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SENSATION
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Sensation
• Transduction: sensory receptors convert a physical energy into nerve impulses
Sensation vs. Perception
• Sensation– The experience of sensory stimulation
• Perception– The process of creating meaningful
patterns from raw sensory information
Senses
Senses Other term Sense organs
Sight Vision Eye
Hearing Audition Ears
Smell Olfaction Nose
Taste Gustation Tongue
Touch Somesthesia Skin
Kinesthetic Movement Golgi tendon
Balance Equilibrium/Vestibular
Semi-circular canal
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
SENSE OF VISION
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Structures of the Retina
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Sensory Coding
• Activation of retinal cells by light results in action potentials that travel along neurons that project to the occipital cortex
SENSE OF AUDITION
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Anatomy of the Ear
(Sound Waves)
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
An Ear on the World
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
The Chemical Senses
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Anatomy of the Nose
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Smell
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Odor Example
Camphoric Mothballs
Musky Perfume/Aftershave
Roses Floral
Pepperminty Mint Gum
Etheral Dry Cleaning Fluid
Pungent Vinegar
Putrid Rotten Eggs
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Taste: Savory Sensations
• Papillae: Knoblike elevations on the tongue, containing the taste buds (Singular: papilla).
• Taste buds: Nests of taste-receptor cells.
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Taste
• Four basic tastes– Sweet– Salty– Sour– Bitter
• Recent discovery of fifth taste– Umami
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Senses of the Skin
• The skin senses include:– Touch– Warmth– Cold– Pain– Various others (itch and tickle)
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
The Receptors of the Skin
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
Skin Receptors
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
The Environment Within
• Kinesthesis: The sense of body position and movement of body parts; also called kinesthesia.
• Equilibrium: The sense of balance.
• Semicircular Canals: Sense organs in the inner ear, which contribute to equilibrium by responding to rotation of the head.
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
The Golgi Tendon
• The Golgi tendon organs serve as mechano-stretch receptors and are located near the point of attachment of muscle fibers to tendons.
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
The Reflex Arc
© 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E
The Vestibular Canal
