September-October 2002 Sego Lily Newsletter, Utah Native Plant Society

8/9/2019 September-October 2002 Sego Lily Newsletter, Utah Native Plant Society

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VOLUME 25, ISSUE 5

Creating a Sense of Place, Part II & III

Equestrian Trail Interpretive Sign Project

UDOT Seeks to Reduce Impacts to the Clay Phacelia

New Heritage Garden at Sego Lily Gardens

Events and Chapter News

SEP/OCT 2002

Many of the non-native perennials that domi-nate our landscapes have been widely cultivated for many years in Europe and the United States and havevery wide tolerances as to the type of climates theyenjoy and their cultural needs in the garden. This is inlarge part because over the years plants that weredifficult to grow and propagate using traditional meth-ods disappeared from the trade. Many native plantintroductions are very new to the gardening public andtheir cultural needs less well understood. However,we are already finding that many natives are alsoeasy to grow and propagate and have also become

common in gardens across the country. Rudbeckiafulgida “Goldsturm” (although selected by Germanbreeders) is one of this country’s most popular nativeperennials. To increase the gardening public’s use of other native plants, our general knowledge about anative plant’s soil preferences, sun exposure, andmoisture needs and tolerances must be understoodand accompany the plant as it moves from thegrower’s greenhouse to the homeowner’s yard.

SEP/OCT 2002

By David Salmon, High Country Gardens

This is the continuation of a three-part article on gardening with native plants. Part 1 is in the Jul/AugSego Lily newsletter. Incorporating native plants into your landscape and landscape designs can be a verygratifying experience. The key to success with native plants is learning where the plants are from and what theclimate and growing conditions of their native habitats tell us about their cultural needs in the garden.

Creating a Sense of Place

Parts II & III



The compatibility of a given native plant to your localarea is highly dependent on that plant’s need for moisture. The amount of precipitation that plantsreceive in their habitats is a very important piece of cultural information. Looking at a precipitation mapof the United States the pattern shows us that, in

general, as we move west from the eastern sea-board toward California the terrain becomes drier and drier. Thus plants native to the various desertregions of the western United States will not be wellsuited to average garden conditions in moist Ohio.However, in my ex-perience, a nativeplant from Ohio maydo fine in Santa Fe’shigh desert climate if given enriched soil,sufficient irrigationand afternoon shade

to avoid heat stroke.

Soil chemistry anddrainage are twoother critical factorsthat must be takeninto account. My ex-perience has beenthat native plants fromthe east and Midwestmake the transition towestern growing con-ditions more easilythan western nativestransition the other direction. It wouldseem that many western plants aremore specialized and closely matched to the harsh,dry conditions of their habitats and are less adapt-able to richer soils and more moisture. But like allgeneralizations there are notable (and often surpris-ing) exceptions.

Western soils tend to be very mineral (low in organicmaterials) and alkaline. Many Midwestern soils arehumus rich and their pH ranges from neutral to

acidic. Eastern soils can be much more variable butin general are acidic. Westerners don’t use lime andwood ashes in our soils, as these soil amendmentsare for making soils more alkaline. Gardeners withacidic soil conditions must raise the soil pH usingthese additives to provide the alkaline conditionsrequired by many western natives. Many westernnatives also need higher trace mineral levels andbenefit greatly by using trace mineral fertilizers likePlanters II (rock dust in organic gardening circles).

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Moving eastern plants west can be accomplishedusing lots of greensand and soil sulfur to bring downthe soil alkalinity. However, acid loving plants arevery difficult to grow long term without constant acidi-fication efforts and use of rainwater to irrigate. (Manywestern regions have very hard, alkaline well water.)

Soil drainage is a critical but often overlooked factor in growing native plants. Many western natives re-quire fast draining soil when grown in wetter cli-mates, so when gardening in wetter conditions sandy

and sandy loam soilsprovide drier conditionsthan clay. Natives thatlike moister, high hu-mus soils can be ac-commodated out westby incorporating gener-ous amounts of com-

post and Broadleaf P4 water retaining crystalsinto the soil and irrigat-ing more frequently.Clay loving plants arecommon in all areas of the United States. It ismore challenging whenwe move dry clay lov-ers from west to eastthan vice versa. Claysoils that stay wet fromplentiful rain and snowwill be deadly for dry

clay lovers from the west. Asand/gravel/clay soil mixture used in a

raised bed or berm is often the best solution to thisdilemma.

