SEMESTER 1 EXTRA CREDIT ASSIGNMENT DIRECTIONS:

• This assignment is intended to provide you an opportunity to raise your grade while also preparing for the semester final.

• You must complete the ENTIRE ASSIGNMENT in order to be eligible for extra credit. Incomplete assignments will not be graded.

• A complete and correct assignment will earn a 2% raise in a student’s overall grade. • Below are 146 multiple choice questions covering the colonial period through Reconstruction.

Some questions are straightforward and others will require you to do some research. • You are required to answer each question and provide an explanation for your answer. Your

explanations must be at least THREE COMPLETE SENTENCES per question and HANDWRITTEN. Your final assignment should have a cover sheet (like you complete for your tests) numbered 1-146 with your letter responses to each question. Attached to that cover sheet should be your packet of explanations for each question. Again, all 146 questions must be answered in order to be eligible for extra credit.

• If you have any questions regarding the assignment directions, feel free to email me. However, I will not provide you hints or answers to any questions, as you have plenty of resources to use to answer these questions.

• DUE DATE: Friday, January 18th (no assignment will be accepted after this, although you can turn it in early if you’d like)

Enjoy!

1) An important difference between French and English patterns of colonization of North America was that (A) The French discovered significant quantities of precious metals (B) the French successfully founded a permanent settlement prior to 1600 (C) the French successfully converted large numbers of Native Americans to Christianity (D) French Protestant dissenters were prohibited from migrating to the New World (E) French settlers enslaved large numbers of Native Americans 2) During the eighteenth century the social structures of British-America and England differed in that there was no (A) practice of deference to one’s social superiors in British-America (B) significant middle class in England (C) aristocracy in British-America (D) large, destitute white beggar class in British-America (E) titled nobility in England. 3) All of the following statements about early Georgia are true except (A) It was founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732. (B) It provided an opportunity for a new life for people imprisoned for debt. (C) It provided a refuge for all persecuted European Protestants. (D) Slavery and the use of alcohol were banned. (E) Its first charter provided for a Governor and a representative legislature. 4) In Puritan New England the state supported the Congregational church by all of the following means except (A) selecting clergymen (B) expelling dissidents (C) enforcing compulsory attendance at services (D) taxing residents to finance churches (E) establishing colleges to train ministers. 5) Which of the following was an important result of Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia? (A) increased power for the House of Burgesses (B) more representation for the western counties of Virginia in the House of Burgesses (C) the restriction of white settlement west of the Appalachian mountains (D) Parliamentary taxation of tobacco exports (E) the negotiation of a new Indian treaty that opened up more western land for whites. 6) In the thirteen colonies prior to 1763, a major source of political tensions was the conflict between (A) the governors and the leaders of the assemblies (B) the governors and their councils (C) the leaders of the assemblies and British customs agents (D) the leaders of local governments and the leaders of the assemblies (E) between the governors and the leaders of local governments. 7) During the early years of the Pennsylvania colony William Penn did all of the following except (A) obtain a charter that gave the King of England the right to veto the colony’s laws (B) negotiate the purchase of land from the Delaware Indians (C) design a plan for the city of Philadelphia (D) proclaim a doctrine of religious toleration for all who professed belief in “One almighty God” (E) establish a policy of free trade between Pennsylvania and the rest of the British Empire. 8) Which of the following was an important result of British mercantilist policy? (A) the growth of North American manufacturing (B) a surplus of imports over exports for the empire as a whole (C) improvement in the standard of living in the colonies (D) the stifling of urban growth in the colonies (E) the reduction of trade restrictions with European nations. 9) Which of the following were important consequences of the Great Awakening of the 1740s? I. an increase in church membership in all regions II. an increase in religious toleration and freedom III. the founding of Harvard and Yale IV. the division of the Congregational and Presbyterian churches into rival factions V. a renewed interest in the conversion and more humane treatment of Indians and blacks (A) I, II, III, and V only (B) I, III, IV, and IV only (C) I, II, III, and IV only (D) I, II, IV, and V only (E) all of the above.

10) All of the following groups were part of the coalition that constituted the Jacksonian Democratic party except: A) economically marginal northern farmers (B) self-employed artisans (C) hired workers (D) urban Catholic immigrants (E) rural Protestant slaveholders. 11) The purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas was (A) to divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal (B) to specify which parts of North America should be French and which parts Spanish (C) to create an alliance of France, Holland, and England against Spanish designs in the New World (D) to divide the New World between France and Spain (E) to exclude any Portuguese colonization from the Western hemisphere. 12) The main reason for the British colonial authorities’ preference for royal colonies over those with other types of government was (A) the desire to exercise closer control over the colonies (B) the desire to prevent corruption within colonial governments (C) the desire to assure that the rights of the colonists were not infringed by greedy proprietors (D) the need to reduce the size of the colonial bureaucracy (E) the desire to increase colonial prosperity. 13) The Molasses Act was intended to enforce England’s mercantilist policies by (A) forcing the colonists to export solely to Great Britain (B) forcing the colonists to buy sugar from other British colonies rather than from foreign producers (C) forbidding the colonists to engage in manufacturing activity in competition with British industries (D) providing a favorable market for the products of the British East India Company (E) creating an economic situation in which gold tended to flow from the colonies to the mother country. 14) The Albany Congress of 1754 was convened for the major purpose of (A) adding New York to the Dominion of New England (B) getting the colonies to form a “grand council” to coordinate their western expansion and their common defense against Indians (C) uniting the colonies under a “grand council” to resist British economic sanctions and coordinate activities against British tax officials (D) cooperating with the French in their efforts to rid western New York and southern Canada of raiding Indian tribes (E) writing a proclamation to be sent to King George III in protest of the Stamp Act. 15) Colonies such as the Carolinas were known as “restoration colonies” because (A) their creation was mainly due to the restoration of the Stuarts to the English throne (B) they were created as places to send criminals to restore them to civilized behavior and give them a chance to lead decent, honest lives (C) their creation was mainly due to an effort by the English government to restore a balance of power in the New World between the thriving English colonies in New England and the less successful English colonies in the South (D) their creation was mainly due to the restoration of the power of English Parliament over the king (E) their creation was an attempt to restore the supremacy of the Anglican church in the colonies. 16) In the mid-18th century, the first wave of non-English speaking immigrants (other than African slaves) arrived in the English colonies. They were ethnic (A) Poles (B) Scandinavians (C) Germans (D) Italians (E) Russians. 17) The Dominion of New England was established by the English government in 1686 to (A) increase the power of the Puritans (B) end the Glorious Revolution and restore James II to the English throne (C) stimulate trade among the fledgling New England colonies (D) increase the effectiveness of the various New England legislatures (E) increase the authority of the English government over the New England colonies. 18) The use of slavery in the English colonies became widespread after 1660 because (A) it was realized that slaves made better workers than did indentured servants (B) English common law was changed to allow legalized slavery (C) the availability of indentured servants dropped dramatically (D) slaves became a symbol of status among the wealthy at about this time (E) the price to buy a slave dropped dramatically at about this time.

