SEMINAR AND WORKSHOP OF BIOLOGYPrepared by: Mr. Zular!a"! #a$aludd"! SMK %e!&u Abdulla'( Pea!.BIODATA PENCERAMAHNama:Zulkarnain bin JamaluddinUmur: 36 tahunGred: DG44Opsyen: Biologi dan ainsSejarah Pendidikan:!"#6$!""! % &an'hing elatan!""($!""6 )% &an'hing elatan!""*$!""# &usat )atrikulasi +U%), %uala &ilah!""#$(--! U%). Bangi/Pengalaman Mengajar:(--!$(--6: )% Dato0 )ahmud )at. &ekan/(--*$(-!4: )% eri &ekan/(-!1$ %ini:)% 2engku 3bdullah. &ekan/Pe!&ala$a! Me!ya$pa"a! )era$a'*Be!&el B"+l+&" ,. SMK Ser" Pea! -Se$"!ar da! Be!&el./. SMK A'$ad( Pea! -Se$"!ar.0. SMK Pera$u #aya( Pea! -Kela1 a!2ura! E)ER( 3MP.4. SMK %e!&u Abdulla'( Pea! -Se$"!ar.5. SMK Ne!a1"( Pea! -Se$"!ar.6. SMK )'"!"( Pea! -Se$"!ar.7. SMK Muad8a$ #aya( Muad8a$ S'a' -Be!&el.9. SMKA Pa'a!&( Muad8a$ S'a'-Be!&el.:. Se$SAS( Kua!;a! -Kela1 P"11aA a!2ura! Yaya1a! Pa'a!&.,+ 0Pe!ul"1a! Me!&'a1"la! M+dul Se$p+" B"+l+&" ;"!&a;a! 4 da! 5.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 4La$a! >eb >>>."a$@'a$p"+!.bl+&1p+;.@+$Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 5I!;r+du@;"+!PART PAPER 2 (STRUCTURE)PAPER 2 (ESSAY)Nu$ber +? Aue1;"+!5 4Op;"+! )+$pul1+ry O!ly / Bue1;"+!1%"$e 1u&&e1;edO!e '+ur a!d ;'"r;y $"!u;e1O!e '+ur%"$e 1u&&e1;ed ?+r ea@' Bue1;"+!,9 $"!u;e1 -"!@lud"!& reC"1e ;"$e.0< $"!u;e1 -"!@lud"!& reC"1e ;"$e.D"D@ul;yEa1y a!d $ed"u$ Ea1y( $ed"u$ a!d '"&'We"&'; a&e 0+MARK S)HEME BIOLOGY/+ 7Q Correct Reject,-a.-".)ell ,. 3!"@ellular +r&a!"1a;"+!./. Mul;"@ellular-"". M: )+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+le.-b.-".P,: -Fre1'. >a;er "1 'yp+;+!"@ ;+ A$+eba 1p. * C"@e Cer1aP/: >a;er -$+le@ule1. d"Fu1e* e!;er * $+Ce "!;+ ;'e @+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+le.P0: by +1$+1"1GA!y ;>+H9Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+Q Correct Reject,-b. -"".P,: Wa;er d"Fu1e1* e!;er* $+Ce "!;+ ;'e @+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+leP/: )+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+le eIpa!d * e!lar&e1 ;+ $aI"$u$ 1"8eP0: )+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+le $+Ce1 ;+ ;'e @ell $e$bra!eP4: )+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+le @+!;ra@;P5: EIpel * relea1e -+u;.* el"$"!a;e* eI@re;e* re$+Ce* d"1@'ar&e* pu$p +u;P6: preCe!; bur1;"!& ** +1$+re&ula;"+! +@@ur1 J+>* &+b"&&erSe@re;eeIpl+de-""". Pred"@;"+!: D"e* 1'r"! * @re!a;edP,: 1ea >a;er "1 'yper;+!"@ ;+ A$+eba 1p.P/: >a;er d"Fu1e +u; ?r+$ @+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+le * A$+eba 1p.P0: by +1$+1"1P4: @+!;ra@;"le Ca@u+le 1;+p* ?a"l ;+ ?u!@;"+!.:Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+, -@.P, F++d Ca@u+le ?