I’m not as familiar with native plants from the Mid-west and eastern United States, as I don’t often havethe opportunity to see and study these plants in their native habitats. However I look to the many nativeplant experts in these regions and trial their introduc-tions in Santa Fe. Interestingly, these regions offer

many summer and fall blooming species that are in-valuable for coloring the garden when the many latespring and early summer bloomers natives havepast. Solidago rugosa “Fireworks” and S. sphacelata “Golden Fleece” are two standouts valued for their late summer yellow flowers. The novae-belgie andnovae-angliae Asters from back east are parents to ahuge number of hybrids and selections. A favoriteselection originally found in the wild is Aster n.-a.“Purple Dome”.

HUMMINGBIRD FLOWER



PAGE 3 VOLUME 25, ISSUE 5

An aster relative that has proven itself as a valuedsource of long lasting cut flowers is the white daisyflowered Boltonia asteriodes “Snowbank”. Eupato-rium can be a difficult genus in the high, dry desert of northern NM, but Eupatorium maculatum “Gateway”

is a wonderful exception. It still needs regular irriga-tion and rich, moisture-retentive soils but will growwell in non-bog conditions. The same is true for sev-eral of the Monarda cultivars like Monarda x “VioletQueen”. This hybrid has outstanding mildew toler-ance and thrives in drier conditions. Liatris ligulistylus is a superb Gayfeather with long showy purple flower spikes. Of course the Coneflowers (Echinacea) reignsupreme in the summer garden. Echinacea purpureaand its various cultivars ("Magnus" and “WhiteSwan”) are well known. Less familiar but equally de-serving a place in the garden are the rare yellowflowered E. paradoxa from the Ozarks of Missouri

and Arkansas and the graceful E. angustifolia, nativeto the prairies of the Midwest and eastern GreatPlains. Almost all of the above natives are highly val-ued nectar sources for adult butterflies.

The Great Plains provide a treasure trove of toughbut beautiful native plants. These plants are adaptedto surviving extremes of temperatures and moistureas well as grazing animals. They favor well-drained,not-too-rich soils with a neutral to alkaline pH. Their natural climatic precipitation arrives during the winter,spring and sporadically during the heat of the sum-mer months. My favorites include the duet of Scutel-laria resinosa, a mounding blue-flowered beauty andHymenoxys scaposa, a gray, thread-leaved little gemwith yellow daisies. I like to plant these species withplains cacti like the magenta flowered Coryphantha(Escobaria) vivipara and the yellow-green floweredEchinocereus viridiflorus. Our native cacti are someof our most spectacular but overlooked wildflowers. Iencourage their inclusion when planting other xeric(drought resistant) perennial native flowers.

Another outstanding succulent from theplains is the everblooming, magenta-flowered Ta-

linum calycinum. This quirky little native’s odd behav-ior is an excellent example of why some folks avoidnative plants, thinking they are too hard to grow--butit’s actually a showy, easy-to-grow plant once youunderstand its needs. I recommend it to everybody.Talinum likes dry, sandy or sandy loam soils. It isvery slow to wake from its winter slumber, waitinguntil the late spring frosts have past. It also withers(goes dormant) before frost, using short days as itsdormancy trigger. If you didn’t know better you would

think the plant either died suddenly in the fall or didn’tmake it through the winter. However it easily survivesthe cold winters as a shallow rooted succulent crown(stem at the junction of the roots and above groundstem) that looks like a fat twig. Be patient in thespring because it returns to get bigger and showier

every year.

Other indispensable flowering perennialsfrom the Great Plains include Berlandiera (ChocolateFlower), Calylophus serrulatus (Dwarf Sundrops),Callirhoe involucrata (Poppy Mallow), Liatris punctata (Gayfeather) and various grasses like Schizachyriumscoparum “The Blues” (Little Blue Stem) and Pani-cum virgatum “Prairie Sky” (Switch Grass).

