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September 9, 2015• Attendance• Get Textbooks from Mr. Carey• Manners Maketh Man• Seating Chart• Take Social Studies 8 Pre-test (need pencil)• Set Up Notebook• Do Now• SNAP• Reconstruction Notes• SHEG
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September 9, 2015
• Do Now: Reconstruction• Black Codes• • HW: Finish setting up binders
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September 11, 2015
• Do Now: Carpetbagger• Scalawag
• HW: None – Spend time with family
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September 11, 2015
• Attendance• Collect: Tell Me About You• Scavenger Hunt• 9/11 Commemoration• SHEG• Reconstruction Notes
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Snaps
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• Scholastic video – Remembering 9/11
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Civil War Ends – Now What?
• Reconstruction – What is Reconstruction? The process of reuniting, rebuilding and changing the South.
Will Reconstruction be a success or failure?
One Look at the South PROBLEMS
• Houses, barns, bridges, farms destroyed• Railroad tracks = twisted scraps of metal
More Problems
• Confederate money worthless-banks close
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Constitution Day
More ProblemsNo more white owners and black slaves
Almost 4 million black slaves were now free but they had NO land, NO jobs, and NO education
Dishonest people taking advantage
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Constitution Day
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September 17, 2015Constitution Day
• Do Now: Scalawag
• HW: READ and answer the questions to the “Reconstruction Questions” packet. Some of the answers are obvious, while others will cause you to THINK!
• Answer questions in complete sentences.
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Constitution Day• Watch Liberty’s Kids Constitution Episode, #40,
“We the People”• Answer the questions, go over answers• Copy notes on Reconstruction from Black
Codes through Radical Republicans slide• Get into groups of four, take on one of the
“interest groups” from the list. Complete the packet, Creating a Plan for Reconstruction” and answer the questions.
• You many begin your homework when your group finishes all the questions.
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More ProblemsBlack Codes – severely restrict the legal, social and
economic rights of blacks (no voting, owning guns, serving on a jury).
“Carpetbaggers” – northerners who travelled to the South to profit off of their misery (today we might call these people ‘scam’ artists)
Black Codes - laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen.
African-Americans were forbidden from…
…voting.
…owning guns.
…serving on juries.
…running for political office.
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What is Reconstruction?
• Putting the nation back together– Lincoln #1 goal -
preserve the Union!– Federal Government
has authority over states
– There were two plans..
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What Lincoln had wanted for the South
• Treat them with a “Velvet Glove” 10 Percent Plan – Less Harsh -If 10% of a state’s voters took a loyalty oath to the Union, state could set up a new govt-Abolish slavery and set up schools for African Am, get representation in Congress
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Lincoln’s “Easy” Plan to Bring South Back into Union
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What Radical Republicans wanted for the South
• Radical Republicans-(ppl in Congress) claimed South had committed crimes by starting the war and enslaving ppl
• Wanted to be harsh on the South• Wade-Davis Bill - Prohibited any former
Confederate officials from holding office• Had to allow African-American males to vote
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What happened to the Velvet Glove?
•Lincoln Assassinated!
John Wilkes Booth
• Born on May 10, 1838 in Maryland; the 9th of 10 children.
• He was the lead in some of William Shakespeare's most famous works.
• He was a racist and Southern sympathizer during the Civil War.
• He hated Abraham Lincoln who represented everything Booth was against.
• Booth blamed Lincoln for all the South's ills.
• BOOTH WANTED REVENGE!!!!
The Conspirators….
George Atzerodt Samuel Arnold
Michael O'Laughlen John Suratt
David Herold
Lewis Powell (Paine or Payne)
One last meeting….• Booth held one final
meeting with his co-conspirators.
• He said he would kill Lincoln at the theatre (he had since learned that Grant had left town).
• Booth gave the others their orders.
• Booth also arranged to have a fast horse waiting for him.
Andrew Johnson• George Atzerodt was
to kill Vice-President Andrew Johnson at the Kirkwood House where Johnson resided.
Johnson was not home when
Atzerodt came calling.
William Seward• Lewis Powell was
assigned to kill Secretary of State William Seward.
• David Herold would accompany Powell.
Powell wildly attempted to stab
Seward, but struck no fatal
blows!!
Lincoln Shot….• Booth put his
derringer behind Lincoln's head near the left ear and pulled the trigger.
Lewis Paine • Paine was charged with
conspiracy and the attempted assassination of Secretary of State William Seward.
• Paine entered Seward's home the night of Lincoln's assassination.
• He knifed and pistol-whipped 5 people in the house.
• Luckily, all survived his brutality.
• Paine was found guilty by the court and was hanged on July 7, 1865.
David Herold• Herold was charged
with conspiracy, guiding Paine to Seward's home, and assisting Booth during his 12 days on the run after the assassination.
• When Booth and Herold were surrounded in a barn at Garrett's farm in Virginia, Herold gave up.
• He was found guilty and hanged on July 7, 1865.
George Atzerodt• Atzerodt was charged with
conspiring with Booth; his assignment was to kill Vice-President Andrew Johnson.