19) The jury in the 1735 trial of John Peter Zenger for the seditious libel of New York’s governor (A) found Zenger guilty of fostering “an ill opinion of the government.” (B) declared that the governor could censor the press (C) asserted that restrictions on the freedom of the press were unconstitutional (D) could not reach a verdict and dismissed the charges against Zenger (E) acquitted Zenger of libel because his criticism of the governor had been true. 20) The headright system adopted in the Virginia colony (A) determined the eligibility of a settler for voting and holding office (B) toughened the laws applying to indentured servants (C) gave fifty acres of land to anyone who could transport himself to the colony (D) encouraged the development of urban centers (E) prohibited the settlement of single men and women in the colony. 21) Roger Williams believed that I. religious dissenters should be expelled from any colony. Il. the state should not impose any authority in matters of faith. III. ministers should assume more authority in governmental matters. IV. colonists had no right to land until it was purchased from the Indians. (A) I and II only (B) II and III only (C) II and IV only (D) I, II, and III only (E) I, II, III, and IV. 22) The Maryland Act of Toleration (1649) I. was passed in response to the charge that the colony was intolerant toward Protestantism. II. was developed when it appeared that Roman Catholics would be outvoted by Protestants in the colony. III. was repealed when the Puritans gained control of the colony. IV. provided for execution of those not accepting the Trinity. (A) I and II only (B) I, II, and III only (C) I, II, and IV only (D) I, III, and IV only (E) I, II, III and IV. 23) The Scotch-Irish immigrants to the English colonies in North America (A) were usually prosperous and well-educated professionals (B) felt little loyalty to either the English government or the Anglican Church (C) were predominantly Roman Catholic (D) tended to settle in the cities and towns along the Atlantic seaboard (E) quickly became active in and supportive of colonial governments. 24) At the time of Columbus’ voyages, the Indian societies of the Americas (A) probably numbered less than 10 million people (B) shared a common language and cultural heritage (C) reflected the same emerging patterns of feudal organization that characterized European societies in the early Middle Ages (D) believed strongly in the concept of private, individual land ownership (E) generally made a sharp division of labor between men’s work and women’s work. 25) Most of the slaves who came to the thirteen mainland colonies in British North America (A) were from the southern part of Africa in what is today South Africa (B) were granted their freedom after a specified period of service (C) never made up more than 5% of the population of any colony (D) were considered to be property and as such could be used as collateral for loans (E) were protected from physical harm by the Roman Catholic Church’s Canon Law. 26) All of the following were responsible for the development of western European expansion in the 15th century except: (A) the desire to break the monopoly of the Italian States on trade with Asia (B) advances in navigational knowledge and ship design (C) the emergence of nation-states (D) an ideology that claimed superiority for the Europeans and inferiority for other peoples (E) Thomas Malthus’ theory that the population of western Europe would eventually outstrip its food supply.

27) Armed conflicts between White Settlers and Native Americans were common during the seventeenth century. Which of the following involved Native Americans? I. Pequot War II. Whiskey Rebellion III. Bacon’s Rebellion IV. King Philip’s War (A) I only (B) I and IV only (C) II and III only (D) I, II and III only (E) I, III and IV only 28) In the Seventeenth Century, The Great migration refers to the (A) settlement of the puritans in Massachusetts Bay (B) Trade in slaves between west Africa and the West Indies (C) Immigration of the Irish to the colonies (D) expansion of the White settlement across the Appalachian Mountains (E) settlement of French speaking Canadians in Louisiana. 29) The most significant difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans is that the Pilgrims (A) arrived in New England first (B) obtained a grant of settlement from the London Company (C) wished to separate from the Church of England (D) had a strong leader (E) celebrated the first Thanksgiving. 30) The Sovereignty and Goodness of God or Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson was (A) an account of the Salem Witch Trials (B) a sermon by Jonathan Edwards, which precipitated the Great Awakening (C) an argument used by the abolitionists in attacking slavery (D) the most popular story about native Americans written in the English colonies (E) a statement in favor of temperance. “... be it enacted [that henceforth]... no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations or territories to his Majesty belonging ... but in such ships or vessels whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English.” 31) The passage above is from a series of enactments known as the (A) Townshend Acts (B) Coercive Acts (C) Navigation Acts (D) Embargo (E) American System. “For the work we have in hand, it is by a mutual consent though a special overruling providence, and a more than ordinary approbation of the churches of Christ to seek out a place of cohabitation and consortship under a due form of government both civil and ecclesiastical. In such cases as this the case of the public must oversway all private respects, by which not only conscience, by mere civil policy doth bind us; for it is a true rule that particular estates cannot subsist in the ruin of the public.” 32) The statement above, made by John Winthrop in 1630, illustrates the Puritan commitment to (A) democracy (B) authoritarianism (C) community (D) individualism (E) capitalism. “...Whereas...[the colonies] have freely declared... that a most flourishing civil state may stand and best be maintained... with a full liberty in religious concernments and that true