The Great Plants for the Great Plains pro-gram sponsored by the Nebraska Statewide Arbore-tum and supported by NE nurseries that grow and

propagate new finds is an excellent program devotedto bringing natives for the plains into cultivation.

Over the past decade, I have focused onfinding cold-hardy selections of Southwestern na-tives. The objective of this work is to expand the us-age of these spectacular species beyond the mildwinter areas of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona andCalifornia. ‘Wild Thing’ and ‘Furman’s Red’ are twoSalvia greggii cultivars that have proven cold hardyin USDA zone 6. Salvia x Raspberry Delight is a hy-brid selection introduced by High Country Gardens in2000. This ever-blooming hybrid is a cross betweenS. greggii ‘Furman’s Red” and a high altitude collec-tion of S. microphylla from central Arizona. The ge-nus Agastache is rich with native ornamental spe-cies. These plants have highly aromatic foliage andflowers and are some of our best natives for attract-ing hummingbirds. Agastache x Desert Sunrise isanother High Country Gardens introduction. A crossbetween A. rupestris and A. cana, this large, long-blooming wildflower hybrid has become one of our most popular plants. Another fantastic and surpris-ingly cold-hardy hummingbird plant is Zauschneriaarizonica. As this genus is typically not very cold

hardy their use has traditionally been confined to themild winter regions of California.

I have found that there are four key elementsto the successful cultivation of Southwestern nativesin cold climates. The first thing is to plant them fromspring through late summer. Fall planting doesn’twork for most of the Southwestern natives in zones 5and 6. Secondly, plant in full sun locations wherewalls, pavement, and large rocks will provide re-



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flected heat in the winter months. These hard sur-faces provide a warm microclimate and help moder-ate wild temperature swings caused by cold frontsdropping in from Canada. Thirdly, don’t cut theseplants back in fall; wait until mid-spring before givingthem their spring trimming. And forth, plant in a

lean, well-drained soil mulched with chipped gravelto help protect against excessive winter moistureand encourage re-seeding.

The southwest ishome to some of our showi-est Penstemon(Beardtongue) species.Penstemon pseudospect-abilis, P. cardinalis, P. pini-folius (and its numerousculitvars) and P. palmeri areall crowd pleasers. Be sure

to plant P. palmeri in sandysoils; loam and clay soilswill kill this lightly fragrantspecies. I have found P.pinifolius to be one of themost widely adaptable of allthe Penstemon. ‘MersaeYellow’ was originally dis-covered in England, whereit has thrived in that coun-try’s maritime climate for many years.

Driving around Phoenix one is im-mediately struck by the importance of succulents inthe landscapes there. Fortunately we’re findingmany succulents that survive cold winter climates.Hesperaloe (Texas Red Yucca), native to southernTexas and northeastern Mexico has proven to becold hardy into zones 5, 6 and 7. Previously thisever-blooming hummingbird magnet was thought tobe quite cold tender, but experimentation by myself and other native plant gardeners in Colorado provedotherwise. Agave (Century Plant) has numerousspecies from the Southwest and the Great Basinareas that grow in zones 5 & 6. Agave parryi and A.

neomexicana are two larger growing Southwesternspecies. Dasylirion wheeleri (Sotol or Desert Spoon)with its graceful evergreen foliage and enormousbloom spikes is another Southwesterner that isproving to be more cold-hardy than previously be-lieved. Claret Cup (Echinocereus triglochidiatus) isthe largest and showiest of our native cacti. Itmakes a superb companion plant to the other suc-culents mentioned above.

I have found that some Southwestern na-

tives have expanded a genera’s usage from colder climates into warmer ones. The genus Columbine(Aquilegia) is an excellent example. Arizona is hometo several of my favorites, A. desertorum and A.species Swallowtail. Both of these heat tolerant spe-cies were originally collected by Sally and Tim

Walker of Tucson, Arizona. Unlike A. caerulea(Rocky Mountain Columbine) these two specieshave excellent tolerance to dry heat, expanding this

genus’ useful-ness into warmer areas of thecountry.