• Atzerodt rented a room in the Kirkwood House, the Vice-President's hotel, and directed a series of "suspicious" questions to the hotel's bartender.
• He made no attempt to kill Johnson.
• Nevertheless, he was found guilty and hanged on July 7, 1865.
Mary Suratt • Mary Surratt, boardinghouse
owner, was charged with conspiring with Booth, "keeping the nest that hatched the egg," and running errands for Booth that facilitated his escape.
• It was alleged that Booth used her boardinghouse to meet with his coconspirators.
• Mrs. Surratt was found guilty and was hanged on July 7, 1865.
Before sentence carried out
After the sentence…….
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September 18, 2015
• Do Now: Literacy Test• Grandfather Clause
• Homework: Complete the remaining part of the packet – use your notes or textbook
• Study Notes and Packet for Quiz on Tuesday
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September 18, 2015
• Reconstruction Notes• Take out homework – check at desk to see if you
have it done• Go over homework• Finish notes on Reconstruction• Work on Review Chart• “Starting New Lives as Freedmen” sheet• Make new snaps• Read two more snaps
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President Johnson’s Plan
• Johnson supported Lincoln’s “less harsh” plan but felt 51% of Southern voters should pledge support
• “Pardoned” Confederate officials so they could work in gov’t
• States had to ratify 13th Amendment• Radical Republicans unhappy with Johnson,
still wanted to punish the South
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Congress (Radical Republicans) do not agree with Johnson
• Impeach Johnson! • Impeach – formally charge him/stand trial• President Johnson found NOT GUILTY by one
vote
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Amendments Passed
• 13th Amendment: – Slavery is abolished
o Freedmen – free slaves
• 14th Amendment: – Grants citizenship to all
persons born in the U.S.• 15th Amendment:
– Black Americans in all states could vote
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Lives of Freedmen• Property requirement to vote no longer
needed thanks to A.Jackson, the common man, instead….
• Poll Tax – Required Voters to pay fee to vote– Problem as ex-slaves had no money!
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Lives of FreedmenDenial of Basic Rights
• Literacy Tests– Had to read and explain a section of the
Constitution
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• Grandfather Clause– You could vote if your father or grandfather had
voted in 1867– No blacks could vote until 1868 ( 15th amendment)
Segregation=separation of the races
• Jim Crow Laws- separate schools, restaurants, trains, churches, etc.
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Lives of Freedmen
• Segregation– Separating people of different races
o Jim Crow Laws: Separate schools, churches, restaurants, trains, etc.
oPlessy vs. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court allows segregation as long as separate facilities
were equal (rare)
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Situation gets Violent
• Ku Klux Klan - secret group set up in the South after the Civil War. Members terrorized primarily African-Americans, but they targeted Catholics and Jews as well.
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KKK Video 3:18
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Lives of Freedmen
• Freedmen’s Bureau– Provided food, clothing, schools,
medical care to ex-slaves and poor whites
· The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, jobs, medical care, and education for millions of former slaves and poor whites.
Freedmen’s Bureau
A teacher and elementary school students posing on the steps of the Hill School, ca. late 19th Century. The school was a part of the Christiansburg Institute, which was first opened by the U. S. Freedmen's Bureau in 1866. (Montgomery County, VA)
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Is separate, equal?
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Lives of Freedmen
• Sharecropping – Even land owners had no money to pay workers so they offered a place to live, seeds, and tools in return for a “share” of the crop
• Southern blacks worked the land, had to pay the owner with crops for supplies
• Sharecropper perpetually in debt
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Sharecropping=never own the land
1866 – An ex-slave testifies to congressional committee
Place – Memphis, TNWhites on rampage against negroes – kill 46
“I saw them kill my husband, it was on Tuesday night between ten and eleven o’clock; he was shot in the head while he was in bed sick. . .there were between twenty and thirty men…they came into the room…then one stepped back and shot him, he was not a yard from him, he put the pistol to his head and shot him three times; then one of them kicked him and another shot him again when he was down…He neverspoke after he fell. They then went running right off and did not come back.”
Mrs. Sarah Song
So, Success or Failure?
• Many historians believe that if Lincoln had lived his generous and moderate policies would have done better for the South and the country than the policies followed.
What do YOU know?
• Southern segregation of blacks, prevented them from using same facilities as whites?
• Law that stated your father or grandfather must have voted?• Required a person to read and explain a part of Constitution
to be eligible to vote?• Limited Blacks from owning guns, serve on juries?• Granted the right to vote for all freedmen?• Granted citizenship to all born in U.S.?• Banned slavery?
Impacts of Reconstruction
• Republicans dominate the government• Solid South emerges (Democrat bloc)• Civil rights are given, but not guaranteed• Federal government is SUPREME over states• Racial tensions surge as the nation SLOWLY
rebuilds• Corruption of the Grant administration filters
throughout government• Ku Klux Klan reign of terror begins
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Results of Reconstruction for Freedmen
• Have some rights but limited