piety rightly grounded upon gospel principles will give the best and greatest security to sovereignty and will lay in the hearts of men the strongest obligations to true loyalty: “... we, being willing to... secure them [the people] in the free exercise and enjoyment of all their civil and religious rights... and to preserve unto them that liberty, in the true Christian faith and worship of God, which they have sought... to enjoy... do hereby publish, grant, ordain, and declare... that no person with the said colony, at any time hereafter, shall be any wise molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question for any differences in opinion in matters of religion.” 33) The above quotation is most likely taken from (A) the Mayflower Compact (B) the Rhode Island colonial charter (C) a speech to Parliament by King James I (D) the Albany Plan of Union (E) the transcript of the trial of Peter Zenger. 34) The practice referred to as the "jeremiad" was a: (A) business practice of New England merchant ship captains involving the swapping of New England produced rum on the African Gold Coast for black slaves which were then exported to the British West Indies for sugar and a profit (B) meeting of southern colonial farmers and plantation owners at rural crossroads to be informed of recent laws passed by the local colonial legislature (C) new form of sermon heard in Puritan New England about the 1690s warning New Englanders of their waning piety (D) Quaker religious meeting in which both women and men could stand before the congregation and testify as to the power of God and a personal relationship with Christ. 35) The Quakers came from England with all of the following beliefs except: (A) that the land of America belonged to the Indians (B) that all men and women shared equality "within the light" (C) that an official clergy and sacraments were totally unnecessary for faith and salvation (D) that swearing oaths and making war was against Divine Law (E) that there should be rigid separation and segregation of men and women in public meetings. 36) "0 sinner! consider the fearful danger you are in! It is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath that you are held over in the hand of that God whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you as many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread...." This statement by Jonathan Edwards in the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God was most closely associated with: (A) Puritan orthodoxy (B) the Great Awakening (C) Transcendentalism (D) Deism (E) the Enlightenment 37) What was the purpose of the Halfway Covenant? (A) To destroy the power of the Puritan Church. (B) To maintain the power of the Puritans in a time of declining membership. (C) To assist the rising Congregational Church (D) To burn witches. (E) All of the above “Small islands not capable of protecting themselves are the proper objects for government to take under their care; but there is something absurd, in supposing a Continent to be perpetually governed by an island.” 38) This quotation is from (A) The Declaration of Resolves of the First Continental Congress (B) Thomas Paine’s Common Sense (C) Thomas Jefferson’s A Summary of the Rights of British America (D) The Declaration of Independence (E) Benjamin Franklin’s testimony before the House of Commons.

39) In the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the United States obtained all of the following except (A) the acquisition of West Florida (B) independence from Great Britain (C) the right to fish along the coast of Canada (D) the acquisition of the land between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi River (E) the right of navigation on the Mississippi River. 40) In response to the Coercive Acts, the First Continental Congress (A) approved the Declaration of Independence (B) approved the use of force against British troops (C) rejected all further allegiance to the King of England (D) approved only a non importation, nonconsumption, and non exportation agreements against Great Britain. 41) Between 1778 and 1781 the British strategy in the Revolutionary War concentrated on the (A) capture of Boston and New York City (B) seizure and control of the Hudson River Valley (C) capture of Philadelphia (D) capture of southern cities and the control of the southern states (E) destruction of George Washington’s army. 42) When the British Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, it (A) resumed the policy of internal taxation that it had inaugurated with the Stamp Act (B) exempted the New England colonies from the new taxes (C) levied new colonial import taxes on tea and several other products (D) levied a new colonial import tax on tea only (E) closed the port of Boston. 43) The outcome of the American Revolution had an important impact on North American Indians before 1800 because it (A) removed the British as a possible ally against the rising power of the Americans (B) destroyed the power of the interior tribes (C) gave the Americans control over the settlement of the Trans-Appalachian west (D) accept a subordinate role in all areas of life in the new nation (E) forced most of the Indians to relocate west of the Mississippi. 44) According to the philosophy of “Republican Motherhood,” American women should (A) be educated and should play an important role in the politics of the new nation (B) be educated and should raise virtuous citizens for the new nation (C) be educated and should demand equal rights with men (D) accept a subordinate role in all areas of life in the new nation (E) devote all of their attention to family and religious life. 45) Which of the following statements about the Loyalists is true? (A) Most were lawyers or office holders in the royal administration (B) They tended to be Anglican in religion in each region of the colonies (C) New York produced more of them than any other colony (D) Towns produced more of them than rural areas (E) Virtually all of them came from the highest ranks of colonial society. 46) Congress’s most successful and effective method of financing the War of Independence was (A) printing large amounts of paper money (B) obtaining grants and loans from France and the Netherlands (C) levying heavy direct taxes (D) issuing paper securities backed by the promise of western land grants (E) appealing to the states for voluntary contributions. 47) Which of the following is true of the Stamp Act Congress? (A) It was the first unified government for all the American colonies (B) It provided an important opportunity for colonial stamp agents to discuss methods of enforcing the act (C) It was attended only by Georgia, Virginia, and the Carolinas (D) It provided an important opportunity for colonial leaders to meet and establish ties with one another (E) It rejected the assertion that the colonies ought to protest acts of Parliament deemed to be unconstitutional. 48) The primary American objection to the Stamp Act was that (A) it was an internal tax, whereas Americans were prepared to accept only external taxes (B) it was the first tax of any kind ever imposed by Britain on the colonies (C) its proposed tax rates were so high as to have crippled the colonial economy (D) it was a measure for raising revenue from the colonies but it had not been approved by the colonists through their

representatives (E) it constituted an unwarranted interference with the colonial economy in a manner that would have greatly restrained free trade. 49) In seeking diplomatic recognition from foreign powers during the War for Independence the American government found it necessary to (A) make large financial payments to the governments of France, Spain, and Holland (B) promise to cede large tracts of American territory to France upon a victorious conclusion of the war (C) demonstrate its financial stability and self-sufficiency (D) demonstrate a determination and potential to win independence (E) agree to grant France a specially favored trading status. 50) According to the Olive Branch Petition, the colonies (A) were ready to declare their independence from Great Britain (B) remained loyal to King George III (C) demanded that British troops immediately leave the colonies (D) agreed to raise a common army to defend themselves (E) accepted the Stamp Act if they were allowed to elect members of Parliament. 51) All of the following are characteristics of the African slave trade in the 18th century except: (A) Kings of African nations along the coast sold slaves to white traders (B) during the “middle passage” slaves were chained and kept below deck most of the time (C) Degradation and psychological damage occurred to all those involved, according to scholars today (D) The colonists relied on the English traders to supply slaves (E) Most of the slaves sold in the Southern Colonies were imported directly from Africa 52) The mercantile system burdened the colonials with annoying liabilities. Which of the following is an example of the liabilities of the mercantile system? I Economic initiative was stifled because Americans were not at complete liberty to buy, sell, ship, or manufacture under conditions that they found most profitable. II The southern colonies, were generally favored over the northern ones, chiefly because they grew non-English products like tobacco, sugar, and rice. III One-crop Virginians, who sold their tobacco in Europe, were able to circumvent British merchants. IV Many of the fashionable Virginia planters were plunged into debt by the falling price of tobacco and were forced to buy their necessities in England by mortgaging future crops. (A) I and II (D) I, II and III (B) II and III (E) I, II, III, and IV (C) III and IV 53) Disestablishment of the Anglican church in Virginia in 1785 meant that (A) all lands held by the church were confiscated and sold (B) other Protestant sects were free, for the first time, to worship in public (C) oaths on the Bible could no longer be given in Virginia courts (D) tax money was no longer used to support the church (E) schools controlled by the church had to close. 54) Which of the following is not in correct chronological order? (A) First Navigation Laws to control colonial commerce, French and Indian War,Stamp Act, Boston Massacre (B) Board of Trade assumes governance of colonies, Declaratory Act, British troops occupy Boston, Boston Massacre (C) French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) ends, Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Committees of correspondence formed (D) Sugar Act, British troops occupy Boston, First Navigation Laws, "Intolerable Acts" (E) Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts passed, Boston Tea Party

