New Jersey Department of Environmental ProtectionLand Use Management

Post Office Box 409, TrentonWater Monitoring Project

Water Monitoring and StandardsLeslie J. McGeorge, Administrator

September 2004

RARITAN and SANDY HOOK BAYS

SANITARY SURVEY REPORT

1997-2000

Water Monitoring Report Prepared by:

Bonnie J. Zimmer, Ph.D.

Bureau of Marine Water MonitoringPO Box 405 Stoney Hill Road

Leeds Point, NJ 08220Robert Connell, Jr., Bureau Chief

STATE OF NEW JERSEYJAMES MCGREEVEY

GOVERNOR

RARITAN and SANDY HOOK BAYSSANITARY SURVEY REPORT

1997-2000

New Jersey Department of Environmental ProtectionBRADLEY M. CAMPBELL

COMMISSIONER

This Report Was Funded

by a State General Appropriation,

Federal Clean Water Act,

and the

Monmouth County Hard Clam Relay and Depuration Fund

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Purpose 1

History 2

Functional Authority 3

Importance of Sanitary Control of Shellfish 4

DESCRIPTION 7

Location 7

Description 8

History 10

METHODS 10

BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 12Sampling Strategy 12NSSP Criteria 12

Marine Biotoxins 13

SHORELINE SURVEY 14

Changes since last survey 14

Evaluation of Biological Resources 14

Special Permits Program 16

Land Use 18

Identification and Evaluation of Sources 22Permitted Point Sources 22Buffers Around Outfalls 29Storm Water Discharge 31Input from Surface Water Drainage 33Indirect Discharges 34Marinas 35Dredging Projects 39Landfills 39Other Potential Inputs 39Spills or Other Unpermitted Discharges 40

HYDROGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY 41

Circulation 41

Patterns of Precipitation 44

Precipitation 45

WATER QUALITY STUDIES 47

Sampling Stations 47

Bacteriological Quality 47Compliance with NSSP Criteria 47Tidal and Seasonal Effects 55Rainfall Effects 56

Related Studies 59NOAA Mussel Watch Program 59Toxics Monitoring Program 60Bathing Beach Data 76Estuarine Monitoring Program 77

INTERPETATION AND DISCUSSION OF DATA 77

Bacteriological 77

Nutrients 77

Toxics 77

CONCLUSIONS 78

Bacteriological Evaluation 78

RECOMMENDATIONS 78

Bacteriological Evaluation 78Recommended Classification Changes 78Legal Description for Recommended Changes 82Recommended Changes in Monitoring Schedule 84

Recommendations for Further Study 84

LITERATURE CITED 85

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 86

APPENDICES 87

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: State of New Jersey Shellfish Agencies 4Figure 2: Cross-section of Mercenaria mercenaria 6Figure 3: Location of Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays 7Figure 4: Sandy Hook Bay, looking northeast from Mt. Mitchell 8Figure 5: Current Classification of Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays 9Figure 6: Sampling Stations 11Figure 7: Hard Clam Resources in Raritan / Sandy Hook Bay 14Figure 8: Soft Clam Resources in Raritan / Sandy Hook Bay 15Figure 9: Mussel and oyster resources in Raritan / Sandy Hook Bay 15Figure 10: Designated Harvesting Areas in Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays 17Figure 11: Relay and Depuration Harvest (1994-2000) 18Figure 12: Land Use Patterns 19Figure 13: Municipalities Adjoining Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays 21Figure 14: Discharges to Surface Water, showing extent of outfall buffer 23Figure 15: Time of Travel for Winter Discharge of Unchlorinated Effluent 25Figure 16: Time of Travel for Fall / Spring Discharge of Unchlorinated Effluent 26Figure 17: Time of Travel for Summer Discharge of Unchlorinated Effluent 27Figure 18: Storm water Outfall Locations 32Figure 19: Freshwater Inputs to Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays 33Figure 20: Indirect discharges 34Figure 21: Boat Basin at Belford 36Figure 22 : Marina Facilities Located in Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays 37Figure 23: Spills or Other Unpermitted Discharges (statewide, 1995-1999) 40Figure 24: Tidal Currents During Ebb Tide 42Figure 25: Tidal Currents During Flood Tide 43Figure 26: Storm Event Frequency Histogram (1981-1997) (Source: NOAA climatic data) 45Figure 27: Sampling Stations exceeding Approved criteria – Yearround 48Figure 28: Total Coliform Levels (yearround) 49Figure 29: Total Coliform Variability (yearround) 50Figure 30: Stations Exceeding Approved Criteria During the Winter 51Figure 31: Total Coliform Levels (winter) 52Figure 32: Total Coliform Levels (summer) 53Figure 33 : Areas Impacted by Rainfall (Statewide) 57Figure 34: Stations Tending to Show a Rainfall Impact 58Figure 35: Sampling Sites where NOAA Mussel Watch Data has been collected 60Figure 36: Sampling Stations 65Figure 37 : Arsenic Mean VAlues (results as ug/g wet weight) 66Figure 38: Arsenic Maximum Values (results in ug/g wet weight) 67Figure 39: Chromium Mean Values (results in ug/g wet weight) 68Figure 40: Chromium Maximum Values (results in ug/g wet weight) 69Figure 41: Mercury Mean Values (results in ug/g wet weight) 70Figure 42: Mercury Maximum VAlues (results in ug/g wet weight) 71Figure 43: Lead Mean Values (results in ug/g wet weight) 72Figure 44: Lead Maximum Values (results in ug/g wet weight) 73Figure 45: Total PAH Mean Values (results in ug/kg wet weight) 74Figure 46: Mean benzo(a)pyrene Values (results in ug/kg wet weight) 75Figure 47: Total PCB Mean Values (results in ug/kg wet weight) 76Figure 48: Sampling Sites where additional data has been collected for nutrients 76Figure 49: Recommended Changes in Classification 79Figure 50: Reclassification (west of Conaskonk Point) 80Figure 51: Reclassification (Flynn's Knoll) 81

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 1: Criteria for Adverse Pollution Condition Sampling Strategy 13Table 2: Criteria for Systematic Random Sampling Strategy 13Table 3: Combined Relay And Depuration Harvest, Effort, And Catch Per Effort 18Table 4 : Municipal Statistics (1990 census) 20Table 5 : Direct Discharges to Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays 22Table 6: Marinas Located in the Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays 38Table 7: Average Mid-Atlantic Storm Event Information. Sources: USEPA; US Department of

Commerce 44Table 8: Storm Event Volume for 2-Year Storm Event Recurrence (source: USGS) 44Table 9: Climatological Data 46Table 10 : Water Quality Summary (5/1/1997 – 10/1/2000) 54Table 11: Results of Metals Tissue Analyses (mean value, results in ug/g wet weight) 63Table 12: Results of PCB and PAH Tissue Analysis (mean value, results in ug/kg wet weight) 64

1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is a Sanitary Survey of the Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays. A Sanitary Surveyis completed every 12 years for each designated growing area, when there have beensignificant changes in the area, or if an upgrade in classification is proposed. The reportaddresses a request from the shellfish industry to review the water quality of theProhibited waters at the eastern and western portions of the area. A classification upgrade(Prohibited to Special Restricted) would allow the shellfish resources to be utilized underthe special permit program for depuration and relay.

Sampling results (1997-2000) indicate that the total coliform bacterial water quality ofthe shellfish growing waters of the Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays has improved slightlysince the last Sanitary Survey report that covered sampling results from 1994-1996. Thisimprovement is part of a continuing trend in water quality improvement in this area.There appears to be an overall improvement in bacterial water quality in the Sandy HookBay.

This report includes an evaluation of tissue samples analyzed for a suite of toxicants,including heavy metals and organic compounds. An evaluation of the potential impactsfrom the Middlesex County Utilities Authority discharge, located in the western sectionof Raritan Bay, is also included. Based on these data, an upgrade was implemented for atriangular area to the west of Sandy Hook (known as Flynn’s Knoll) as well as a smallerarea to the west of Conaskonk Point. The total area upgraded (from Prohibited to SpecialRestricted) is approximately 5714 acres.

INTRODUCTION

PPUURRPPOOSSEE

This report is part of a series of studieshaving a dual purpose. The first andprimary purpose is to comply with theguidelines of the National ShellfishSanitation Program (NSSP) that areestablished by the Interstate ShellfishSanitation Conference (ISSC). Reportsgenerated under this program form thebasis for classifying shellfish waters forthe purpose of harvesting shellfish forhuman consumption. As such, theyprovide a critical link in protectinghuman health.

The second purpose is to provide inputto the State Water Quality InventoryReport, which is prepared pursuant toSection 305(b) of the Federal CleanWater Act (P.L. 95-217). Theinformation contained in the growingarea reports is used for the New JerseyState Water Quality Inventory Report(305b), which provides an assessment toCongress every two years of currentwater quality conditions in the State'smajor rivers, lakes, estuaries, and oceanwaters. The reports provide valuable

2

information for the 305(b) report, whichdescribes the waters that are attainingstate designated water uses and nationalclean water goals; the pollutionproblems identified in surface waters;and the actual or potential sources ofpollution. Similarly, the reports utilizerelevant information contained in the305(b) report, since the latterassessments are based on instreammonitoring data (temperature, oxygen,pH, total and fecal coliform bacteria,nutrients, solids, ammonia and metals),land-use profiles, drainage basincharacteristics and other pollution sourceinformation.

From the perspective of the ShellfishClassification Program, the reciprocaluse of water quality information fromreports represent two sides of the samecoin: the growing area report focuses onthe estuary itself, while the 305(b) reportdescribes the watershed that drains tothat estuary.

The Department participates in acooperative National EnvironmentalPerformance Partnership System(NEPPS) with the USEPA, whichemphasizes ongoing evaluation of the

effectiveness of environmentalmanagement strategies, includingassessing impacts on waterbodies andmeasuring improvements in variousindicators of environmental health. Oneof the indicators used to assess theenvironmental health of coastal waters isthe area of waters classified asharvestable (Approved, SeasonallyApproved, or Special Restricted).

The shellfish growing area reportsprovide a brief assessment of thegrowing area, with particular emphasison those factors that affect the quantityand quality of the shellfish resource. Asthe Department implements acomprehensive watershed managementprogram in conjunction with the NEPPSinitiative, the shellfish growing areareports provide valuable information onthe overall quality of the saline waters inthe most downstream sections of eachmajor watershed. In addition, the reportsassess the quality of the biologicalresource and provide a reliable indicatorof potential areas of concern and/or areaswhere additional information is neededto accurately assess watershed dynamics.

HHIISSTTOORRYY

As a brief history, the NSSP developedfrom public health principles andprogram controls formulated at theoriginal conference on shellfishsanitation called by the Surgeon Generalof the United States Public HealthService in 1925. This conference wascalled after oysters were implicated incausing over 1500 cases of typhoid feverand 150 deaths in 1924. The tripartitecooperative program (federal, state andshellfish industry) has updated the

program procedures and guidelinesthrough workshops held periodicallyuntil 1977. Because of concern by manystates that the NSSP guidelines were notbeing enforced uniformly, a delegationof state shellfish officials from 22 statesmet in 1982 in Annapolis, Maryland, andformed the ISSC. The first annualmeeting was held in 1983 and theorganization continues to meet annuallyat various locations throughout theUnited States.

3

The NSSP Guide for the Control ofMolluscan Shellfish sets forth theprinciples and requirements for thesanitary control of shellfish producedand shipped in interstate commerce inthe United States. It provides the basisused by the Federal Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) in evaluating stateshellfish sanitation programs. The fivemajor points on which each state isevaluated by the FDA include:

l. The classification of all actual andpotential shellfish growing areasas to their suitability for shellfishharvesting.

2. The control of the harvesting ofshellfish from areas that areclassified as restricted, prohibitedor otherwise closed.

3. The regulation and supervision ofshellfish resource recoveryprograms.

4. The ability to restrict the harvestof shellfish from areas in a publichealth emergency, and

5. Prevent the sale, shipment orpossession of shellfish that cannotbe identified as being produced inaccordance with the NSSP andhave the ability to condemn, seizeor embargo such shellfish.

FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNAALL AAUUTTHHOORRIITTYY

The authority to carry out thesefunctions is divided between theDepartment of Environmental Protection(DEP), the Department of Health andSenior Services and the Department ofLaw and Public Safety. The Bureau ofMarine Water Monitoring (BMWM)under the authority of N.J.S.A. 58:24classifies the shellfish growing watersand administers the special resourcerecovery programs. Regulationsdelineating the growing areas arepromulgated at N.J.A.C. 7:12 and arerevised annually. Special Permit rulesare also found at N.J.A.C. 7:12 and arerevised as necessary.

The Bureau of Shellfisheries in theDivision of Fish and Wildlife issuesharvesting licenses and leases for

shellfish grounds under the Authority ofN.J.S.A. 50:2 and N.J.A.C. 7:25. Thisbureau administers the Hard Clam RelayProgram in conjunction with theBMWM.

The Bureau of Law Enforcement in theDEP (Division of Fish and Wildlife) andthe Division of State Police in theDepartment of Law and Public Safetyenforce the provisions of the statutes andrules mentioned above.

The Department of Health and SeniorServices is responsible for thecertification of wholesale shellfishestablishments, and in conjunction withthe BMWM, administers the depurationprogram.

4

Figure 1: State of New Jersey Shellfish Agencies

IIMMPPOORRTTAANNCCEE OOFF SSAANNIITTAARRYY CCOONNTTRROOLL OOFF SSHHEELLLLFFIISSHH

Emphasis is placed on the sanitarycontrol of shellfish because of the directrelationship between pollution ofshellfish growing areas and thetransmission of diseases to humans.Shellfish borne infectious diseases aregenerally transmitted via a fecal-oralroute. The pathway is complex andquite circuitous. The cycle usuallybegins with fecal contamination of the

shellfish growing waters. Sources ofsuch contamination are many and varied.Contamination reaches the waterwaysvia runoff and direct discharges.

Clams, oysters and mussels pump largequantities of water through their bodiesduring the normal feeding process.During this process the shellfish alsoconcentrate microorganisms, which may

Land Use Management

5

include pathogenic microbes, and toxicheavy metals and synthetic organiccontaminants. It is imperative that asystem is in place to reduce the humanhealth risk of consuming shellfish fromareas of contamination.

Accurate classifications of shellfishgrowing areas are completed through acomprehensive sanitary survey. Theprincipal components of the sanitarysurvey report include:

? An evaluation of all actual andpotential sources of pollution,

? An evaluation of thehydrography of the area and

? An assessment of water quality.

