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A SEMINAR ON CAPSULE CAMERA ENDOSCOPY
Prepared by: RONAK H. VASAVATUSHAR J. GUJARATI
Guided by:MISS. MAITRI H. DAVE
ENDOSCOPY The word is derived
form Greek “Endo” meaning ‘Inside’ and “Scopy” meaning ‘See’.
Using an instrument to visually examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity.
METHODS OF ENDOSCOPY
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Gastroscopy Colonoscopy
MAIN METHOD
OTHER METHODS X-Rays CT Scans MRI Surgery
PROBLEMS USING ABOVE TECHNIQUES
Patient feel discomfort by above mentioned techniques.
Difficult to diagnose the small intestine disorders.
Patient get infection. The endoscopy may puncture the organs. Allergic reaction due to contrast agents and
dyes in CT scan.
SOLUTION “THE CAPSULE CAMERA” Capsule camera can easily diagnose
the small intestine disorders. The capsule containing camera used
for endoscopy. It is the noninvasive type device
known capsule endoscopy developed by Israel’s for the diagnostic purpose.
A small capsule which is not a medication, but rather a single use video color-imaging capsule that hold a microscopic camera gives doctors with better picture of the small bowel than standard X-rays.
EXAMINATION SET Capsule
Sensor Array.
Data Recorder
Belt
RAPID Workstation
FEATURES Size :2.5 cm long and 1.1 cm
wide Dimension :11 mm * 26 mm Weight : 4 gm Frame Rate : 2 images/second Magnification : 8x Capsule coating : non-adherent Power Source : Battery. 50,000 images are obtained during an 8 hour
exam Disposable.
INSIDE A CAPSULE CAMERA
5 7
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
FUNCTIONS Optical Dome: Allows tissue to be in
focus even if they are to be in contact. Lens: Used to increase the Depth of the
field. CMOS Image Sensor: Detects the
images. White LEDs: To illuminate the area
around the capsule. Batteries: Power the capsule. ASIC Transmitter: Allows the integration
of video transmitter of sufficient Power output , Efficiency, bandwidth of small size into capsule.
SENSOR ARRAY Several Wires are
attached to the abdomen like ECG leads to obtain images by radio frequency.
These wires are connected to a lightweight data recorder worn on a belt.
Used to calculate and indicate the position of capsule in the body.
DATA RECORDER Data recorder receives and
records signals transmitted by the camera to an array of sensor placed on the patient’s body.
It is of the size of walkman It recieves and stores
50000 to 60000 JPEG images on a 9 GB hard drive
Images take several hours to download through serial connection.
BELT A patient wear a
receiver belt around his or her waist over clothing
A belt is applied around the waist and holds a recording device and a battery pack
RAPID WORKSTATION Reporting and
Processing of Images and Data
Image data from the data recorder is downloaded to a computer equipped with software called RAPID Application software.
Helps to convert images into a movie and allows the doctor to view the color 3D images.
PROCEDURE Over night 12 hour fast Sensors placed on patient Patient wears a belt that contains a battery
pack and data recorder. Patient ingests capsule around 8am Patient may have clears two hours after
ingestion The patient goes about his or her daily
routine while the capsule passes painlessly through the GI tract.
Patient returns 7-8 hours later After Downloading images,doctor can view
the 3D images and diagnose the problem Capsule Exerts in a normal way,so it is
disposable
ADVANTAGESo Painless, no side affects or complication.o Miniature size, so can move easily through
the digestive system.o Accurate, precise & low power consumption.o Image taken are of very high quality which
are sent almost instantaneous to the recorder for storage.
o Made of bio compatible material, doesn’t cause any harm to the body.
DISADVANTAGE Gastrointestinal obstructions and swallowing
disorder prevent free flow of capsule through the digestive system.
Patients with pacemakers, pregnant women and all pediatrics have to be monitored continuosly while taking the capsule.
The M2A procedure is not a replacement for Colonoscopy.
Very expensive. It is not reusable.
CONCLUSION The Given® M2A Endoscopy capsule is a
pioneering concept for Medical Technology of the 21st century.
The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entire small intestine.
It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging to a great extent and has proved to be of great help to physicians all over the world.
ANIMATION
DISCUSSION
Questions ?