55) The Battle of Bunker Hill (A) The British lost about half their troops (B) The colonist held their position at Breed’s Hill (C) British General Howe was killed (D) the Green Mountain Boys under Ethan Allen defeated the larger British army. 56) Which event occurred in the United States during the critical period (1781-1789)? (A) Whiskey Rebellion (B) Shay's Rebellion (C) The Stono Rebellion (D) Hartford Convention (E) Meeting of the 2nd Continental Congress. 57) Lord North's ministry reacted to the resolves of the First Continental Congress by: (A) adopting William Pitt's policy of conciliating the colonies by recognizing the Congress in exchange for acknowledgment of Parliament's supremacy (B) ordering a blockade of the ports of Boston and New York (C) sending commissioners to North America to negotiate a settlement (D) devising a bilateral policy with the Dutch to takeover English shipping (E) directing the military to suppress dissent in Massachusetts. 58) The state constitutions written during the Confederation period generally (A) eliminated most property and taxpaying requirements for voting for adult white males (B) gave more power to the governors than the legislatures (C) included extensive systems of separation of powers and checks and balances among the three branches of government (D) gave more power to the legislatures than the governors (E) gave free blacks more rights than they had under the colonial governments. 59) The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution differed in their systems of government in that ultimate political sovereignty was located in (A) the states under the Articles and in Congress under the Constitution (B) the states under the Articles and in the federal government under the Constitution (C) included extensive systems of separation of powers and checks and balances among the three branches of government. (D) gave more power to the legislatures than the governors (E) gave free blacks more right than they had under the colonial governments 60) The greatest significance of the Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison (1802) was that it (A) claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could issue directives to the president (B) claimed that the Supreme Court alone was empowered to say what the Constitution meant (C) claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could declare an act of Congress to be unconstitutional (D) was openly defied by President Thomas Jefferson (E) resulted in a major realignment of the first American party system. 61) In response to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts by the Federalist Congress, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison (A) drafted the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions which supported the concept of states’ rights (B) violated the Sedition Act in an effort to test its constitutionality (C) demanded that the Alien Acts be submitted to a national referendum (D) proposed a constitutional amendment limiting the president’s power to enforce the acts (E) urged the Republican members of Congress to boycott its sessions until the acts were repealed. 62) Which of the following is in correct chronological order? (A) Articles of Confederation, Whiskey Rebellion, Constitutional Convention, Shay’s Rebellion (B) Shays’ Rebellion, Articles of Confederation, Whiskey Rebellion, Constitutional Convention (C) Articles of Confederation, Shays’ Rebellion, Constitutional Convention, Whiskey Rebellion (D) Whiskey Rebellion, Articles of Confederation, Constitutional Convention, Shays’ Rebellion, (E) Constitutional Convention, Articles of Confederation, Shays’ Rebellion, Whiskey Rebellion 63) The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for (A) a ban on the importation of slaves into the Northwest Territory (B) a survey of the Northwest Territory and its division into the townships (C) the procedure by which new states would be admitted into the Union (D) protection of Indians by prohibiting white settlement west of the Appalachians (E) the establishment of a series of forts along the Mississippi.

“Your sentiments, that our affairs are drawing rapidly to a crisis, accord with my own. What the event will be, is also beyond the reach of my foresight. We have errors to correct. We have probably had too good an opinion of human nature in forming our confederation. Experience has taught us, that men will not adopt and carry into execution measures best calculated for their own good, without the intervention of a coercive power. I do not conceive that we can exist long as a nation without having lodged some where a power, which will pervade the whole Union in as energetic a manner as the authority of the State governments extends over the several States.” 64) Which of the following best describes the author of this passage? (A) Federalist (B) Jackson Democrat (C) Abolitionist (D) Anti-Federalist (E) States Rightist. 65) Why would the average frontier settler in Illinois most likely support the United State’s acquisition of New Orleans? (A) It would provide a good market for Midwestern corn (B) It would prove the nation supported expansion (C) It would provide convenient access to a large slave market (D) It controlled the Mississippi River trade route (E) It was an urban center with a cosmopolitan lifestyle. “Now it appears...that this general principle is inherent in the very definition of government, and essential to every step of the progress to be made by that United States, namely: that every power vested in a government is in its nature sovereign, and includes, by force of the term, a right to employ all the means requisite and fairly applicable to the attainment of the ends of such power and which are not precluded by restrictions...in the Constitution, or not immoral, or not contrary to the essential ends of political society...” 66) The above quotation expressed the position on the Constitution advocated by a (A) states-righter (B) loose constructionist (C) Federalist (D) Jeffersonian (E) strict constructionist. 67) Which of the following is not in the Preamble of the Constitution? (A) To form a more perfect union (B) To protect life, liberty, and property (C) To promote the general welfare (D) To secure the blessings of liberty (E) To provide for the common defense 68) Which of the following is a correct paraphrase of the Implied Powers (or Elastic Clause) of the Constitution? Congress shall have power to make all laws necessary and proper (A) to promote the general welfare of the United States (B) to provide for the common defense, pay the public debt, and promote the general welfare (C) to carry out the provisions of this Constitution (D) to carry out the list of powers of which the Implied Powers Clause is the last (E) to maintain the Union 69) All but one of the following statements about the Marbury v. Madison case (1803) are true. identify the exception (A) The case was the first to involve the principle of judicial review by the Supreme Court. (B) The case involved the judiciary Act of 1789. (C) The Court upheld a law of Congress that was challenged by Jefferson. (D) The Court declared an act of Congress unconstitutional. (E) Chief Justice Marshall and President Jefferson held opposing political views.

