seminario 12 embriologia USMP

8/18/2019 seminario 12 embriologia USMP

1/23

CURSO:

EMBRIOLOGÍA

TEMA:

ONCOGENÉTICA: GENÉTICA DEL CÁNCER

ALUMNOS:

CERVERA VARÍAS CRISTHIAN

LA TORRE GALVEZ CRISTHIAN

GOMEZ ECHEANDIA SOFIA

PANTA QUEZADA, KRISTELL

VELÁSQUEZ MONTENEGRO ÁNGELA


2/23

I. Introducción

Las da!s a"#a$%s &'d&"a' (#% a)*!+&ada%'% #'a d% "ada "#a*! #%*%s s% d%-% a$".'"%* / (#% .s d% $a &ad d% $a )!-$a"&0' s% $% d&a1'!s&"a*. #' ".'"%* &'2as&2! %'a$13' !%'! d% s#s 2&das4 La &'"&d%'"&a d% #"5!s ".'"%*%s %s. a#%'a'd!, %'

1*a' )a*% d%-&d! a$ &'"*%%'% d% $a %dad %d&a d% $a )!-$a"&0'4

Las "a#sas d%$ ".'"%* s!' #'a %6"$a d% a$%*a"&!'%s a-&%'a$%s / 1%'7&"as (#% &%'%'$#1a* %' '#%*!s!s %8&d!s4 La )*%d&s)!s&"&0' 1%'7&"a d%s%)%9a #' )a)%$ %' a$1#'asa&$&as4 E' $a a"#a$&dad, $!s %s)%"a"#$a*%s a2a'"%s d% $a -&!$!1;a / $a 1%'7&"a!$%"#$a* 5a' "$a*&&"ad! $!s %$%%'!s !$%"#$a*%s -.s&"!s d%$ ".'"%* / !*%"%' #'%s-!6! %s(#%.&"! d% $!s s#"%s!s "%$#$a*%s (#% )*!2!"a' %sa %'%*%dad4C!)*%'d%*$!s %'d*. #'a &)!*a'"&a "*#"&a$ %' %$ "!'*!$ d%$ ".'"%*, /a (#%"&%'a*. #'a -as% d% "!'!"&&%'! (#% d%-%*;a "!'d#"&* a #'a %8!*;a s&1'&&"a&2a d%$!s *aa&%'!s /, )!s&-$%%'%, a $a )*%2%'"&0'4

II. Genes y cáncer

II.1. Deinición

E$ ".'"%* %s #' 1*#)! d% *as!*'!s (#% &%'%' %' "!3' %$ *as1! d% #' "*%"&&%'!"%$#$a* &'"!'*!$ad!4 Es! )*!d#"% #'a asa d% "7$#$as d%'!&'ada '%!)$as&a ! #!*4

E' $a a"#a$&dad s% "!'!"%' #"5as d% $as "a*a"%*;s&"as -&!$01&"as -.s&"as d% $a"a*"&'!17'%s&s4 A $! $a*1! d% '#%s*as 2&das, #"5as d% '#%s*as "7$#$as s&1#%'"*%"&%'d! / d&%*%'"&.'d!s%4 C7$#$as ad*% *%$a&2a%'% &'d&%*%'"&adas )*!d#"%'

1*a'd%s "a'&dad%s d% "7$#$as d%s"%'d&%'%s )a*a *%)!-$a* / *%'!2a* '#%s*as "a)asd%%'s&2as 1asadas4 G*a"&as a $a &'%1*a"&0' d% $a &'!*a"&0' !*%"&da )!* #'a"!)$%8a s%*&% d% s%9a$%s -&!(#;&"as, "!' %$ &%)! $as '#%2as "7$#$as d%8a' d%d&2&d&*s% / s% d&%*%'"&a' %' #' &)! "%$#$a* ad%"#ad! )a*a s# #'"&0' "!*)!*a$4 E'"a-&! s& $a "7$#$a %s a'!*a$ ! %s. da9ada, s#*% a)!)!s&s4

E' !"as&!'%s, #'a d% %sas "7$#$as '! s% d&%*%'"&a / %)&%6a a d&2&d&*s% s&' )a*a*4 L!sd%s"%'d&%'%s d% %sas "7$#$as )#%d%' "!'2%*&*s% %' $!s #'dad!*%s d% '%!)$as&as,"a)a"%s d% *a's!*a*s% )!s%*&!*%'% %' #' ".'"%* &'2as&2! %as.s&"!4

La "a#sa -.s&"a d%$ ".'"%* %s %$ da9! d% 1%'%s %s)%";&"!s4 N!*a$%'%, $as#a"&!'%s d% %s!s 1%'%s s% a"##$a' %' $as "7$#$as s!.&"as d#*a'% a9!s, 5asa (#%#'a "7$#$a *%3'% %$ '3%*! s#&"&%'% d% %**!*%s )a*a &'&"&a* #' #!*4 N! !-sa'%, s&$!s da9!s s% )*!d#"%' %' "7$#$as d% $;'%a 1%*&'a$, #'a !*a a$%*ada d% #'! d% %s!s1%'%s )#%d% *a's&&*s% a $!s d%s"%'d&%'%s / )*%d&s)!'%*$!s a$ ".'"%*4 E$ a/!* *&%s1!d% ".'"%* d% %sas )%*s!'as s% d%-% a$ 5%"5! d% (#% "ada #'a d% s#s "7$#$as 5a dad! %$

