the establishment of an All India Federation

b) Representatives of the states to the federal legislature were to be directly elected by the people.

c) It provided for the system of Provincial Autonomy

d) Governors appointed by the British Government retained special powers

4. Which of the following was NOT undertaken under the Congress Rule in 1937?

a) All emergency powers acquired by the provincial governments were repealed

b) Bans on illegal political organizations like Hindustan Seva Dal were removed

c) The ban on communist party was not removed

d) It attempted a complete overhaul of the agrarian structure

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5. The peasant movements in the 1930s and 1940 s were influenced by ?

1. Great Depression of 1929

2. Civil Disobedience Movement

3. Formation of Congress Socialist Party


a) Only 1

b) Only 1 and 2

c) Only 1 and 3

d) 1, 2 and 3

6. Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to the freedom struggle in Princely India?

a) Until Quit India movement the Congress did not initiate any political activity in the states.

b) All India states people’s conference was organized in December 1927.

c) Praja Mandals were formed due to the influence of Civil Disobedience Movement.

d) At Tripuri Congress in 1939 Congress decided to involve directly in the political activity of princely

states

7. Which of the following statements is/are correct about the capitalist class in India during the freedom

struggle ?

1. Indian capitalist class grew from about the mid-19th century with largely an independent capital

base and not as junior partners of foreign capital.

2. On the whole it was not tied up in a subservient position with pro-imperialist feudal interests

either economically or politically.


a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

8. Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to Cripps Mission in India ?

a) It was sent to seek active co-operations of Indians in World War II

b) It promised India complete Independence and a constitution making body

c) Any province which was not prepared to accept the new constitution would have the right to sign

a separate agreement with Britain regarding future status

d) For the present, British would continue to exercise sole control over defence of the country




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9. Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to Cabinet Mission of 1946 ?

1. It was convinced that united India was unviable and hence accommodate the idea of Pakistan

2. It proposed a center controlling defence, foreign affairs and Pakistan.


a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

10. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched ?

Author Sanskrit work under Rashtrakuta

a) Trivikrama Nalachampu

b) Halayudha Kavirahasya

c) Gunabhadra Amogavritti

d) Viracharya Ganitasaram

11. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

1. Angkorwat temple is a Shaivite temple.

2. It is constructed in Dravidian style.


a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

12. Under the rule of Delhi Sultanate technology, who was the first ruler to establish a separate military

department called diwan-i-arz ?

a) Alauddin Khilji

b) Ghiyasuddin Balban

c) Iltutumish

d) Muhammad bin Tughlak

13. Which of the following is/are the contribution/s of Muhammad bin Tughlak ?

1. Introduction of Takkavi

2. Establishment of a separate department for agriculture.


a) Only 1 b) Only 2 c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2




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14. Which of the following is NOT correct about Firoz Shah Tughlak ?

a) He imposed Jiziya only on the non-Muslims

b) He developed royal factories called karkhanas

c) He abolished the iqtadari

d) He created a new department called Diwan-i-khairat

15. What does khalisa land under the Delhi Sultanate refer to ?

a) Land assigned to officials

b) Land and revenue under the direct control of Sultans to service the royal court

c) Land granted to religious leaders

d) Land assigned to the nobility

16. Who authored the book Tabaqat – i- Nasari which deals with the general history of Muslim dynasties

upto 1260 ?

a) Ziauddin Barani

b) Alberuni

c) Hasan Nizami

d) Minhaj-us-Siraj

17. Consider the following statements

1. Theosophical Society was founded in Ireland in 1875.

2. It accepted the Hindu beliefs of reincarnation and karma.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

18. Which of the following is/ are correct about vesara architecture ?

1. It was initiated by Pulakesin I.

2. The earliest example of it is the Ravan Phadi cave.

3. Its hallmark is hybridization.


a) Only 1 and 3

b) Only 3

c) 1, 2 and 3

d) Only 2 and 3.




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19. Which of the following is true about Padmavat ?

1. It is a Masnavi.

2. It was originally written in the Persian Nastaliq


a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

20. Which of the following is NOT correct about Hill temple architecture in Kashmir ?

a) It has a strong Gandhara influence.

b) They have influences of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain traditions.

c) Use of wood can be seen in these temples.

d) The Karkota Empire was the most significant in terms of architecture.