70) In his Farewell Address, President Washington gave two bits of advice he thought the nation should follow. In substance, they are among the following statements. Identify them by letter. (A) Avoid making treaties with other nations. (B) Maintain at least two independent and strong political parties. (C) Avoid permanent entangling alliances. (D) It is better to be on the side of freedom for individuals than on the side of excessive power for the government. (E) Make sure that attachment to a political party does not become a stronger influence than attachment to the nation 71) The Second Great Awakening (A) was led by ministers from the Congregational and Anglican churches. (B) placed renewed emphasis upon the doctrine of predestination (C) had little impact upon the black community (D) had a democratizing impact upon American religion (E) was primarily led by Quakers and Lutherans. 72) Which statement best describes America's central government after the end of British rule in 1783? (A) The states were ruled under the terms of the Declaration of Independence (B) The original thirteen states possessed a weak and ineffective central government (C)) None of the thirteen states desired to be associated in any way with its neighbors (D) The Constitution provided a strong and stable central government (E) The Revolution was still being fought in the South. 73) How did Hamilton plan to solve the problem of the foreign and domestic debt of the United States? (A) through the sale of bonds (B) increase the tax load of the people (C) print more money to pay off the debt (D) refuse to pay the debt. 74) Which of Hamilton's recommendations was not accepted by the Congress? (A) pay the federal debt at face value (B) adopt an excise tax on whiskey (C) establish a national bank (D) encourage the development of industry and manufacturing. 75) The Jay Treaty (A) resulted in unanimous Senate approval (B) pleased no one in the United States (C) was unpopular but was finally ratified by the Senate (D) was popular in France. 76) Which three new states entered the United States in the first decade after the Constitution was ratified? (A) Vermont, Kentucky and Tennessee (B) Kentucky, Tennessee and Ohio (C) Vermont, Maine and Ohio (D) Maine, Missouri and Vermont (E) Maine, Missouri and California. 77) President Andrew Jackson’s Specie Circular stipulated that (A) inefficient employees of the federal government should be immediately dismissed regardless of their political affiliation (B) federal government deposits should be withdrawn from the Second Bank of the United States (C) no federal funds should be spent on internal improvements (D) paper money should not be accepted in payment for federal government lands sold (E) the government would use force if necessary to collect the tariff in South Carolina. 78) In the Nullification controversy, some Southerners took the position that (A) the federal government had the right to nullify state laws that interfered with the right to hold property in slaves (B) the federal courts had the right to nullify acts of Congress that restricted the spread of slavery in the territories (C) the states had the right to nullify acts of the federal government they deemed to be unconstitutional (D) Southern states had the light to nullify statutes of Northern states interfering with the recapture of escaped slaves (E) Congress should refuse to receive any petitions against slavery. 79) The 1840s Pre-emption Act, signed by President John Tyler, provided that (A) the status of slavery in a territory was to be decided by the settlers there (B) slave law preempted free law in disputes involving escaped slaves (C) settlers who had squatted on government land would have first chance to buy it (D) the vice-president automatically became president upon the death of the president (E) federal law preempted state law in matters pertaining to slavery.

80) In the 1830s and 1840s, the primary difference between the Whigs and the Democrats was that (A) the Whigs favored economic expansion while the Democrats favored a stable but retracted economy (B) the Democrats favored the abolition of slavery while the Whigs favored retaining the current system of slavery being allowed in the Southern states that desired it, but no further expansion of slavery north of the Mason-Dixon line (C) the Whigs favored an expanded, activist federal government while the Democrats favored a limited non-interventionist federal government (D) the Democrats were strongly supported by evangelical Christians and supported a wide range of moral reforms while the Whigs were supported by Westerners who favored individual choice over morally based restrictions on behavior (E) the Whigs favored limitations on westward expansion while the Democrats favored the concept of “manifest destiny” and expansion to the Pacific Ocean. 81) The statement that “all men and women are created equal” and that “the history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.... “ was issued by the (A) organizers of the National Organization of Women (NOW) (B) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in support of women’s suffrage (C) Seneca Falls Woman’s Rights Convention in its “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolution” (D) supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (E) National Women’s Suffrage Association and the American Women’s Suffrage Association in a joint unity resolution. 82) Andrew Jackson defended his policy of “rotation in office” which became known as the “spoils system” by asserting that I a man should serve a term in office then return to the status of private citizen. II. men who held office too long became corrupted by a sense of power. III. the duties of government were too complex for the average citizen IV. political appointments by newly elected officials promoted democracy. (A) I and If only (D) I, II, and IV only (B) II and III only (E) I, II, III, and IV (C) Ill and IV only 83) The Indian Removal Act of 1830, which sought to continue the Jeffersonian policies toward the Eastern tribes (A) was vetoed by Andrew Jackson (B) proposed moving the Eastern tribes to the trans-Mississippi West (C) conferred citizenship and the franchise on Indian adult male property owners (D) did not apply to either the Cherokees or the Seminoles (E) declared the Eastern tribal lands to be independent nations. 84) Prior to the Civil War the putting-out system involved the (A) subcontracting of piece work by manufacturers (B) hiring out of slaves in southern cities (C) appreciating of children from their families to other households (D) hiring of artisans by master craftsmen (E) hiring of artisans by manufacturers to work in their factories. 85) Which of the following values are associated with the cult of domesticity in the nineteenth century America? I. Women were expected to preserve the home as a refuge from the strains of the business world. II. Women were primarily responsible for the religious and moral life of the family. III. Husbands and wives shared power equally within the confines of family life. IV. Fathers had the primary responsibility to train their sons to be virtuous citizens. V. Household work should be performed efficiently and scientifically. (A) I, II, and III only (D) I, II, III, and IV only (B) I, II, and IV only (E) I, II, III, and V only

(C) I, II, and V only 86) All of the following contributed to the deteriorating status of northern free blacks between 1830 and 1860 except: (A) stereotypes of blacks inferiority (B) a large influx of black migrants from the South (C) segregation laws (D) competition with Irish immigrants for work (E) increasing opportunities for white males. 87) Martin Van Buren’s most significant achievement in American politics was the (A) annexation of Texas (B) Specie circular (C) organization of the Jacksonian Democratic party (D) Compromise of 1850 (E) destruction of the Second Bank of the United States. 88) The Supreme Court in Worcester v Georgia (1832) declared that (A) a citizen of one state could sue another state (B) Indian tribes had no standing in federal courts (C) Georgia could take over Indian territory within its borders (D) Native Americans were entitled to U.S. citizenship (E) Georgia law could not be enforced in the Cherokee Nation. 89) The chief weapon used by Andrew Jackson in his dispute with the National Bank was (A) his decision to print more paper money (B) to deposit government money in state banks (C) to give unqualified support to the Tariff of 1832 (D) the support of the Supreme Court in voiding the bank’s charter (E) paying government debts from tariff revenue only. 90) Which of the following is true about the American Anti-Slavery Society? I It was organized in December 1733 in Philadelphia to advance the abolition of slavery in the United States. II It was established by delegates from similar state and local societies, including the Boston organization, under the leadership of the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and was the first such society in America. III The three abolitionist leaders responsible for establishing the American Anti-Slavery Society were Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Alexander Stephens. IV Militant in the fight against slavery, the organizers were regarded in the South as fanatics; members of the society were denounced, and meetings were broken up. (A) II and IV only (D) I, II, III and IV (B) I, III, and IV only (E) None of these (C) III and IV only 91) Which of the following is true about William Henry Seward? I American statesman, He served as governor of New York State from 1839 to 1843, supporting educational reform and public works.