)*&%* )as! d% $!s 2a*&!s (#% "!)!'%' %$ "a&'! d%$ ".'"%*4

II.!. Tu"ores

E$ "*%"&&%'! "%$#$a* &'"!'*!$ad! )*!d#"% #'a asa d% "7$#$as d%'!&'ada '%!)$as&a

! #!*4 La !*a"&0' d% #!*%s s% d%'!&'a #!*!17'%s&s4 Pa*a (#% $as "7$#$as )#%da' %s"a)a* d% $as *%s*&""&!'%s '!*a$%s (#% &)&d%' s# )*!$&%*a"&0' &'"!'*!$ada


3/23

d%-%' %'%* $#1a* 2a*&!s s#"%s!s "$a2%4 D%-%' )*!d#"&*s% / )*!"*%a*s% s%9a$%s d%"*%"&&%'! ad&"&!'a$%s / $as "7$#$as d%-%' ad(#&*&* *%s&s%'"&a a $as s%9a$%s (#% &'5&-%'s# "*%"&&%'! %' "!'d&"&!'%s '!*a$%s4 Dad! (#% 5a-&#a$%'% %sas "a*a"%*;s&"asd%s%'"ad%'a*;a' %$ )*!"%s! d% a)!)!s&s, $as "7$#$as d%-%' &'2a$&da* %s% )*!"%s! d%a$13' !d!4 E$ #!* '%"%s&a a$&%'a*s% d% a$13' !d!, )!*(#% $! (#% d%-% !-%'%* '#%2a &**&1a"&0' sa'1#;'%a %d&a'% a'1&!17'%s&s4 Pa*a (#% %$ #!* ad(#&%*a $a"!'d&"&0' d% a$&1'!, %' $a "#a$ $as '%!)$as&as &'2ad%' %8&d!s "%*"a'!s / s%%asa&6a' a $#1a*%s .s $%8a'!s d%$ "#%*)!, d%-% s#)%*a* !*as s%9a$%s &'5&-&d!*as4 La"a)a"&dad d% &'2ad&* / %asa&6a* d&s&'1#% $as '%!)$as&as a$&1'as d% $as -%'&1'as4

L!s #!*%s s% "$as&&"a' %' #'"&0' d%$ &)! d% %8&d! %' %$ (#% s#*1%'4 L!s )*&'"&)a$%s&)!s d% #!*%s s!' $!s d% %8&d! %)&%$&a$


4/23

a%"ad!s s!' %$ &*!&d%s, $as )a*a&*!&d%s / $as s#)*a**%'a$%s, )%*! s&' )*%d&s)!s&"&0' a )ad%"%* ".'"%*%s %' 1%'%*a$4

• L!s #!*%s d% %s% 1*#)! s#%$%' as!"&a*s% a #' %'!&)! &'d&"ad!* %s)%";&"!4

E' %$ %8&d! a%"ad! )#%d%' a)a*%"%* 3$&)$%s #!*%s -%'&1'!s, "!! !"#**%%' $a )!$&)!s&s a&$&a* d%$ "!$!' ! %' $as MEN4 A 2%"%s, $!s %8&d!s )*%s%'a'a$%*a"&!'%s (#% '! "!'s&#/%' $a d&a'a d% $a *a's!*a"&0'


5/23

".'"%*4 A %s% *%s)%"!, *%s#$a' &'%*%sa'%s $!s 1%'%s (#% "!d&&"a' $as %'6&as"&!"*!! P>P4

!.,. Etio(o-)% y $%ctores ue inter*ienen en (% etio(o-)% de( cáncer.

T&)!s d&%*%'%s d% ".'"%* &%'%' "a#sas d&%*%'%s / )#%d%' d%)%'d%* d% #"5!sa"!*%s4 A$1#'!s ".'"%*%s s!' .s "!#'%s (#% !*!s / $as )!s&-&$&dad%s d%s#)%*2&2%'"&a 2a*;a' %'*% &)!s d&s&'!s4 La a/!*;a d% $!s ".'"%*%s '! &%'%' "a#sas"!'!"&das d% !*&1%' (#;&"!, a-&%'a$, 1%'7&"!, &'#'!$01&"! ! 2&*a$ / a-&7'

s#*1%' %s)!'.'%a%'% )!* "a#sas (#% s!' )!* $! a'! &'%+)$&"a-$%s4 Las "a#sas d%$ ".'"%* s!' #/ "!)$%8as % &)$&"a' a'! a "7$#$as "!! a a"!*%s %'%$ %d&! a-&%'%4 S% 5a' *%a$&6ad! #"5!s a2a'"%s %' $a &d%'&&"a"&0' d% "a#sas

)!s&-$%s d% ".'"%*, (#% &'"$#/%':