21. Along with which other territory (ies) was Goa constituted as a union territory by the 12th Constitution

Amendment Act, 1962 ?

a) Dadar and Nagar Haveli

b) Daman and Diu

c) Puducherry

d) Chandigarh

22. Swayam Prabha’, a Government of India initiative, is a project for

a) Online training of Yoga and Meditation practitioners

b) Promoting entrepreneurship by way of the Government setting up state of the art skilling centres

in collaboration with the private industry

c) Identifying new digital technology innovations to solve the many social problems faced by the poor

and vulnerable in urban setups

d) Providing high quality educational content through DTH channels to teachers, students and

citizens across the country

23. In what ways can extracting the genetic information of different Indian groups (genome sequencing)

be beneficial ?

1. The information can be utilised to help decrease the country’s disease burden

2. The application of this information will contribute to India becoming a knowledge based-

economy




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Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 only

b) 2 only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

24. Which among the following is NOT an official language of the United Nations ?

a) Arabic

b) Spanish

c) German

d) Russian

25. In contrast with the Medical Council of India, the proposed National Medical Council will

1. Centralise all powers from advising universities on curriculum to disciplining errant doctors

2. Include among its members non-doctors like patient-rights advocates and ethicists


a) 1 only

b) 2 only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

26. The farthest point from center of Earth is

a) Mount Kenya.

b) Mount Everest.

c) Mount Chimborazo.

d) Mauna Kea


1. The sun rays never fall vertically over the state of Manipur.

2. Eris earlier called Ceres 2003 UB313 is a dwarf planet located between Neptune and Uranus.

Which of the following statement/s is/are correct ?

a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None of the above




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1. When crossing the International Date Line (IDL) into the Eastern Hemisphere, a person loses a

day.

2. The duration of continuous day or night decreases north ward as one moves from Artic Circle to

North Pole.


a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2


29. An important cause of the slowing down of the Earth’s rotation is the

a) Pull of the moon on the Earth’s Magnetic field

b) Tides caused by the gravity of the moon

c) Gravitational pull of sun


30. Identify the countries which border more than one ocean.

1. East Timor

2. Colombia

3. Thailand

Which of the following is/are correct ?

a) 1 and 2 Only

b) 1 and 3 only

c) 2 and 3 Only

d) All of the above


1. Fold mountains are usually composed of sedimentary rocks

2. Block mountains are formed by the process of denudation


a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2





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32. Lakshadweep Island are the product of

a) Volcanic Activity

b) Wave action

c) Sea-floor expansion

d) Reef formation

33. Which of the following statements is NOT correct

a) Oceanic crust are much younger compared to Continental crust.

b) The oceanic crust is made of basalt and gabbro rocks

c) The Earth’s mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks

d) The largest portion of Earth’s volume is occupied by core.

34. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of landforms developed under fluvial cycle of erosion

in terms of where they are formed in the river course ?

a) Gorge-Piedmont plain-Flood plain-Delta

b) Gorge-Flood plain-Piedmont plain-Delta

c) Piedmont Plain-Gorge-Flood Plain-Delta

d) Gorge-Piedmont Plain-Delta-Flood Plain

35. The factors that affect wind direction and speed are.

a) Pressure gradient force, coriolis force, moisture content.

b) Coriolis force, pressure gradient force, friction.

c) Friction, moisture content, pressure gradient force.

d) Moisture content, centripetal acceleration, coriolis force.

36. Consider the following statements regarding ocean currents.

1. At higher latitudes, usually cold currents move along the western coasts of the continents.

2. Alaska current is a warm current moving along coast of USA and Canada.


a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2


37. Which of the following is NOT a feature of tropical rainforest.

a) More than 200cm of annual rainfall.

b) Nutrient-rich and pH-neutral soil

c) Low annual range of temperature.

d) Dense canopy with little light reaching the forest floor.




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38. Between which one of the following pairs of Ports does Panama Canal shorten the distance to the

maximum.

a) Liverpool and shanghai

b) New York and wellington

c) Liverpool and Sydney

d) New York and San Francisco.

39. Consider the following statements regarding HOT deserts.

1. High annual range of temperature.

2. Nomadism

3. Located on eastern margins of continent.

Which of the following are CORRECT ?

a) 2 Only

b) 1 & 2 Only

c) 2 & 3 Only

d) 1 & 3 only

40. Which of the following are correctly matched.

Forest Tree

1. Tundra Vegetation — Lichens

2. Tropical Deciduous Forest — Mahogany

3. Coniferous Forests — Pine

a) 3 Only

b) 1 Only

c) 1 & 3 Only

d) 1 & 2 Only

41. Which of the following rivers originate along the slopes of Eastern Ghats

1. Vamshadhara

2. Subranarekha

3. Indravati

4. Vaigai

Which of the following is CORRECT ?

a) 1 and 4

b) 1 and 3

c) 1, 2 and 3

d) 2, 3 and 4




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42. Which of the following rivers form natural boundary between various states in India.