Complete intensive sanitary surveys areconducted every 12 years with interimnarrative evaluations completed on athree year basis. If major changes to theshoreline or bacterial quality occur, thenthe intensive report is initiated prior toits 12 year schedule.

The following narrative constitutes thisbureau's assessment of the componentslisted above and determines the currentclassification of the shellfish growingwaters.

6

FIGURE 2: CROSS-SECTION OF MERCENARIA MERCENARIA

7

DESCRIPTION

LLOOCCAATTIIOONN

This growing area encompasses theshellfish waters of Sandy Hook Bay andRaritan Bay. The area, located innorthern Monmouth County, NewJersey, extends from the HighlandsBridge northward to Sandy Hook andwestward to the Raritan River. Thedistance from the Highlands Bridge to

the mouth of the Raritan River isapproximately 17 miles. To the norththe area terminates along the New YorkState Boundary Line. The shellfishresources are harvested from an areacovering approximately 7438 acres (11.6square miles) of Special Restrictedshellfish waters.

FIGURE 3: LOCATION OF RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAYS

8

Raritan Bay (22,400 acres) is locatedadjacent to the nation’s most-concentrated urban population. SandyHook Bay (7,680 acres) is located to theeast, is contiguous with, and emptiesinto, Raritan Bay. The area is also shownon Shellfish Growing Water

Classification Chart 1. The ShellfishGrowing Water Classification Charts arepublished annually by the Department ofEnvironmental Protection to providereadily accessible information to thepublic.

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN

Sandy Hook Bay is triangular in shape,and extends from the shore at Leonardo,approximately two miles into the bay.On the southwest side of the triangle isthe Earle Naval Weapons pier. SandyHook borders the eastern side of the bay.This narrow peninsula or spit separatesthe bay from the Atlantic Ocean. At theouter tip of Sandy Hook are FortHancock and the United States CoastGuard installation. The remainder of thepeninsula is part of the GatewayNational Recreation Area. Thecommunities of Highlands, Atlantic

Highlands, and Leonardo border thesouthern shoreline of Sandy Hook Bay.

The waters of Raritan and Sandy HookBays are classified as Special Restrictedor Prohibited for the harvest of shellfish.Clams may be harvested for humanconsumption from Special Restrictedwaters under the Special Permitsprogram. These clams undergo furtherpurification prior to market. Harvest ofshellfish for human consumption is notpermitted in Prohibited waters.

FIGURE 4: SANDY HOOK BAY, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM MT. MITCHELL

9

FIGURE 5: CURRENT CLASSIFICATION OF RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAYS

10

HHIISSTTOORRYY

This area is heavily used during thesummer months for recreationalpurposes. There are numerous marinas(see section discussing marinaactivities). The area has been usedextensively for shellfishing for manyyears. There was a period in the early1970's when the area was classified asProhibited. However, as upgradedregional domestic treatment facilitieswere constructed, water qualitygradually improved. Most of the area iscurrently classified as Special Restricted.

This report recommends upgradingacreage in the area of Flynn’s Knoll(directly west of Sandy Hook). Thisarea is currently classified as Prohibited;the upgrade would classify the area asSpecial Restricted. In addition, it isfeasible that a portion of Sandy HookBay may eventually be upgraded toSeasonally Approved.

The last Sanitary Survey of this area wascompleted in 1999.

METHODS

Water sampling was performed inaccordance with the Field ProceduresManual (NJDEP, 1992).

Approximately 632 water samples werecollected for total and fecal coliformbacteria between May 1, 1997 andOctober 1, 2000 and analyzed by thethree-tube MPN method according toAPHA (1970). Figure 5 shows theShellfish Growing Water Qualitymonitoring stations in Raritan and Sandy

Hook Bays. Approximately 51 stationsare monitored each year.

Water quality sampling, shoreline andwatershed surveys were conducted inaccordance with the NSSP Guide for theControl of Molluscan Shellfish, 1997.

Data management and analysis wasaccomplished using Visual Basicapplications. Geographic analysis anddisplay of data was performed with anArcView? Geographic InformationSystem (GIS).

11

FIGURE 6: SAMPLING STATIONS

12

BBAACCTTEERRIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL IINNVVEESSTTIIGGAATTIIOONN AANNDD DDAATTAA AANNAALLYYSSIISS

The water quality of each growing areamust be evaluated before an area can beclassified as Approved, SeasonallyApproved, Special Restricted, orSeasonal Special Restricted. Criteria for

bacterial acceptability of shellfishgrowing waters are provided in theNSSP Guide for the Control ofMolluscan Shellfish, 1997.

SAMPLING STRATEGY

The State Shellfish Control Authorityhas the option of choosing one of twowater monitoring sampling strategies foreach growing area.

The Adverse Pollution ConditionStrategy requires that a minimum offive samples be collected each yearunder conditions that have historicallyresulted in elevated coliform levels inthe particular growing area. The resultsmust be evaluated by adding theindividual station sample results to thepreexisting bacteriological samplingresults to constitute a data set of at least15 samples for each station. The adversepollution conditions usually are relatedto tide, and rainfall, but could be from a

point source of pollution or variationcould occur during a specific time of theyear.

The Systematic Random SamplingStrategy requires that a randomsampling plan be in place before fieldsampling begins. This strategy can onlybe used in areas that are not affected bypoint sources of contamination. Aminimum of six samples per station areto be collected each year and added tothe database to obtain a sample size of30 for statistical analysis.

The Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays aresampled under the Adverse PollutionCondition of rainfall.

NSSP CRITERIA

Each shellfish producing state is directedto adopt either the total coliformcriterion, or the fecal coliform criterion.While New Jersey bases its growingwater classifications on the totalcoliform criterion, it does makecorresponding fecal coliformdeterminations for each samplingstation. These data are viewed asadjunct information and are not directlyused for classification.

The criteria were developed to ensurethat shellfish harvested from the

designated waters would be free ofpathogenic (disease-producing) bacteria.

Each classification criterion is composedof a measure of the statistical ‘centraltendency’ (geometric mean) and therelative variability of the data set. Forthe Adverse Pollution Conditionsampling strategy, variability isexpressed as the percentage that exceedsthe variability criteria. For theSystematic Random Sampling Strategy,variability is expressed as the 90th

percentile.

13

Areas to be Approved under theSeasonal classification must be sampledand meet the criterion during the time of

the year that it is approved for theharvest of shellfish.

TABLE 1: CRITERIA FOR ADVERSE POLLUTION CONDITION SAMPLING STRATEGY

Total Coliform Criteria Fecal Coliform Criteria

Geometric mean(MPN/100 mL)

No more than10% can exceed(MPN/100 mL)

Geometric mean(MPN/100 mL)

No more than10% can exceed(MPN/100 mL)

Approved WaterClassification 70 330 14 49

Special RestrictedWater

Classification

700 3300 88 300

TABLE 2: CRITERIA FOR SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING STRATEGY

Total Coliform Criteria Fecal Coliform Criteria

Geometric mean(MPN/100 mL)

Maximum 90th

percentile(MPN/100 mL)

Geometric mean(MPN/100 mL)

Maximum 90th

percentile(MPN/100 mL)

Approved WaterClassification 70 330 14 49

Special RestrictedWater

Classification

700 3300 88 300

MMAARRIINNEE BBIIOOTTOOXXIINNSS

The Department collects samples atregular intervals throughout the summerto determine the occurrence ofphytoplankton that can produce marinebiotoxins such as saxitoxin (thecausative agent of paralytic shellfish

poisoning). These data are evaluatedweekly by the Bureau of Marine WaterMonitoring in accordance with the NSSPrequirements. An annual report iscompiled and is available electronicallyat: www.state.nj.us/dep/wmm/bmw.

14

SHORELINE SURVEY

CCHHAANNGGEESS SSIINNCCEE LLAASSTT SSUURRVVEEYY

There were no significant changes in theshoreline in this area since the lastsanitary survey.

EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN OOFF BBIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL RREESSOOUURRCCEESS

Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays containabundant shellfish resources. In 1997 anestimated 32 million clams were takenfrom Raritan and Sandy Hook Baysunder the Special Permit Program(combined relay and depuration) worthin excess of 11 million dollars (Joseph,2001). Table 3 lists the combined relay

and depuration harvest, effort, and catch-per- effort data for Raritan and SandyHook Bays. Designated harvest areasfor the relay and depuration of hard andsoft clams in the Special Restrictedwaters of Raritan and Sandy Hook Baysare shown below.

FIGURE 7: HARD CLAM RESOURCES IN RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAY

15

FIGURE 8: SOFT CLAM RESOURCES IN RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAY

FIGURE 9: MUSSEL AND OYSTER RESOURCES IN RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAY

16

SSPPEECCIIAALL PPEERRMMIITTSS PPRROOGGRRAAMM

Clams harvested from waters classifiedas Special Restricted must be treatedprior to sale for human consumption.Treatment may be through thedepuration program, where clams areheld in tanks in clean water for a periodof time, or the relay program, whereclams are placed in clean water inBarnegat Bay for a period of time. Thisprocess provides sufficient time for theclams to excrete any bacteria that mayhave adhered to the tissue prior toharvest. The James T. White clamdepuration plant is located in Highlands.Another depuration plant, Clean WaterClams, is located to the south of theHighlands Bridge.

The implementation of shellfish resourcerecovery programs is a cooperativeeffort of State agencies involved withshellfish in New Jersey. The programsinclude the issuance of special permits to

utilize bivalve mollusks harvested fromSpecial Restricted waters. The permitscontain special conditions relating to thecollection, bacterial purging, andsubsequent marketing of shellfish takenunder the purview of the program anddeemed necessary to protect publichealth.

Requests by the shellfish industry toutilize the extensive shellfish resourcesfrom the bay waters of NorthernMonmouth County prompted theestablishment of a Shellfish ResourceRecovery Steering Committee. Thecommittee is made up of representativesfrom the Department of EnvironmentalProtection and the Department of Healthand Senior Services, who have theregulatory responsibilities foradministering the shellfish resourceprograms.

17

FIGURE 10: DESIGNATED HARVESTING AREAS IN RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAYS

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TABLE 3: COMBINED RELAY AND DEPURATION HARVEST, EFFORT, AND CATCH PER EFFORT

YEAR HARVEST(# of clams)

EFFORT(Man days)

CATCH/EFFORT(Clams/man/day)

2000 33,527,929 14,496 2,313

1999 37,206,616 14,061 2,646

1998 39,284,830 15,580 2,522

1997 31,865,597 11,636 2,738

1996 30,818,784 11,794 2,613

1995 22,405,868 9,871 2,270

1994 4,589,602 2,127 2,158

FIGURE 11: RELAY AND DEPURATION HARVEST (1994-2000)

Raritan / Sandy Hook BaysRelay and Depuration Harvest

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Har

vest

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Cat

ch /

Uni

t Eff

ort

Harvest*

Effort

Source: New Jersey Division of Fish Game and Wildlife, Bureau of Shellfisheries, Nacote Creek Field Station.

LLAANNDD UUSSEE

The shoreline is well developed withresidential, business, and industrialareas. There are a few forested areasremaining and some inland areas still

devoted to agriculture. The Borough ofHighlands has the highest coastal pointon the East Coast (from Maine toFlorida) with an elevation in excess of

19

260 feet above sea level. Most of SandyHook remains undeveloped as a NationalPark with an active Coast Guard base atthe northern end.

There are 5 municipalities in MiddlesexCounty and 9 municipalities inMonmouth County that adjoin theRaritan / Sandy Hook Bay area. Thearea is relatively densely populated.

FIGURE 12: LAND USE PATTERNS

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TABLE 4 : MUNICIPAL STATISTICS (1990 CENSUS)

1990 CensusMunicipality

Population Density (persons/mi2)

Middlesex County

Woodbridge 93086 3802

Perth Amboy 41976 7033

Sayreville 34986 1866

South Amboy 7863 3026

Old Bridge 56475 1376

Monmouth County

Union Beach 6156 3257

Keansburg 11069 9465

Aberdeen Twp 16720 3257

Hazlet 21976 3820

Keyport 7586 5181

Middletown 68183 1691

Atlantic Highlands 4629 3788

Highlands 4849 6696

Sea Bright 1693 1664

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FIGURE 13: MUNICIPALITIES ADJOINING RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAYS

22

IIDDEENNTTIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN AANNDD EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN OOFF SSOOUURRCCEESS

PERMITTED POINT SOURCES

The Raritan Bay estuary receivesmunicipal and industrial wastes bothdirectly and through the tributary watersof this area.

The Special Restricted shellfish watersdo not receive any permitted dischargesfrom wastewater treatment plants.However, Middlesex County UtilitiesAuthority has a permitted 160 MGDoutfall located in the Prohibited watersof Raritan Bay approximately 3 mileswest of the Special Restricted waters.The peak flow rates from this outfall canexceed 150 MGD. The potentialpathogenic impact of the discharge wasevaluated in 1997 (Sobsey, 1997).

A supplemental outfall is located on thenorthern bank of the Raritan Riveradjacent to the treatment facility. The

outfall is used when the flow is greaterthan 145 MGD. Peak flow from thisoutfall exceeds 150 MGD. In addition,since the permitted flow for the facilityis 160 MGD and the excessive flowsfrequently occur during wet weather,these flows may result in inadequatetreatment.

Monmouth County Bayshore OutfallAuthority (MCBOA) operates aninterceptor that conveys waste treated atBayshore Regional Sewerage Authorityand Middletown Township SewerageAuthority to an outfall located in theAtlantic Ocean approximately 1 mileoffshore.

The potential impacts of thesedischarges are discussed below.

TABLE 5 : DIRECT DISCHARGES TO RARITAN AND SANDY HOOK BAYS

Discharge Waste Type Waste Quantity(MGD)

Middlesex County Utilities Authority Domestic 160 (permitted)

Middlesex County (supplemental outfall) Domestic 150

Bayshore Regional Sewerage Authority Domestic Discharges to MCBOA

Middletown Sewerage Authority Domestic Discharges to MCBOA

Gateway National Recreation Area Domestic 0.15; discharges toground water

International Flavors and Fragrances Industrial No longer discharges

Monmouth County Bayshore Outfall Authority Domestic Discharges to AtlanticOcean

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FIGURE 14: DISCHARGES TO SURFACE WATER, SHOWING EXTENT OF OUTFALL BUFFER

24

Middlesex County Utilities Authority

The Middlesex County facilitydischarges from an H-shaped diffuser inthe western area of Raritan Bay. Thedischarge rate is variable, with highflows during and after precipitationevents. The permitted flow is 160MGD; flows in excess of 200 MGDhave been reported. The Utility alsodischarges during precipitation eventsfrom a supplemental outfall located inthe Raritan River. The flow from thisoutfall may exceed 150 MGD.