Sust%nci%s u)"ic%s y de otro ti+o. La %+)!s&"&0' a s#sa'"&as "!! %s %$ "as! d%"&%*as s#sa'"&as (#;&"as, %a$%s ! )%s&"&das, )#%d% a#%'a* %$ *&%s1! d% ".'"%*4T!da s#sa'"&a (#;&"a (#% s% sa-% )*!d#"&* ".'"%* s% "!'!"% "!! "a*"&'01%'!4As-%s!, ';(#%$, "ad&!, #*a'&!, *ad0', "$!*#*! d% 2&'&$!, -%'"&d%'! / -%'"%'! s!'%8%)$!s d% "a*"&'01%'!s "!'!"&d!s4 Es!s )#%d%' a"#a* d% a'%*a a&s$ada !"!'8#'a%'% "!' !*!s "a*"&'01%'!s, "!! %$ 5#! d%$ "&1a**&$$!, )a*a &'"*%%'a* %$*&%s1! d% ".'"%*4 P!* %8%)$!, $a &'5a$a"&0' d% &-*as d% as-%s! a#%'a %$ *&%s1! d%%'%*%dad%s )#$!'a*%s, &'"$#&d! %$ ".'"%* / %$ *&%s1! d% ".'"%* %s %s)%"&a$%'% a$!

)a*a $as )%*s!'as (#% *a-a8a' "!' as-%s! / #a'4

T%'%co. L!s "a*"&'01%'!s .s "!#'%s %' '#%s*a s!"&%dad s!' a(#%$$!s )*%s%'%s %'%$ 5#! d%$ "&1a**&$$!4 S% sa-% (#% %$ 5#! d%$ a-a"! "!'&%'% a$ %'!s ?"a*"&'01%'!s / s#sa'"&as 0+&"as )a*a %$ d%sa**!$$!4 Ad%.s d% "a#sa* ?@ a ?@ d%$!s ".'"%*%s d% )#$0', %$ "!'s#! d% a-a"! s% as!"&a a-&7' "!' ".'"%*%s d% $a

-!"a, a*&'1%, $a*&'1%, %s0a1!, ).'"*%as, *&90' / 2%8&1a4 E2&a* $!s )*!d#"!s d%$ a-a"!%s #'a a'%*a d% d&s&'#&* %$ *&%s1! d% ".'"%* d% #'a )%*s!'a4


6/23

R%di%ción ioni/%nte. C&%*!s &)!s d% *ad&a"&0', "!! *ad&!1*a;as, *a/!s d% s#sa'"&as*ad&!a"&2as / *a/!s #$*a2&!$%as d% $a %+)!s&"&0' a$ s!$, )#%d%' )*!d#"&* da9! a$ ADNd% $as "7$#$as, $! "#a$ )#%d% )*!2!"a* ".'"%*4

0erenci%. C&%*!s &)!s d% ".'"%* !"#**%' .s *%"#%'%%'% %' a$1#'as a&$&as (#%%' !*as, $! "#a$ &'d&"a "&%*a )*%d&s)!s&"&0' 5%*%dada a $a a)a*&"&0' d%$ ".'"%*4 S&'%-a*1!, &'"$#s! %' %s!s "as!s, %$ %d&! a-&%'% d%s%)%9a #'a #'"&0' %' %$d%sa**!$$! d%$ ".'"%*4

$ACTORES DE RIESGO DE CNCER

Dad! (#% %$ ".'"%* '! %s #'a s!$a %'%*%dad, '! &%'% #'a s!$a "a#sa4 M#"5as "a#sas! a"!*%s d% *&%s1! )#%d%' "!'*&-#&* a $a )!s&-&$&dad d% (#% #'a )%*s!'a "!'*a&1a %$".'"%*4 L!s a"!*%s d% *&%s1! s!' d&%*%'%s "!' "ada &)! d% ".'"%*4 Es &)!*a'%

*%"!*da* (#% #'a d% "ada *%s )%*s!'as )ad%"%*. ".'"%* d#*a'% s# 2&da4

L!s a"!*%s d% *&%s1! )#%d%' &'"$#&* %$%%'!s a$%s "!! %dad, *a6a, s%+!, a"!*%s1%'7&"!s, d&%a / %+)!s&"&0' a s#sa'"&as (#;&"as, *ad&a"&0' / a-a"!4 La 1%'7&"a

d%s%)%9a #'a 1*a' #'"&0' )a*a $a a/!*;a d% $!s ".'"%*%s, "!! %s %$ "as! d%$ ".'"%* d% aa / %$ ".'"%* d% "!$!'4 Es! s&1'&&"a (#% $a 5&s!*&a ".'"%*4

$ACTORES DEL ESTILO DE 2IDA

Las %$%""&!'%s )%*s!'a$%s (#% *%a$&6a!ss!-*% $a a'%*a %' (#% 2&2&!s )#%d%'a#%'a* '#%s*a )*!-a-&$&dad d% "!'*a%* ".'"%*4 Esas %$%""&!'%s s% d%'!&'a'a"!*%s d%$ %s&$! d% 2&da % &'"$#/%' "!'s#! d% a-a"!, "!'s#! %+"%s&2! d% -%-&dasa$"!50$&"as % &'1%sa d% a$&%'!s "!' #' %+"%s! d% "a$!*;as, a$! "!'%'&d! 1*as! / -a8!"!'%'&d! d% &-*as4 O*!s a"!*%s (#% a#%'a' %$ *&%s1! s% *%$a"&!'a' "!' %$ "!'a"!s%+#a$ / $a %+)!s&"&0' a$ s!$4

Los factores de riesgo son elementos que aumentan la posibilidad

de contraer cáncer. La mayoría de los cánceres probablemente se

relacionan con más de un factor de riesgo. Algunos factores de

riesgo pueden controlarse mientras que otros no.


