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Seminar on e-Governance and Development Impact, Accessibility and Sustainability 21-22 March 2005. A REPORT Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan Media Lab Asia, KReSIT Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai. e-Governance: Its Acceptance? Prof. Banerjee, Dean, Research & International Relations, IIT - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 1
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
Seminaron
e-Governance and DevelopmentImpact, Accessibility and Sustainability
21-22 March 2005A REPORT
Dr. M V AnanthakrishnanMedia Lab Asia, KReSIT
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 2
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Its Acceptance?Prof. Banerjee, Dean, Research & International Relations, IIT
• Need of buy-in is essential for acceptance of e-governance
• Need to take care of the various Indian languages
• Need of a cheap and user-friendly technology
• Need to exploit the power of information
• Need to include regional biases
• Need to provide information that is CREDIBLE!
… and WHAT ARE PEOPLE’S EXPECTATIONS OF e-GOVERNANCE?
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 3
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
What ails e-Governance?Mr. Kharat, Mitra Consulting, Mumbai
• Need of a framework to evaluate
• Need to study the impact
• Need to know the success factors of e-governance
• Need to study the influence of people, culture, institution and finances on sustainability
• Technology alone will not work
• Most projects don’t survive beyond 2 years!
… MONITORING AND ANSWERABILITY ESSENTIAL
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 4
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Role of ICTProf. Atanu Ghosh, SJSOM, IIT
• ICT is a hygiene factor and not a competitive advantage!
• One need to take the dividends of ICT across the entire spectrum
MANUALPROCESS
RE-ENGINEER AUTOMATE
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 5
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
TheWarana Wire Village ProjectMr. Ram Mahuli, Finance Manager, Warana Project
• Warana, a complex having sugar-co-operatives, milk production, markets, educational and health facilities
• More than 20,000 farmers constitute the sugar co-operative
• The wired network provides for
• Weather predictions
• The right product/crop at the right time
• Healthcare data
• Serves Kolhapur, Satara, Karad and Sangli
• Introduction of Plastic money
• LIC-developed software…but no support!
… Value addition of ICT seen in the rural life…in terms of good services
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 6
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: IssuesMr. Ram Mahuli, Finance Manager, Warana Project
• Kiosks as potential contact centres
•Financial Viability of Kiosks vis-à-vis e-governance
•Possibility of additional services (data entry, printing, email etc.)
•Redesign of kiosks to help old people and handicapped
• Need of SHGs (success seen in solving diseases related to the sugarcane crop)
• Example of AKSHAYA (in Kerala)
• Operated by handicapped people
• 11% are women, gainfully employed in ICT related services (Mallaparam)
• Training of Blind people
• Finance provided by ICICI Bank
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 7
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Projects of 3i InfotechMr. Shreenath, Head, e-Governance, 3i Infotech
Municipal Corporation of Delhi
• The Status
• Computer Literacy (<1%)
• Indifference (cutting off opportunities for under-the table money!)
• Identification of win-win areas for exploitation
• Identification of a computer-savvy person in each department (started with the RTO)
• Strategies
• Buy in of stakeholders
• Perception of role by oneself and by others
• Government’s perception of e-governance
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 8
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Projects of 3i InfotechMr. Shreenath, Head, e-Governance, 3i Infotech
Uttaranchal
• The Status
• Not much information in the form of records
• Strategies
• Need of a new process
• Data collection
• Including data in the new process
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 9
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Projects of 3i InfotechMr. Shreenath, Head, e-Governance, 3i Infotech
TINXSYS (National Tax Information Exchange System)
• Sales Tax
• VAT (only accepted by Haryana)
• Issues
• Variations in tax levied by public bodies (across a state)
• Strategies
• Develop a model using a local body
• Replicate across the state
• Replicate across the country
• Take care of variations and limitations
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 10
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Quo Vadis!Mr. A Chaurasia, President, Force 3i
• The Employment Exchanges
• Lot of vacancies, especially the Central/State governments
• Only 10% of seats are filled up each year!
Why?
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 11
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: The Success Mantra!