It should be noted that MiddlesexCounty uses chlorination to disinfect.Therefore, viral contamination would beminimally affected by treatmentprocesses. In addition, the facilitydischarges numerous heavy metals thatmay contribute to potential exceedancesof the Surface Water Quality Standards.As a consequence, the current Prohibitedarea extends beyond the boundaries ofthe buffer zone shown above, which wascalculated assuming that the facility is incompliance with permit limitations forpathogens. This report summarizes datafor toxicants in shellfish tissue obtained

in the western end of Raritan Bay in theResults section regarding toxicants.

This discharge was also evaluated todetermine potential impacts in the eventthat chlorination facilities were tobecome inoperable. In that case,coliform levels at the boundary of thecurrent Special Restricted area wouldexceed water quality criteria applicableto Special Restricted waters in 12-24hours (depending on ambienttemperature and bacterial die-off) afterthe beginning of the malfunction. (SeeFigures below.)

In addition, as shown in the Resultssection regarding coliform levels in thearea immediately adjacent to the SpecialRestricted area (north and west ofConaskonk Point), it is apparent thatthere is a source of coliform bacteria inthe western part of the Bay thatcontributes to mean coliform levels aswell as coliform level variability. Inspite of this, the stations sampled in thearea currently meet Special Restrictedcriteria.

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FIGURE 15: TIME OF TRAVEL FOR WINTER DISCHARGE OF UNCHLORINATED EFFLUENT

The blue line indicates anticipatedcoliform levels at Union Beach if bothoutfalls are discharging at maximumpermitted flow for 24 hours. The greenline indicates anticipated coliform levelsat Union Beach if the normal outfalllocated in western Raritan Bay isdischarging at maximum permitted flowfor 24 hours. The red line indicatescoliform levels if the total discharge of260 MG is spread over a four-day

period. This scenario is unlikely.During winter months, when thetemperature is low, coliform levelsexceeding 500 MPN/100 mL would beanticipated within 12 hours of thebeginning of the discharge. During thewinter months, clams are relativelyinactive and this provides sufficient timeto suspend harvest in the area in theevent of a chlorination malfunction.

26

FIGURE 16: TIME OF TRAVEL FOR FALL / SPRING DISCHARGE OF UNCHLORINATED EFFLUENT

The blue line indicates anticipatedcoliform levels at Union Beach if bothoutfalls are discharging at maximumpermitted flow for 24 hours. The greenline indicates anticipated coliform levelsat Union Beach if the normal outfalllocated in western Raritan Bay isdischarging at maximum permitted flowfor 24 hours. The red line indicatescoliform levels if the total discharge of260 MG is spread over a four-day

period. This scenario is unlikely.During winter months, when thetemperature is low, coliform levelsexceeding 400 MPN/100 mL would beanticipated within 24 hours of thebeginning of the discharge. At atemperature of 10oC, the clams aremoderately active, but 24 hours issufficient time to suspend harvest in theevent of a chlorination malfunction.

27

FIGURE 17: TIME OF TRAVEL FOR SUMMER DISCHARGE OF UNCHLORINATED EFFLUENT

The blue line indicates anticipatedcoliform levels at Union Beach if bothoutfalls are discharging at maximumpermitted flow for 24 hours. The greenline indicates anticipated coliform levelsat Union Beach if the normal outfalllocated in western Raritan Bay isdischarging at maximum permitted flowfor 24 hours. The red line indicates

coliform levels if the total discharge of260 MG is spread over a four-dayperiod. This scenario is unlikely.During winter months, when thetemperature is low, coliform levelsexceeding 500 MPN/100 mL would beanticipated within 24 hours of thebeginning of the discharge.

Monmouth County Bayshore Outfall Authority

MCBOA (a non-profit organization)operates the pipeline system to transmitsecondary treated effluent fromtreatment plants in Union Beach(Bayshore Regional Sewage Authority)and Belford (Middletown SewageAuthority) for disposal into the Atlantic

Ocean. The pipeline serves 12municipalities. The communitiesinclude Atlantic Highlands, Highlands,Middletown, Holmdel, part of Marlboroand Colts Neck, Union Beach, Hazlet,Keansburg, Matawan Borough,Matawan Township and Keyport.

28

The pipeline is a force main designed in1970 to meet the sewage disposal needsof the region to the year 2000 with adesign flow for 28 MGD. It isconstructed of reinforced concrete pipeand steel. Pump stations located atUnion Beach and Belford have largeretention basins used to attenuate peakflows and even out daily flow variations.Numerous inspection chambers areprovided for adequate maintenance.Emergency pumps and electricalgenerators are maintained at each pumpstation. The pipeline is 74,000 feet longand follows the former rail bed of theCentral Railroad of New Jersey,extending from Union Beach to a point4,000 feet into the Atlantic Ocean offSandy Hook. It passes under SandyHook Bay just north of the HighlandsBridge (Figure 13).

In 1973 the Middletown plant beganpumping effluent to the line at a rate offive MGD. In 1974 the Union Beachplant began pumping to the line at a rateof two MGD. Both facilities wererecently upgraded and expanded toaccommodate additional tie-ins. Eachpresently pumps at the rate ofapproximately 15-17 MGD under dryweather conditions.

Since the last report in 1999, the pipelinewas rehabilitated and repaired. Duringthe repair period, treated effluent wasdischarged at the treatment facilitieslocated in Belford and Union Beach intoRaritan Bay. Since the completion ofthe rehabilitation project in February1999, there have been no failures in thepump stations leading to a discharge ofeffluent into Raritan Bay.

Facilities at Sandy Hook

The National Park Service operates arecently upgraded wastewater treatmentfacility on park property. The planthandles approximately 150,000 gallonsper day. The plant provides tertiarytreatment with treated effluentdischarged to infiltration beds. Thefacility is well maintained, with noevidence of overland discharges into theBay. There are no surface waterdischarges. All buildings on theNational Park property are connected tothe sanitary sewer line. A few remote

beach areas still use portable toiletsduring the summer months.

Sanitary wastewater generated at theCoast Guard Station on Sandy Hook ishandled by the National Park Service’streatment facility. The Park Service alsoservices the collection lines. CoastGuard vessels have portable toilets orholding tanks. There are no wastewaterdischarges associated with waterfrontactivities.

Facilities at the Earle Naval Station

The naval docking facilities at the EarleNaval Pier extend approximately 2 milesinto Sandy Hook Bay. There are nodischarges from the pier operation oralong the adjacent shoreline. Sanitarywastes are pumped from holding tankson docked ships to a pipeline connected

to the Middletown Township facility atBelford. Bilge water from docked shipsis pumped to railroad tank cars andtransported to an oil-water separator.Processed wastewater then goes to thesanitary line.

29

International Flavor and Fragrances Facility

The International Flavor and Fragrancesplant located between Union Beach andKeansburg, along the eastern side ofEast Creek is no longer operated as amanufacturing facility. The companynow uses it as a warehouse. The small

amount of wastewater now generatedgoes directly to the sanitary sewer lineand then to the wastewater treatmentplant. Shellfish waters at the mouth ofEast Creek are classified as Prohibitedwaters.

BUFFERS AROUND OUTFALLS

The National Shellfish SanitationProgram requires establishment ofProhibited areas adjacent to outfallsfrom domestic sewage treatmentfacilities. The Prohibited area ensuresthat pathogens will not contaminate theresource used for human consumption.The size of the Prohibited buffer zonemust consider the followingcharacteristics:

? Pollution Conditions? Flow rate, treatment facility

performance, location of theshellfish resource

? Dispersion, dilution, and time oftravel

? Current velocity and net transportvelocity; volume of water; depthof receiving water; direction oftravel; stratification; location ofdischarge; tidal characteristics;receiving water geometry

? Pathogen die-off rate? Bacteriological quality required

in adjacent waters? Adjacent harvest use

classifications

? Identifiable landmarks

These factors account for the presence ofcontaminants in the effluent, the waterquality that must be maintained toprotect human health, and the relativedispersion available in the vicinity of theoutfall.

Calculated buffer zones for the permitteddischarge from Middlesex CountyUtilities Authority located at the westernend of Raritan Bay and the overflowpoints for Monmouth County BayshoreOutfall Authority are shown in Figure 13and discussed below. The buffer zonefor Middlesex County Outfall Authorityis based on the effluent plume studycompleted by the Authority as acondition of the NJPDES permit. Whiledischarges from the MCBOA overflowpoints occurred frequently prior to therehabilitation project completed in 1999,there have been no significant dischargesreported since the completion of therepair project.

Contaminants

Effluent from wastewater treatmentfacilities contains a variety ofcontaminants. Historically, the emphasisof the shellfish program has focused on

bacteriological contamination. Indicatororganisms (usually coliform bacteria) areused to assess the likelihood of pathogencontamination. While these indicator

30

organisms are not in themselvespathogenic, or disease-producing, theyare found in human waste in similarnumbers to organisms that can causedisease. Disinfection processes such aschlorination kill these bacteria.

Wastewater treatment facility effluentmay also include viral particles. Viruses

are usually not killed by chlorination.Effluent may also contain varioustoxicants, such as heavy metals or othercontaminants. While some of thesetoxicants may be partially removed byconventional treatment, othercontaminants remain in the effluentdischarged to the receiving water.

Size of the Buffer Zone

The level of treatment and the specifictreatment processes provided by thewastewater facility affect the size of theProhibited zone established in thevicinity of the outfall. If disinfection isprovided by chlorination, the size isadjusted to account for:

? The reliability record of theparticular facility based on datasubmitted by the facility, and

? The likelihood of viralcontamination, which isunaffected by chlorination.

The Prohibited area is also adjusted toallow for dispersion of contaminatedwater in the event that the disinfectionprocess at the facility becomesinoperable. Thus the area could beadjusted based on factors such asinstallation of alarm systems and/orround-the-clock staffing at the facility.

Middlesex County Utilities Authority

The Middlesex County facilitydischarges from an H-shaped diffuser inthe western area of Raritan Bay. Thedischarge rate is variable, with highflows during and after precipitationevents. The permitted flow is 160MGD; flows in excess of 200 MGDhave frequently been reported. TheUtility also discharges duringprecipitation events from a supplementaloutfall located in the Raritan River.

In 1989 the Utilities Authoritycompleted an effluent plume study as acondition of the NJPDES permit issuedto the facility. The study consisted of adye study and computer modeling.Based on that study, the effluent israpidly diluted by a factor ofapproximately 15 due to buoyant mixing

at the outfall location. Subsequent tothat initial dilution, the plume moves tothe southeast in the dominant ebb-tidecurrent with minimal additional dilutiondue to dispersion. Since the primary ebbcurrent then moves toward the northeast,it appears that the effluent plume movesprimarily in the vicinity of the majorshipping channel where the water isdeeper and the current is stronger.However, as can be seen from thehydrographic information, thecirculation in Raritan Bay is notstraightforward and the concomitantmixing and dilution of the effluent isaccordingly complex.

The study completed by MiddlesexCounty Utilities Authority extended onlyfor a short distance beyond the outfall.

31

Figure 14 shows the area of the studyand the best estimate of the Bureau ofMarine Water Monitoring of the areaimpacted by the Middlesex Countyeffluent plume under normal operatingconditions.

It should be noted that MiddlesexCounty uses chlorination to disinfect.Therefore, viral contamination would beminimally affected by treatmentprocesses. In addition, the facilitydischarges numerous heavy metals withthe potential to cause exceedances of theSurface Water Quality Standards.

Monmouth County Bayshore Outfall Authority

Domestic waste treated at the BayshoreUtilities Authority in Union Beach andat the Middletown Sewerage Authorityin Belford is discharged to theMonmouth County Bayshore OutfallAuthority and then conveyed to apermitted outfall in the Atlantic Ocean.The permitted outfall is locatedapproximately 1 mile offshore. Theinterceptor owned by the OutfallAuthority was constructed between1970-1973. Significant rehabilitation ofthe line was completed in 1999.

In the event of an unpermitted dischargeat either Belmar or Union Beach,shellfish harvesting is suspended inRaritan Bay. The extent of the affectedshellfish beds is shown in Figure 13.Some beds are closed if the discharge

occurs in the Union Beach vicinity;others are closed if the discharge occursin the Belford vicinity. The extent of thearea affected is dependent on thefollowing variables:

? The known variability of effluentbacteriological quality (based oneffluent data submitted by thefacility as a part of DischargeMonitoring Reports),

? The volume of effluent,? Prevailing wind direction and

velocity during the time of thedischarge,

? The depth of the receiving water,and

? The tidal currents.

STORMWATER DISCHARGE

Numerous storm water outfalls havebeen mapped in this area. Most of thestorm water discharges to creeks. Someoutfalls discharge directly into theRaritan and Sandy Hook Bays.Although stormwater runoff influenceswater quality in Raritan and Sandy HookBays, the estuaries (particularly RaritanBay) are also influenced by numerousother waterways and discharges fromoutside the growing area. Raritan Baycan also be influenced by Sandy HookBay since the net flow is outward into

the Raritan Bay and Lower New YorkHarbor .

Street flooding in the communities ofKeansburg, Union Beach, Middletownand Hazlet is alleviated by the BayshoreFloodgate. This floodgate is located atthe junction of Thorns Creek andWaackaack Creek. This flood controlproject consists of a 50 ton dam that canbe closed to prevent high tides of theRaritan Bay from flooding low-lyingareas. Three to four miles of earthen

32

berms were constructed to work inconjunction with the floodgate. Fourdiesel pumps each capable of 200gallons per minute can be used to lowerwater levels behind the dam. Thecommunities mentioned above all diverttheir stormwater discharges into the twocreeks. The facility is operated by the

New Jersey Department ofEnvironmental Protection. The facilityuses a septic system to handle theirwastewater. No problems are reportedwith the operation of this septic system.Shellfish waters at the mouth of theWaackaack Creek are classified asProhibited waters.

FIGURE 18: STORM WATER OUTFALL LOCATIONS

33

INPUT FROM SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE

There are 11 creeks that are locatedbetween Conaskonk Point and Highlandsthat discharge directly to the SpecialRestricted waters of Raritan / SandyHook Bay. From west to east the creeksare named as follows; Chingarora Creek(ditched extension), Flat Creek (UnionBeach), East Creek, Thorns Creek,Waackaack Creek, un-named creek

(Keansburg), Pews Creek (Ideal Beach),Compton Creek (Belford Harbor), WareCreek (Earle Pier), Wagner Creek(Leonardo), Many Mind Creek (AtlanticHighlands). All of these streams can beconsidered as minor tributaries to thebay waters. Each of them receivesstormwater runoff from areas located tothe north and south of Route 36.