7/23

T%'%co: T*%&'a )!* "&%'! d% !d!s $!s ".'"%*%s s% a*&-#/%' a "!'s#&* ! as"a* a-a"!4 E$ "!'s#! d% "&1a**&$$!s s% as!"&a a-&7' "!' ".'"%*%s d% -!"a, a*&'1%,$a*&'1%, %s0a1!, ).'"*%as, *&90' / 2%8&1a4

Diet%: L!s &'2%s&1ad!*%s d%s"#-*&%*!' (#% &)!s d&%*%'%s d% a$&%'!s "!'s#&d!s

*%)%*"#%' %' %$ *&%s1! d% "!'*a%* ".'"%*4 A)*!+&ada%'% ?@ d% $!s ".'"%*%s s%*%$a"&!'a' "!' $a d&%a4

A-entes inecciosos: A$1#'!s 2&*#s &%'%' $a "a)a"&dad d% *a's!*a* "7$#$as %'".'"%*4 E8%)$!s &'"$#/%' a= %$ 2&*#s d%$ )a)&$!a 5#a'!


8/23

!.6. Et%+%s de( des%rro((o de un cáncer

L!s s&s%as d% %sad&&"a"&0' )a*a ".'"%* 5a' %2!$#"&!'ad! "!' %$ &%)!4 S&1#%'"a-&a'd! "!'!*% $!s "&%';&"!s a)*%'d%' .s a"%*"a d%$ ".'"%*4 A$1#'!s s&s%asd% %sad&&"a"&0' "#-*%' #"5!s &)!s d% ".'"%* !*!s s% %'!"a' %' #' &)! )a*&"#$a*4

L!s %$%%'!s "!#'%s (#% s% "!'s&d%*a' %' $a a/!*;a d% $!s s&s%as d%%sad&&"a"&0' s!':

• E$ s&&! d%$ #!* )*&a*&! / %$ &)! d% "7$#$a


9/23

$as "7$#$as "a'"%*!sas a !*as )a*%s d%$ "#%*)!4 U' '3%*! s% a9ad% a "ada $%*a )a*a&'d&"a* %$ aa9! ! %+%'s&0' d%$ #!* )*&a*&! / %$ 1*ad! d% d&s%&'a"&0' d%$ ".'"%*4

Tu"or +ri"%rio ;T<

T= N! %s )!s&-$% %2a$#a* #' #!* )*&a*&!

T> N! 5a/ %2&d%'"&a d% #!* )*&a*&!

Tis

Ca*"&'!a &' s&# N! %+&s% "!)$&"a"&0' d% 1a'1$&!s $&'.&"!s

N1, N!, N#G*ad! d% "!)$&"a"&0' d% $!s 1a'1$&!s $&'.&"!s *%1&!'a$%s


10/23

Est%dio Deinición

Esad&! ? Ca*"&'!a &' s&#4

Esad&! I,Esad&! II/ Esad&!III

L!s '3%*!s .s a$!s &'d&"a' %'%*%dad .s %+%'sa: U'aa9! a/!* d%$ #!* ! d&s%&'a"&0' d%$ ".'"%* a#%*ad%$ 0*1a'! %' d!'d% s% !*0 !*&1&'a$%'% 5a"&a $!s 1a'1$&!s$&'.&"!s 2%"&'!s ! a 0*1a'!s ! %8&d!s "%*"a'!s a$ s&&! d%$#!* )*&a*&!

Esad&! IV E$ ".'"%* s% 5a d&s%&'ad! a 0*1a'!s ! %8&d!s d&sa'%s

M.s ad%$a'% s% d%s"*&-%' $as #%'%s (#% !*%"%' &'!*a"&0' ad&"&!'a$ s!-*% $a%sad&&"a"&0' d% &)!s %s)%";&"!s d% ".'"%*4

!.? @rotoonco-enes y onco-enes

L!s )*!!!!'"!1%'%s s!' 1%'%s &'"$#&d!s %' %$ 1%'!a 5#a'! (#% *%1#$a' %$"*%"&&%'! / $a d&%*%'"&a"&0' "%$#$a*4 S#s )*!%;'as s% %+)*%sa' %' d&%*%'%s

