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Senior Design Proposal
Stevens Institute of Technology
Mechanical Engineering Dept.
Senior Design 2005~06
Date: October 6th, 2005
Advisor: Dr. Kishore Pochiraju
Group 10:
Biruk Assefa, Lazaro Cosma,
Josh Ottinger, Yukinori Sato
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Presentation Agenda• Project Background• Objective• Approach• State of the Art Review• QFD Analysis• Concepts• Budget• Project Deliverables• Conclusion
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Project Background• Importance of Renewable Energy
– More environmentally conscious– Unlimited resource
• Major Sources of Renewable Energy– Wind– Solar– Wave
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Renewable Energy ComparisonWave Power Solar Power Wind Power
Energy Density and Predictability
High Low Low
Availability 90% 20%-30% 20%-30%
Potential Sites Virtually Unlimited Limited Very Limited
Environmental Issues None Visual Pollution Noise and Visual Pollution
Wave Energy Densities (MW)
Wave Energy has more potential than Wind and Solar Energies combined
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Wave Energy Locations
• Three locations – Shore– Near shore– Offshore
• Offshore has the most potential energy
• Focus on Offshore Device
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Offshore Wave Energy Advantages
• Sea waves have high energy densities
• Negligible demand on land use
• Ability to secure energy supplies in remote regions
• Limited negative environmental impact
Disadvantages• High structural
loading in extreme weather conditions
• Potential navigation hazard to ships
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Project Scope/Objective• Product Description
– Device that harnesses wave energy in off-shore locations to generate electrical power
• Key Business Goals– Develop and test novel design concept– Proof of concept for wave energy power generator– Possibly at industrial (power grid) level scale
• Primary Market– Sensor buoys utilized by many military agencies
• Secondary Markets– Public and private research institutions– Boating and recreation– Industrial scale power generation
• Assumptions and Constraints– Must withstand harsh conditions– Must be partially or fully submerged in water– Be able to charge batteries (12~24Vdc)
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Approach• Pre-Project Planning
– Identify Opportunities, Evaluate Project, Allocate resources
• Identify Needs / Product Specification– Customer Needs, Metrics, Target Values
• Competitive Analysis• Concept Generation
– Concept Classification Table– Concept Screening and Scoring – Final Concept Selection
• Product Architecture / Design of Product– Geometric layout, Identify interactions, 3D CAD Model,
Manufacturability and Assembly
• Concept Testing• Engineering Cost Analysis
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Disciplines of Interest• Mechanical Engineering
– Dynamics & Machine Components– Power and Energy
• Ocean Engineering– Wave Energy Analysis
• Systems Engineering– Requirements & Integration
• Electrical Engineering– Microcontroller & Circuits System
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State of the Art Review
• Conducted interviews– Dr. Pochiraju – Design & Manufacturing Institute Director
– Dr. Nazalewicz - Mechanical Engineering Professor
– Mike Raftery - PhD. Student Ocean Engineering
• Literature Search including articles and journals
• Patent Search for components and concepts
• Brainstorming – possible conceptual designs
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Patent SearchPatent Number 4462211: Patent Number 539495: Patent Number 5808368:
Patent Number 5931062: Patent Number 6719670: Rectifier Designs
Wave Power Devices
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Existing Designs
Pelamis
PS FrogAquabuoy
Powerbuoys
Designs range from:• Complex turbine systems• Linear generator designs• Long floating devicesConclusion:If it can float, rotate, or oscillate it is a potential design
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Major Problems / Concerns
• Economic feasibility
• Maintenance and installation
• Engineering challenges
– Harness energy at a cost that is competitive
– Efficiency
– Adjusting natural frequency to wave frequency
– Utilizing full wave motion / height for optimum
power potential
– Scalability
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QFD Analysis
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Target ValuesMetric
No.Need Nos.