II He served in the U.S. Senate from 1849 to 1861 (first as a Whig, then as a Republican), during which time he established an uncompromising antislavery policy. He is famous for the quote, “There is a higher law than the Constitution”

III He was active in organizing the Republican party, formed as a result of the Whig party split over the slavery issue. From 1861 to 1869, IV While secretary of state, Seward also advocated a policy of American expansion. he did secure consent for the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7,200,000. V He served as secretary of state in the Republican administrations of President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson. His perceptiveness and diplomacy in this office were to a large degree responsible for preventing European intervention during the American Civil War.

(A) II and IV only (D) I, II, III and IV (B) I, III, and IV only (E) I, II, III, IV and V (C) III and IV only 92) Which of the following events occurred first? (A) Tariff of Abominations (B) The Force Bill (C) South Carolina’s nullification of U.S. tariff laws (D) Clay’s Compromise Tariff of 1833 (E) Calhoun’s resignation as vice-president. 93) In the period from 1790 to 1860, states generally expanded the electorate by (A) permitting women prosperity holder to vote (B) removing property and taxpaying qualifications for adult white males (C) permitting free blacks, but not slaves, to vote (D) permitting all citizens to vote (E) removing literacy requirements. 94) In the history of American transportation, the canal era occurred during which of the following periods? (A) 1600-1625 (B) 1750-1775 (C) 1790-1810 (D) 1820-1850 (E) 1865-1890. 95) In the Charles River Bridge case, the Supreme Court declared that (A) government should regulate business for the good of society (B) states could regulate banks within their borders (C) vaguely worded clauses in charter grants could be decided in favor of the public interest (D) the strict constructionist interpretation was unconstitutional (E) interstate connections came under federal authority. 96) In the Webster-Hayne debates, Hayne would have been presenting all the following views except (A) states were independent sovereignties (B) each state was the final interpreter of its responsibilities (C) the central government was gaining too much power (D) the national government was supreme (E) the states could nullify federal laws. 97) Which of the following arguments were used by opponents against the Second Bank of the United States? I. it did not distribute tax money throughout the nation II. it checked the growth of local banks III. it had too much power IV. it was unresponsive to financial crises V. it was undemocratic (A) I and II only (B) I and IV only (C) I, II and III only (D) I, II, III and IV only (E) I, II, III, IV and V 98) President Martin Van Buren sought to ease the impact of the Panic of 1837 by: (A) declaring a national bank holiday (B) rechartering the National Bank of the United States (C) stimulating western land sales through the Specie Circular (D) securing foreign investments for the U.S. (E) establishing the Independent Treasury System. 99) Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT: (A) internal improvements at national government expense (B) sale of federal lands to finance higher education (C) increased trade among the sections of the nation (D) greater reliance upon domestic financial resources

(E) a tariff for the protection of industry 100) Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan (B) Anthony were leaders in which of the following reform movements during the nineteenth century? (A) abolition of slavery (B) prison reform (C) women's suffrage (D) banning child labor (E) overseas religious missions 101) The Webster-Ashburton Treaty (A) settled the boundary dispute between the United States and Great Britain over Oregon (B) settled the claims by the United States against Great Britain for unneutral acts during the Civil War (C) established the first diplomatic relations between the United States and China (D) ended the Mexican War (E) settled the boundary dispute between the United States and Great Britain over Maine. 102) The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act both (A) continued the Missouri Compromise line (B) applied the doctrine of popular sovereignty to parts of the west (C) included the policy of free soil for parts of the west (D) repealed the Missouri Compromise line (E) were passed under Democratic administrations. 103) Abraham Lincoln charged that President Polk was not justified in requesting congressional authorization for war with Mexico because (A) he had failed to make any attempt to purchase land from Mexico before using force (B) Texas could adequately defend itself against Mexico (C) he had provoked a Mexican attack by moving American troops onto land claimed by Mexico (D) he had launched an offensive war against Mexico without any provocation (E) there was much opposition in Congress to acquiring any territory from Mexico. 104) During the 1850’s the United States played an active diplomatic role in each of the following except: (A) Alaska (B) Japan (C) China (D) Nicaragua (E) Cuba. 105) A significant difference between urban and rural slavery in the South prior to the Civil War is that urban slaves (A) were punished more severely (B) had greater opportunities to practice their own religion (C) had greater political rights (D) were racially segregated in their residences (E) were more likely to be hired out by their masters as skilled artisans. 106) Which of the following factors prevented the United States from annexing Mexico in 1848? I. the failure of the American armies to conquer Mexico city II. the constitutional problem of absorbing a nation without gaining the consent of the people. III. Objections to absorbing a mixed race of Spanish, Indian, and black people IV. doubts about the strategic value of Mexico V. objections to the extension of slavery (A) I, II, and V only (D) II and III only (B) I, II, III, and IV only (E) II, III, and V only. (C) II, III, and IV only 107) The slogan “Fifty-four forty or fight” had to do with (A) the so-called “Aroostook War,” involving a boundary dispute between Maine and New Brunswick (B) the demand for the annexation of all of the Oregon country (C) the demand for the readjustment of the boundary with Mexico (D) the demand of free-soil Northerners that some limit be placed on the spread of slavery in the territories (E) the demand of Southerners that the Missouri Compromise line be extended through the Mexican Cession.