!%'!s d%$ "&"$! / s!' &)*%s"&'d&-$%s )a*a s# *%1#$a"&0'4 E' )*&'"&)&!, %$ 7*&'! )*!!!'"!17' )#%d% s%* "!'#s!, /a (#% &)$&"a d% !*a %**0'%a (#% %s!s 1%'%s%+&s%' "!' %$ 3'&"! &' d% %+)*%sa* #' %'!&)! #!*a$, "#a'd! *%a$%'% s# #'"&0'%s %s%'"&a$ )a*a $a *%1#$a"&0' d%$ "&"$! "%$#$a*4 D%%*&'ad!s "a-&!s %s*#"#*a$%s /!#'"&!'a$%s %' $!s )*!!!'"!1%'%s "!'*&-#/%' a $a a$&1'&6a"&0' d% $a %s&*)% "%$#$a*,"!'2&*&7'd!$!s %' !'"!1%'%s4 Es!s !'"!1%'%s !*&1&'a*.' )*!%;'as "!'%+)*%s&0'#'"&0' a$%*ada (#% a2!*%"%*.' %$ "*%"&&%'! /! $a &'2as&2&dad #!*a$4

La &'2%s&1a"&0' d% %s!s 1%'%s, 5a &d! as!"&ada a $!s a2a'"%s (#% s% 5a' *%a$&6ad! %' -&!$!1;a !$%"#$a* s!-*% $!s 1%'%s *a's!*a'%s d% $!s 2&*#s4 D% %sa a'%*a s%

d%s"#-*&0 $a *%$a"&0' %'*% %$ 2&*#s d%$ )a)&$!a 5#a'! / ".'"%* d% "7*2&+, VHB /".'"%* 5%).&"!, ! VEB / $&'!a d% B#*& / %$ "a*"&'!a 'as!a*;'1%!, %'*% !*!s4

L!s !'"!1%'%s s0$! )*%"&sa' %sa* #ad!s %' #' a$%$!, )a*a (#% s% )*!d#6"a $as!-*%%+)*%s&0' d% #'a )*!%;'a dada / %sa %8%*6a s# a""&0' )*!!!*a4 E$

)as!a"&2a"&0' d% )*!!!'"!17' a !'"!17' s% )#%d% )*!d#"&* )!* d&%*%'%s%"a'&s!s:

T*a's$!"a"&0': "#a'd! #'a )a*% d% #' "*!!s!a s% $&1a a !*!4 E$ *%s#$ad! %s

#' 5;-*&d! d% "*!!s!a, d%%"a-$% %' %$ "a*&!&)!4 Es! da $#1a* a #'a

a$%*a"&0' %' $a *a's"*&)"&0' d%$ DNA4

http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR0000257523&version=Patient&language=Spanishhttp://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR0000415317&version=Patient&language=Spanishhttp://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR0000046597&version=Patient&language=Spanishhttp://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR0000257523&version=Patient&language=Spanishhttp://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR0000415317&version=Patient&language=Spanishhttp://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=CDR0000046597&version=Patient&language=Spanish


11/23

M#a"&!'%s )#'#a$%s: s#s&#"&0' d% #' )a* d% -as%s )!* !*! )a* %' #'a

s%"#%'"&a d% DNA, )!* %8%)$! G:C )!* A:T4 A)$&&"a"&0': $as "7$#$as %#"a*&!as %s.' !*adas )!* #' 1%'!a d&)$!&d%, %s

d%"&*, &%'%' d!s "!)&as d% "ada 1%'4 E' d%%*&'adas "&*"#'sa'"&as #'a d% $as"!)&as )#%d% #$&)$&"a*s% &$%s d% 2%"%s, a#%'a'd! s# asa d% %+)*%s&0',da'd! $#1a* a $a a)$&&"a"&0' d%$ 1%'4 Es #'! d% $!s %"a'&s!s .s5a-&#a$%'% &)$&"ad!s %' $a "a*"&'!17'%s&s4

M#a17'%s&s )!* &'s%*"&0': )*!d#"&da )!* $a &'s%*"&0' d%$ ADN d%$ 2&*#s %' %$

1%'!a d%$ 5#7s)%d4

!. Genes su+resores de cáncer

L!s 1%'%s s#)*%s!*%s d% #!*%s "!'*!$a' %$ "&"$! "%$#$a* %2&a'd! %$ "*%"&&%'!

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Pa*a (#% %s!s 1%'%s s#)*%s!*%s ad(#&%*a' s# "a)a"&dad !'"!17'&"a, '%"%s&a' s#*&* #a"&!'%s &'d%)%'d&%'%s %' a-!s a$%$!s, d% a'%*a (#% )&%*da' "!)$%a%'% s#"a)a"&dad #'"&!'a$4 C!! "!'s%"#%'"&a, %$ "*%"&&%'! "%$#$a* (#%da s&' *%1#$a"&0',

)*!d#"&7'd!s% #'a )*!$&%*a"&0' d%s"!'*!$ada (#% )#%d% "!'d#"&* a $a !*a"&0' d%#!*%s4 Es d%"&*, $a a$%*a"&0' s% a'&&%sa "!' "a*."%* *%"%s&2!4 Ta-&7' )#%d% s%*

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12/23

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13/23

"*0'&"a %d&a'% %$ %s#d&! "&!1%'7&"!, /a (#% a'%s d% (#% a)a*%6"a' $!s s;'!as s%%'"#%'*a' a$%*a"&!'%s (#% #%s*a' #' )a*0' d% %2!$#"&0' "$!'a$4 Las a$%*a"&!'%s(#% )#%d%' %'"!'*a*s% %' $a as% -$.s&"a s!': *&s!;a d%$ "*!!s!a , )*%s%'"&a d%#' d!-$% "*!!s!a4 Esa 2a*&a-&$&dad )#%d% d%-%*s% a d&%*%'"&as %' $a s#s"%)&-&$&dad! %' $a %+)!s&"&0' a a1%'%s 1%'!0+&"!s