+r$ed ** p'a&+1+$e "1 ?+r$ed.P/ Ly1+1+$e ?u1ed >";' ?++d Ca@u+le ** Ly1+1+$e @+!;a"!1 ly1+8y$e* e!8y$e.P0 -'yr+ly;"@. e!8y$e "1 relea1ed "!;+ ?++d Ca@u+le.P4 -'ydr+ly;"@. e!8y$e d"&e1;* bread+>! * 'ydr+ly1e ;'e ba@;er"a* ?++d par;"@le.P5 Nu;r"e!;1* d"&e1;ed ?++d are ab1+rbed* d"Fu1ed -"!;+ @y;+pla1$..P6 Wa1;e pr+du@; * u!d"&e1;ed ?++d are eI@re;ed +u; * eIpel.[Reject: secreted out / remove]Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ , @+$b"!a;"+! +? &e!e. Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+,,/-b. F )r+11"!& +CerF, Kar"a;"+! ** Car"e;y +? 1pe@"e1 * +r&a!"1$1.E, be;;er Bual";y pr+du@;1.E/ H"&' re1"1;a!@e a&a"!1; d"1ea1e1** H"&' adap;a;"+! ;+>ard1 @'a!&e1 "! e!C"r+!$e!;.E0 SurC"Cal +? 1pe@"e1* +r&a!"1$** PreCe!; eI;"!@;"+! +? ;'e 1pe@"e1* +r&a!"1$1.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ ,/-@.-".)e!;r"+le1-@.-"".F, Ab!+r$al &a$e;e1E, Sp"!dle =bre1 >"ll !+; ?+r$edE/ H+$+l+&+u1 @'r+$+1+$e1 >"ll !+; be 1epara;ed ** S"1;er @'r+$a;"d * @'r+$+1+$e >"ll !+; 1epara;ed.E0 Dur"!& a!ap'a1e I * II.E4 Nu$ber +? @'r+$+1+$e1 "! ;'e &a$e;e "1 !+; 'apl+"d * redu@ed * u!eBual.E5 Mu;a;"+! +@@ur1 * a!y 1u";able eIa$ple.[Reject: gene mutation / albinism/ cell-sickle anemia]E6 Ab!+r$al";y "! ;'e +F1pr"!&.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ ,0-d.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ ,4NoF: ExampeC: Ca!"e o# $%"ea"eS: S&mptom, Alb"!+ La@"!& +? &e!e ;+ pr+du@e p"&$e!; $ela!"! "! ;'e 1"! * &e!e $u;a;"+!S,: @a!!+; >";'1;a!d -1;r+!&. 1u!l"&'; * Cery 1e!1";"Ce ;+ 1u!l"&';.S/: 1"! ea1"ly da$a&ed* "!2uredS0: p++r C"1"+!* p'+;+p'+b"a* red eye* p"!"1' eye* rap"d eye $+Ce$e!;/ Hae$+p'"l"a),: La@"!& +? pr+;e"!* bl++dL@l+;;"!& ?a@;+r* Fa@;+r KIII ?+r !+r$al bl++d @l+;;"!&.)/: @au1e by a re@e11"Ce allele ?+u!d +! ;'e M @'r+$+1+$e* &e!e $u;a;"+!S,: eI@e11"Ce bleed"!&S/: ;'e bl++d d+e1 !+; @l+; !+r$ally.-d.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ ,5No F: ExampeC: Ca!"e o# $%"ea"e S: S&mptom0 )+l+ur bl"!d!e11)au1e by a re@e11"Ce allele ?+u!d +! ;'e M @'r+$+1+$e * &e!e $u;a;"+!S,: u!able ;+ d"1;"!&u"1' be;>ee! red a!d &ree! @+l+r14 %'ala11ae$"a)au1e by a re@e11"Ce &e!e -a!d aFe@; ;'e 'ae$+&l+b"! "! red bl++d @ell. * &e!e $u;a;"+!.S,: 1$all a!d pale red bl++d @ell5 D+>!N1 Sy!dr+$eA! eI;ra @'r+$+1+$e !u$ber /, * @'r+$+1+$al $u;a;"+!S,: $e!;ally re;ardedS/: Ja; ?a@"al ?ea;ure1 >";' a 1$all !+1eS0: 1la!;ed eye1A!y 1u";able ?ea;ure1.6 %ur!erN1 Sy!dr+$e),: Ab1e!; +? +!e M 1eI @'r+$+1+$e* !u$ber +? @'r+$+1+$e "1 45*44OMe"&'; @'a!&e1* l+11 +? &a"! * ?a;"BueS/: per1"1;e!@e @+u&'* "!d"&e1;"+!* $u1@le* 2+"!; pa"!