108) The most significant aspect of the Mexican-American War for the United States during the 20 years following the war was that it (A) led to the development of the idea of “passive resistance” among those who opposed the war (B) ended years of hostility between the United States and Mexico (C) reignited the slavery conflict in regards to all the territories newly acquired from Mexico (D) gave America undisputed control over Mexican foreign policy for the next 20 years (E) revealed the shocking ineptitude of American military forces, leading to massive reforms in military training and procedures throughout the 1850s. 109) The Dred Scott case was notable because (A) it guaranteed the rights of U.S. citizenship to freed blacks and former slaves who succeeded in fleeing to “free states” where slavery was prohibited (B) imposed a “gag rule” on Congressional legislation regarding slavery, making it virtually impossible to introduce antislavery legislation (C) nullified the Fugitive Slave Act, making it impossible to apprehend runaway slaves who succeeded in fleeing to “free states” where slavery was prohibited (D) it ruled that states did not have the constitutional right to secede from the Union and upheld Congress’ right to prohibit slavery in the Western territories (E) denied the rights of citizenship to former slaves and prohibited Congress from enacting restrictions against slavery in the Western territories. 110) In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, (A) Lincoln brought to the attention of the nation the contradiction between the doctrine of popular sovereignty and the Dred Scott decision (B) Douglas developed the Freeport Doctrine, in which he said that regardless of any Supreme Court decision slavery could exist in a territory only if the territorial legislature enacted laws to protect it (C) Lincoln argued in defense of popular sovereignty (D) Douglas idly supported the Dred Scott decision (E) Both (A) and (B). 111) In the presidential election of 1860, I. the Democratic Party factionalized and nominated two candidates. II. the election evolved into a contest between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in the

North and John C. Breckinridge and John Bell in the South. III. Abraham Lincoln won less than 50% of the popular vote. IV. no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. (A) I and II only (B) II and Ill only (C) III and IV only (D) II, Ill, and IV only (E) I, II, III, and IV. 112) Which of the following describes the purpose of the Maine Law of 1851? (A) Banning the manufacturer and sale of alcoholic beverages (B) Prohibiting the consumption of alcoholic beverages (C) Woman’s suffrage at the state level (D) State-by-state slavery abolition laws (E) Woman retaining legal rights to their property after marriage. 113) The provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all of these except: (A) Pay 15 million to Mexico (B) Set the Texas Boundary at the Rio Grande (C) Yield California to the United States (D) Yield New Mexico to the United States (E) Yield the Mesilla Valley of Arizona to the United States. 114) Which of the following provided sources of revenue for the federal government in the period from 1800 to 1860? I. Income tax II. Sales tax III. Customs duties IV. Land sales V. Real estate taxes (A) I and II only (B) I and III only (C) II and IV only

(D) III and IV only (E) III, IV, and V only 115) All of the following were factors that contributed to the formation of the Republican party in the 1850’s except: (A) the failure of the United States to seek the annexation of Cuba (B) federal reluctance to finance internal improvements (C) the expansion of slavery into the Western territories (D) fears triggered by the rising number of immigrants entering the United States (E) pressures by abolitionists seeking an effective means to end slavery. “ ... the descendants of Africans who were imported into this country, and sold as slaves ... are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word “Citizens” in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States.” 116) The passage above is from which of the following? (A) Marbury v. Madison (B) The Liberty Party Platform (C) McCulloch v. Maryland (D) Dred Scott v. Sanford (E) The Freedman’s Bureau Act of 1865. 117) Which group of men represented Southern interests in the United States Congress before the Civil War? (A) Henry Clay, Robert Hayne, Daniel Webster (B) Henry Clay, Thomas H. Benton, William Crawford (C) Preston Brooks, Thomas H. Benton, John C. Calhoun (D) Jefferson Davis, Stephen A. Douglas, Charles Sumner 118) Of the approximately 8 million white people in the 15 slave states in 1860, about what percentage were members of families holding one or more slaves? (A) 85% (B) 65% (C) 45% (D) 25% (E) 5%. 119) The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the first “modern” election because (A) the slavery issue was first raised in this campaign (B) there was a very low turnout of eligible voters (C) voting patterns were similar to those later established in the 1890s (D) both parties for the first time widely campaigned among all the eligible voters (E) a second era of good feeling had just come to a close, marking a new departure in politics. 120) The Adams-Onis Treaty ceded to the United States the territory of (A) the Gila Peninsula (B) much of the Pacific Northwest (C) Louisiana (D) Texas (E) Florida. 121) The Rush-Bagot Treaty (A) provided for America to purchase Florida from Spain (B) was perhaps, the first disarmament treaty in the world (C) determined the boundary line between Canada and Maine (D) ended the War of 1812 (E) helped Italy to avoid war with France. 122) The American Colonization Society advocated (A) migration of African-American to northern cities (B) an immediate and uncompensated end to slavery (C) racial equality (D) settlement of Irish immigrants to America (E) the return of ex-slaves to Africa. 123) The famous gag rule prevented (A) the House of Representatives from discussing slavery (B) western states from abolishing slavery (C) discussion of "Manifest Destiny" in the west (D) southerners from sending pro-slavery literature through the US mail (E) abolitionists speaking publicly against slavery. 123) Alexis de Tocqueville attributed American social mobility to (A) the continuation of European traditions in the New World (B) Americans' rights to speak freely and to bear arms (C) the government's

tolerance of labor unions and progressive organizations (D) the lack of an aristocracy and the availability of frontier land (E) mandatory public education. 124) In 1860, the Republican Party attracted large numbers of voters from all of the following constituencies. except (A) Whigs (B) Free-Soilers (C) members of the Liberty Party (D) Southern Democrats (E) Know-Nothings. 125) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE concerning Hinton R. Helper's The Impending Crisis of the South ? (A) attempted to prove that slavery was as damaging to the poor nonslaveholding southern whites as it was to the blacks (B) reprinted in condensed form by abolitionists and spread throughout a northern audience (C) Helper was a longtime, distinguished leader of the abolitionist movement (D) was perceived by the South as much more dangerous to slavery than Stowe's book (E) failed to reach the very audience for which Helper had intended his work to help 126) The Trent affair during the Civil War is analogous to (A) the blowing up of the Maine in 1898 (B) the XYZ affair during the late 1790s (C) the German submarine attacks during World War I (D) the British impressment of American sailors prior to the War of 1812 (E) the boycott of British imports during the American Revolution. 127) The Battle of Vicksburg was important for the outcome of the Civil War because it (A) It gave the Union Army control over the Gulf of Mexico. (B) It led directly to Robert E. Lee’s surrender of his army. (C) It gave the Union Army control of the South’s capital. (D) It gave the Union Army control over the entire length of the Mississippi River. (E) It contributed directly to the Union Army’s victory at Gettysburg. “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.” 128) The Emancipation Proclamation was consistent with this statement by Abraham Lincoln because it abolished slavery (A) only in the North (B) only in Confederate held counties (C) everywhere in the South (D) only in areas controlled by the Union Army (E) only in the border states 129) After he took office Andrew Johnson alienated northern Republicans when he (A) openly broke with Lincoln’s reconstruction policies (B) attempted to obstruct the ratification of the thirteenth Amendment (C) permitted former rebels to assume control of southern state governments (D) supported a new federal law that restricted the rights of the freedmen (E) ignored the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. 130) All of the following statements about blacks during the first years after Emancipation are true except: (A) Most sought reunion with family members. (B) Most attempted to found separate black churches. (C) Large numbers migrated to the north. (D) Most preferred to work as sharecroppers rather than for cash wages. (E) Large numbers sought educational opportunities wherever they were available. 131) During Reconstruction Congress passed all of the following measures except: (A) voting rights for all blacks (B) citizenship for all persons born or naturalized in the United States (C) a military occupation of the southern states (D) a continuation of the Freedmen’s Bureau (E) a civil rights act. 132) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impeachment of Andrew Johnson? (A) He was tried and convicted by the Senate. (B) He was tried but not convicted by the House of