The Bureau ofMarine WaterMonitoring samplesthe bay waters nearthe mouths of severalof these creeks. (Thesampling stationswere added in 1999.)There is insufficientdata for evaluation atthis time.

FIGURE 19:FRESHWATER INPUTS TORARITAN / SANDY HOOKBAYS

34

INDIRECT DISCHARGES

There are numerous other potentialsources of contamination, primarily fromvarious sites identified for remediationprocedures. Most of these are gasolineservice stations located at some distancefrom the Bay that have had leakage of

petroleum products into the soilsurrounding storage tanks. There is noevidence that these products havereached the bay or that they havesignificantly impacted shellfishresources in the Bay.

FIGURE 20: INDIRECT DISCHARGES

35

MARINAS

Marina facilities have the potential toaffect the suitability of shellfish growingareas for the harvest of shellfish. Thebiological and chemical contaminationassociated with marina facilities may beof public health significance. NewJersey defines a marina as "any structure(docks, piers, bulkheads, floating docks,etc.) that supports five or more boats,built on or near the water, which isutilized for docking, storing, orotherwise mooring vessels and usuallybut not necessarily provides services tovessels such as repairing, fueling,security or other related activities" anddesignates the confines of the marina as

Prohibited for the harvest of shellfish.Adjacent waters are classified using adilution analysis formula.

It is recognized by the NSSP Guide forthe Control of Molluscan Shellfish,1997, that there are significant regionaldifferences in all factors that affectmarina pollutant loading. The manualtherefore allows each state latitude inapplying specified occupancy anddischarge rates. The NSSP guidelinesassume the worst case scenario for eachfactor.

EQUATION 1 :MARINA BUFFER EQUATION. (ADAPTED FROM FDA. 1989):

Explanation of terms in equation:Fecal coliform per person per day: 2 x 10 9

Number of people per boat: 2For slips able to accommodate boats > 24 feet (combination of factors yields multiplier of 0.25):

Number of slips occupied: 50%Number of boats occupied: 50%

For boats < 24': 6.5% discharge wasteAngle of shoreline: 180o, which results in factor of 2Number of tides per day: 2Depth in meters: depth in feet x conversion factorWater quality to be achieved: 140000 FC/meter 3

Convert meters to feet: 3.28

Marina buffer zones may be calculatedusing the formula above, or may bedetermined using a dilution analysiscomputer program developed by theState of Virginia and the USFDA. Theformula above considers only dilutionand occupancy rates. The computerprogram, which is used for complexconfigurations where the formula isunlikely to provide the needed accuracy,also considers tidal exchange andbacterial die-off.

There are 28 marinas adjoining theRaritan and Sandy Hook Bays, as shownin Table 6. The marinas are located onthe southern shore of the Bay. Thewaters enclosed by the marina areclassified as Prohibited; depending onthe size of the marina and the waterquality, water immediately adjacent toeach marina may be classified asProhibited, Special Restricted, orSeasonally Approved (no harvest duringsummer months when the marina is

)/(28.3)/(2)/(3048.0)()/(140000

2)]'24065.0()'2425[(.)/(2)//(102)( 3

9

MftxdaytidesxxftMxftdepthxMFC

xslipsslipsxboatpersonxdaypersonFCxftusBufferRadi

??????

36

active). Marina buffer zones werecalculated using the formula given

above. The size of each buffer zone isshown in the table below.

FIGURE 21: BOAT BASIN AT BELFORD

37

FIGURE 22 : MARINA FACILITIES LOCATED IN RARITAN AND SANDY HOOK BAYS

38

TABLE 6: MARINAS LOCATED IN THE RARITAN / SANDY HOOK BAYS

MAPKEY

MARINA NUMBER OFSLIPS

BUFFERZONE (ft)

1 Keyport Public Dock 100 (est) 1267

2 Captains Cove Marina 45 595

3 Braun’s Landing 14 344

4 Lentz Marina 50 (est) 818

5 Waackaack Marina 82 730

6 Abandoned,Waackaack Cr 0 0

7 Monmouth Cove Marina, (County) 127 942

8 Middletown Public Dock 100 (est) 1267

9 Belford Commercial Fishing Fleet 10 (est) 366

10 Leonardo State Marina 179 1151

11 Wagners 50 (est) 896

12 Sandy Hook Catamaran Club 50 (est) 457

13 Blackfoot 100 (est) 896

14 Skips Place 50 (est) 896

15 Atlantic Highlands Bait & Tackle 16 236

16 Atlantic Highlands Yacht Club 50 (est) 896

17 Atlantic Highlands Municipal Marina 518 2134

18 Sandy Hook Bay Marina 85 832

19 Captains Cove 25 (est) 634

20 Marina on the Bay 85 832

21 Clam Hut Restaurant 24 450

22 Highlands Condo 18 250

23 Schute Sea Tow 22 250

24 Cottrell’s 50 (est) 818

25 Gateway Marina 154 1270

26 Schupp’s Landing 38 432

27 Bahr’s Landing/COZ Seas Marina 30 500

28 Moby’s 20 300

39

DREDGING PROJECTS

There are numerous dredging projectsproposed by the Corps of Engineers(COE) in the Port Newark, Newark Bay,Hackensack River, Raritan RiverChannel, Arthur Kill, Kill Van Kull, and

Port Jersey areas. The Corps hasproposed locating a dredge spoils site inNew York State waters (adjacent to NewJersey waters) at Flynn’s Knoll.

LANDFILLS

Two closed landfills are located alongthe shoreline in Keyport and Belford.Both landfills extend to the shoreline ofthe bays. Both landfills appear tooccupy areas formerly covered bywetlands and tidal marsh deposits. Theelevation of each landfill isapproximately 10 feet above sea level.The landfill in Keyport operated underthe name of WDI . This was a privatelandfill that was closed in 1979. The

landfill located in Belford, MiddletownTownship was also a private landfill thatclosed in 1977. Monmouth Countycurrently owns it and intends to developthe property into a ferry site. Noproblems have been reported at eitherlandfill that would impact marine waterquality (Chojnacki, 1998). Groundwatersampling from the landfills is notrequired because they closed prior to1982.

OTHER POTENTIAL INPUTS

A coal gasification plant was locatedalong the banks of Many Mind Creek inAtlantic Highlands many years ago. Theenvironmental impact (if any) of thisabandoned site on the marine waters ofSandy Hook Bay and shellfish resourcesof the area is unknown. It should benoted that the New Jersey Department ofEnvironmental Protection SiteRemediation Program has not verifiedthat any known or abandonedcontaminated waste sites directly impactthe marine waters or the shellfishresources of the Bay.

There are numerous identified siteslisted as “Known Contaminated Sites” or“Toxic Release Inventory Sites”.However, there is no evidence toindicate that any of these sites adverselyimpact the shellfish waters at this time.Likewise, the identified discharges toground water are not located adjacent tothe Bay and there is no evidence that anyof those permitted discharges adverselyimpact shellfish waters at this time.

The area is not adversely impacted byagricultural practices, livestock orwildlife populations.

40

SPILLS OR OTHER UNPERMITTED DISCHARGES

There have been no significantunpermitted discharges in this area since

the MCBOA pipeline was rehabilitatedin 1999.

FIGURE 23: SPILLS OR OTHER UNPERMITTED DISCHARGES (STATEWIDE, 1995-1999)

41

HYDROGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY

CCIIRRCCUULLAATTIIOONN

Hydrographic studies have found that themixing of fresh water from Raritan Riverand saltwater from lower bay creates a large,slow moving counter-clockwise circulationpattern with much back-and-forth movementwithin Raritan Bay. Fresh water enteringthe bay from the Raritan River has a netmovement toward the ocean of about 500yards a day. Therefore, it takes 16 to 21 daysfor the bay to flush itself (Bennett, 1983).Tidal action represents a major influence inthe distribution of pollutants in the estuary,with a mean tidal range of 1.5 meters (5feet). Tidal current and flow velocity chartsfor the New York Harbor area, includingRaritan and Sandy Hook Bays, are depictedin the following figures published by the

U.S. Department of Commerce (NOAA,1956).

The primary flow pattern from the mouth ofthe Raritan River toward the Atlantic Oceanis southeast toward Union Beach and then tothe northeast along the southern edge ofStaten Island. This flow pattern roughlyfollows the established shipping channel.

The primary flow pattern from theShrewsbury and Navesink Rivers is from themouth of the Shrewsbury near Highlands inthe northwesterly direction somewhatparallel to the southern edge of Sandy HookBay and then along the western edge ofSandy Hook.

42

FIGURE 24: TIDAL CURRENTS DURING EBB TIDE

43

FIGURE 25: TIDAL CURRENTS DURING FLOOD TIDE

44

PPAATTTTEERRNNSS OOFF PPRREECCIIPPIITTAATTIIOONN

Precipitation patterns in the coastal areasof New Jersey are typical of the Mid-Atlantic coastal region. Typical summerstorms are localized storms associated

with thunderstorms. Winter storms arefrequently associated with northeasters.Hurricanes can occur during the summerand early fall.

AAnnnnuuaall AAvveerraaggee NNuummbbeerr ooff SSttoorrmmss 60

Average Storm Event Duration 10 hours

Average Storm Event Intensity 0.08 – 0.09inches/hour

Average Storm Event Volume 0.65 inches

TABLE 7: AVERAGE MID-ATLANTIC STORM EVENT INFORMATION. SOURCES: USEPA; US DEPARTMENT OFCOMMERCE

Although the average storm event lastsapproximately 10 hours, with anaccumulation of 0.65 inches, it is notunusual for an individual storm volume tobe 2 – 3 inches. Note the data below thatshows the 2-year return for a 6-hour storm

event to be between two and three inches,while the 2-year 24-hour return volumevaries between three and 4 inches. Stormvolumes greater than approximately 3.5 –4.0 inches are much less frequent.

TABLE 8: STORM EVENT VOLUME FOR 2-YEAR STORM EVENT RECURRENCE (SOURCE: USGS)

LLooccaattiioonn 2-Year, 1-HourRainfall

2-Year, 6-HourRainfall

2-Year, 24-HourRainfall

Millville 1.33 2.33 3.02

Cape May 1.33 2.41 3.10

Atlantic City 1.47 2.67 3.65

Long Branch 1.55 3.02 4.15

Newark 1.21 2.34 3.25

Sandy Hook 1.37 2.73 3.68

The duration and volume of storm eventscan also be depicted as frequencyhistograms. This graphical depiction

(shown below for 1981-1997) providesinsight into the frequency for storm eventsof a given size or duration.

45

FIGURE 26: STORM EVENT FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM (1981-1997) (SOURCE: NOAA CLIMATIC DATA)

PPRREECCIIPPIITTAATTIIOONN

Precipitation records for the periodcovered by this report are shown below.There have been no significant changesin hydrography since the last report. Theprimary weather station is Sandy Hook.The secondary weather station isNewark International Airport. Thesecondary station is used when data fromthe primary station is incomplete. Since1995, the primary station has beenNewark. For the period of time coveredby this report approximately 50% of therainfall data was from NewarkInternational Airport.

Normally, the Bureau determines ifsampling stations show increasing MPNvalues with rainfall using an analysis ofcorrelation coefficients. Correlationanalysis looks at paired observations(total coliform MPN and rainfallamounts) and assesses whether, on

average, one variable increases ordecreases as the other variable increases.

Evaluation of rainfall data for the periodof time covered by this report does notshow an increase in MPN values withincreasing rainfall within 48 hours priorto sampling.

However, since all samples wereobtained after rainfall, (i.e., there wereno dry weather samples), it is unlikelythat a significant correlation betweenprecipitation and coliform MPN valuewould be found. Typically, such acorrelation can be demonstrated onlywhen samples are obtained undervarying conditions, including dryweather, after storms of low intensityand/or duration, and after storms of highintensity and/or duration.

Cumulative Precipitation Frequency

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0.01 - 0.49 0.5 - 0.99 1.0 - 1.49 1.5 - 1.99 2.0 - 2.49 2.5 - 2.99 3.0 - 4.99 > 5.0

Precipitation Range

46

TABLE 9: CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

Sampling Date RAINFALL AMOUNT NOAA WSO StationNumber

Day ofSampling

Day ofSampling +Day Before

Day ofSampling + 2Days Before

5/8/1997 0 0.2 0.28 7865

8/26/1997 0 0 0 7865

2/19/1998 0 0 0 7865

2/26/1998 0 0 0.23 7865

3/10/1998 0 0.13 3.08 7865

3/16/1998 0 0 0.11 7865

3/23/1998 0 0.04 0.39 7865

4/3/1998 0 0 0.47 7865

6/24/1998 0 0.03 0.035 7865

1/19/1999 1.17 1.34 1.34 7865

1/20/1999 0 1.17 1.34 7865

1/26/1999 0.1 0.99 0.99 7865

3/2/1999 0 0 0 7865

3/30/1999 0 0 0 7865

5/25/1999 0.95 1.08 1.2 7865

6/15/1999 0 0 0.05 7865

6/22/1999 0.18 0.71 0.71 7865

7/20/1999 0.35 0.35 0.35 7865

3/1/2000 0 0 0.08 7865

3/23/2000 7865

3/29/2000 7865

6/8/2000 7865

7/27/2000 0.14 3.11 3.96 7865

47

WATER QUALITY STUDIES

SSAAMMPPLLIINNGG SSTTAATTIIOONNSS

A total of 632 water samples (261 in thesummer and 371 in the winter) from 51stations were analyzed for total coliform(TC) and fecal coliform (FC) bacteriaduring the period May 1, 1997 throughOctober 1, 2000. This period wasselected to provide a minimum of 15data points for a year-round analysis.The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (USEPA) and theInterstate Sanitation Commission (ISC)provided valuable assistance in sampleanalysis and sample collection. The ISCperformed numerous sampling runs forthis report. Samples are collected underthe adverse pollution condition ofrainfall.

BBAACCTTEERRIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL QQUUAALLIITTYY

COMPLIANCE WITH NSSP CRITERIA

Most sampling stations, except for thoselocated in the eastern portion of SandyHook Bay exceed approved criteria.There are several stations located to thenorth and west of the area currentlyclassified as Special Restricted whereinsufficient data have been collected touse for classification. However, datafrom those stations are consistent withthe Special Restricted classification andgenerally exceed the Approved criteria.

All sampling stations comply with theNSSP Special Restricted criteria.

A similar pattern can be seen for winterdata, although there are numeroussampling stations with insufficient datato evaluate for classification. Waterquality is generally best in the easternportion of Sandy Hook Bay, adjacent toSandy Hook. It should be noted that thisarea seems to be well-flushed, as theprimary ebb flow pattern from the

Navesink and Shrewsbury Rivers isalong the western edge of Sandy Hook.