1. Ravi

2. Chambal

3. Yamuna

4. Seonath

a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 2 & 4

c) 2, 3 Only d) 2, 3 &4

43. Which of the following Ramsar Sites are located in Western Himalayas.

1. Nalasarovar

2. Kanjli

3. Rudrasagar Lake

a) 2 & 3 only

b) 3 Only

c) 1 & 3 Only


44. Identify the brackish/salt water lakes India.

1. Pangong Tso

2. Sambhar Lake

3. Loktak Lake

a) 1 & 3

b) 2 Only

c) 1 & 2

d) 2 & 3

45. Doyang and Dikhu are the prominent river systems of which of the following state.

a) Arunachal Pradesh

b) Mizoram

c) Meghalaya

d) Nagaland

46. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a regulation that intends to strengthen and

harmonise data protection law frameworks across the

a) European Union

b) G20 group of nations

c) OECD countries

d) NATO countries




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47. Consider the following statements with reference to inflation trends in the Indian economy over the

past few years:

1. The average Consumer Price Index has steadily declined since 2014-15

2. The average Wholesale Price Index declined in 2015-16 but has been rising since

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

a) 1 only

b) 2 only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2

48. The Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) is run by

a) Ministry of Labour and Employment

b) Ministry of Human Resource Development

c) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

d) Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

49. Consider the following statements:

1. It is a low cost, solar energy driven cleanup technique.

2. It is most useful at sites with shallow, low levels of contamination.

3. It is Useful for treating a wide variety of environmental contaminants.

4. It is effective with, or in some cases, in place of mechanical cleanup methods

The above statements refer to:

a) Phytoremediation

b) Bioventing

c) Bioleaching

d) Bioremediation


1. The Parliament can amend a repealed legislation retrospectively

2. The finance bill, the passing of which by the Parliament is a part of enactment of the budget, is a

money bill


a) 1 only

b) 2 only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2




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51. The most suitable method for prevention of gully erosion is:

a) Mulching

b) Rock dam structure

c) Ploughing

d) Perimeter runoff control

52. The relative proportion of sand, silt and clay in a soil refers to its

a) Profile

b) Horizon

c) Structure

d) Texture

53. Which of the following are correctly matched ?

Minerals Region

1. Coal — Appalachian

2. Tin — Andes region

3. Iron-ore — Urals

Which of the following is/are correct

a) 1 Only

b) 1 and 3 only

c) and 3 only

d) 1, 2 and 3


1. Ocean Thermal Energy is due to pressure difference at different levels in the ocean.

2. Ladakh a cold desert in Jammu Kashmir has huge solar energy potential.


a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) All of the above

55. Which one of the following statements is NOT CORRECT ?

a) In intensive subsistence agriculture, animal farming is more developed.

b) Shifting cultivation is characterized by field rotation rather than by crop rotation

c) Plantation agriculture is both capital and labor intensive

d) Nomadic herding is a form of pastoralism which arises in response to climatic constraints and

terrain




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56. Which of the following are correctly matched ?

1. Nomadic Herding – Tundra Region.

2. Mixed Farming – Eastern USA

3. Commercial Grain Farming – South East Asia.

Which of the following is/are correct.

a) 2 Only

b) 2 and 3 only

c) 1 and 2 only

d) All the above

57. Consider the following crops cultivated in India.

1. Cardamom

2. Tea

3. Coffee

Which of the above in general are grown under shade of trees or partial sunlight ?

a) 3 Only

b) 1 and 3 Only

c) 2 and 3 Only

d) All the above


1. Intensive subsistence agriculture is important characteristic of fertile plains of South and South-

East Asia with higher density of population.

2. In general per hectare output in commercial agriculture is much higher compared to Intensive

agriculture.


a) 1 Only b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2 d) None of the above

59. According to most scientists, which of the following is NOT true about the clearing of Tropical

rainforests.

a) It enlarges holes in the ozone layer

b) It causes global warming

c) It negatively impacts the quality of soil.

d) It is partly caused by shifting cultivation.