Representatives. (C) He was tried but not convicted by the Supreme Court. (D) He was tried but not convicted by the Senate. (E) He resigned his office rather than face a trial by the Senate. 133) Which of the following were characteristics of southern state governments during the era of Radical Republican control? I. blacks generally controlled at least one branch of the legislature in most states II. their new state constitutions instituted democratic reforms III. they were dominated by a small number of northern born Republicans IV. they were more corrupt than their northern counterparts V. they were supported by many white farmers from mountainous counties (A) I, II, and III only (B) I, II, III, and IV only (C) II, III, and IV only (D) II, III, and V only (E) all of the above 134) Under the crop lien system, a farmer (A) borrowed money against his next harvest in order to buy more land (B) borrowed money against the previous year’s harvest, which was stored in warehouses until the market was favorable for selling (C) was likely to diversify the crops he planted (D) mortgaged his next harvest to a merchant in order to buy seed and supplies and support his family (E) could usually become completely debt-free within seven to ten years. treasury (E) federal funding for the building of canals. 135) Which of the following statements is true of the Wade-Davis bill? (A) It allowed restoration of a loyal government when as few as ten percent of a state’s pre-war registered voters swore future loyalty to the Union and acceptance of emancipation (B) It explicitly required that the vote be accorded to the recently freed slaves (C) It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to regain the right to vote and hold office by simply promising future good behavior (D) It was pocket-vetoed by Lincoln (E) It provided substantially more lenient terms of Reconstruction than those favored by Lincoln. 136) “Waving the bloody shirt” was the name given to the practice of (A) scaring black potential voters into staying away from the polls (B) voting large appropriations of federal funds for unnecessary projects in a powerful congressman’s district (C) using animosities stirred up by the Civil War to gain election in the post-war North (D) inciting the country to go to war with Spain (E) machine politics as practiced in many major cities during the late 19th century. 137) The key event that guaranteed Lincoln’s reelection in 1864 was (A) the fall of Vicksburg to General Grant (B) the capture of New Orleans by Admiral Farragut (C) the defeat of Lee’s army by General Meade at Gettysburg (D) the fall of Atlanta to General Sherman (E) the successful defense of Nashville by General Thomas against repeated Confederate counterattacks. 138) “Jim Crow” laws were laws that (A) effectively prohibited blacks from voting in state and local elections (B) restricted American Indians to U.S. government reservations (C) restricted open-range ranching in the Great Plains (B) restricted American Indians to U.S. government reservations (C) restricted open-range ranching in the Great Plains (D) established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites (E) restricted the consumption and distribution of alcohol within the limits of pro-temperance communities. 139) General Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda” strategy for securing a Union victory over the Confederate States I. proposed a naval blockade of the European countries shipping the Confederacy military supplies. II.proposed a naval blockade of the Confederacy’s Atlantic and Gulf coastlines.

III.proposed to divide and subdivide the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers. IV.was supported by the press as being prudent and brilliant. (A) I and II only (B) II and Ill only (C) III and IV only (D) I, II, and III only (E) II, III, and IV only. 140) The “Lame Duck” President James Buchanan believed that (A) southern states had a legal right to secede from the Union (B) the Constitution did not authorize him to force southern states to stay in the Union (C) the election of 1860 was a fraud (D) southern states had no other choice but to secede from the United States (E) the Southern states would come back if not pressed. 141) The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were (A) Shiloh & Chancellorsville (B) Bull Run & Vicksburg (C) Gettysburg and Antietam (D) Peninsula Campaign & Fredericksburg (E) New Orleans & Bangor. 142) The Battle of Antietam was especially crucial because it (A) inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among the Southerners (B) probably prevented the intervention of Britain and France on the side of the Confederacy (C) delayed Lincoln’s plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation (D) assured the reelection of President Lincoln (E) increased the popular support for Republicans in the election of 1864. 143) The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was significant because I. it meant that congress rather than the President would determine Reconstruction policies II. it showed President Andrew Johnson’s unwillingness to accept the Radical Republican approach to Reconstruction III. it was the first major piece of legislation that became law over a presidential veto IV. it guaranteed that former slaves would control the state legislatures in the South (A) I only (B) III only (C) I and III only (D) II and IV only (E) I, II, and III only 144) “Forty acres and a mule” refers to (A) the proposal to make freed slaves small scale farmers (B) the terms of the Homestead act of 1862 (C) the allotment given to Native Americans under the Dawes Severalty Act (D) The inducement given recent immigrants if they would settle outside of urban centers (E) A typical homestead on the Great Plains in the 1870’s. 145) Which of the following statements regarding the draft and the Union Army is true? (A) More than half of the men serving the Union Army were draftees. (B) Congress passed the draft law at the beginning of the Civil War. (C) A potential draftee could hire a substitute or buy his way out of service. (D) There was widespread public support for the draft because of the patriotism generated by the war. (E) The minimum draft age was set at sixteen. 146) All of the following express Lincoln’s attitudes toward slavery and race questions at various times except: (A) He advocated emancipation of slaves with compensation to their owners before the Douglas debates (B) He maintained that his chief war aim was to preserve the Union rather than to free the slaves (C)

He believed in colonization for the freedmen. (D) He strongly supported the Thirteenth Amendment (E) He advocated immediate abolition during his debates with Douglas.