The inter-mountain regionof Colorado,Utah, Idaho,Wyoming and

Montana, includ-ing both moun-tainous and highplains habitat, ishome to numer-ous ornamentalspecies. My inter-ests in this regionfocus on more of the dry land spe-cies and don’tinclude plants

best suited to wet and boggy habi-

tats. Penstemon are prominent onthat list and include P. strictus, P. barbatus, P. ea-toni, P. virens and an amazingly xeric species, P.linariodes v. coloradensis. Colorado Narrowleaf Beardtongue, as it’s known regionally, puts on anamazing display of lavender flowers in late spring.But even better is its bright blue evergreen foliage,which gives this little gem year-round appeal.

Antenaria species ‘Mc Clintock’ is a favoriteselection of Pussytoes, a widespread genus in theWest. This tight, very low growing cultivar is ideal for planting between flagstone in patio areas. Its silver

foliage is very showy. Essentially a non-bloomingvariety, it doesn’t “fall apart” after blooming like mostAntenaria and always looks good. Campanula ro-tundifolia is another favorite, long blooming wild-flower. Useful in both full sun and partial shade, thislittle bluebells species naturalizes (re-seeds) readilywhen happy. It is an excellent companion to moun-tain Aquilegia (Columbine) like A. formosa, a redand yellow flowered species, and A. caerulea(Rocky Mountain Columbine) that both enjoy cooler

DWARF SUNDROPS



PAGE 5 VOL UME 25, ISS UE 5

Equestrian Trail Interpretive Sign Project

Partners - Forest Service, Back Country Horseman, Utah Native Plant Society

Do you remember the days before you were an expert on native plants? Do you remember strug-gling to learn the names of the common shrubs and trees you encountered in your forays into nature? Doyou have friends or family members who are trying to learn about native plants?

In Utah’s Dixie, a new resource is available for novice plant enthusiasts. A trail leading from thePine Valley Equestrian Campground to Forsythe Canyon is being fitted with interpretive signs. The signsare tall enough for horse riders to read, but at a height hikers can also read. This project is the brain childof Fred Ybright, wilderness coordinator for the Pine Valley Ranger District. For a long time he has wantedto put interpretive signs along this popular trail that would identify and describe the trees and shrubs thatgrew there. When he learned that Utah Native Plant Society had purchased a machine that could print highquality signs inexpensively, he saw a chance to make his dream happen. Rebecca Fawson, a Forest Ser-

vice volunteer and member of the Southern Utah Chapter of the Utah Native Plant Society, wrote 5 linedescriptions of the 20 plants found on the trail and found line drawings of them. The Southern Utah Chap-ter of the Back Country Horseman purchased the materials and made the mounting structures for thesigns. Susan Meyer and Bitsy Schultz took the sketches and descriptions, worked their computer magic,and printed off beautiful signs ready to be mounted. This project is unique because of the three partnersinvolved: The Forest Service, The Back Country Horseman, and The Utah Native Plant Society. The logosof all three organizations adorn the signs. The signs will be in place soon, ready to educate trail users andincrease their appreciation of the native plants they encounter on beautiful Pine Valley Mountain.

summer temperatures and moister conditions.

The high, cold desert regions of Nevada,western Utah, eastern California, Oregon and Wash-ington are known as the Great Basin. Amazingly ithas only been recently that many of its fantastic or-

namental species have found their way into cultiva-tion. Salvia pachyphylla (Giant Flowered PurpleSage) should be on top of everyone’s list. The seedsof this fascinating species were originally supplied tome through the collecting efforts of Alan Bradshaw(Alplains Seed Company). Native to California, thisspecies has proven itself cold-hardy in Colorado.Numerous native plant enthusiasts in Denver andelsewhere rave about this spectacular native shrub.It has large, pungently scented silver foliage andshowy blue and rose-pink flower spikes that begin inmid-summer.

In writing these articles, I have been re-minded of how native plants are an indispensablepart of any garden or xeriscape. I have not had theroom to cover all the species we offer (including

many grasses and shrubs), but I’ve tried to discusssome of the more interesting, lesser known varieties.Certainly, all of us native plant enthusiasts hope tocontinue to bring more species and selections(cultivars) into cultivation. The key to this ongoingeffort will be to focus on selecting plants that adapt

well to domestication and to develop improved meth-ods of propagation and cultivation. Keeping thesecriteria in mind promises that both experienced andbeginning gardeners will enjoy growing natives intheir yards and gardens.