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60. Consider the following Tropical crops, which are in great demand in Anglo-America and Europe, are

produced in great variety and volume in Latin America and Africa because of

1. Availability of a cultivable land and suitability of soil conditions.

2. Combination of climatic and topographical conditions

3. Lack of mineral resources for trading purpose.

Which of the following is /are correct ?

a) 1 Only

b) 2 and 3 Only

c) 1 and 2

d) All the above

61. A triangular population pyramid with a wide base narrowing as the age cohort progress indicates:

a) Decline

b) Rapid Growth

c) Slow Growth

d) Stability

62. A country with a natural increase rate at or about zero is likely to have a

a) Low fertility rate, low standard of living and few people employed in agriculture.

b) Low fertility rate, low standard of living and many people employed in agriculture

c) Low fertility rate, high standard of living and few people employed in agriculture.

d) Low fertility rate, high standard of living and many people employed in agriculture.

63. Which of the following industries will most likely locate closest to its market.

a) Automobile assembly

b) Ethanol production

c) Telemarketing

d) Textile manufacturing.

64. A country’s literacy rate has a positive correlation with all of the following EXCEPT

a) Energy Consumption

b) Per capita Income

c) Percentage of female employment

d) Birth rate.




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65. Consider the following

1. Aravallis

2. Vindhayas

3. Thar Desert

4. Satpuras

Which of the following extend over the state of Gujarat ?

a) 1 and 4 Only

b) 1, 2 and 4 only

c) 2, 3 and 4 only

d) All of the above

66. Khardung La known for one of world’s highest road pass is located in which range.

a) Zanskar range

b) Ladakh range

c) Pirpanjal range

d) Baltoro Kangri


1. Both Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats extend in the state.

2. Northern part of state is composed of Black soil.

3. The state has the smallest coastline in southern India

Which of the following states has the above features ?

a) Tamil Nadu

b) Andhra Pradesh

c) Kerala

d) Karnataka


1. Portions of Thar desert extends into Punjab

2. Shiwaliks extends over the northern part of Haryana.

Which of the above statement/s is/are correct.

a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None of the above.




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69. Which of the following pairs of hill station and range/hills is/are correctly matched ?

Hill station Range /hills

1. Matheran — Eastern Ghats

2. Saputara — Western Ghats.

3. Pachmarhi — Vindhayas


a) 2 and 3 Only

b) 2 Only

c) 1 and 3 Only

d) 1 and 2 Only

70. Saddle Peak, the highest peak of Andaman and Nicobar islands is located in

a) South Andamans

b) Little Andamans

c) North Andamans

d) Car Nicobar


1. Karaikal, a district of Puducherry is an enclave of Kerala.

2. Telangana does not share boundary with Odisha.

Which of the following statements is/are correct.

a) 1 Only b) 2 Only



1. The Peninsular India was part of Gondwanaland

2. The Gondwana consists of South America, Madgascar, Australia and India.

3. Peninsular plateau is the oldest and stable landmass composed of old crystalline igneous and

metamorphic rocks.

Which of the following is/are correct.

a) 1 & 3 Only

b) 2 & 3 Only

c) 1 & 2 Only

d) All the above.




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73. Which of the following statement is NOT correct.

a) The width of the Himalayan ranges decreases towards the East

b) Western Himalayas rises abruptly from the plains compared to gradual rise of Eastern

Himalayas

c) Duns are the longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalayas and shiwaliks

d) Indus and Brahmaputra River are much older compared to Himalayas.


1. Garo and Khasi hills are extensions of Purvanchals in Meghalaya forming water divide between

Brahmaputra and Barak River

2. Rajmahal hills is a denuded fold mountain around which river Ganga meanders and moves towards

the South

Which of the above statement/s is/are correct ?

a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2


75. Greater concentration of Sal and Teak forest extends over which topographic region

a) Vindhayan and Satpura ranges of Central Highland.

b) Slopes of Shiwaliks in western Himalayas

c) Purvanchals

d) Aravallis

76. Consider the following pairs

River Merges With

1. Manjra — Krishna

2. Hiran — Narmada

3. Ramganga — Ghaghara

Which of the following is/are CORRECTLY matched

a) 2 & 3 b) 2 Only c) 1 & 2 d) 1 & 3 Only

77. The irregularity in the amount of rainfall in different parts of north Indian plains is mainly due to

a) Irregular intensity of low pressure in the north-western parts of India.

b) Difference in frequency of cyclones

c) Variation in the location of the axis of low pressure trough.

d) Variations in the amount of moisture carried by winds every year.