Based on these data, it may be possiblein the future to upgrade an area in theeastern portion of Sandy Hook Bay toSeasonally Approved after additionaldata are collected during the winter afterrainfall.

Based on these data, the primarysource(s) of coliform contamination inthe Raritan and Sandy Hook Baysappears to be located in the western areaof Raritan Bay. (See the figures belowdepicting the data as interpolatedsurfaces.) This pattern is evident in theconcentration data, both year-round andseasonal, as well as in the datavariability. Note that stations located inwestern Raritan Bay and some portionsof Flynn’s Knoll had insufficient data toevaluate for compliance. Data fromFlynn’s Knoll and the area immediately

48

to the west of Conaskonk Point wereconsistent with the Special Restricted

classification.

FIGURE 27: SAMPLING STATIONS EXCEEDING APPROVED CRITERIA – YEARROUND

49

FIGURE 28: TOTAL COLIFORM LEVELS (YEARROUND)

50

FIGURE 29: TOTAL COLIFORM VARIABILITY (YEARROUND)

51

FIGURE 30: STATIONS EXCEEDING APPROVED CRITERIA DURING THE WINTER

52

FIGURE 31: TOTAL COLIFORM LEVELS (WINTER)

53

FIGURE 32: TOTAL COLIFORM LEVELS (SUMMER)

54

TABLE 10 : WATER QUALITY SUMMARY (5/1/1997 – 10/1/2000)

Station Yearround Summer Winter

GeometricMean

% >330

N GeometricMean

% >330

N GeometricMean

% >330

N

10 67.2 42.9% 7 37.1 50.0% 2 85.3 40.0% 5

18 348.9 57.1% 7 179.6 50.0% 2 455.0 60.0% 5

20 354.8 42.9% 7 319.8 50.0% 2 369.8 40.0% 5

20A 432.7 57.1% 7 406.2 50.0% 2 443.7 60.0% 5

21 280.3 57.1% 7 310.8 50.0% 2 269.0 60.0% 5

23 278.6 42.9% 7 234.9 0.0% 2 298.2 60.0% 5

24A 133.8 37.5% 16 40.2 20.0% 5 231.2 45.5% 11

26A 86.2 31.3% 16 18.4 0.0% 5 173.6 45.5% 11

28 71.9 33.3% 15 22.7 0.0% 4 109.3 45.5% 11

29A 108.6 31.3% 16 21.3 0.0% 5 227.7 45.5% 11

33A 29.6 14.3% 7 14.4 25.0% 4 77.7 0.0% 3

36 38.6 20.0% 15 14.5 14.3% 7 90.9 25.0% 8

38 25.4 20.0% 15 11.7 14.3% 7 50.2 25.0% 8

43 29.4 20.0% 15 10.1 14.3% 7 74.7 25.0% 8

47 57.0 12.5% 8 37.1 0.0% 3 73.8 20.0% 5

49A 44.6 12.5% 16 18.6 0.0% 7 87.8 22.2% 9

5 31.5 16.7% 6 54.0 33.3% 3 18.3 0.0% 3

50 63.4 25.0% 16 16.6 0.0% 5 116.7 36.4% 11

56 206.3 50.0% 16 117.7 40.0% 5 266.2 54.5% 11

58 119.1 28.6% 7 29.4 0.0% 2 208.5 40.0% 5

61A 90.1 33.3% 15 19.2 0.0% 5 195.2 50.0% 10

62 56.3 31.3% 16 14.8 0.0% 5 103.2 45.5% 11

63B 47.0 25.0% 16 9.2 0.0% 5 98.6 36.4% 11

7 18.9 14.3% 7 23.1 25.0% 4 14.4 0.0% 3

73 25.5 13.3% 15 14.1 14.3% 7 42.9 12.5% 8

78 26.9 26.7% 15 11.7 14.3% 7 56.0 37.5% 8

86A 44.5 18.8% 16 21.6 0.0% 5 61.8 27.3% 11

88A 34.7 20.0% 15 6.6 0.0% 5 79.2 30.0% 10

906A 11.6 7.1% 14 26.7 14.3% 7 5.1 0.0% 7

906B 7.3 0.0% 15 11.2 0.0% 7 5.0 0.0% 8

55

Station Yearround Summer Winter

GeometricMean

% >330

N GeometricMean

% >330

N GeometricMean

% >330

N

906C 5.6 0.0% 15 4.6 0.0% 7 6.7 0.0% 8

907 10.5 0.0% 14 19.5 0.0% 7 5.7 0.0% 7

908 12.4 0.0% 13 15.1 0.0% 6 10.4 0.0% 7

908C 8.0 0.0% 15 5.8 0.0% 7 10.5 0.0% 8

910 15.5 0.0% 5 43.0 0.0% 1 12.1 0.0% 4

910A 18.2 0.0% 8 19.5 0.0% 5 16.1 0.0% 3

910E 11.0 6.7% 15 4.9 0.0% 7 22.1 12.5% 8

911 9.0 0.0% 7 6.4 0.0% 4 14.2 0.0% 3

911A 11.2 0.0% 7 8.0 0.0% 4 17.4 0.0% 3

912 12.3 0.0% 13 8.7 0.0% 6 16.4 0.0% 7

914 12.9 7.7% 13 8.0 0.0% 6 19.5 14.3% 7

914D 14.7 0.0% 14 8.7 0.0% 7 24.8 0.0% 7

916A 27.6 12.5% 16 11.2 14.3% 7 55.7 11.1% 9

916C 14.2 13.3% 15 6.4 0.0% 6 24.2 22.2% 9

916D 20.6 6.3% 16 14.3 14.3% 7 27.4 0.0% 9

918 22.0 13.3% 15 12.5 14.3% 7 36.2 12.5% 8

93A 21.1 6.7% 15 7.8 0.0% 7 50.4 12.5% 8

97A 43.2 12.5% 16 26.7 14.3% 7 62.8 11.1% 9

97B 24.4 12.5% 16 13.6 14.3% 7 38.5 11.1% 9

98 25.2 14.3% 7 20.2 0.0% 4 33.8 33.3% 3

98A 18.2 14.3% 7 24.9 25.0% 4 11.9 0.0% 3

TotalSamples

632 261 371

TIDAL AND SEASONAL EFFECTS

There are no stations that show asignificant tidal or seasonal effect.

In many cases, coliform levels forsamples collected on the ebb tide aregreater than levels for samples collectedon the flood tide. It should be noted thatsamples are collected on the ebb tide tothe extent possible.

Differences between summer and wintervalues were not statistically significant,due in part to the variability of coliformlevels.

56

RAINFALL EFFECTS

Non-point source pressures on shellfishbeds in New Jersey originate in materialsthat enter the water via stormwater.These materials include bacteria, as wellas other waste that enters the stormwatercollection system.

Historical data comparing the differencebetween fecal coliform levels measuredafter rainfall with those during dryperiods were compared to generate themap below. The Bureau of MarineWater Monitoring has begun to identifyparticular storm water outfalls thatdischarge excessive bacteriological loadsduring storm events. In some cases,specific discharge points can beidentified. When specific outfalls areidentified as significant sources, theDepartment works with the county andmunicipality to further define thesource(s) of the contamination andimplement remediation activities.

It should be noted that a particular short-term data set may not indicate significantrainfall effects even if the historical dataindicate that a significant effect occurs ina particular area. This is due to one ormore of the following factors:

Data during the short term may consistof primarily rainfall data or dry weatherdata. In this case, if there areinsufficient data points in each category,the test for significance cannot be done.

Data collected after rainfall in thenormal sampling regime may miss theeffects of the ‘first flush’.

Rainfall data is based on the closestestablished NOAA station. Sincerainfall patterns along the coastline,particularly during the summer months,tend to include locally heavy rainfall, therainfall amounts recorded at the NOAAstation may not accurately reflect therainfall at the sampling station(s).

Based on this data set, there are severalstations that show a statisticallysignificant correlation of coliform levelwith rainfall. Since samples arecollected in this area only after rainfall,it is unlikely that a statistical relationshipwould be shown from this data set.However, there are several stations thattend to show a rainfall impact, withincreasing levels of coliform bacteriaafter rainfall, as shown below.

57

FIGURE 33 : AREAS IMPACTED BY RAINFALL(STATEWIDE)

58

FIGURE 34: STATIONS TENDING TO SHOW ARAINFALL IMPACT

59

RREELLAATTEEDD SSTTUUDDIIEESSNOAA MUSSEL WATCH PROGRAM

In 1986, the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA)National Status and Trends Programinitiated the Mussel Watch Project.NOAA has annually collected andanalyzed mussels and oysters from 276sites around the coastal and estuarinewaters of the United States. Of these,125 sites (46%) are within 20 km ofurban areas. It should be noted that boththe blue mussel and the oysteraccumulate most toxicants at a higherrate than either hard or soft clams, sothat tissue concentrations in thosespecies would ordinarily be higher thanconcentrations in clam tissue sampled inthe same area.One of these sites is located in this areaapproximately two miles northwest ofSandy Hook in Prohibited waters.Another site is located approximatelythree miles north of Conaskonk Point inNew York State waters.At the site located northwest of SandyHook, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis,

was identified as having ‘relatively high’concentrations of copper, mercury,nickel, lead, chlordane, dieldrin, DDT,PCB’s, and PAH’s (NOAA, 1998). The‘relatively high’ concentration wasdefined as the high end of the overalldistribution of concentrations inmollusks at the 36 most urban sites (over800,000 people) being monitored. Thechemical analysis was based on dryweight concentrations.The ‘relatively high’ designation by theMussel Watch Project does notnecessarily mean that FDA Standardshave been exceeded based on wet weightconcentrations. An evaluation of thedata by the Bureau of Marine WaterMonitoring found that only the levels oflead in the blue mussel at the site nearSandy Hook exceeded the FDA’srecommended criteria based on wetsample analysis. It should be noted thatthe blue mussel tends to accumulatetoxicants such as metals at higher ratesthan clams.

60

FIGURE 35: SAMPLING SITES WHERE NOAA MUSSEL WATCH DATA HAS BEEN COLLECTED

TOXICS MONITORING PROGRAM

Previous Toxics Monitoring by NJDEP

In 1984, the New Jersey Department ofEnvironmental Protection, Bureau ofMarine Water Monitoring, identifiedelevated levels of lead and chromium inthe soft clam, Mya arenaria, in thevicinity of the Atlantic HighlandsMunicipal Marina (Feerst, 1984). Thisarea has been excluded as a shellfishharvesting area. Data collected by theDEP in 1999-2000 indicate that theselevels are not currently high enough tocause human toxicity. (See thediscussion below.)

Monitoring of toxic pollutants inshellfish tissue was also performed in thenearby waters of the Navesink River andthe Shrewsbury River. Thesemeasurements were made at fourselected sites in October 1995, May1996, and August 1996. This work wassponsored by the New JerseyDepartment of Environmental Protectionand was performed by RutgersUniversity as part of a study of the

61

impacts of docks and piers on heavymetals concentrations in shellfish tissue.

Tissue Data Collected by NJDEP in 1999-2000

Between October 1999 and August2000, The NJDEP collected a series ofhard clam tissue samples that wereanalyzed for a suite of parameters.These included PCBs, PAH, and sevenheavy metals (mercury, lead, copper,chromium, arsenic, nickel, andcadmium). Funding for analysis wasprovided by the USEPA. Samples wereanalyzed by Battelle Laboratories.It should be noted that the variabilityinherent in tissue analyses is higher thanwould be anticipated in a water matrix.All results are significantly lower thanthe applicable FDA criteria (in the caseof mercury) or level of concern (forother parameters). Most results are atleast a factor of 10 and in many cases afactor of 100 less than the applicablestandard.Most results are likewise below the morestringent USEPA Screening Valuesupdated in 2000 (based on updated IRISvalues and consumption studies). Thesevalues are used as an indication of areaswhere more data are needed to make adetermination regarding human and/orecosystem health issues. Many of thearsenic values are close to or greaterthan the USEPA Screening Value forarsenic (maximum value measured was1.8 ? g As/g; screening value is 1.2 ? gAs/g) Likewise, several values are closeto or above the screening value for totalPCBs (maximum value measured was 41? g/kg; screening value is 20 ? g/kg)When these screening values areexceeded, it is recommended that furtheranalyses should be conducted. Inaddition, the samples were analyzed fortotal arsenic, rather than inorganicarsenic. The organic form of arsenic is

not readily available within the tissueand is therefore of limited risk.Chromium levels were elevated in thevicinity of the Atlantic HighlandsMarina. This area was previouslyidentified as having elevated levels ofchromium and the area was placed in aProhibited status for harvesting shellfish.While the levels are no longer above theFDA Level of Concern, they are stillelevated.There is only one PAH, benzo(a)pyrene,for which the USEPA has developed ascreening value. This compound hashigh carcinogenic capacity. While allvalues were well below the screeningvalue, it should be noted that thecompound was detected in measurablequantities in all samples. ToxicEquivalents (TEQs) were determined forPAH's based on benzo(a)pyrene (G.Buchanan and G. Post – personalcommunication). The average TEQ forPAHs in these shellfish samples is 1.05? g/kg which is well below the EPAscreening value of 5.47 ? g/kg.

Contaminants, such as PCBs,accumulate in fatty tissue and increase inconcentration as you move up the foodchain. Shellfish are typically lower inlipids as compared to fish, and are lowon the food chain. For these reasons,PCB levels in shellfish will besubstantially lower compared to fishspecies in the same waters. Levels ofPCBs in shellfish were much lower ascompared to PCB levels in fish tissuefrom this region. Levels of mercury inshellfish were also substantially lowerwhen compared to levels in fish species.

