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Building a culture of Preparedness

² Need for a paradigm shift

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Vulnerability of Bihar:

� Floods: 28 districts out of 38

Bihar accounts for 17% of the flood-prone area and 22%

of the flood-affected population in India.

� Earthquake: 21 dist. in seismic zone IV (High), 11

dist. in seismic zone V (Highest).� Drought: Southern part of the state

Three consecutive drought years 2008, 2009 & 2010 

� Tornado/ high winds

� Village fires

Climate Change ± a new phenomena

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What Disasters do?

� Disasters can wipe out years of development gains in

a matter of hours.

� Big one-off disasters destroy farmland, animals,

livelihoods, infrastructures ± keeping people poor andhungry.

� Small recurrent disasters wear down family resources

and resilience, exposing people to disease and poor 

health.

Disasters pose threat to achieving M DG s/ any 

developmental goals

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Possible impact of disasters:

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Effect Floods FlashFloods

Earthquake High winds Complexemergencies

Death Few Many Many Few Many

Severe

injuries

Few Moderate

/ few

Many Moderate Varies

Increased risk

of 

communicable

diseases

Moderate Varies Varies Low High

Food scarcity Varies Common Common Rare Common

Major 

population

displacement

Common High High Varies

(depend on

the severity)

High

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Climate change - new challenges to health

� Many major vectors for diseases such as

cholera, diarrhoea, malaria and dengue are

highly climate sensitive and could become more

pervasive with rising temperatures.

� Declining farm yields and food availability could

lead to malnutrition and heightened susceptibility

to other diseases.

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Disaster and Development:

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Approach to disaster management: Needs

changes:

� Disasters ± seen as an event.

� Development and disaster management have been

dealt as separate disciplines with little or no linkages.

� Government adopted mainly µstructural¶ measures-for minimizing losses and protect people.

� Reactive approach ± relief & rehab. measures

� Community accepted - as destiny and resign to their 

fate and developed a ³dependency syndrome´ onexternal support system.

³R isk-blind development is increasing vulnerability´ 

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N eed for change in Approach

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Change in Approach

� Building risk reduction into development planning.

� Investing more resources into disaster  

preparedness.� Reactive to a culture of proactive preparedness.

� Policy framework: Disaster Management Act 2005

³Risk informed programming´

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Emergency preparedness

�  A state of readiness to deal with any potential

disaster situation and its effects.

�  All actions taken in order to be ready to react,

and respond to a disaster situation. Aimed at:

� To minimize the adverse effects of a disaster .

� To ensure timely, appropriate and efficient delivery

of emergency response.

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DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

(DDMA)

� Every district to have District Disaster Management Authority (7 members):

 ± District Magistrate shall be Chairperson,

 ± Elected representative of local authority shall be

co-Chairperson

 ± The Chief Executive Officer of the District

 Authority, ex-officio member 

 ± Superintendent of P

olice, ex-officio member  ± Civil Surgeon, ex-officio member 

 ± Two other district level officers, ex-officio

members

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Powers and functions of DDMA:

�  Act as the district planning; coordinating andimplementing body for disaster management .

� Prepare a district disaster management plan

including district response plan.

� Ensure that areas vulnerable to disasters are

identified and measures for prevention and

mitigation of its effects are undertaken by the

departments.

� Stockpiles of relief and rescue materials or  

ensure preparedness to make such materials

available.

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Thanks

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