• Transparency of all types of data and information … at all levels
• Availability of all versions of information…both FOR and AGAINST(Prof. Damani & Prof Supratik Chakraborty, CSE, IIT, Mumbai)
• Organisation of content should be such as to facilitate universal access (using ICT)
• There should be no compartmentalisation of information (Right for Right, Left for Left!) (Prof. Subuddhi, HSS, IIT, Mumbai & Prof Supratik Chakraborty, CSE, IIT, Mumbai)
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 12
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: A New ParadigmProf. D Parthasarathy,HSS, IIT, Mumbai
• Social & Cultural Issues, Social Inclusion
• Factors favouring Sustainability
• Social norms/values influencing decisions
• The Warana Success Story
• No contribution from government
• People’s participation responsible for success (using ICT)
• High degree of TRUST (Political. Social, Cultural)
• The if’s & but’s
• Local agents trusted more than third parties
• Cost of travel (to get profits) over local prices
• The n-logue model…its universality !
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 13
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-GovernanceOngoing Doctoral Research in IIT
• Computer Adoption: A study amongst Muslim youthMs. Farida & Prof. Rehana Ghadially
• ICT & Governance IssuesMr. Diganta Kumar Das
• Internet & Dalit Social MovementsMr. Bidhan C Dash
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 14
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-GovernanceMr. Lokesh Chandra, Collector, Nagpur
• Need of e-governance
• Speed, efficiency
• Transparency & Accountability
• Monitoring & Control
• Single Window
• Information on Demand
• Paperless Offices
• Advantages
• Improved efficiency
• Reduced repetitive work
• Reduced Time
• Better Control
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 15
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Benefits
• Employee
• Better work, more productivity
• Public
• Transparency
• Reduced legal tangles
• Increased confidence in system
• Others
• Organised Data
• Uniformity across board
• Person independent
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 16
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Project ADHARMr. Lokesh Chandra, Collector, Nagpur
• 29823 Beneficiaries (?) costing the Nagpur Municipal Corporation Rs. 8.75 crores/year in disbursing their dues by Money Order
• Beneficiaries included genuine, bogus and dead
• Alarms in the form of bogus/dead beneficiaries and “commission” taken by the postman on delivery
• Near impossible to verify authenticity of beneficiary data
• Software developed to store personal details as well as thumb impressions of beneficiaries in database (updated every year)
• Smart cards provided to each beneficiary (to go to nearest collectorate/mobile van for the handicapped/aged))
• Results!
• Beneficiaries reduced to 13873 (a fall by 54%!)
• Savings of Rs. 4,75 crores in benefits and Rs. 40 Lacs/year on commission!
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 17
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Other developmentsMr. Lokesh Chandra, Collector, Nagpur
• Online Mutation (Scanning of documents and saving in the “soft” version
• Help-line for voters
• Access online at www.collrngp.com
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 18
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Initiatives& OutcomesVinod Kharat & Rahul Barkataky, MITRA
• Some Schemes
• Gyandoot ( Dhan MP, Rural)
• Friends (Kerala, Urban)
• e-seva (VOICE, AP, Urban)
• Warana (Maharashtra, Rural)
• Involved Parties (Corporate, International, Govt)
• Have the benefits actually reached the end-user?
• Framework for evaluation
• Impact
• Accessibility
• Sustainability
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 19
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Initiatives & OutcomesVinod Kharat & Rahul Barkataky, MITRA
GYANDOOT
• Findings
• Mostly male users (98.2% with 24% belonging to SC)
• Awareness increased
• Prices always the latest!
• Automation of Land Records
• Development of an entrepreneur model (for additional income)
• Accessibility
• 49 kiosks over 13 blocks
• Sustainability
• Business model
• Income for a kiosk is Rs. 1187
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 20
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Initiatives & OutcomesVinod Kharat & Rahul Barkataky, MITRA
WARANA
• Findings• Infinite objectives• Not one objective fulfilled completely• Salaries paid by co-operatives
• Impact•Increase in income $25/season•Annual savings > $ 187,000•Ease of use on a 24/7 time-frame
• Accessibility• Only for sugarcane growers for six months• Annual expenses of $548,000• Not available for kiosks• Not economically viable
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 21
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Initiatives & OutcomesVinod Kharat & Rahul Barkataky, MITRA
VOICE and FRIENDS
• Findings• Public utility services
…POSITIVE RESULTS
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 22
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
e-Governance: Mission 2007Mr. Ravi Gupta, I4D
Knowledge Centres
• Usage• Matrimony• Exam results• Mandi Prices• Weather (MSSRF + US Navy)• Bill Payments• Typing/correspondence
• The villager needs info on• Agriculture• Water• Employment
• Over Rs 2000 crores spent on collecting data/info
• Availability and Problems in finding relevant data
• Redundancy of data
Dr. M V Ananthakrishnan 29 March 2005 23
e-governance and Development: Impact, Assessment & Sustainability, 21-22 March 2005
DISCUSSIONS