* ?eCer* !"&'; 1>ea;S0: d"D@ul;y "! 1>all+>"!&,/ %ype +? $u;a;"+!:". Ge!e "". @'r+$+1+$e), rad"a;"+!)/ )'e$"@al1*@ar@"!+r&e!A!y eIa$ple +? d"1ea1e * F* Sy$p;+$ -bu; $u1; be ;ele >";' &e!e +r @'r+$+1+$e $u;a;"+!.0-a.S: Adre!al &la!d * @+r;eI * $edulla%: Pa!@rea10-b.-".I!1ul"!** &lu@a&+!Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ ,90-b.-"".P, Bl++d 1u&ar* &lu@+1e leCel '"&'er* eI@e11 &lu@+1e -;'a! !+r$al ra!&e..P/ -$+re. "!1ul"! 1e@re;ed * pr+du@ed * relea1ed -by pa!@rea1..P0 -1;"$ula;e.* -eI@e11. &lu@+1e co'(erte$ ;+ &ly@+&e!.[Reject: changed/ transformed]P4 1;+red "! l"Cer * $u1@le.ORSe$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ ,:0-b.-"".P, Bl++d 1u&ar leCel l+>er -;'a! !+r$al ra!&e.P/ Glu@a&+! 1e@re;ed* pr+du@ed* relea1ed -by pa!@rea1..P0 &ly@+&e! @+!Cer;ed ;+ &lu@+1e -"! l"Cer..P4 bl++d &lu@+1e "!@rea1e.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ /1 @+$par"1+!.[Reject: statement using value]P/ All * , @+!;e!; +? >a;er "! ;'e bl++d -depe!d"!& +! >a;er "!;ae..P7 @au1e dea;' * +ede$a* de'ydra;e * '"&' bl++d pre11ure* @+$aSe$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ //0-d.-"".P, Bl++d J+>1 ;'r+u&' a 1e$"Lper$eable ;ub"!&P/ d"aly1"1 Ju"d "1 "1+;+!"@ * 1"$"lar @+!@e!;ra;"+! ;+ ;'e bl++d -pla1$a.P0 -A1 bl++d J+>1. urea >'"@' "1 '"&'er @+!@e!;ra;"+! "! ;'e bl++d.P4 d"Fu1e a@r+11 ;'e ;ub"!& ->all.P5 "!;+ ;'e d"aly1"1 Ju"dP6 >'"@' 'a1 a l+>er @+!@e!;ra;"+! +? ureaP7 urea "1 el"$"!a;ed * eI@re;ed ?r+$ ;'e bl++d.[Reject: rea is removed]P9 %'e +1$+;"@ pre11ure +? ;'e bl++d ba@ ;+ !+r$al* $a"!;a"!Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ /04-a.%all( >'";e J+>erS'+r;( purple J+>er-b.-".%%bb%b;;BB%b-b.-"". %all( purple ?+>er-@.-". 0*,6 ** + /5)amete" #rom F* pare'tTB T+ tB t+Ga$e;e1 ?r+$ +;'er F, pare!;%B %%BB %%Bb %;BB %;Bb%b %%Bb %%bb %;Bb %;bb;B %;BB %;Bb ;;BB ;;Bb;b %;Bb %;bb ;;Bb ;;bb4-e.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ /6Ta, p!rpe -o.erTa, ./%te -o.erS/ort, p!rpe -o.erS/ort, ./%te -o.er::0 :0 :,-?.P, Dur"!& $e"+1"1 ** dur"!& &a$e;e ?+r$a;"+!P/ ea@' pa"r +? allele1 1epara;e * 1e&re&a;e.P0 ea@' $e$ber +? a pa"r +? allele1 $ay @+$b"!e ra!d+$ly >";' e";'er* a!y $e$ber +? a!+;'er pa"r +? allele1 ** %B* %b* ;b* ;BP4 La> +? I!depe!de!; a11+r;$e!;.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ /75-a.-".#: I!'ala;"+! ** brea;' "! ** "!1p"ra;"+! * "!'aleK: EI'ala;"+! ** Brea;' +u;** eIp"ra;"+!* eI'aleSe$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ /95 -a.-"".Cr%ter%a 0 1EI;er!al "!;er@+1;al $u1@le1)+!;ra@; RelaII!;er!al "!;er@+1;al $u1@le1RelaI )+!;ra@;D"ap'ra&$ )+!;ra@;* Ja;;e!1* $+Ce d+>!RelaI* @urCe1 up>ard1 * d+$e 1'ape* @urCeR"b @a&e M+Ce up>ard1* +u;>ard1M+Ce1 d+>!