62

63

Station N Cr Ni Cu As Cd Pb Hg

Stations in Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays

RB032 3 0.498 1.137 1.931 1.668 0.164 0.400 0.037

RB56 4 0.345 0.933 2.191 1.224 0.178 0.355 0.021

RB108 4 1.224 1.869 1.002 1.377 0.075 0.297 0.018

RB111 4 0.338 0.897 2.280 1.357 0.210 0.371 0.023

RB112 5 0.414 0.957 2.000 1.538 0.161 0.298 0.024

RB116 4 0.421 1.102 1.873 1.497 0.149 0.357 0.037

USEPA tissuescreening level

(USEPA, 2000)Not

availableNot

availableNot

available 1.2 4Not

available 0.4

USFDA tissuestandard

(ISSC, 2003) 13 80Not

available 86 4 1.7 1.0

TABLE 11: RESULTS OF METALS TISSUE ANALYSES (MEAN VALUE, RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

64

Station NTotalPCB

TotalPAH Benzo(a)pyrene

Stations in Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays

RB032 3 19.58 39.20 0.82

RB56 4 22.56 31.51 0.70

RB108 4 18.35 27.09 0.83

RB111 4 25.67 29.56 0.61

RB112 5 19.63 29.96 0.62

RB116 4 16.84 30.60 0.75

USEPA tissue screening level(USEPA 2000) 20

Notavailable 5.46

USFDA tissue standard 2000Not

available Not available

TABLE 12: RESULTS OF PCB AND PAH TISSUE ANALYSIS (MEAN VALUE, RESULTS IN ? G/KG WETWEIGHT)

65

FIGURE 36: SAMPLING STATIONS

66

FIGURE 37 : ARSENIC MEAN VALUES (RESULTS AS ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

67

FIGURE 38: ARSENIC MAXIMUM VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

68

FIGURE 39: CHROMIUM MEAN VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

69

FIGURE 40: CHROMIUM MAXIMUM VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

70

FIGURE 41: MERCURY MEAN VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

71

FIGURE 42: MERCURY MAXIMUM VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

72

FIGURE 43: LEAD MEAN VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

73

FIGURE 44: LEAD MAXIMUM VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/G WET WEIGHT)

74

FIGURE 45: TOTAL PAH MEAN VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/KG WET WEIGHT)

75

FIGURE 46: MEAN BENZO(A)PYRENE VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/KG WET WEIGHT)

76

FIGURE 47: TOTAL PCB MEAN VALUES (RESULTS IN ? G/KG WET WEIGHT)

These data indicate that:? All sampling stations comply

with the current FDA criteria.? Most stations exceed the USEPA

screening value for arsenic.

Further study should attempt to identifythe likely sources.

BATHING BEACH DATA

1997

On June 4, 1997, two beached wereclosed in Leonardo and Keansburg dueto high bacteria levels. On August 7,1997, beaches in Middletown wereclosed as a precautionary measureduring an algal bloom.

1998

On July 22-23, 1998, beaches inLeonardo and Middletown were closedas a precautionary measure after anunpermitted discharge of 7.9 MG fromMCBOA.

77

1999

On July 8-12, 1999, beaches in Leonardowere closed due to high bacterial levels.

2000

On July 5-6 and July 12-13, 2000,beaches in Highlands were closed due tohigh bacterial levels. (Loftin, 2001).

ESTUARINE MONITORING PROGRAM

The Department routinely collects foursamples per year at a subset of the NSSPsampling locations to be evaluated for asuite of organic and inorganicparameters related to primaryproductivity and nutrient dynamics. Ofthe 250 stations routinely sampled forthis expanded suite of parameters, 15 arelocated in Raritan Bay or Sandy HookBay.

Concentrations of phosphorus andnitrogen tend to be higher in this areathan in most other parts of the State,suggesting higher levels of primaryproductivity. Higher levels of nutrientsalso correlate with elevated levels ofchlorophyll-a in the samples. In addition,there are frequent sampling dates,especially during warm weather, whendissolved oxygen levels are depressed.

76

FIGURE 48: SAMPLING SITES WHERE ADDITIONAL DATA HAS BEEN COLLECTED FOR NUTRIENTS

77

INTERPETATION AND DISCUSSION OF DATA

BBAACCTTEERRIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL

Bacteriological water quality in this areais impacted by rainfall, presumably asnonpoint source contributions tostormwater runoff.

It appears that water quality issignificantly affected by one or moresources located in the western section ofRaritan Bay. This impact does notpreclude upgrading a small area west ofConaskonk Point at this time.

Water quality in the Flynn’s Knoll areahas improved so that the area should beupgraded to Special Restricted status.However, if and when the Army Corps

of Engineers begins to use the area inNew York State waters as a dredge spoilsite for spoils from the Newark / NewYork harbor area, the harvest in the areashould be suspended as a precautionarymeasure.

Water quality in the Sandy Hook Bayarea has continued to improve. Datacollected in this area in the winter afterrainfall is consistent with SeasonallyApproved status. However, there is notyet enough seasonal data to determine ifthe area should be upgraded.

NNUUTTRRIIEENNTTSS

The Bureau of Marine Water Monitoringpublishes an annual summary of datacollected in the estuarine monitoringprogram, as well as an in-depth analysisevery 3-4 years. These reports areavailable for download in PDF format onthe Bureau’s website at:www.state.nj.us/dep/watershedmgt/bmw.

In general, ambient concentrations inthis area tend to be relatively high inboth nitrogen and phosphorus, comparedto other estuarine waterbodies. Inaddition, diurnal swings in dissolvedoxygen are more pronounced thanelsewhere. There are also frequentphytoplankton blooms.

TTOOXXIICCSS

The tissue monitoring indicates thatthere are potentially several sources oftoxicant inputs to this area.

1. In the Raritan, it appears that thereare one or more sources of toxicantsin the Keyport / Union Beach area.

2. The levels of chromium in theAtlantic Highlands Marina area areno longer a specific threat to humanhealth. However, the area shouldremain in Prohibited status untilsuch time as the levels havedecreased to be similar to those

78

found throughout the remainder ofthe Bays.

3. It appears that the greater New YorkHarbor may also be a source of

elevated levels of some toxicants,most notably PCBs, particularly atthe tip of Sandy Hook and to the eastof Sandy Hook.

CONCLUSIONS

BBAACCTTEERRIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN

The data supports the currentclassification. In addition, the areaknown as Flynn’s Knoll and a small area

immediately to the west of ConaskonkPoint should be upgraded to SpecialRestricted status.

RECOMMENDATIONS

BBAACCTTEERRIIOOLLOOGGIICCAALL EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN

RECOMMENDED CLASSIFICATION CHANGES

The area to the north and west of SandyHook, known as Flynn’s Knoll, shouldbe upgraded to Special Restricted status.This upgrade will open an additional4750 acres to harvest under the SpecialPermits program.

The area in the western part of RaritanBay (west of Keyport) should remain in

Prohibited status at this time. A smallarea immediately to the west ofConaskonk Point (and north of Keyport)should be upgraded to Special Restrictedstatus. This upgrade will open anadditional 964 acres to harvest under theSpecial Permits program.

79

FIGURE 49: RECOMMENDED CHANGES IN CLASSIFICATION

80

FIGURE 50: RECLASSIFICATION (WEST OF CONASKONK POINT)

81

FIGURE 51: RECLASSIFICATION (FLYNN'S KNOLL)

82

LEGAL DESCRIPTION FOR RECOMMENDED CHANGES

The following changes are recommended. These changes will upgrade 5714 acres fromProhibited status to Special Restricted status.

7:12-2.1 Shellfish growing water classification— Prohibited

3. Monmouth Middlesex County area (Note that a portion is also designated as aSpecial Restricted area. See N.J.A.C. 7:12-3):

i. All those waters of Raritan Bay, Raritan River and Arthur Kill (and tributaries)lying south and west of the New Jersey/New York boundary and lying west of a linebeginning at the water tower in Keyport located at latitude 40o 26’31.16” N and longitude74o 11’ 25.18” W and continuing in a northwesterly direction at a bearing of 345 depreesT toward the tower located west of Princes Bay, Staten Island, New York, at latitude 40o

30’ 27.82” N and longitude 74o 12’ 47.94” W [on the northernmost point of land onConaskonk Point, Union Beach, New Jersey and bearing approximately 345 degrees T tothe southernmost point of land on Sequine Point, near Princes Bay, Staten Island, NewYork,] where this line terminates;

ii – iv. No Change

v. All those waters of Raritan Bay and Lower Bay enclosed by the New Jersey/NewYork boundary and a straight line beginning on the southwesternmost point of landon Rockaway Point, Long Island, New York and bearing approximately 222 degreesT to the northernmost point of land on Sandy Hook, New Jersey and then in anorthwesterly direction for approximately 2.2 nautical miles bearing approximately331 degrees toward R “10” 18 Fl R4s Bell, (located in New York State waters) until itintersects New York State waters at approximately latitude 40 degrees 30.59 minutesN and longitude 74 degrees 2.51 minutes W [following the shoreline of Sandy Hookwest and south to a point on the shoreline where this line intersects a line beginning atthe navigation aid at Sandy Hook Point designated as Equal Interval 6 second andVertical Beam light 38ft 15M Bell (E. Int 6 sec and VB 38ft 15M Bell) and thenfollowing this line bearing approximately 278 degrees T to the channel markerdesignated as GR "TC" Interrupted Quick Green Light (GR "TC" F1(2+1)(G6s))located at the intersection of Raritan Bay East Reach, Sandy Hook Channel, andTerminal Channel, and then following the southwesternmost boundary of the RaritanBay East Reach Channel in a northwesterly direction until it intersects the NewJersey/New York boundary] where this line terminates. (Note: This closure adjoinsthose Prohibited waters defined in (a)20i below); and

7:12-3.1 Use of shellfish grown in waters classified as Special Restricted for humanconsumption

Shellfish grown in waters classified as Special Restricted may be utilized for humanconsumption only pursuant to a special permit issued by Department under N.J.A.C.7:12-9.

83

7:12-3.2 Shellfish growing waters that are classified as Special Restricted

(a) The following shellfish growing waters are classified as Special Restricted:

1. All those waters contained within a line beginning on the northernmost point ofConaskonk Point near Union Beach, New Jersey and bearing approximately 261 degreesT toward the northernmost point of Cliffwood Beach, New Jersey, located at latitude 40o

27’ 12.39 N and longitude 74o 13’ 27.98” W to a point located at latitude 40o 27’ 24.78”N and longitude 74o 11’ 43.86” W at the intersection of a line beginning at the watertower in Keyport located at latitude 40o 26’ 31.16” N and longitude 74o 11’ 25.18” W andextending at a bearing of approximately 345 degrees T toward a tower located nearPrinces Bay, Staten Island, New York, at latitude 40o 30’ 27.82” N and longitude 74o 12’47.94” W; then continuing northwesterly along that line at a bearing of approximately345 degrees T to the intersection with New York State waters at latitude 40o 30’ 27.82”N and longitude 74o 12’ 13.79” W [345 degrees T to Sequine Point at Princes Bay,Staten Island, New York, until it intersects the New York-New Jersey boundary,] thenalong that boundary in an easterly direction until it intersects the Chapel Hill SouthChannel at approximately latitude 40 degrees 30.59 minutes N and longitude 74 degrees2.51 minutes W (just south of R “10” 18 Fl R4s Bell, located in New York State waters),thence in a southeasterly direction at a bearing of 151 T to the northernmost tip of SandyHook, approximately latitude 40 degrees 28.68 minutes N and longitude 74 degrees 1.05minutes W [Raritan Bay East Reach Channel, then along the southwest boundary of thatchannel in a southeasterly direction (approximate bearing 106 degrees T) to the channelmarker designated as GR "TC" Interrupted Quick Flashing Green light (GR "TC" I QK FlG) located at the intersection of Raritan Bay East Reach, Sandy Hook Channel andTerminal Channel, and then bearing approximately 098 degrees T to the navigation aiddesignated as "Equal Interval 6 second and vertical Beam light 38ft 15M Bell" (E. Int. 6sec and VB 38ft 15M Bell) located on the shore at Sandy Hook Point], then proceeding ina generally southerly direction following the western shoreline of Sandy Hook to thewesternmost extent of the Rt. 36 highway bridge spanning the Shrewsbury River and thenfollowing the northern edge of that bridge to where it intersects the shoreline on themainland and then following the shoreline in a generally northwesterly direction until itintersects a line bearing approximately 201 degrees T from the navigational markerdesignated as Flashing light 4 second 29ft 8M (Fl 4 sec 29ft 8M) marking theeasternmost extent of the Atlantic Highlands Municipal Yacht Basin's breakwater (thisstonepile forms the basin's northern boundary), and then along that line in a northerlydirection to the marker designated as a Flashing light 4 second 29ft 8M and following thenorthern side of the breakwater in a westerly direction until it reaches the structureforming the western boundary of the Yacht Basin, and then following the western edge ofthis structure in a southerly direction to the mainland, then following the shoreline in agenerally northwesterly direction to the northernmost point of land on Point Comfort(Keansburg), then bearing approximately 272 degrees T to the northernmost point of landon Conaskonk Point (Union Beach), its point of origin.

84

RECOMMENDED CHANGES IN MONITORING SCHEDULE

Additional samples should be collectedafter rainfall in the winter in the SandyHook Bay area. It may be possible toupgrade this area to SeasonallyApproved after sufficient data have beencollected.

Samples collected in the area west ofKeyport should be analyzed with anextra dilution. Numerous samplingresults were greater than the maximumquantifiable using the three-tube dilutionprocedure.

RREECCOOMMMMEENNDDAATTIIOONNSS FFOORR FFUURRTTHHEERR SSTTUUDDYY

1. The tissue toxics monitoringprogram should be continued. Thediffering signatures of PAHs andPCBs might be helpful in identifyingsources of contamination in this area.

2. The estuarine monitoring programfor nutrients and related parametersshould be continued.

3. The sources of bacteriologicalcontamination in the western portionof Raritan Bay should be identifiedand eliminated or reduced. Sincethis area has not been harvested formany years, it is likely that asignificant resource exists in thisarea. In addition, there is significantinterest on the part of the Baymen torestore this area for active harvest.

85

LITERATURE CITED

APHA. 1970. Recommended Procedures for theExamination of Seawater and Shellfish, 4th ed.,American Public Health Association,Washington, DC

APHA. 1995. Standard Methods for theExamination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed.,American Public Health Association,Washington, DC

Baier, Lawrence. 2001. Chief, Bureau ofDredging and Sediment Technology, NJDEP,Trenton, NJ. (Personal Communication).

Bennett, D.W. 1983. The Raritan: A Big BadBay In Need of Friends. Excerpted fromProceedings of the Walford MemorialConvocation Workshop. Technical Series ReportNo. 30. Rartitan Bay its Multiple Uses andAbuses. National Marine Fisheries Service,Sandy Hook Laboratory, Sandy Hook, NJ.

Buchanan, Gary, NJ Department ofEnvironmental Protection, Division of Science,Research and Technology – personalcommunication.

Chojnacki, J. 1998. Environmental Specialist,Monmouth County Enviroinmental HealthDepartment, Freehold, NJ. (PersonalCommunication).

Connell, R.C. 1991. Evaluation of AdversePollution Conditions in New Jersey's CoastalWaters. New Jersey Department ofEnvironmental Protection, Marine WaterClassification and Analysis, Leeds Point, NJ.