High Country Gardens has a full catalog of drought-tolerant plants for the Western garden. Visit their siteat http://highcountrygardens.com. To subscribe tothe free e-zine "Xeriscape Gardening News," send blank e-mail to join-

[email protected] .



PAGE 6 VO LU ME 25 , IS SUE 5

By Lars Anderson, Landscape Architect, UDOT Region 3

Phacelia argillacea (Clay phacelia) has beena hot topic of debate in UDOT offices for the past fewyears. UDOT (The Utah Department of Transporta-tion) has been pressured to widen the portion of StateRoute 6 that runs from Spanish Fork to Price. Somegroups have named this stretch of highway as thedeadliest in Utah and one of the deadliest in thecountry. Over 80 million dollars has been allocatedfor road widening with additional funds on the way.The intent is to eventually have 4 lanes of traffic ex-tending from Spanish Fork to Price. Unfortunately,this runs through prime habitat for the Clay phacelia.

The Utah Endangered, Threatened and Sen-sitive Plant Field Guide (1991) names UDOT as oneof the agencies with “Management Responsibility”.That is a scary proposition considering UDOT is moreknown for its ability to kill plants instead of preservethem. In this case however, great strides have beentaken to protect existing habitat al-lowing for natural propagation of thespecies. Two years before the pro-

ject began existing species of Clayphacelia on the hillslopes were identi-fied, mapped and surveyed using aGPS unit. All were then flagged to

prevent accidental harm. Next, theroadway designers moved the road-way alignment as far away from theslope as possible and yet still meetfederal highway safety standards.Retaining walls were then designedand constructed to reduce the impactto the habitat. These walls would nothave been used had it not been inthe effort to reduce impact. Finally,Dr. Ron Kass from IntermountainEcosystems has been hired to super-vise construction. His responsibilities

include protection of habitat, search-ing for unmapped plants, and erosioncontrol to prevent further impact onthe Clay phacelia as well as to re-duce sedimentation into adjacentstreams. Later this fall a 3.5 acrewetland mitigation site will be constructed next to theSpanish Fork River near Thistle to mitigate for wet-lands lost due to the road project. The mitigation sitewill restore an old ox bow in the river by removing the

UDOT Seeks to Reduce Impacts to the Clay Phacelia

old State Route 6 and surrounding fill lowering theelevation of the site to the level of the river. Riparianhabitat, emergent marsh, and wet meadow will bedeveloped in the mitigation site to improve habitatand water quality.

Because it is difficult for the Clay phacelia tosurvive on the Green River Shale Formations of Spanish Fork Canyon, UDOT is committed to pre-serving its habitat. As pressure to widen roads andmake them safer for the traveling motorist increases,the pressure on habitat for Clay phacelia and other endangered species increases as well. The built andnatural environments are not often in harmony. Wemust continue in our efforts to accommodate the built

environment without detrimental effects to our naturalenvironment.

For further information, please contact Lars Andersonat [email protected].

Figure 1. This talus slope is home to the Clay phacelia.The wall was constructed to prevent impacts to the plant.



Events and Chapter News

Cache Chapter News

Although it’s late in the season, we hear thatthere’s still lots to see at Tony Grove in Logan Canyon.We’ve planned a last minute outing to this beautiful spoton Tuesday, August 20th, 8:30 am. Meet at the CacheCounty Extension offices located at 1780 N ResearchPkwy, Suite 108, North Logan. A group of USU Exten-sion Horticulture Agents from around the state will join us,so don’t miss this opportunity to promote Utah’s nativeplants and the UNPS.

You’ll soon have another chance to accompanyIntermountain Herbarium staff into the field if you missedour Identifying Northern Utah’s Natives workshop in May.Mary Barkworth & Co. will lead a Friends in Low PlacesTour on Wednesday, August 21st, 5:30 pm, meet in theparking lot across from the Straw Ibis. Unlike the GarthBrooks song, we won’t be barhopping through Cache Val-ley’s exciting tavern scene (sorry). We will, however, ven-ture fearlessly into ditches, canals, and streambanks insearch of native grasses and sedges. Thick-soled shoesor rubber boots would be a good idea on this trip.