>ard1* "!>ard1. [reject: chest]K+lu$e +? ;'+ra@"@I!@rea1e1 De@rea1e1Pre11ure "! ;'+ra@"@De@rea1e1 I!@rea1e1A"r $+Ce$e!; I!;+ ;'e lu!&1 Ou; +? ;'e lu!&1Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ /:P, le11 +Iy&e! * le11 a"r "! a;$+1p'ere * le11 a;$+1p'er"@ pre11ure.[reject: less pressure]P/ par;"al pre11ure +? +Iy&e! "1 l+>P0 le11 +Iy&e! "! ;'e bl++dP4 de;e@;ed by ;'e -per"p'eral. @'e$+re@ep;+r * @ar+;"d* a+r;"@ b+d"e1 ** &e!era;e "$pul1e ;+ re1p"ra;+ry @e!;re.P5 1e!d1 * ;ra!1$"; "$pul1e1 ;+ ;'e $u1@le1 * "!;er@+1;al $u1@le * d"ap'ra&$ * eFe@;+rP6 ra;e +? @+!;ra@;"+! * relaIa;"+! +? ;'e $u1@le1* "!;er@+1;al $u1@le* d"ap'ra&$ "!@rea1eP7 "!@rea1e ;'e brea;'"!& ra;e * "!'ala;"+!* eI'ala;"+!P9 "!@rea1e Ce!;"la;"+! ra;eP: "$pul1e -?r+$ re1p"ra;+ry @e!;re. 1e!d ;+ 'ear;P,< 'ear; bea; ?a1;erP,, $+re +Iy&e! del"Cered ;+ @ell ** ;+ +b;a"! e!+u&' * 1uD@"e!; +Iy&e! ** $+re @arb+! d"+I"de ;ra!1p+r;ed ;+ lu!&.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 0"l;1E, pla!; "1 added >";' eI@e11 ?er;"l"8er** le11* !+ >a;er "! ;'e 1+"l ** eIp+1ed ;+ -'"&'. 1u!l"&'; ** a!y 1u";able eIpla!a;"+!.E/ ;'e 1+"l >a;er "1 'yp+;+!"@ ;+ ;'e @ell -1ap.** -$+re. >a;er l+1; ;'r+u&' ;ra!1p"ra;"+! * eCap+ra;e ** ra;e +? ;ra!1p"ra;"+! '"&' ** ra;e +? eCap+ra;"+! '"&'E0 >a;er d"Fu1e1 +u; * $+Ce1 +u; +? ;'e @ell * d+>! ;'e @+!@e!;ra;"+! &rad"e!;.E4 by +1$+1"1E5 @y;+pla1$ * Ca@u+le 1'r"!1* be@+$e 1$aller [reject: contract]E6 pla1$a $e$bra!e $+Ce1* pull1 a>ay* de;a@'ed ?r+$ ;'e @ell >allE7 pla1$+ly1"1 +@@ur1 ** pla!; @ell Ja@@"dSe$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 0/6-a.-"".F, >a;er"!& ;'e pla!; ** pla@"!& ;'e pla!; "! -a bu@e;* @+!;a"!er +?. >a;er ** Add -$+re. >a;er.E, %'e 1+"l >a;er "1 'yp+;+!"@ ;+ ;'e -r++; 'a"r. @ell1* %'e >a;er @+!@e!;ra;"+! "! ;'e 1+"l "1 '"&'er ;'a! "! ;'e -r++; 'a"r. @ell1.E/ >a;er e!;er1* d"Fu1e1 "!;+ ;'e -r++; 'a"r. @ell * d+>! ;'e @+!@e!;ra;"+! &rad"e!;E0 by +1$+1"1E4 Ca@u+le* @y;+pla1$ eIpa!d1* eIlar&e1E5 ;'e +1$+;"@ pre11ure +? -r++; 'a"r. @ell1 redu@e * ;ur&+r pre11ure "!@rea1e.E6 pu1'"!& ;'e pla1$a $e$bra!e a&a"!1; ;'e @ell >all.E7 depla1$+ly1"1 +@@ur.E9 @ell be@+$e ;ur&"d.E: ;'e pla!; 1;a!d1 upr"&';* !+; >"l;.[reject: good condition/ fresh]Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 006-b.F A; p+"!; R ;'e @+!@e!;ra;"+! +? 1+d"u$ @'l+r"de 1+lu;"+! "1 a;er.F, all* ,ellE5 a!d bur1;E6 @ell $e$bra!e @a!!+; >";'1;a!d ;'e '"&' * ;ur&+r* 'ydr+ly;"@ pre11ureE7 be@au1e @ell $e$bra!e "1 Cery ;'"! * >ea ** red bl++d @ell 'a1 !