Feerst, E. 1984. State of New Jersey ChemicalInvestigation Relay and Depuration Shellfishfrom Northern Monmouth County Waters PhaseII. New Jersey Department of EnvironmentalProtection, Marine Water Monitoring, LeedsPoint NJ.

ISSC 2003. Guide for the Control of MolluscanShellfish, 2002 Revision. Interstate ShellfishSanitation Conference.

Joseph, J. 2001. Chief, Bureau of MarineFisheries, NJDEP, Nacote Creek, NJ. (PersonalCommunication).

Loftin, V. 2001. Sr. Environmental Specialist,Office of Enforcement Coordination, LocalShore Program, NJDEP, Trenton, NJ. (PersonalCommunication).

National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA). 1998. ChemicalContaminants in Oysters and Mussels by TomO’Connor. NOAA’s State of the Coast Report.Silver Spring, MD: NOAA.

NJDEP. 1992. Field Sampling ProceduresManual. New Jersey Department ofEnvironmental Protection, Trenton, NJ.

NJDEP. 1996. Known Contaminated Sites inNew Jersey. New Jersey Department ofEnvironmental Protection. Site RemediationProgram.

NJDEP. 2001. State of New Jersey ShellfishGrowing Water Classification Charts. NewJersey Department of Environmental Protection,Marine Water Monitoring, Leeds Point, NJ.

NJDEP. 1998. Annual Summary ofPhytoplankton Blooms and Related Conditionsin New Jersey Coastal Waters. (Summer 1997).New Jersey Department of EnvironmentalProtection, Freshwater and BiologicalMonitoring, Trenton, NJ.

NJDEP. 1999. Annual Summary ofPhytoplankton Blooms and Related Conditionsin New Jersey Coastal Waters. (Summer 1998).New Jersey Department of EnvironmentalProtection, Freshwater and BiologicalMonitoring, Trenton, NJ.

86

NJDEP. 2000. Annual Summary ofPhytoplankton Blooms and Related Conditionsin New Jersey Coastal Waters. (Summer 1999).New Jersey Department of EnvironmentalProtection, Marine Water MonitoringMonitoring, Leeds Point, NJ.

NJDEP. 2001. Annual Summary ofPhytoplankton Blooms and Related Conditionsin New Jersey Coastal Waters. (Summer 2000).New Jersey Department of EnvironmentalProtection, Marine Water MonitoringMonitoring, Leeds Point, NJ.

Post, Gloria, NJ Department of EnvironmentalProtection, Division of Science, Research andTechnology – personal communication.

Sobsey, Mark; Wait, Douglas; Thompson,Dorothy; Feerst, Eric; and Hovendon,Bruce.1997. Evaluation and Verification of PathogenicIndicator Populations in the NY/NJ HarborSystem. Department of Environmental Sciencesand Engineering, University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill, North Carolina and New JerseyDepartment of Environmental Protection,

Division of Science and Research, Bureau ofMarine Water Monitoring, Leeds Point NJ.

U.S.Department of Commerce. 1956. NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration.National Ocean Service. Coast Survey. TidalCurrents Charts Washington, DC.

USEPA 2000. Guidance for Assessing ChemicalContaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories,Volume 1 - Fish Sampling and Analysis, ThirdEdition, Nov. 2000

USPHS. 1995. National Shellfish SanitationProgram Manual of Operations, Part I: Sanitationof Shellfish Growing Areas. US Public HealthService, Food and Drug Administration,Washington, DC

USPHS. 1997. National Shellfish SanitationProgram Guide for the Control of MolluscanShellfish, Model Ordinance, US Public HealthService, Food and Drug Administration,Washington, DC.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report was written under the direction of William J. Eisele, Jr., Chief, and James E. Mumman,Administrator. Robert Connell and Mike Kusmiez assisted in statistical and GIS data analysis. Specialacknowledgment is given to Captain Don Owens for his perseverance in collecting shellfish water qualitysamples in the Raritan / Sandy Hook Bays. This study would not have been completed without theanalytical capabilities of our microbiology laboratory staff, including Eric Feerst, Supervisor, BruceHovendon, Jean Campbell, Felicia Fieo, Sheldon McBee, Bob Shuster, Diane Hulse-Hiller, Jamie Yates,Jessica Peppler, Mike DeLeo, Dawn Feldman, Ian Fisher, Mike Curtis, Elena Heller, and Bob Seabrook.Special thanks is given to Marion Petruzzi for assistance with clerical support.

87

APPENDICES

Raw Data for 1997-2000

86

Shellfish Growing Water – Total Coliform Data ListingNew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Bureau of Marine Water MonitoringReport Area: NE1

NSSP Monitoring Station:20 Station:21 Station:24A Station:26AStation:10 TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : SurfaceTC-2-3T : Surface Prohibited Prohibited Restricted RestrictedRestricted Geo Mean: 354.8 Geo Mean: 280.3 Geo Mean: 133.8 Geo Mean: 86.2Geo Mean: 67.2 Est 90th: 2466.3 Est 90th: 2293.6 Est 90th: 1784.3 Est 90th: 2047.2Est 90th: 2669.5 # Samples: 7 # Samples: 7 # Samples: 16 # Samples: 16# Samples: 7 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 6.3% > 33000.0% > 3300 Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results:Date: Results: 1/20/1999 1,600.0 1/20/1999 1,600.0 5/8/1997 80.0 5/8/1997 23.0

1/20/1999 1,600.0 1/26/1999 1,600.0 1/26/1999 1,600.0 8/26/1997 15.0 8/26/1997 3.0 K1/26/1999 1,600.0 3/2/1999 300.0 3/2/1999 500.0 2/19/1998 1,600.0 2/19/1998 900.03/2/1999 4.0 3/30/1999 30.0 3/30/1999 22.0 2/26/1998 21.0 2/26/1998 13.0

3/30/1999 4.0 6/22/1999 93.0 6/22/1999 210.0 3/10/1998 460.0 3/10/1998 4,600.06/22/1999 3.0 K 3/29/2000 300.0 3/29/2000 50.0 3/16/1998 8.0 3/16/1998 13.03/29/2000 110.0 7/27/2000 1,100.0 7/27/2000 460.0 3/23/1998 130.0 3/23/1998 70.07/27/2000 460.0 4/3/1998 1,600.0 L 4/3/1998 1,600.0 L

Station:20A Station:23 6/24/1998 3.0 K 6/24/1998 3.0 KStation:18 TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface 1/20/1999 1,600.0 1/20/1999 1,600.0TC-2-3T : Surface Prohibited Prohibited 1/26/1999 1,600.0 1/26/1999 1,600.0 LProhibited Geo Mean: 432.7 Geo Mean: 278.6 3/2/1999 170.0 3/2/1999 7.0Geo Mean: 348.9 Est 90th: 4228.0 Est 90th: 2163.9 3/30/1999 30.0 3/30/1999 11.0

6/22/1999 390.0 6/22/1999 43.0Est 90th: 3310.7 # Samples: 7 # Samples: 7 3/29/2000 300.0 3/29/2000 280.0# Samples: 7 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 7/27/2000 75.0 7/27/2000 240.0

0.0% > 3300 Date: Results: Date: Results:Date: Results: 1/20/1999 1,600.0 L 1/20/1999 1,600.0

1/20/1999 1,600.0 1/26/1999 1,600.0 1/26/1999 900.01/26/1999 1,600.0 3/2/1999 300.0 3/2/1999 130.03/2/1999 280.0 3/30/1999 14.0 3/30/1999 14.0

3/30/1999 17.0 6/22/1999 150.0 6/22/1999 230.06/22/1999 430.0 3/29/2000 1,600.0 3/29/2000 900.03/29/2000 1,600.0 7/27/2000 1,100.0 7/27/2000 240.07/27/2000 75.0

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Report Area: NE1Station:28 Station:33A Station:38 Station:47 Station:5TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : SurfaceRestricted Restricted Restricted Restricted RestrictedGeo Mean: 71.9 Geo Mean: 29.6 Geo Mean: 25.4 Geo Mean: 57.0 Geo Mean: 31.5Est 90th: 1749.9 Est 90th: 596.1 Est 90th: 577.2 Est 90th: 487.7 Est 90th: 628.1# Samples: 15 # Samples: 7 # Samples: 15 # Samples: 8 # Samples: 60.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results:5/8/1997 4.0 1/19/1999 21.0 5/8/1997 17.0 5/8/1997 130.0 1/19/1999 7.3

2/19/1998 500.0 5/25/1999 3.6 8/26/1997 3.0 K 8/26/1997 9.1 5/25/1999 7.22/26/1998 9.0 6/15/1999 3.0 K 2/19/1998 900.0 2/19/1998 130.0 7/20/1999 9.13/10/1998 750.0 7/20/1999 3.6 2/26/1998 17.0 2/26/1998 50.0 3/1/2000 93.03/16/1998 8.0 3/1/2000 240.0 3/16/1998 30.0 3/10/1998 15.0 3/23/2000 9.13/23/1998 50.0 3/23/2000 93.0 3/23/1998 220.0 3/16/1998 14.0 6/8/2000 2,400.0 L4/3/1998 1,600.0 L 6/8/2000 1,100.0 4/3/1998 1,600.0 4/3/1998 1,600.0

6/24/1998 93.0 6/24/1998 3.0 K 6/24/1998 43.0 Station:501/20/1999 1,600.0 L Station:36 1/19/1999 3.0 TC-2-3T : Surface

1/26/1999 1,600.0 TC-2-3T : Surface 5/25/1999 9.1 Station:49A Restricted3/2/1999 8.0 Restricted 6/15/1999 3.0 K TC-2-3T : Surface Geo Mean: 63.4

3/30/1999 2.0 Geo Mean: 38.6 7/20/1999 3.0 K Restricted Est 90th:Est 90th: 1051.1

6/22/1999 3.0 K Est 90th: 724.6 3/1/2000 23.0 Geo Mean: 44.6 # Samples: 163/29/2000 300.0 3/23/2000 3.6 Est 90th: 584.6 0.0% > 3300

# Samples: 15 6/8/2000 2,400.0 L Est 90th: 584.6 0.0% > 33007/27/2000 240.0 6/8/2000 2,400.0 L 0.0% > 3300

0.0% > 3300 # Samples: 16Station:29A Station:43 0.0% > 3300 Date: Results:TC-2-3T : Surface Date: Results: TC-2-3T : Surface 5/8/1997 80.0

Restricted 5/8/1997 80.0 Restricted Date: Results: 8/26/1997 3.0 KGeo Mean: 108.6 8/26/1997 7.3 Geo Mean: 29.4 5/8/1997 70.0 2/19/1998 500.0

2/19/1998 900.0 8/26/1997 3.0 K 2/26/1998 7.0Est 90th: 1605.4 2/26/1998 13.0 Est 90th: 454.8 2/19/1998 220.0 3/10/1998 1,100.0# Samples: 16 3/16/1998 170.0 # Samples: 15 2/26/1998 17.0 3/16/1998 34.00.0% > 3300 3/23/1998 300.0 0.0% > 3300 3/10/1998 2,400.0 3/23/1998 80.0

4/3/1998 500.0 3/16/1998 50.0 4/3/1998 1,600.0 LDate: Results: 6/24/1998 3.0 Date: Results: 3/23/1998 30.0 6/24/1998 240.05/8/1997 22.0 1/19/1999 7.3 5/8/1997 11.0 4/3/1998 1,600.0 1/20/1999 1,600.0

8/26/1997 3.0 K 5/25/1999 3.0 K 8/26/1997 3.0 K 6/24/1998 23.0 1/26/1999 300.02/19/1998 500.0 6/15/1999 3.0 K 2/19/1998 500.0 1/19/1999 21.0 3/2/1999 8.02/26/1998 300.0 7/20/1999 3.6 2/26/1998 17.0 5/25/1999 120.0 3/30/1999 17.03/10/1998 1,500.0 3/1/2000 93.0 3/16/1998 11.0 6/15/1999 3.0 K 6/22/1999 3.0 K3/16/1998 30.0 3/23/2000 23.0 3/23/1998 50.0 7/20/1999 3.0 K 3/29/2000 50.03/23/1998 130.0 6/8/2000 2,400.0 L 4/3/1998 1,600.0 3/1/2000 75.0 7/27/2000 7.34/3/1998 1,600.0 L 6/24/1998 9.1 3/23/2000 9.1

6/24/1998 240.0 1/19/1999 93.0 6/8/2000 150.01/20/1999 500.0 5/25/1999 3.61/26/1999 1,600.0 6/15/1999 3.0 K3/2/1999 11.0 7/20/1999 3.0 K

3/30/1999 23.0 3/1/2000 93.06/22/1999 3.0 K 3/23/2000 15.03/29/2000 300.0 6/8/2000 1,100.07/27/2000 93.0

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Report Area: NE1Station:56 Station:61A Station:63B Station:73 Station:86ATC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : SurfaceRestricted Prohibited Restricted Restricted RestrictedGeo Mean: 206.3 Geo Mean: 90.1 Geo Mean: 47.0 Geo Mean: 25.5 Geo Mean: 44.5Est 90th: 1761.8 Est 90th: 1780.6 Est 90th: 912.5 Est 90th: 356.3 Est 90th: 789.7# Samples: 16 # Samples: 15 # Samples: 16 # Samples: 15 # Samples: 160.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results:5/8/1997 50.0 5/8/1997 110.0 5/8/1997 80.0 5/8/1997 11.0 5/8/1997 14.0

8/26/1997 93.0 8/26/1997 9.1 8/26/1997 3.6 8/26/1997 3.0 K 8/26/1997 9.12/19/1998 1,600.0 L 2/19/1998 240.0 2/19/1998 900.0 2/19/1998 240.0 2/19/1998 300.02/26/1998 80.0 2/26/1998 50.0 2/26/1998 30.0 2/26/1998 8.0 2/26/1998 13.03/10/1998 1,100.0 3/16/1998 4.0 3/10/1998 460.0 3/16/1998 11.0 3/10/1998 460.03/16/1998 13.0 3/23/1998 70.0 3/16/1998 8.0 3/23/1998 80.0 3/16/1998 2.03/23/1998 130.0 4/3/1998 1,600.0 L 3/23/1998 170.0 4/3/1998 500.0 3/23/1998 110.04/3/1998 1,600.0 L 6/24/1998 3.6 4/3/1998 1,600.0 L 6/24/1998 3.6 4/3/1998 1,600.0 L

