Upload
sadikur-rahaman
View
67
Download
5
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Welcome
Sk Sadikur RahamanReg:15-06872
Session : January- June/ 2014Department of Horticulture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University
2
Micro-propagation for commercial cut flowers
3
Micro-propagation for commercial cut flowers
4
Micro-propagation for commercial cut flowers
5
What is micropropagation
6
What is micropropagation
Micropropagation is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on nutrient suitable media under controlled aseptic physical conditions.
7
What is micropropagation
Micropropagation is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on nutrient suitable media under controlled aseptic physical conditions.
8
Objective:
Idea on prospect of micro propagation for commercial cut flowers production
9
Methods and materials
10
Discussion:
Major flower production belt Ornamental plants growing area
Bangladesh District map
9
Fig. 2: Flower Market Development in Bangladesh Md. Reza Ahmed Khan, Assistant Chief, DAM
Different flowers comes to, Agargaon and Shahbagh 2-3 lakh taka/ per day
Major flower production belt Ornamental plants growing area
Bangladesh District map
4000 retail
shops of flowers
40% in Dhaka
25% in Chittagong and Sylhet
10% in other
district towns
Nusrat, 20129
Fig. 2: Flower Market Development in Bangladesh Md. Reza Ahmed Khan, Assistant Chief, DAM
13
Export-import trend of cut flowers of Bangladesh
14
Gross return and net return of different flowers practiced by the farmers.
15
Well suited for commercial
flower cultivation
16
Well suited for commercial
flower cultivation
17
Well suited for commercial
flower cultivation
18
Well suited for commercial
flower cultivation
19
Well suited for commercial
flower cultivation
Development of cut flowers production
Seed are not viable
Due to climatic condition
Problems:
20
Seed are not viable
Due to climatic condition
Imported seed
21
Seedling import from India
22
Seedling import from Thailand
23
Germplasm
24
Bangladesh has to spend
Tk. 2-3 million
Germplasm
25
Solution:
Plant Tissue Culture 26
Why micro propagation?
27
Why micro propagation?
28
Why micro propagation?
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Important Factors:
Dedifferentiation:Capacity of mature cells to return to meristematic condition
For explant:
20
Important Factors:
Totipotency: The potentiality of a plant cell to develop into an entire plant if suitably stimulated.
For explant:
21
Important Factors:
Competency:The endogenous potential of a given cells or tissue to develop in a particular way
For explant:
22
Explant Source: younger, Less differentiated,
the better for tissue culture
Important Factors:
23
Growth Media:Minerals, Growth factors, Carbon source, Hormones.
Hormones:Auxin : Stimulates root Cytokinin : Stimulates Shoot
Auxin ↓ Cytokinin = Root
Cytokinin ↓ Auxin = Shoot
Auxin = Cytokinin = Callus
Important Factors:
24
Kinetin (KIN)
Source: Nitsch et al., 1967; Jain and Ochatt, 2010
Cytokinin
Axillary shoot Proliferation
Shoot length and number
Stimulate
Increase
41
Environmental Factors:
Light,
Temperature,
Photoperiod,
Sterility
Important Factors:
25
Different stages of tissue culture
26
Fig.5: Stages of tissue culture
Stage-l
Stage-ll
Stage-lV
Stage-0
Stage-lll
Germplasm storage
Embryo rescue
Ovule and ovary cultures
Callus and protoplast culture
Protoplasmic fusion
In vitro screening
Multiplication
Development of superior cultivars
27
45
Type of plant tissue culture
46
Seed culture
47
Meristem culture
Type of meristem culture
48
Protoplast culture
49
Organ culture
50
Shoot tips culture
Leaf culture
51
Flower culture
Anther culture Ovary culture Ovule culture
52
Anther culture
53
Pollen culture
54
Embryo culture
55
Advantages of Micro propagation
A large number of plants can be produced in a very short time 56
The plantlets will be clones of the mother plant
57
Virus free plant
58
Elimination of virusesPlant from the field
Pre-growth in the greenhouse
‘Virus-free’ Plants
Heat treatment35oC / months
Activegrowth
Meristem culture
Micropropagation cycle
Virus testing
AdventitiousShoot formation
59
60
Rapidly propagation
61
Continuous propagation year round
62
Micro propagation applications
Rapid increase of stock of new varieties
Elimination of diseases
Cloning of plant types not easily propagated by conventional methods
