Seminars @ Knowledge-based Systems Group 192-03

SS 2018

Seminar Topic Assignment

Institut of Logic and ComputationKnowledge-Based Systems Group

www.kr.tuwien.ac.at

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Seminar TopicsSeminars:

ä Seminar in Theoretical Computer Scienceä Seminar in Artificial Intelligenceä Seminar in Logicä Seminar in Knowledge Representation and Reasoningä Seminar in Cryptography

Topicsä Refutation Calculi (Tompits)ä Logical Formalisms for Axiomatising Dishonesty (Tompits)ä Quantum Logic: Basics and Proof Theory (Tompits)ä Answer-Set Programming (Tompits)ä Marvin Minsky: “The Emotion Machine” – Towards Affective AIä History of Logic (Tompits, Eiter)ä Data and Knowledge Processing (Eiter)ä Artificial Intelligence (Eiter)ä Cryptography (Egly)ä Solvers and Proof Systems for QBFs (Egly)ä Digital Transformation and AI (Egly)

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Refutation Calculi

1. T. Skura. Refutation systems in propositional logic. Handbook ofPhilosophical Logic, 2011.

2. J. Lukasiewicz. Aristotle’s Syllogistic from the Standpoint ofModern Formal Logic. 1951.

3. A. Tamminga. Logics of rejection: two systems of naturaldeduction. Logique & Analyse, 1994.

4. U. Wybraniec-Skardowska and J. Waldmajer. On pairs of dualconsequence operations. Logica Universalis, 2011.

5. T. Skura. A refutation theory. Logica Universalis, 2009.

6. V. Goranko. Refutation systems in modal logic. Studia Logica, 1994.

7. R. Dutkiewicz. The method of axiomatic rejection for theintuitionistic propositional calculus. Studia Logica, 1989.

8. P. Bonatti, N. Olivetti. Sequent calculi for propositionalnonmonotonic logics. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic,2002.

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Logical Formalisms for Axiomatising Dishonesty

1. Harry G. Frankfurt: On Bullshit. Princeton Univ. Press, 2005.

2. Hans van Ditmarsch, Jan van Eijck, Floor Sietsma, Yanjing Wang:On the Logic of Lying. Games, Actions and Social Software, 2012:

3. Hans van Ditmarsch: Dynamics of Lying. Synthese, 2014.

4. Ngoc-Hieu Nguyen, T. C. Son, E. Pontelli, C. Sakama: ASP-Prologfor Negotiation among Dishonest Agents. LPNMR 2011.

5. Chiaki Sakama: Dishonest Reasoning by Abduction. IJCAI 2011.

6. Chiaki Sakama, Tran Cao Son, Enrico Pontelli: A LogicalFormulation for Negotiation among Dishonest Agents. IJCAI 2011.

7. Chiaki Sakama: Learning Dishonesty. ILP 2012.

8. Chiaki Sakama, Martin Caminada, Andreas Herzig: A FormalAccount of Dishonesty. Logic Journal of the IGPL, 2015.

9. Chiaki Sakama, Katsumi Inoue: Abduction, ConversationalImplicature and Misleading in Human Dialogues. Logic Journal ofthe IGPL, 2016

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Quantum Logic: Basics and Proof Theory

ä M. L. Dalla Chiara and R. Giuntini. Quantum Logics. Handbook ofPhilosophical Logic Vol. 6, 2002.

ä H. Nishimura. Gentzen Methods in Quantum Logic. Handbook ofQuantum Logic and Quantum Structures, 2009.

ä Natural Deduction System for Quantum Logic. In: P. Gibbins,Particles and Paradoxes, Cambridge University Press, 1987.

ä N. Kamide. Proof Theory of Paraconsistent Quantum Logic.Journal of Philosophical Logic, 2017.

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Answer-Set Programming (ASP)

ä Topic:

• Applications of controlled-natural language in ASP.

