Sensor less control of bldc motor drive for an automotive fuel pump using a hysteresis comparator ze

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SENSOR LESS CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR DRIVE FOR AN

AUTOMOTIVE FUEL PUMP USING A HYSTERESIS

COMPARATOR

ABSTRACT

This system develops the brushless dc (BLDC) motor sensor less control system

for an automotive fuel pump. The sensor less techniques based on a hysteresis

comparator and a potential start-up method with a high starting torque are suggested.

The hysteresis comparator is used to compensate for the phase delay of the back-EMFs

due to a low-pass filter (LPF) and also prevent multiple output transitions from noise or

ripple in the terminal voltages. The rotor position is aligned at standstill for maximum

starting torque without an additional sensor and any information of motor parameters.

Also, the stator current can be easily adjusted by modulating the pulse width of the

switching devices during alignment.

EXISTING SYSTEM

Now the brushless dc (BLDC) motor is receiving much interest in automotive

applications especially on vehicle fuel pumps due to its high efficiency, compact size,

and lower maintenance when compared to a brush dc motor. In order to obtain an

accurate and ripple-free instantaneous torque of BLDC motor, the rotor position

information for stator current commutation must be known, which can be obtained

using hall sensors mounted on a rotor. This results in a high costs as well as poor

reliability, which are serious problems at the vehicle applications.

The existing system is control the motor speed using the different type of

sensors. We are the sensor is not accurate measurement and control. But we are using

comparator good measurement and control.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM

This paper presents a sensor less control based on a hysteresis comparator of terminal

voltage and a potential start-up method with a high starting torque for an automotive

fuel pump application. As the maximum commutation phase lag is significantly

reduced from -13°to -3°by adjusting both the resistance ratio and the output voltage

level of the hysteresis comparator, the commutation signal is nearly in phase with the

back-EMF. If a peak of ripple voltage in the terminal voltage is within the hysteresis

band +1V regardless of magnitude of the terminal voltage, it can prevent multiple

output transitions at a hysteresis comparator by high frequency ripples in the terminal

voltage. After aligning the rotor position for achieving the maximum starting torque,

the BLDC motor accelerates from a standstill up to a nominal speed within 1.2sec. The

magnitude of the stator current for aligning the rotor position can be easily controlled

by modulating the pulse width of specific switching devices. Through the experimental

results, it can be seen that the proposed sensor less and start-up techniques are ideally

suited for the automotive fuel pump application.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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DESCRIPTIONS

The sensor less control techniques using the phase-locked loop (PLL) and the

third-harmonic back-EMF are suggested. The motor commutation drifts away from the

desired phase angle due to the conduction of the freewheel diode. Furthermore, the

drift angle varies as the motor parameters, speed, and load conditions change. The

improved sensor less controller by removing the effect of the freewheel diode

conduction is suggested. Access to the motor neutral point is required, which will

complicate the motor structure and increase the cost. Most sensors less techniques are

based on back-EMF estimation. However, when a motor is at standstill or very low

speed, it is well known that the back-EMF is too small to estimate a precise rotor

position. Therefore, a specific start-up process in sensor less drive systems is required.

The general solution to the problem is the open-loop start-up method named ‘align and

go’. The procedure is to excite two phases of the three-phase windings for a preset time.

The permanent magnet rotor will then rotate to align to a specific position. With

a known initial rotor position and a given commutation logic, an open-loop control

scheme is then applied to accelerate the motor from a standstill. Although this

technique can be applied to certain automotive applications, it causes a large

instantaneous peak current and generates a temporary vibration. In addition, the rotor

position of the BLDC motor can be identified and driven smoothly from standstill

without any position sensors by utilizing the inductance variation technique. This is

done by monitoring the current responses to the inductance variation on the rotor

position. Although these methods can detect a precise rotor position at standstill, they

result in a complex control algorithm and an increase of the system costs due to an

additional current sensor. Instead of detection of current, only terminal voltage level is

used for detection of the initial position of the permanent magnet.

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Low cost

Less noise

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Good efficiency

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0th Review 1st Review

Abstract Existing System Disadvantages Proposed System Advantages Objective System Requirements System Architecture

Literature Survey Module List Module Description Data Flow Diagram Level DFD Module Wise DFD Problem Definition Review Document Explanation

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Documents

Sensor less control of bldc motor drive for an automotive fuel pump using a hysteresis comparator ze