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78. Which of the following statement is NOT correct.

a) Variability of rainfall is highest in the regions of high rainfall.

b) Duration of south-west monsoon varies in different parts of country based on onset and

withdrawal.

c) Changes in the pressure conditions over Southern Pacific impacts the intensity of monsoon

d) The intensity and position of high-pressure over Mascarenes affects Indian Monsoon.


1. The amount rainfall.

2. Altitude

3. Soil type

4. Humidity

The type of natural vegetation in India varies due to variation of which of the following above factors.

a) 1 & 2 Only

b) 1,2,3

c) 1,2,4

d) All the above


1. River Mahi flows through the rift valley.

2. There are no west flowing rivers in Orissa.

Which of the above statement/s is/are correct ?

a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2



1. Tamil Nadu

2. Madhya Pradesh

3. Uttarakhand

Which of the above states have population density higher than National Average (2011 census)

a) 2 Only

b) 1 & 2 only

c) 1 Only

d) 2 & 3 Only




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82. Consider the following statement

1. Population growth rate started declining after 1971.

2. As per 2011 census the sex ratio of tribal states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha is much lower

compared to national average

Which of the above statement/s is/are CORRECT ?

a) 1 Only

b) 2 Only

c) Both 1 and 2


83. Which of the following statements is NOT correct

a) The largest part of the northern plain is formed by new alluvium deposition of Khadar region.

b) Punjab plains on western part of northern plains is dominated by doabs.

c) Duars are the terai floodplains that lie south of Himalayan foothills

d) Alluvial plains of the Eastern India recieves higher rainfall compared to western part.

84. Which of the following mountains chains has two dissimilar types of vegetation on its two slopes ?

a) Western Ghats

b) Aravalis

c) Vindhayas

d) Eastern Ghats

85. Which of the following conservation sites are located in Shiwalik ranges

1. Rajaji National park

2. Valley of flowers

3. Dachigam National Park

Which of the following is/are CORRECT

a) 1 and 2 only

b) 1 only

c) 2 and 3 only

d) 1,2 and 3


1. Coringa

2. Pichavaram

3. Bartang Island




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Which of the following is/are MANGROVE sites in India

a) 2 only

b) 1 and 3 only

c) 1 and 2 only

d) All the above

87. Consider the Endangered species and their conservation sites of India

1. Nilgiri Tahr — Eravikulam National Park

2. Lion Tailed Macaque — Papikonda National park

3. One-horned Rhinoceros — Orang National park


a) 3 only

b) 2 and 3 only

c) 1 and 3 only

d) 1 and 2 only

88. Identify the only conservation site of Lakshadweep Islands

a) Mount Harriett National Park

b) Pitti Bird sanctuary

c) Mahatma Gandhi Marine National park

d) Malvan Marine wildlife sanctuary

89. Alpine shrub and meadows extend over which following states in north-east

a) Mizoram and Tripura

b) Nagaland and Tripura

c) Sikkim and Arunachal

d) Assam and Meghalaya


National Park River

1. Corbett National park — Alaknanda

2. Silent Valley National Park — Kaveri


a) 1 only b) 2 only





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91. The first Pelican Bird Festival-2018 was recently organised at

a) Pulicat lake

b) Kolleru lake

c) Ashtamudi wetland

d) Vembanad-Kol wetland

92. Consider the following pairs:

Launch Pad – Location

1. Kennedy Space Centre – San Francisco, California

2. Europe’s Spaceport – Kourou, French Guiana

3. Satish Dhawan Space Centre – Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha

4. Rocket Lab Launch Complex – Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?

a) 1, 2 and 4 only

b) 1 and 3 only

c) 2 and 4 only

d) 1, 2, 3 and 4


1. Mangrove forests only grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes

2. The Sundarbans lies in latitudes north of the Tropic of Cancer


a) 1 only

b) 2 only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2


1. The Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) can be used as an indicator of the economic health of the

manufacturing sector only

2. While the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an output measure, the PMI is an indication of

the activity at the input, or purchasing level


a) 1 only

b) 2 only

c) Both 1 and 2

d) Neither 1 nor 2




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95. Which among the following initiatives by NITI Aayog has a direct bearing on competitive federalism ?

1. Sustainable Action for Transforming Health

2. Samavesh

3. Champions of Change


a) 1 only

b) 1 and 2

c) 1 and 3

d) 2 and 3


Documents

Serial No. 9 TEST BOOKLET · Insights IAS | InsightsonIndia 1 – 2018 SERIES – 9 : Questions (Days 33-36) 1. Which of the following statement is/are NOT correct ? 1. Karachi session