6/24/1998 460.0 1/20/1999 1,600.0 6/24/1998 3.0 K 1/19/1999 16.0 6/24/1998 43.01/20/1999 1,600.0 1/26/1999 1,600.0 1/20/1999 1,600.0 5/25/1999 43.0 1/20/1999 1,600.01/26/1999 500.0 3/2/1999 500.0 1/26/1999 220.0 6/15/1999 3.0 K 1/26/1999 240.03/2/1999 240.0 3/30/1999 13.0 3/2/1999 9.0 7/20/1999 3.0 K 3/2/1999 4.0

3/30/1999 13.0 6/22/1999 3.0 K 3/30/1999 2.0 3/1/2000 93.0 3/30/1999 4.06/22/1999 23.0 3/29/2000 900.0 6/22/1999 3.6 3/23/2000 9.1 6/22/1999 3.63/29/2000 500.0 7/27/2000 240.0 3/29/2000 50.0 6/8/2000 2,400.0 L 3/29/2000 13.07/27/2000 460.0 7/27/2000 21.0 7/27/2000 240.0

Station:62 Station:78Station:58 TC-2-3T : Surface Station:7 TC-2-3T : Surface Station:88ATC-2-3T : Surface Restricted TC-2-3T : Surface Restricted TC-2-3T : SurfaceProhibited Geo Mean: 56.3 Restricted Geo Mean: 26.9 RestrictedGeo Mean: 119.1 Est 90th: 1118.5 Geo Mean: 18.9 Est 90th: 503.2 Geo Mean: 34.7Est 90th: 1648.7 # Samples: 16 Est 90th: 396.8 # Samples: 15 Est 90th: 749.5# Samples: 7 0.0% > 3300 # Samples: 7 0.0% > 3300 # Samples: 150.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300

Date: Results: Date: Results:Date: Results: 5/8/1997 170.0 Date: Results: 5/8/1997 30.0 Date: Results:

1/20/1999 1,600.0 8/26/1997 9.1 1/19/1999 3.0 8/26/1997 3.0 K 5/8/1997 17.01/26/1999 500.0 2/19/1998 500.0 5/25/1999 3.0 2/19/1998 900.0 8/26/1997 3.03/2/1999 280.0 2/26/1998 50.0 6/15/1999 3.6 2/26/1998 11.0 2/19/1998 240.0

3/30/1999 22.0 3/10/1998 1,100.0 7/20/1999 11.0 3/16/1998 30.0 2/26/1998 30.06/22/1999 3.6 3/16/1998 4.0 3/1/2000 23.0 3/23/1998 110.0 3/10/1998 1,100.03/29/2000 80.0 3/23/1998 30.0 3/23/2000 43.0 4/3/1998 500.0 3/16/1998 30.07/27/2000 240.0 4/3/1998 1,600.0 L 6/8/2000 2,400.0 L 6/24/1998 9.1 3/23/1998 50.0

6/24/1998 3.6 1/19/1999 3.6 4/3/1998 1,600.0 L1/20/1999 1,600.0 5/25/1999 3.6 6/24/1998 3.0 K1/26/1999 350.0 6/15/1999 3.0 K 1/20/1999 1,600.03/2/1999 14.0 7/20/1999 3.0 K 1/26/1999 80.0

3/30/1999 2.0 3/1/2000 460.0 3/30/1999 2.06/22/1999 3.0 K 3/23/2000 3.6 6/22/1999 3.0 K3/29/2000 170.0 6/8/2000 1,100.0 3/29/2000 2.07/27/2000 43.0 7/27/2000 28.0

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89

Report Area: NE1Station:906A Station:906C Station:908 Station:910 Station:910ETC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : SurfaceRestricted Restricted Restricted Prohibited RestrictedGeo Mean: 11.6 Geo Mean: 5.6 Geo Mean: 12.4 Geo Mean: 15.5 Geo Mean: 11.0Est 90th: 90.4 Est 90th: 17.6 Est 90th: 68.4 Est 90th: 218.5 Est 90th: 83.0# Samples: 14 # Samples: 15 # Samples: 13 # Samples: 5 # Samples: 150.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results:5/8/1997 22.0 5/8/1997 13.0 5/8/1997 11.0 2/19/1998 2.0 K 5/8/1997 13.0

8/26/1997 43.0 8/26/1997 3.6 2/19/1998 2.0 K 3/16/1998 2.0 K 8/26/1997 3.0 K2/19/1998 2.0 K 2/19/1998 2.0 K 3/16/1998 2.0 3/23/1998 22.0 2/19/1998 17.03/16/1998 2.0 K 2/26/1998 30.0 3/23/1998 13.0 4/3/1998 240.0 2/26/1998 50.03/23/1998 30.0 3/16/1998 2.0 K 4/3/1998 170.0 6/24/1998 43.0 3/16/1998 2.04/3/1998 11.0 3/23/1998 23.0 6/24/1998 23.0 3/23/1998 13.0

6/24/1998 23.0 4/3/1998 13.0 1/19/1999 7.3 Station:910A 4/3/1998 500.01/19/1999 3.0 6/24/1998 9.1 5/25/1999 93.0 TC-2-3T : Surface 6/24/1998 23.05/25/1999 460.0 1/19/1999 3.0 K 6/15/1999 3.0 K Restricted 1/19/1999 23.06/15/1999 3.6 5/25/1999 3.0 K 7/20/1999 23.0 Geo Mean: 18.2 5/25/1999 3.0 K7/20/1999 3.6 6/15/1999 3.0 K 3/1/2000 23.0 Est 90th: 149.3 6/15/1999 3.03/1/2000 7.3 7/20/1999 3.6 3/23/2000 9.1 7/20/1999 3.0 K

# Samples: 8 3/1/2000 75.03/23/2000 3.0 K 3/1/2000 11.0 6/8/2000 7.2 3/1/2000 75.06/8/2000 75.0 3/23/2000 3.6 0.0% > 3300 3/23/2000 3.0 K

6/8/2000 3.0 Station:908C 6/8/2000 3.0 KStation:906B TC-2-3T : Surface Date: Results:TC-2-3T : Surface Station:907 Restricted 5/8/1997 4.0 Station:911Restricted TC-2-3T : Surface Geo Mean: 8.0 1/19/1999 15.0 TC-2-3T : SurfaceGeo Mean: 7.3 Restricted 5/25/1999 240.0 Restricted

Est 90th: 41.0 6/15/1999 23.0 Geo Mean: 9.0Est 90th: 41.7 Geo Mean: 10.5 6/15/1999 23.0 Geo Mean: 9.0

# Samples: 15 7/20/1999 3.0 Geo Mean: 9.0# Samples: 15 Est 90th: 49.3 3/1/2000 93.0 Est 90th: 30.7

0.0% > 3300 3/1/2000 93.0 Est 90th: 30.70.0% > 3300 # Samples: 14 3/23/2000 3.0 K # Samples: 7

0.0% > 3300 Date: Results: 6/8/2000 43.0 0.0% > 3300Date: Results: 5/8/1997 30.05/8/1997 50.0 Date: Results: 8/26/1997 3.6 Date: Results:

8/26/1997 3.0 K 5/8/1997 4.0 2/19/1998 2.0 1/19/1999 7.32/19/1998 2.0 K 8/26/1997 7.3 2/26/1998 9.0 5/25/1999 20.02/26/1998 17.0 2/19/1998 2.0 K 3/16/1998 2.0 K 6/15/1999 9.13/16/1998 2.0 K 3/16/1998 9.0 3/23/1998 17.0 7/20/1999 3.03/23/1998 9.0 3/23/1998 4.0 4/3/1998 170.0 3/1/2000 43.04/3/1998 7.0 4/3/1998 34.0 6/24/1998 3.6 3/23/2000 9.1

6/24/1998 23.0 6/24/1998 43.0 1/19/1999 9.1 6/8/2000 3.0 K1/19/1999 3.0 K 1/19/1999 3.0 5/25/1999 3.65/25/1999 240.0 5/25/1999 93.0 6/15/1999 3.66/15/1999 3.0 K 6/15/1999 7.3 7/20/1999 3.0 K7/20/1999 3.0 K 7/20/1999 29.0 3/1/2000 43.03/1/2000 3.6 3/1/2000 3.6 3/23/2000 3.6

3/23/2000 9.1 3/23/2000 7.3 6/8/2000 15.06/8/2000 3.0 K 6/8/2000 43.0

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Report Area: NE1Station:911A Station:914 Station:916A Station:916D Station:93ATC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : SurfaceRestricted Restricted Restricted Restricted RestrictedGeo Mean: 11.2 Geo Mean: 12.9 Geo Mean: 27.6 Geo Mean: 20.6 Geo Mean: 21.1Est 90th: 80.8 Est 90th: 124.9 Est 90th: 301.1 Est 90th: 144.0 Est 90th: 218.5# Samples: 7 # Samples: 13 # Samples: 16 # Samples: 16 # Samples: 150.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results: Date: Results:

1/19/1999 7.3 5/8/1997 8.0 5/8/1997 22.0 5/8/1997 17.0 5/8/1997 17.05/25/1999 21.0 2/19/1998 4.0 8/26/1997 3.0 K 8/26/1997 3.0 K 8/26/1997 3.0 K6/15/1999 3.6 3/16/1998 4.0 2/19/1998 50.0 2/19/1998 23.0 2/19/1998 130.07/20/1999 15.0 3/23/1998 2.0 2/26/1998 170.0 2/26/1998 80.0 2/26/1998 30.03/1/2000 240.0 4/3/1998 500.0 3/10/1998 150.0 3/10/1998 23.0 3/16/1998 30.0

3/23/2000 3.0 K 6/24/1998 7.3 3/16/1998 2.0 3/16/1998 30.0 3/23/1998 240.06/8/2000 3.6 1/19/1999 240.0 3/23/1998 50.0 3/23/1998 110.0 4/3/1998 500.0

5/25/1999 9.1 4/3/1998 130.0 4/3/1998 170.0 6/24/1998 3.6Station:912 6/15/1999 7.3 6/24/1998 7.3 6/24/1998 43.0 1/19/1999 23.0TC-2-3T : Surface 7/20/1999 3.0 K 1/19/1999 460.0 1/19/1999 7.3 5/25/1999 3.0Restricted 3/1/2000 93.0 5/25/1999 9.1 5/25/1999 11.0 6/15/1999 3.6Geo Mean: 12.3 3/23/2000 3.0 K 6/15/1999 3.6 6/15/1999 3.0 K 7/20/1999 3.6Est 90th: 105.8 6/8/2000 23.0 7/20/1999 3.0 K 7/20/1999 3.6 3/1/2000 43.0

3/1/2000 93.0 3/1/2000 14.0 3/23/2000 3.0 K# Samples: 13 Station:914D 3/23/2000 7.3 3/23/2000 3.6 6/8/2000 240.00.0% > 3300 TC-2-3T : Surface 6/8/2000 460.0 6/8/2000 460.0

Restricted Station:97ADate: Results: Geo Mean: 14.7 Station:916C Station:918 TC-2-3T : Surface

5/8/1997 27.0 TC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : Surface Restricted2/19/1998 2.0 K Est 90th: 128.9 Restricted Restricted Geo Mean: 43.23/16/1998 2.0 # Samples: 14 Geo Mean: 43.2

Geo Mean: 14.2 Geo Mean: 22.0 Est 90th: 376.23/23/1998 9.0 0.0% > 3300 Est 90th: 158.3 Est 90th: 275.3 Est 90th: # Samples:

16 376.24/3/1998 240.0 Est 90th: 158.3 Est 90th: 275.3 # Samples: 16

6/24/1998 3.6 Date: Results: # Samples: 15 # Samples: 15 0.0% > 33001/19/1999 240.0 5/8/1997 23.0 0.0% > 3300 0.0% > 33005/25/1999 39.0 8/26/1997 3.0 K Date: Results:6/15/1999 3.6 2/19/1998 80.0 Date: Results: Date: Results: 5/8/1997 130.07/20/1999 3.6 2/26/1998 11.0 5/8/1997 30.0 5/8/1997 30.0 8/26/1997 3.63/1/2000 43.0 3/16/1998 2.0 8/26/1997 3.0 K 8/26/1997 3.0 K 2/19/1998 240.0

3/23/2000 3.6 3/23/1998 14.0 2/19/1998 2.0 2/19/1998 300.0 2/26/1998 130.06/8/2000 9.1 4/3/1998 280.0 2/26/1998 220.0 2/26/1998 22.0 3/10/1998 28.0

6/24/1998 3.0 K 3/10/1998 390.0 3/16/1998 13.0 3/16/1998 4.05/25/1999 3.0 K 3/16/1998 2.0 3/23/1998 27.0 3/23/1998 80.06/15/1999 7.3 3/23/1998 34.0 4/3/1998 500.0 4/3/1998 900.07/20/1999 3.6 4/3/1998 500.0 6/24/1998 3.6 6/24/1998 15.03/1/2000 93.0 6/24/1998 11.0 1/19/1999 3.0 K 1/19/1999 15.0

3/23/2000 9.1 1/19/1999 9.1 5/25/1999 15.0 5/25/1999 43.06/8/2000 240.0 5/25/1999 6.2 6/15/1999 3.0 K 6/15/1999 23.0

6/15/1999 3.6 7/20/1999 3.0 K 7/20/1999 3.0 K7/20/1999 3.0 K 3/1/2000 93.0 3/1/2000 93.03/1/2000 15.0 3/23/2000 9.1 3/23/2000 43.0

3/23/2000 3.6 6/8/2000 1,100.0 6/8/2000 460.0Thursday, July 22, 2004 Page 5 of 6

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Report Area: NE1Station:97B Station:98ATC-2-3T : Surface TC-2-3T : SurfaceRestricted RestrictedGeo Mean: 24.4 Geo Mean: 18.2Est 90th: 267.9 Est 90th: 225.4# Samples: 16 # Samples: 70.0% > 3300 0.0% > 3300Date: Results: Date: Results:5/8/1997 50.0 1/19/1999 11.0

8/26/1997 3.0 K 5/25/1999 93.02/19/1998 4.0 6/15/1999 3.0 K2/26/1998 80.0 7/20/1999 3.0 K3/10/1998 93.0 3/1/2000 43.03/16/1998 8.0 3/23/2000 3.63/23/1998 130.0 6/8/2000 460.04/3/1998 900.0

6/24/1998 9.11/19/1999 20.05/25/1999 15.06/15/1999 3.0 K7/20/1999 3.0 K3/1/2000 93.0

3/23/2000 3.66/8/2000 460.0

Station:98TC-2-3T : SurfaceRestrictedGeo Mean: 25.2Est 90th: 417.7# Samples: 70.0% > 3300Date: Results:

1/19/1999 28.05/25/1999 290.06/15/1999 3.0 K7/20/1999 3.0 K3/1/2000 460.0

3/23/2000 3.0 K6/8/2000 64.0

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