Metric UnitsMarginal
ValueIdeal
Value
1 1 Power output per cost of unit Watts / $ >.0027 >.015
2 2 Power Output Watts > 5 >15
3 3,4 Working Period Months >6 >12
4 3,4,6 Number of moving parts Number <6 <4
5 5 Maximum height of wave allowed Feet >2 >6
6 6,8 Number of components Number <8 <5
7 7 Cost of Repair at catastrophic failure Dollars <500 <100
8 6,8 Weight Pounds <150 <75
9 8 Size Volume (ft3) <15 <8
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Concepts Combination TableMotion
Capturing Device
Wave Motion
Motion Conversion Device(s)
Mechanical Motion
Electricity Generating
Device
Mechanical Motion Electrical
Energy
BuoySpring-loaded
ReelMechanical
Rectifier
Inverted Reduction
Device
Rotary Generator
BuoyPiston
Direct DriveLinear
Generator
Gear Box
Belt
CVT
Bevel Gear
One-way clutch
Buoy CrankInverted
Reduction Device
Rotary Generator
Buoy PistonFluidic
MediumTurbine
Rotary Generator
Magnet Inside
Magnet Outside
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Open System
Closed System
Other Alternative Characteristics
Located Underwater
Located Above Water
Located Underwater
Located Above Water
Buoy Air Chamber Air TurbineRotary
Generator
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Co
nce
pt
Gro
up
s
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Concept Groups (1a & 1b)Buoy
Rotary Generator
Inverted Reduction
Device
Mechanical Rectifier
Reel+ -
Cable
Buoy
Rotary Generator
Inverted Reduction
Device
Mechanical Rectifier
Reel+ -
Cable
Cable
Anchor
Rot. Gen.
Inv. Red. Dev.
Mech. Rect.
Reel + -Buoy
Concept Group 1a
• Reel, Mech. Rectifier, Reduction Device, and Rotary Generator
Concept Group 1b
• Device integrated into buoy
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Concept Groups (2 & 3)Buoy
Crank
Rotary Generator
Inverted Reduction
Device
+ -Crank Arm
Guide
Side View
Buoy
Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Linear Generator
Anchor
Concept Group 2
• Crank, Reduction Device, and Rotary Generator
Concept Group 3
• Piston and Direct Drive Linear Generator
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Concept Groups (4 & 5)Buoy
TurbineConnected to Rotary Generator
Anchor
Check valves
Piston
Anchor
Buoy
Turbine with Rotary Generator
Concept Group 4
• Piston, Fluid, System of Valves, Turbine, and Rotary Generator
Concept Group 5
• Air Camber, Oscillating Air, Turbine, and Rotary Generator
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Project Budget
Component Qty/Unit High ($ ea.) Low ($ ea.) High Total ($/Unit) Low Total ($/Unit) Motor / Generator / Turbine 1 200 100 200 100 Stainless steel ¼” cable (ft) 50 1 0.5 50 25 Industrial size buoy 1 200 100 200 100 Gears 12 5 3 60 36 Gearbox 1 50 40 50 40 Stainless Steel Shafts (ft) 15 20 15 300 225 Gear and Shaft Grease (tube) 1 8 5 8 5 Waterproof Casings 1 200 50 200 50 O-rings / Sealers 12 0.75 0.5 9 6 Bolted Anchor 1 100 50 100 50 Reel 1 50 40 50 40 Platform 1 100 20 100 20 Hinges 6 3 2 18 12 Microprocessor 1 10 5 10 5 Wiring (ft) 12 0.1 0.02 1.2 0.24 Transformer 1 40 5 40 5 12V battery for power storage 1 70 50 70 50 Check valves 4 8 5 32 20 One-way Clutch 2 10 5 20 10 Nuts and Bolts 30 0.25 0.05 7.5 1.5
Assembly time at $15/hr (hr) 6 4 90 60
Overhead at 10% of Direct Cost 161.57 86.074
Totals $ 1,777.27 $ 946.81
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Deliverables
• Fall 2005– Final Concept Design and Specifications
– CAD Drawing and FEM Analysis
– Control System Design
– Final Project Budget
• Spring 2006– Working Prototype
– Prototype Testing Analysis
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Gantt Chart
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Conclusion
• What’s Next
– Concept Evaluation and Selection
– Designing the System
• Focus on small scale device to harness
wave energy for electrical power
• Analyze concept for industrial scale
feasibility
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Questions or Comments?