ALTERACIONES CROMOSMICAS EN EL CÁNCER HUMANO ! (#&7*&"! (#%s% !*a %s %$ *%s#$ad! d% $a #s&0' d%$ %+*%! d% -"* / %$ %+*%! d% "a-$ /

)*!d#"% #' RNA d% 4 &$! -as%4 E$ )*!d#"! d%$ 1%' 5;-*&d! -"*a-$ %s %$ )!$&)7)&d! ? (#% %s. )*%s%'% %' $as "7$#$as d% $a $%#"%&a &%$!&d% "*0'&"a, %'2%6 d%$ )*!d#"! '!*a$ d% "a-$ (#% %s %$ )!$&)7)&d! >4 L!s a&'!."&d!s d%$%+*%! N%*&'a$ d% %sa )*!%;'a s!' *%%)$a6ad!s )!* ?? a&'!."&d!s "!d&&"ad!s

)!* -"* %s! a)a*%'%%'% $% "!'&%*% a $a )*!%;'a "a)a"&dad !'"!17'&"a, /a (#% s%*aa d% #'a &*!s&'a"&'asa (#% )*%s%'a 5!!$!1;a "!' #' *%"%)!* *a's%-*a'a$

*%$a"&!'ad! "!' %$ "!'*!$ d% $a )*!$&%*a"&0' "%$#$a* '!*a$4 La $%#"%&a a1#da '!$&'!";&"a


14/23

%*a)&a4 C%*"a d%$ ?@ d% $!s )a"&%'%s "!' )!$&"&%&a 2%*a )*%s%'a' a$%*a"&!'%s"*!!s0&"as, a$%s "!! $a d%$%"&0' ?(,$a d%$%"&0' (, $as *&s!;as / / $a*&s!;a )a*"&a$ d%$ -*a6! $a*1! d%$"*!!s!a 4 La $%#"%&a a1#da$&'!-$.s&"a (W, %$ "#a$ s% d%-%, %' $aa/!*;a d% $!s "as!s, a $a =


15/23

d!'d% s% $!"a$&6a' $!s 1%'%s d% $as "ad%'as $&1%*as $a-da4 E' %s!s d!s 3$&!s "as!s$!s 1%'%s d% $as "ad%'as $&1%*as )asa' a $a 2%"&'dad d% "/" %' %$ "*!!s!a E$!'"!1%' "/" &%'% *%s %+!'%s: %$ )*&%*! %' %$ %+*%! "!'&%'% "!d!'%s d%%*&'a"&0' / '! %s *ad#"&d! a )*!%;'a $!s !*!s d!s %+!'%s )*!d#"%' #'a )*!%;'a(#% &%'% $a )*!)&%dad d% #'&*s% a$ ADN4 E' $a *a's$!"a"&0' > %$ s&&! d%*!)&&%'! %' (> %s s&%)*% )*!+&a$ a$ %+0' TI, )!* $! (#% !da $a &'!*a"&0' (#%"!d&&"a )a*a $a )*!%;'a %' $a -a'da(4 E' %sa *%1&0' $!s *!)&&%'!s !"#**%' .s *%"#%'%%'% %' $!s s&&!s d%"!'*!$ ! #'&0', *%1&!'%s S / J, d% $as "ad%'as )%sadas d% $as &'*'#'!1$!-#$&'as, )!* $!(#% "/" s% *%#-&"a %' $as )*!+&&dad%s d% $a *%1&0' "!'sa'% d% $as "ad%'as )%sadas4C!' %s% "a-&! s% d%**%)*&% %' !'"!1%' / %'!'"%s s% )*!d#"%' "a'&dad%s %+"%s&2asd% s# )*!%;'a


16/23

$)4 La )7*d&da d% 5%%*!"&1!"&dad )a*a %$ "!**%s)!'d&%'% 1%' s#)*%s!* a-&7' 5as&d! d%!s*ada %' %s% #!*4 E$ )a)%$ d% %sa d%$%"&0' 5a s&d! &'2%s&1ad! %d&a'%7"'&"a d% 5&-*&d&6a"&0' )!* &"*!*a's%*%'"&a "%$#$a*, a$ &'*!d#"&* #' "*!!s!a $ '!*a$ %' $as "7$#$as #!*a$%s4 Esas "7$#$as, a )%sa* d% %'%* %$ "*!!s!a '!*a$,%+)*%sa' s#s "a*a"%*;s&"as 5a-&#a$%s d% "#$&2! / d% #'"&!'a&%'! d% s#s !'"!1%'%s4S&' %-a*1!, )&%*d%' )!* "!)$%! $a "a)a"&dad d% !*a* #!*%s "#a'd! s!'*a's)$a'adas a *a!'%s d%s'#d!s