ä Selection of works:

• Erdem & Oztok: Generating Explanations for BiomedicalQueries. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 15(1),35–78 (2015)

• Schwitter: The Jobs Puzzle: Taking on the Challenge viaControlled Natural Language Processing. Theory and Practiceof Logic Programming 13(4-5), 487–501 (2013)

• Fuchs, Kaljurand, & Kuhn: Attempto Controlled English forKnowledge Representation. Proc. 4th International SummerSchool on Reasoning Web, Springer (2008)

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Marvin Minsky: “The Emotion Machine” –Towards Affective AI

Marvin Minsky: The Emotion Machine—Commonsense Thinking,Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind, 2006

“The question is not whether intelligent machines can have anyemotions, but whether machines can be intelligent withoutemotions.”

– Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind, 1985

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Marvin Minsky: “The Emotion Machine” –Towards Affective AI (ctd.)

From the contents:

ä Falling in Love

ä Attachments and Goals

ä From Pain to Suffering

ä Consciousness

ä Levels of Mental Activities

ä Common Sense

ä Thinking

ä Resourcefulness

ä The Self

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History of Logic

ä Additional topics not covered in the VO History of Logic.

ä Topics:

1. Stoic and Megarian logic

2. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716): Works about modallogic

3. Charles Sanders Peirce (1839 - 1914): Existential Graphs

4. The logic of Stanis law Lesniewski (1886 – 1939)

5. David Hilbert und Wilhelm Ackermann: Grundzuge dertheoretischen Logik, 1928From the contents:

– Consistency and independence of the axiom systems

– The decision procedure

– The class calculus (monadic predicate logic)

– Second-order predicate logic

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History of Logic (II)

ä Logicomix

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History of Logic (II)

ä Godel and Carnap in Vienna, Tarski in Vienna

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Data and Knowledge Processing

Streaming Data and Stream reasoning

ä stream query languages and engines (CQEL, csparql, LARS,etalis,. . . )

ä temporal logics as a base for stream reasoning• linear time logic, temporal ASP, temporal description logics,

metric datalog, . . .

ä incremental Datalog maintenance (Motik et al.)

ä cooperative Intelligent Transports Systems (C-ITS)

Answer Set Programming (ASP)

ä aggregates in ASP: Smax = # max{S : salary(P,S)}ä external information access (dlvhex, clingcon, ASP/SMT)

triple(X ,Y ,Z)← url(File),&rdf [File](X ,Y ,Z). // import RDF triples

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Data and Knowledge Processing

ä Rule learning: Meta-Interpretative Learning (Muggleton et al.)positive + negative examples: learn a set of rules

• backgroundB = {m(ann, bob), f (john, bob),m(sue, ann), f (tim, ann)},• examples E+ = {a(sue, bob), a(tim, bob), a(john, bob)},

E− = {a(bob, tim)}.• task: find a (smallest) set of rules which defines a

ä Combining Machine Learning with Knowledge Representationand Reasoning

• neural networks with external memory• collective classification with semantic constraints

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Artificial Intelligence

ä Minimal Model computation

• core problem in KR/AI

ä Common Sense

• Book: Common Sense, the Turing Test, and the Quest for RealAI (Book by H. Levesque, 2017)

• Common Sense Reasoning (Article by Davis)

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Cryptography

ä Modern hash functions likeBlake, Grøstl, Keccak, . . . :Foundations and algorithms

ä BlockchainsTheory and applications

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Solvers and Proof Systems for QBFs

ä QBF solving more and more important for practical application(e.g., synthesis)

ä What QBF solvers are available, what is their performance?

ä Papers

• Janota, Marques-Silva: Solving QBF by clause selection, IJCAI2015• Rabe, Tentrup: CAQE: A certifing QBF solver, FMCAD 2015• Tu et al.: QELL: QBF reasoning with extended clause learning

and levelized SAT solving, SAT 2015.

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Digital Transformation and AI

ä Martin Ford: Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of aJobless Future, Basic Books, 2015 (paperback 2016)

ä “The ’Jobless Future’ Is A Myth” (Steve Denning, Forbes) [link]

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