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Seminar 4 - Methanol BengtRamne
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N t l G ill b i t t• Natural Gas will be a very important energysource for marine propulsion
H
HH
HC
H
• Methanol will be an efficient, universal, future-
HH
Oproof, energy carrier
C H
H H
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
EffShiEffShipEffi i t Shi i ith L E i iEfficient Shipping with Low Emissions
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
EffShiEffShip –Efficient Shipping with low emissions• Work packagesp g
– WP1 Project Management
– WP2 Present and Future Maritime Fuels
– WP3 Exhaust Gas Cleaning
– WP4 Energy Efficiency and Heat Recovery
WP5 Energy Transformers– WP5 Energy Transformers
– WP6 System Impact when Using Wind, Wave and Solar Energy
– WP7 Logistic system analysis
– WP8 Demonstration of Findings
– WP9 Final Reporting, Dissemination and Future Projects F di• Funding
– Vinnova 60%, Partners 40%• Duration
– Dec 2009 – March 2013
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
U i l tiUpcoming regulations
12
14
16
IMO NOx Technical code
NOx Tier II ‐ 2011 (Global)
NOx Tier III ‐ 2016 (NOx emission control areas)
gNOx/kWh
6
8
10
0
2
4
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
rpmMARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
EffShip – WP2 P d F M i i F lPresent and Future Maritime Fuels
• HFO • Biofuel
• LSHFO
• ULSHFO
• DME
• Methanol
• MDO
• MGO
• Synthetic
dieselMGO
• LNGMARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
Alternative Marine Fuel ‐ Feedstock and products
Crude oil Natural gas
Bio GasAnaerobic digestion Coal Biomass
Municipal waste Solar Hydro Wind Nuclear
RefiningCooling Reformation Gasification Electrolysis of water
163CCH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H C + ½O → CO H O→ H + ½O‐163C CO + 3 H2 C + ½O2 → CO H2O → H2 + ½O2
C + H2O → CO + H2CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 Carbon capture
CO2 + C → 2CO CO2
Residuals Distillates LNG SyngasResiduals Distillates LNG Syngas HFO MGO Hydrogen + Carbon monoxide (H2 + CO)
Methanol DME Gas to liquid ‐ GTLDirect synthesis, using a dual catalyst system Fischer Tropsch
CO + 2H2 → CH3OH Fixed bed reactor process (Haldor Topsö) CrackingSlurry bed reactor process (JFE, Air Products and
CO2 + 3H2 → CH3OH +H2Oy p (
Chemicals) ParaffinCO2 + H2 → CO +H2O Naptha
DieselDME
Dehydration of methanol2CH3OH → CH3OCH3 + H2O
DME to liquidMobile process
HFO ICE MGO ICE LNG ICE/FC Methanol Synthetic Na Hydrogen asHFO ICE Fuel
MGO ICE Fuel
LNG ICE/FC Fuel
Methanol ICE/FC Fuel
Synthetic petrol DME ICE Fuel Paraffin Na‐
ptha Diesel Hydrogen as ICE/FC Fuel
Diesel fuel Diesel fuel Otto fuel Otto fuel Otto fuel Diesel fuel
Requires spark ignition or
Requires spark ignition ,dual g
dual fuelg ,fuel or methanol –diesel engine ScandiNAOS/BR 2011‐03‐23
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
Natural gas well head price
0.010 €/kWh
Methanol cost ex works
0.025 €/kWh
Methanol along side Göteborg
0.05 €/kWh
Methanol produced from forest products
0.072 €/kWh
1244 $/ton MGO eqv.
183 $/ton Crudeeqv.
432 $/ton MGO eqv. 863 $/ton MGO eqv.
44 q
Natural gas well head price
0.010 €/kWh
183 $/ton Crudeeqv.
LNG cost ex works
0.02 €/kWh
345 $/ton MGO eqv.
LNG along side Göteborg
0.046 €/kWh
794 $/ton MGO eqv.
LNG FOB Zeebrugge
0.03 €/kWh
518 $/ton MGO eqv.
Crude oil well head price
115 $/bbl
843 $/ton
Crude landed (WTI/Brent approx)
119 $/bbl
0 051 €/kWh
MGO port price
0.062 €/kWh
1070 $/ton0.051 €/kWh
872 $/ton
HFO port price
0 041 €/kWh0.041 €/kWh
698 $/ton
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
North Europe SECA(Baltic Sea, North Sea and
)English Channel)
Estimated Marine Fuel Market 2015
Without SECA rules With SECA rules
HFO 18 000 000 8 000 000 Assuming 40% of the ships will fit a scrubber
MDO/MGO 2 000 000 6 000 000Assuming 30% of the ships will
change to 0.1% MGO
3 %Alternative fuel(LNG, Methanol) 6 000 000
Assuming 30% of the ships will change to a clean fuel that is
cheaper than MGO
Metric Tons fuel oil equivalents
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
North Europe SECA(Baltic Sea, North Sea and English Channel)
Estimated Marine Fuel Market 2015
With SECA rules Consequence
HFO 8 000 000 Several thousand vessels to install scrubber
Scrubber installation cost:Several billion EURO
MDO/MGO 6 000 000 Minimum 50% cost increase
Alternative fuel (LNG, Methanol) 6 000 000 New fuel market annual
turnover 4 billion EURO
Metric Tons fuel oil equivalents
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
SPIRETH
Th • The concept– Bunker methanol– Upgrade methanol to DME onboard– Use the DME in the existing diesel engines
(only minor modifications required)
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
SPIRETH
Th b fit• The benefits– Methanol can be made available in principle
everywhereeverywhere– The Methanol market works much better
than the LNG market– Methanol can be stored in hull tanks– Methanol energy cost lower than for MGO– Methanol-DME operation will fulfil tier 3
NOx requirements without after treatmentTh t f i d/ d ti t – The cost for conversion and/or adaption to methanol is a fraction of the comparable cost for LNG
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
Fuel comparison(Based on conversion with 5 years pay-back and 6% interest)(Based on conversion with 5 years pay-back and 6% interest)
0.16 +70%
0.12
0.14
+28%
+43%
+25%
0.1
nica
l po
wer
LNG conversion
LNG
Methanol conversion
Methanol
0.06
0.08
€/kW
h ‐m
echa
n MGO
Maintenance
Sludge
FW
0.04
Electricity
NAOH 50%
Scrubber equipment cost per kWh
HFO
0
0.02
HFO ScrubberClose loop
MGO Methanol LNGClose loop
Fuel alternatives
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30
EffShip & SPIRETHp
There are a lot of opportunities in methanol!There are a lot of opportunities in methanol!
MARKIS – ScandiNAOS/Bengt Ramne 2011-11-30