17/23

*%"&%'%s s% 5a &d%'&&"ad! #' 1%' $!"a$&6ad! %' ) 5!0$!1! a $a )*!%;'aHMS, (#% %s. &'2!$#"*ad! %' $a a)a*&"&0' d%$ ".'"%* 5%*%d&a*&! d% "!$!' s&' )!$&)!s&s/ (#%, "#a'd! %s. #ad!, '! )%*&% #'a ad%"#ada *%)a*a"&0' d%$ da9!"*!!s0&"!4 La *as"%'d%'"&a d% %s!s5a$$a61!s "&!1%'7&"!s / !$%"#$a*%s %' %$%s#d&! d% $as '%!)$as&as )#%d% %s&a*s% %8!* a$ "!'s&d%*a* (#% $a *%2&sa S"&%'"%, %' s#3$&! '3%*! d%$ a9!, 5a s%9a$ad! a $a

)*!%;'a ) "!! $a M!$7"#$a d%$ )!* $as )!s&-&$&dad%s (#% !*%"% )a*a $a &d%'&&"a"&0'%)*a'a d% $!s &'d&2&d#!s s#s"%)&-$%s / )!* $as a$%'ad!*as )%*s)%"&2as (#% )%*&%2&s$#-*a* )a*a %$ *aa&%'! d%$ ".'"%*4

#. E( cáncer y e( "edio %"'iente:

Cont%"in%ntes de( %-u% de consu"o:

Arsénico:

E$ a*s7'&"! %s #' "a*"&'01%'! d%!s*ad! %'5#a'!s


18/23

*ad&"&!'a$%'% .s a)$&"ad! / $!s s#-)*!d#"!s .s )*%2a$%'%s s!' $!s*&5a$!%a'!s


19/23

$as )a*%s -a8as d% $!s %d&&"&!s, "!! )!* %8%)$! s0a'!s a$ a&*%ad!s4 La )*&'"&)a$2;a d% %+)!s&"&0' a %s% 1as %s )!* 2;a *%s)&*a!*&a4 La #%'% )*%d!&'a'% d%$ *ad0' %'%$ a&*% &'%*&!* d% $!s %d&&"&!s / 2&2&%'das %s %$ s#%$! s!-*% %$ (#% s% #-&"a' ! (#% *!d%ad&"5as "!'s*#""&!'%s4 L!s %s#d&!s %)&d%&!$01&"!s #%s*a' (#% $a %+)!s&"&0' a$*ad0' "a#sa ".'"%* d% )#$0' %' )!-$a"&0' ad#$a /, a$ 2%6, !*!s &)!s d% ".'"%*,a#'(#% $a %2&d%'"&a d% s# %%"! %' %s!s 3$&!s '! %s "!'"$#/%'%4 A"#a$%'%, '!%+&s% %2&d%'"&a "&%';&"a s!-*% $a *%$a"&0' %'*% %$ *ad0' %' $#1a*%s "%**ad!s / %$ *&%s1!d% ".'"%* %' )!-$a"&0' &'a'&$4 E' E#*!)a s% 5a %s&ad! (#% %'*% #' >@ d% $!s".'"%*%s d% )#$0' )!d*;a d%-%*s% a $a %+)!s&"&0' a *ad0' %' a-&%'%s &'%*&!*%s4

Amianto:

E$ 7*&'! a&a'! d%s&1'a d&2%*s!s &)!s d% as-%s!s, &'%*a$%s "!' !*a &$a%'!s$%+&-$%s / )!"! *%s&s%'%s, (#% (#;&"a%'% s% "!**%s)!'d%' "!' s&$&"a!s 5&d*aad!sd% a1'%s&!, 5&%**! / !*!s %a$%s4 E$ a&a'! s% 5a #&$&6ad! )a*a $a "!'%""&0' d%

*a8%s *%s&s%'%s a$ "a$!*, %$ *%"#-*&&%'! d% "a$d%*as / %(#&)!s %$7"*&"!s, / $aa-*&"a"&0' a%*&a$ )a*a $a "!'s*#""&0' "!! %$ &-*!"%%'!


20/23

a%*&a 2&2a #/ d&2%*s!s4 S% )#%d%' %'"!'*a* %' %$ a1#a, a&*%, a$&%'!s, )*!d#"!sd% 5&1&%'% )%*s!'a$, "!s7&"a, $&)&%6a, a-*&"a"&0' d% %(#&)!s, #%'s&$&!s %&'s*#%'!s, #%-$%s / a%*&a$%s d% !d! &)!4 E$ &'%*7s "&%';&"! s% "%'*a %' %$

)!s&-$% *&%s1! )a*a $a sa$#d d%-&d! a $a %+)!s&"&0' "*0'&"a /! %)*a'a a"!'"%'*a"&!'%s )%(#%9as4

#esticidas:

La %+)!s&"&0' $a-!*a$ a d%%*&'ad!s )$a1#&"&das a*s%'&"a$%s / !*1a'!"$!*ad!s s% 5aas!"&ad! "!' #' )%(#%9! &'"*%%'! d% ".'"%* d% )#$0'4 Ta-&7' s% 5a !-s%*2ad! #'&'"*%%'! %' $as asas d% !*a$&dad )a*a !*!s &)!s d% ".'"%* "!! $!s $&'!as /$%#"%&as %' %s#d&!s "!' a1*&"#$!*%s ! %' 6!'as d% #s! &'%'s&2! d% )$a1#&"&das, (#%%' -#%'a %d&da /a '! s% #&$&6a' %' $!s )a;s%s !""&d%'a$%s4

