Semester 1, Day 15

Immune System Continued

Agenda Review for Quiz Take Quiz Lecture on Immune System Continued Turn in Homework Packet Presentations Reading/Work Time

Review for Quiz Definitions Pathogens and Diseases they cause Categorize pathogens as pro, eu, or neither Types of transmission Definition and example of vector Three ways pathogens cause disease Secondary infection vs. primary infection Two types of nonspecific defenses. What is

nonspecific? Relate antibodies to vaccinations Antibiotic vs. Antiviral

Take Quiz

RecallWhite Blood Cells (Leukocytes):

Protect against disease

Phagocytes:Engulf harmful

invaders, general

Lymphocytes:Immune response

cells, specific

Neutrophils:Main

phagocyte

Macrophage:Large

phagocyteHelper T-Cell:

Activate B-cellsB-Cell:

Produce antibodies

Immune System

2 Systems

Innate Immune Response (Nonspecific): rapid and

broad

Adaptive Immune Response (Specific): slow but

more effective

Vaccinations use AIR

Dead pathogens cause AIR to “learn” so it can have a

faster response for live pathogens

Immune System

Leukocytes: White blood cells

Leukemia is cancer in which white blood cells are not

properly formed and results in poor immunity

Two Categories: phagocytes (innate) & lymphocytes

(adaptive)

Phagocytes = ingesting

Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, and

Mast Cells

Lymphocytes = learning

T-Cells, B-Cells, and natural killer cells

Immune System

Neutrophils: Most common white blood cell,

first line of defense, INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Three steps:

1. Chemotaxis

2. Phagocytosis

3. Apoptosis

Immune System

1. Chemotaxis

A. Pathogen makes chems.

B. Cells respond: produce proteins called chemokines

C. Chemokines recruit neutrophils

Check For Understanding

If a cell produces high levels of chemokines,

then…

1. No neutrophils be recruited

2. Few neutrophils be recruited

3. A moderate amount of neutrophils be recruited

4. Many neutrophils be recruited

Immune System

2. Phagocytosis

A. Neutrophil IDs pathogen

B. Neu. ingests (swallows) path.

C. Neu.kills path. w/ toxic chems.

Immune System

3. Apoptosis

A. Neutrophil does “programmed cell death”: Safely

disposes of dead neu. w/ dead path, prevents more

damage

Vocabulary

Antigen: proteins on surface of paths.

Processed Antigen: prepared antigen

Antibody: a protein that fights a specific antigen

Activated B-Cell: “antibody factories”

Memory B-Cell: remember previous antigen

interaction

Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell

Helper T-Cell: activates B-cells

Immune System Antibody Mediated Response http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQmaPwP0

KRI

Immune System

• Antibody Mediated Response

1. Macrophage “eats” &

processes antigen.

2. Gives PA to Helper T-Cell

3. HT-C gives PA to B-Cell to

activate B-C

4. Activated B-Cs divide

• Some make antibodies for now

• Some stay as memory B-Cs for

later

Immune System

Passive Immunity:

Temp. protection

Antibodies from

others

Ex. breast milk, blood

Active Immunity:

Through AMR

OR through

vaccination

Deliberately expose

body to dead

pathogens

Primary versus Secondary Response

Draw graph:

Vaccinations effective

due to secondary

immune response

More rapid response

(steeper curve)

Greater response

(larger hill)

Using this information

Edit your story / skit using what you have learned

about neutrophils

Chemotaxis: “recruitment”

Phagocytosis: “the fight”

Apoptosis: “sacrifice”

We will present tomorrow

Use immunity packet; will be collected at end of period

Work/Reading Time Read Section 39.2 Section 39.2 #1-5 Chapter 39 Review #8, 12, 13, 17-19

Homework Due Immune System Packet