Propagules have enhanced growth features
Limitation:
Initial set up is very expensive
High cost of laboratory materials
Somaclonal variation
Lack of expertise
Contamination3863
Limitation:
Initial set up is very expensive
High cost of laboratory materials
Somaclonal variation
Lack of expertise
Contamination
Cost will be minimize after few years of
commercial production
3864
Limitation:
Initial set up is very expensive
High cost of laboratory materials
Somaclonal variation
Lack of expertise
Contamination
Cost will be minimize after few years of
commercial production
Enrich germplasm collection
Increase variety
3865
Limitation:
Initial set up is very expensive
High cost of laboratory materials
Somaclonal variation
Lack of expertise
Contamination
Cost will be minimize after few years of
commercial production
Enrich germplasm collection
Increase variety
38
Can be trained up by using foreign collaboration
66
Conclusion:
Few types of flower -with few cultivar
Cause dependency about propagating material
Introduce new type of flower and propagating material
Propagation of elite variety
3967
Recommendation
Strengthen the research capabilities to help develop new, improved varieties
Introduce new varieties from similar growing ecologies and test their performance and adoptability
Organize its multiplication at DAE , for making them available to farmers.
Government should take initiative to build tissue culture lab in every district
4068
Thanks To All
69
70
Somaclonal Variation Variation found in somatic cells dividing mitotically
in culture A general phenomenon of all plant regeneration
systems that involve a callus phase Variation in trait(s) generated by use of a tissue-
culture cycle Genetic variations in plants that have been
produced by plant tissue culture and can be detected as genetic or phenotypic traits
Two general types of Somaclonal Variation:– Heritable, genetic changes (alter the DNA)– Stable, but non-heritable changes (alter gene
expression,epigenetic)
71
Genetic (Heritable Variations)•Pre-existing variations in the somatic cells of explant
•Caused by mutations and other DNA changes
•Occur at high frequency
•Variations generated during tissue culture•Caused by temporary phenotypic changes•Occur at low frequency
Epigenetic (Non-heritable Variations)
72
Causes of Somaclonal Variations
Physiological Cause
Genetic Cause
Biochemical Cause
73
1. Change in chromosome number2. Change in chromosome structure3. Gene Mutation4. Extrachomosomal gene mutation5. Transposable element activation6. DNA sequence
Genetic Cause
74
Change in DNA Detection of altered fragment size by using Restriction enzyme
Change in Protein Loss or gain in protein band Alteration in level of specific protein
Methylation of DNA Methylation inactivates transcription process
DNA sequence
75
Advantages of Somaclonal Variations
• Help in crop improvement• Creation of additional genetic
varitaions• Increased and improved production
of secondary metabolites• Selection of plants resistant to
various toxins, herbicides, high salt concentration and mineral toxicity
• Suitable for breeding of perrenial species 76
Multiplication in controlled laboratorium conditions
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
• Plant tissue is grown in nutrient dishes
under laboratory conditions
• Tissue with cell division function used –
growing tips
• A high volume of small plants can be
produced in a short space of time
• High production cost
Micro-propagation
http://manoa.hawaii.edu
http://dbtmicropropagation.nic.in
93
• Sexual – seed
• Pollination of female flowers/flower
parts
• New plants may vary from parents –
not identical
• Opportunity to raise new plant
cultivars/varieties
• Vegetative – using plant parts – not
seed
• Leaf, stem, root, shoot, bud, tubers,
bulbs...
• Identical to parent plant
• Used to retain specific plant
characteristics
Types of Propagation
www.rhs.org.uk
94
What is Propagation?
A method of producing new plants.
In commercial horticulture it is a specialised sector that includes seed breeders, young plant nurseries
and a wide range of suppliers.
Knowing how to propagate or manage young plants is essential for all horticultural businesses.
95
• Most common horticultural methods are
seed or cuttings
• Other methods include grafting, budding,
division and micro-propagation.
Methods of Propagation
ww
w.fl
orac
ultu
re.e
uw
ww
.bor
dnam
onah
ortic
ultu
re.ie