Separation techniques 25Mb

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Classifying MatterMatter (solid, liquid gas)

Pure substanceImpure substance (mixture)

Element Compound

non metalmetal

mix 2 or more

react 2 or more

separate by physical methods (SEE LECTURE1)

separate by chemical reaction

Notes1. Matter is anything with mass that takes up space

2. Pure substances are single substances. (eg distilled water contains 100% water)

3. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed in any ratio or proportion

4. Elements are special substances which contain just one type of atom (eg sodium Na contains Na atoms only)

5. Compounds are substances that contain two or more elements chemically combined together. They are usually hard to separate.

FiltrationYour teacher will now show you how to use the equipment

Clamp stand

conical flaskfilter funnelbeaker

water

100mL beaker

strip of filter paper

Paper Chromatography

Your teacher will now explain how to set up the equipment

Chromatography Results

How the solvent rises

You should mark the position of the solvent front with a fine pencil before it dries out

Research: Try to find out what is meant by Rf values

How do these relate to the separated dye components?

Metal Burning in Air.mpeg

Distillation

animation

Assemble your own Liebig Condenser

Labelled distillation equipment

Distilling crude oil (a complex mixture of hydrocarbons)

Notice the range of temperatures! Which component has the lowest, which the highest? What is the approx boiling point of petrol?

The distillation of crude oil takes place in a petroleum refinery like this.

Filling up at Tesco's in the UK.

The world would a lot different without petrol!

Discuss this in small groups