The almost complete absence of native plants inCache Valley nurseries continues to baffle our chapter members . . . all the way to the bank. Many thanks tothose of you who have purchased plants and posters soldat our Gardeners’ Market table or have given up your Sat-urday mornings to staff the table (special kudos to Dave,Jackie, Dick, and Mary). Also, the Kjelgren Family nowoffers a fine selection of hardy natives at the Market, in-cluding many flowering perennials. Finally, The GardenNiche and Virginia Markham Seeds will return to our Mar-ket on Saturday, September 7th with more natives just intime for fall planting. The Cache Valley Gardeners’ Mar-ket is held every Saturday through October, 8 am to noon,

at 100 South Main Street in Logan, just behind TonyRoma’s.

Our first chapter meeting after the summer breakwill be held on Saturday, September 14th, in . . . Newton!UNPS member Jim Morris has kindly invited us to thebeautiful historic stone home where he has been garden-ing with natives for twenty years. The newest addition tohis landscape is a garden featuring alpines, most of whichhe propagated from seed. Bring a bag lunch (drinks willbe provided) and seeds or plants to swap. We’ll meet at

PAGE 7VOLUME 25, ISSUE 5

11:00 am for a quick chapter meeting then break for lunch. The Morris home is located at 190 E 200 S indowntown Newton. Call 435-563-3654 for directions.

It’s election season again! The Cache Chap-ter will vote at the September 14th meeting for a newPresident to take office October 1st. To get your nameon the ballot, please contact Alison Kelly at 435-797-0061 or at [email protected].

Finally, we must say ‘Goodbye’ to a creativeand supportive chapter member, Wendy Mee. Havingco-authored the forthcoming Landscaping With Utah

Natives (USU Press) and with an MA in LandscapeArchitecture in hand, she and her family are returningto Ellensburg, Washington. We’ll miss you Wendy –good luck!

Ornamental Grasses Workshop

September 21, Saturday 10-noon. Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District. Lecturer: Julie Rotolo, AssistantHorticulturist. Learn about beautiful, drought tolerantornamental grasses. This class will be held at theJVWCD Conservation Demonstration Gardens so the

grasses can be viewed in a garden setting. Free. Asspace is limited, please register at 565-4300.

Volunteers Needed for Wetland Sites

Red-winged blackbirds... Muskrats... Beakedsedge... Dragonfly larvae - committed Utah citi-zens are encountering and counting all these andmore. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources is be-ginning its third season of wetland monitoring bycitizen volunteers, and can use your help. People

with interest and/or expertise in birding, water quality, macroinvertebrates, or vegetation areneede to help sample wetland sites in Cache Val-ley during the Summer 2002 (June through Sep-tember) and Spring 2003 (March through June).The project includes training by wetland special-ists and requires a commitment of 3 hours per month. For more information contact Brian Nichol-son or Barbara Daniels at 435 797 8058 or [email protected].



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UNPSUtah Native Plant SocietyP.O. Box 520041Salt Lake City, UT 84152-0041

For more information about theUtah Native Plant Society call:

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Many thanks to Xmission for sponsoring the Utah NativePlant Society website.

Please direct all suggestions,articles and events for thenewsletter to Paula Mohadjer at [email protected]. The deadline for next issue is

November 14.

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UTAH NATIVE PLANT SOCIETYPresident: Susan Meyer President Elect: Larry Meyer Treasurer: Ben FranklinSecretary: Therese Meyer Newsletter Editor: Paula Mohadjer

CHAPTER PRESIDENTSCache: Tami ColemanCanyonlands: Karen Dohrenwend &

Sarah HaffronCentral Utah Chapter Mountain: Abby Moore

Price: Mike HubbardSalt Lake: Mindy Wheeler Southern Utah: Mike EmpeyUtah Valley: Phil Allen

COMMITTEESHorticulture: Susan Meyer Conservation: Bill KingEducation: Mindy Wheeler Invasive Species: Phil AllenCommunications: Paula Mohadjer

Utah Native Plant Society Membership and Information

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Bitsy Schultz

Utah Ladyfinger Astragalus utahensis

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September-October 2002 Sego Lily Newsletter, Utah Native Plant Society