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Distillation Lab.notebook
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September 20, 2012
Separation of Mixtures
On your whiteboard, after observing the mystery mixture, what do you think is in there and how could we separate them?
Distillation Lab.notebook
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September 20, 2012
Separation of Mixtures
Chapter two of our textbook discusses maer and the various physical and chemical changes it can undergo. The chapter also points out that pure substances can be separated from each other on the basis of the differences in their physical and chemical properes.
For example A heterogeneous mixture of sand and pepper can be poured into water and will separate itself out based on the different densities of each substance.
Try it!
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Separation of Mixtures
But what if we have a homogeneous (miscible)mixture of liquids?
The liquids can still be separated, but we must utilize different physical properties than just density.
Other than density, what is one of the main physical properties we use to describe different liquids?
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Separation of Mixtures
Background Info
Boiling Point When a substance is undergoing a phase change (from say ice to liquid or liquid to ice) its temperature holds steady while the change is occurring.
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Separation of Mixtures
On your whiteboard What do you think would happen if we tried to boil a mixture of two or more substances with different boiling points?
What do you think a graph of temperature vs. time would like like when boiling a mixture of three substances?
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Assuming the first two minutes of data on this graph show the hot plate warming, how many different liquids do you think were involved in this experiment?
How do you know?
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Distillation Investigation
Goal: To determine what liquids make up a mysterious homogeneous mixture.
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Distillation InvestigationData
To help us determine what liquids make up our mysterious homogeneous mixture, we will use a table of known data for comparison.
Data
Given the information provided in the table, bullet out on your whiteboard what data we will need to be sure to collect during our investigation so that we may compare our results to the table.
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Teach Density
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Are there any other observations we might be able to make that might help us determine what liquids make up our mixture?
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Procedure Your procedure should include:any observations or measurements you will make prior to distillation
how you will proceed with the distillation process
what data you will collect during the distillation process and how often
any observations or measurements you will make after completing the distillation process
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Talk me through your procedure
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Properties Unknown Mixture
Unknown liquid #1
Unknown liquid #2
Appearance
Odor
Mass of Grad. Cylinder Mass of Grad. Cylinder and liquidFinal Mass of Liquid
Volume 50mL
Density
Flammability (yes/no)Boiling Point(determine from your graph)
N/A(when mixture first starts to boil)
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or
Time (min) Temp (C)
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Graph (use a FULL page)
IV (units)
DV
(units)
Title: The effect of ......... on ......
When finished plotting points:
1) Connect each point with a smooth line.
2) Circle the section of the graph that shows where the first liquid is boiling.
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When you are done graphing, on a whiteboard write down all the information you gathered about
Unknown Liquid #1: Unknown Liquid #2:
Appearance: _______
Odor: ___________
Density: _________
Flamability:________
Boiling Point: ______
Appearance: _______
Odor: ___________
Density: _________
Flamability:________
Boiling Point: ______
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Results In your lab book
Based on their physical properes, use the data table above to compare to your own data to idenfy the separated liquids from this simulaon.
Liquid #1____________________
Liquid #2____________________
Explain what data you used to determine the identy of each liquid
51 62 76 112 94
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Conclusion In paragraph form do the following:Restate the purpose of this investigation.
Explain the characteristic properties of matter that the process of fractional distillation relies upon. Why and how does this process work?
What were the results of your investigation and was the data that you collected conclusive enough to determine what was in the mysterious homogeneous mixture?
Whether you were successful or not, discuss any errors or improvements that could have been made in the lab.
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