+ @ell >allSe$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 04P6-b.F/ A; p+"!; S ;'e @+!@e!;ra;"+! 1+d"u$ @'l+r"de 1+lu;"+! +r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 07Ca!"e"P, )+rpu1 lu;eu$ de&e!era;e1* d"1"!;e&ra;e* redu@e "! 1"8e* 1$allerP/ +Cu$* 1e@+!dary ++@y;e !+; ?er;"l"1ed** ?er;"l"1a;"+! d+e1 !+; +@@urP0 N+* L+> leCel +? pr+&e1;er+!eP4 L"!"!& +? u;eru1 >all* e!d+$e;r"u$ d"1"!;e&ra;e1* bread+>!* re&re11* rup;ure* $e!1e1 +@@ur* $e!1;rua;"+![reject: $ollapse]E2ectP5 N+ "$pla!;a;"+!P6 N+ pre&!a!@ySe$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 093 YF,: Ha1 pr"$ary Iyle$ Ha1 pr"$ary a!d 1e@+!dary Iyle$E,: -Ca1@ular. @a$b"u$ d+e1 !+; d"C"de1 by $";+1"1)a$b"u$ d"C"de1 by $";+1"1 -;a!&e!;"aly. "!>ard1 ;+>ard ;'e p";'F/ 'a1 pr"$ary p'l+e$ Ha1 pr"$ary a!d 1e@+!dary p'l+e$E/ -Ca1@ular. @a$b"u$ d+e1 !+; d"C"de1 by $";+1"1)a$b"u$ d"C"de1 by $";+1"1 -;a!&e!;"ally. +u;>ard1 ;+>ard1 ep"der$"1.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 0:3 YF0: 1$aller d"a$e;er * rad"u1Lar&er d"a$e;er* rad"u1E0: Ca1@ular @a$b"u$ !+; d"C"de1 by $";+1"1 ;+ ?+r$ 1e@+!dary Iyle$ a!d p'l+e$Ka1@ular @a$b"u$ d"C"de1 by $";+1"1 ;+ ?+r$ 1e@+!dary Iyle$ a!d p'l+e$F4: N+ @+r* @+r @a$b"u$.E4: N+ @+r @a$b"u$ ;+ d"C"de by $";+1"1 ;+ ?+r$ @+rHa1 @+r* @+r @a$b"u$.)+r @a$b"u$ d"C"de1 by $";+1"1 ;+ ?+r$ @+r ;+>ard1 barF5: N+ bar** Ha1 ep"der$"1E5: N+ -eI;er!al. @+r layerHa1 bar.Ha1 -eI;er!al. @+r layer.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 4ay1.F7: N+ 1e@+!dary @+r;eI ** Ha1 @+r;eIHa1 1e@+!dary @+r;eI.E7: N+ @+r @a$b"u$ ;+ d"C"de by $";+1"1 ;+ ?+r$ 1e@+!dary @+r;eI)+r @a$b"u$ d"C"de1 by $";+1"1 ;+ ?+r$ 1e@+!dary @+r;eI "!>ard1.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 4,7-@.-"".P,: 1'+> u!l"$";ed &r+>;'* @+!;"!u+u1 &r+>;'.P/: "1 1er"e1 +? @+!;"!u+u1 1"&$+"d @urCe1P0: add"!& ;+ +!e a!+;'er ** repea; year a?;er year.P4: ea@' 1"&$+"d @urCe repre1e!;1 +!e yearN1 &r+>;'.P5: -;'e e!d +? ea@' 1"&$+"d. @urCe 1'+>1 a 1l"&'; d"p* de@rea1e.P6: be@au1e +? ;'e 1'edd"!& +? leaCe1 a!d ?ru";1.P7: Gr+>;' "1 aFe@;ed by 1ea1+!.P9: Dur"!& 1u$$er* 1pr"!&* ra"!y 1ea1+! ra;e +? p'+;+1y!;'e1"1* &r+>;' "1 '"&'er.P:: Dur"!& au;u$!* >"!;er* dr+u&'; ;'e ra;e +? p'+;+1y!;'e1"1* &r+>;' "1 1l+>er.Se$"!ar a!d >+r1'+p +? B"+l+&y Paper %>+ 4/9-a.P,: %'e ?++d @'a"! 1'+>1 ;'e J+> e!er&y ?r+$ +!e ;r+p'"@ leCel ;+ a!+;'er ;r+p'"@ leCel ** 1'+>1 ;'e J+> +? e!er&y ?r+$ paddy pla!; ;+ @a;erp"llar* @a;erp"llar ;+ b"rd* b"rd ;+ ea&le.P/: -%'e l+!&er ;'e ?++d @'a"! ;'e. l+>er* lea1; ;'e e!er&y re@e"Ced by ;'e la1; @+!1u$er* ea&le** ,+r1'+p +? 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