Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Reducing deforestation and implementing sustainable land-use are major challenges in the Peruvian Amazon, where the socio-economic development of smallholder migrant farmers and the attraction of private investment forlarge-scale agriculture, oil extraction and mining, together with the construction of roads, are part of government strategy to integrate the region in the growing national economy. This study considers the potential of intervening in the configuration and structure of the agricultural mosaic, combining avoided deforestation, reforestation and tree enrichment in the landholdings of smallholder cacao farmers of the Ucayali region. Due to favorable international prices and public and private investments, the last 10 years has seen a rapid proliferation of producers’ associations that have become important players in local development. Besides connecting farmers to the market and providing agricultural services, associations are important in the process of land allocation and titling, in lobbying for infrastructure and services for settlers, and ultimately in determining land-use trajectories, including deforestation and forest degradation. Cacao producers’ associations have also played an important role in promoting the certification process and, more recently, access to the voluntary carbon market. For all these reasons, such associations are a suitable entry-point for interventions affecting land-use at the landscape-level.
Citation preview
“Tree cover transitions and investment in multi-colored economy : hypotheses grounded in data”. 13-3-2013 Cifor Campus Bogor, Indonesia
Iniciativa de Monitoreo Socio-
ecológico de la Amazonía Occidental
Western Amazon Sentinel Landscape
Valentina Robiglio, ICRAF
IMSAO: introduction
40 M Ha
Between 6.3/6.5….general themes for research emerged from the partners’ meeting
• What are the primary factors that determine deforestation (eg. agricultural and forest policy, mining, infrastructure development)?
• What is the social/environmental cost of land use change?
• Do informal markets and land uses affect land use and natural resources change more than formal ones?
• Improving private sector environment, rural associations could be more productive and efficient…what about landscape impact?
UCAYALI: general information Capital: Pucallpa area: 102,410 km2 (8% Peru) 2012 population: 490,000 (25%rural); Poverty: 70% (2001)e 20% (2011) 2007 HDI = 0.6022 Agriculture (area): <2% Peru 1994 census: 21,000 landholdings Coca: >3,000 ha (2011) 8 million ha forests: 50% concessions
Back ground map Source: GLC 2000
Population density and settlement distribution
Poverty index (% of extreme poverty)
Indigenous groups land
Conflicts over Land
Cumulative deforestation -2009
Cumulative Deforested area: 1990 : 547,750 ha 2000 : 627,064 ha 2010 : 700,000 ha
Drivers of change
Infrastructural development
Transport infrastructure
timber trails
town roads
highway (Lima-Pucallpa)
•Establishment of settlements and
provision of social services by
PDA/MINAG
Regional and national development
plans
Agricultural expansion
Expansion of smallholders’
agriculture: annual and
biannual farming (S&B), oil
palm , pastures, cacao,
illegal crops;
Wood Extraction
•Legal Timber production
•Informal, small-scale
production of timber,
charcoal and firewood
Mining & Energy
Gold mining
(legal/illegal)
•Hydrocarbur
concessions
Demographic factors
Population increase
Uncontrolled Migration
from the Andean region
Rapid Unplanned regional
urban growth
Economic factors
•Improved market access
(national & global) and
increased demand for
commodities
•Extensive agriculture
(slash-and-burn) only
viable option for low
income settlers
•Alternative development
agency investments to
eradicate illegal crops
Institutional and political factors
•Lack of clear, comprehensive
development/conservation strategy at the
regional and national level
•Promotion of settling
•Lack of policy implementation (e.g. for
timber harvest control).
•Promotion of cattle ranching (1970s)
•Subsidies and credit availability /
Alternative Development interventions
•Land titling process and land trafficking
Socio-Cultural
factors
•Scarce local
ecological knowledge
of the migrants
•Persistence of
illegal/criminal
networks for
trafficking in illegal
crops, timber, gold
and land
Other
Forest fires, from
uncontrolled agricultural
burning
Agronomic
•Rapid soil fertility loss
•Pest and weed
reduce harvests
•Lack of assessment
of land suitability to
target crops
DIR
EC
T D
RIV
ER
S
UN
DE
RL
YIN
G D
RIV
ER
S
Modified from Velarde e t al. 2010
Provincial level: Padre Abad
PADRE ABAD
Population and settlements dynamics
0
100
200
300
400
Forest 95% > short fallow
Forest 95%>mosaic with pastures
Forest 95%> Forest 70%
Forest 95%> Forest 50%
Long fallow > Short fallowLAND USE CHANGES 1990-2007
Data ASB/REALU (Glenn Hymann0)
Provincial level: land cover/use changes
Provincial level: Padre Abad
Tenure and land cover dynamics
Trajectories of changes on the ground:
The way forward… - Work on the contextualization of the 6.3 overarching HPs: Link observed trajectories of land use observed at the provincial levels to tree cover trends and overarching HPs (adding socio-cultural component, understanding of migration and population distribution, understanding of land transactions , of investment and development programs e.g. PDA)
- Analysis of land use zoning and planning practices (REDD Mesa, ZEE
technical unit, DGOT in MINAM)
- Link observed trajectories to drivers of change and actors (oil palm – large holders/smallholders, oil palm versus cacao and pastures, displacements)
- Assess the impact of changes on ES functions and the feedback options
- Identify strategic partners (e.g. farmers’ organizations as an entry point to
THANK YOU