$ifenilos policlorados (#!$s:

L!s PCBs s% 5a' "$as&&"ad! "!! )*!-a-$%%'% "a'"%*;1%'!s4 M#%s*a' #'aas!"&a"&0' "!'s&s%'% "!' $&'!as '! H!d1&'4 S% 5a !-s%*2ad! #'a &'%*a""&0' %'*%$a %+)!s&"&0' a d%%*&'ad!s PCBs / #a"&!'%s %' *%$a"&0' a$ ".'"%* %+!"*&'! d%

).'"*%as4 S&' %-a*1!, $!s *%s#$ad!s %' *%$a"&0' a$ ".'"%* d% aa '! s!'"!'s&s%'%s4 La as!"&a"&0' "!' !*!s &)!s d% ".'"%* "!! %$ ".'"%* "!$!*%"a$ %sa&'s#&"&%'%%'% %s#d&ada4 E' )!-$a"&0' &'a'&$ %+&s% "&%*a %2&d%'"&a (#% as!"&a $a!"#)a"&0' d% $!s )ad*%s (#% &)$&(#% %+)!s&"&0' a d&s!$2%'%s / )&'#*as / %$ *&%s1! d%$%#"%&as / ".'"%*%s d%$ s&s%a '%*2&!s!4 Ta-&7' s% 5a' d%s"*&! ".'"%*%s %'

)!-$a"&0' &'a'&$ %' $!s (#% s% s!s)%"5a $a *%$a"&0' "!' !*1a'!"$!*ad!s /

!*1a'!!s!*ad!s, as; "!! "!' $a %+)!s&"&0' $a-!*a$ d% $!s )ad*%s a d&"5as s#sa'"&as !"!' $a #&$&6a"&0' d% d&"5as s#sa'"&as )a*a #s! d!7s&"! ! &'"$#s! )a*a *aa&%'!sa'&)a*as&a*&!s4 S&' %-a*1!, %$ 1*ad! d% %2&d%'"&a '! )%*&% "!'s&d%*a* "!! "a#sa$$a *%$a"&0' %'*% %+)!s&"&0' a )$a1#&"&das / ".'"%* &'a'&$4

%ioxinas:

Las d&!+&'as s!' #' "!'8#'! d% s#sa'"&as !*1a'!"$!*adas, $&)!;$&"as, -&!a"##$a-$%s/ )%*s&s%'%s4 E' 5#a'!s, $as d&!+&'as s% %a-!$&6a' / s% %$&&'a' $%'a%'%4 La

,,, %*a"$!*!d&-%'6!)a*ad&!+&'a


21/23

*%a$&6ad!s %' "!5!*%s &'d&"a' (#% $as d&!+&'as "a#sa' #' %+"%s! d% *&%s1! d%!*a$&dad )!* ".'"%*4 E' 2a*&as "!5!*%s s% 5a !-s%*2ad! #' a#%'! d%$ *&%s1! d%sa*"!as %' %8&d!s -$a'd!s, d% $&'!as '!'H!d1&' / d% ".'"%* d% )#$0'A"#a$%'% %$ d&$%a *%a$ '! %s s& $as d&!+&'as s!' ! '! "a*"&'01%'as, s&'! $a"#a'&&"a"&0' d%$ *&%s1! as!"&ad! a $as %+)!s&"&!'%s a #/ -a8! '&2%$ d% $a )!-$a"&0'1%'%*a$4 La %2&d%'"&a %' 5#a'!s %s a-&7' "!'"$#/%'% )a*a %%"!s d%*a!$01&"!s


22/23

%'*% *ad&a"&0' s!$a* UV / *&%s1! d% %$a'!a, ".'"%* d% )&%$ '! %$a'!a!s!, ".'"%* $a-&a$ / "aa*aas4 S&' %-a*1! $a a/!*;a d% %s#d&!s s% 5a' *%a$&6ad! %' )!-$a"&!'%sa'1$!sa8!'as / %+&s% )!"a %2&d%'"&a %' )!-$a"&0' Es)a9!$a ! d%$ s#* d% E#*!)a4

C%"+os e(ectro"%-n9ticos de '%4% recuenci%:

Las #%'%s d% $!s "a)!s %$%"*!a1'7&"!s &"*!T%s$a '! %s.' a a/!* *&%s1! d%$%#"%&a4[ H!/ d;a '! %+&s%' da!s %)&d%&!$01&"!s "!'s&s%'%s (#% )*!)!*"&!'%'&'d&"&!s d% (#% $a %+)!s&"&0' a CEM d% #' a)$&! *a'1! d% *ad&!*%"#%'"&as


23/23

%+)!s&"&0' a $as &-*as d% as-%s! ! $a *%d#""&0' d%$ 1as *ad0' %' %$ 5!1a*4Las 7"'&"as d% d%%""&0' )*%"!6 )#%d%' *%a$&6a*s% )a*a %$ ".'"%* d% "7*2&+

Documents

seminario 12 embriologia USMP