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Semester 1 2015

Final Exam

Honors Chemistry

1st Period – Wednesday 12/16 6th Period – Thursday 12/17

Exam Format 125 Multiple Choice Questions

90 minutes

Semester 1 Units: Lab Safety, Scientific Method/Graphing, Classification of

Matter, Atomic Structure/Electron Configuration, The Periodic Table, and Bonding.

Napoleon’s Buttons

Review all class notes, worksheets, flashcards, activities, labs, and quizzes.

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Question If any of the following happens….

Fire erupts

Someone is hurt

Chemical spill

What should you do first??

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Answer

Notify the instructor!

Question

What is the purpose of the fume hood?

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Answer Ventilation system that is used for

gases/vapors released during a chemical reaction that are not healthy for you to breathe in

Question

What is the proper procedure for disposing of chemical waste?

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Answer It depends on the chemical…

Chemicals must always be disposed of according to teacher’s instructions!

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Question

What are the 5 main steps of the scientific method?

Answer 1. Recognize and identify the problem

2. Develop hypothesis

3. Perform experiment

IV, DV, control group, experimental group, constants

4. Analyze data

5. Make a conclusion

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Question What are two tools you can use to

record your data and display your data?

Answer Data table – used to record data

Graph – used to display data

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Question Define the following:

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Answer IV: variable manipulated or changed by

experimenter

IV = I CHANGE

DV: variable that is observed; it is influenced by the IV

DV = DATA

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Question How is the experimental group

different from the control group?

Answer Experimental group: Given the IV or

different variations of the IV

Control group: Not given the IV, left under normal conditions

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Question What are constants?

Answer All other potential independent variables

that can influence your results

Also called control variables

They need to be controlled/kept constant..

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Question One tank of 10 gold fish is fed the normal amount of

food once a day. A second tank of 10 gold fish is fed twice a day. A third tank of 10 gold fish is fed four times a day during a six week study. The fish’s weight is recorded daily.

IV:

DV:

Constant:

Control GRP:

Experimental GRP(s):

Answer One tank of 10 gold fish is fed the normal amount of food once a

day. A second tank of 10 gold fish is fed twice a day. A third tank of 10 gold fish is fed four times a day during a six week study. The fish’s weight is recorded daily.

IV: # of times fed a day

DV: Fish’s weight

Constant: size of tank, type of fish, fish bought from same place, same filter system, same type of food, etc.

Control GRP: fish fed the normal amount of food

Experimental GRP(s): fish fed 2x and fish fed 4x

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Question Which axis does the IV go on? Which axis

does the DV go on?

Answer

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Question What are the two types of pure

substances that are made up of only one type of matter?

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Answer Elements

Ex: GOLD

Compounds

Ex. Water H2O

Question How is a homogenous mixture

different from a heterogeneous mixture?

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Answer Homogenous: Mixture in which the composition is

uniform; constant composition throughout

Heterogeneous: A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Question Element, compound, homogenous

mixture or heterogeneous mixture?

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Answer Heterogeneous mixture

Question Is burning wood a physical or

chemical change? Explain why.

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Answer Chemical change

New substances are formed!

Question Is melting point a physical or

chemical property? Explain why.

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Answer Physical property

Recording temperature at which a substance is melting does not change the identity of the substance

Question Is dissolving sugar in water a

physical or chemical change? Explain.

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Answer Physical change

You still have sugar and water!

No new substance formed!

Question Next to the statement, identify if it is:

Physical change

Chemical change

Physical property

Chemical property

1. Boiling water _____

2. Rusting ______

3. Ability to burn _____

4. Boiling point _____

5. NaCl Na + Cl ______

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Answer 1. Boiling water – Physical Change

2. Rusting - Chemical Change

3. Ability to burn – Chemical Property

4. Boiling point – Physical Property

5. NaCl Na + Cl – Chemical Change

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Question

How was the nucleus discovered?

Answer He fired a (alpha) particles at a very thin sample of

gold foil

Most of the positive particles went through but a few bounced back at wide angles

They were hitting the small dense region in center – the nucleus!

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Question What is the charge and location of:

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Answer Proton –

positive, nucleus

Neutron – neutral, nucleus

Electron - negative, orbitals/ electron cloud

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Question What is atomic #? What is average

atomic mass? What are these two values for hydrogen?

Answer Atomic # = # of protons in nucleus

Average atomic mass = weighted average of all the masses of an atom’s isotopes

Hydrogen

Atomic # = 1

aam = 1.008

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Question In a neutral atom, the number of

protons always equals the number of ______________________

Answer In a neutral atom, the number of

protons always equals the number of electrons.

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Question The mass number =

________ + _________

Answer The mass number = # protons + # of neutrons

Protons and neutrons are the ones with a significant mass!!

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Question How is the charge of an ion

determined?

Answer Protons – electrons

It is the difference between the protons and electrons

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Question For an atom of Carbon-12, how many:

Protons:

Neutrons:

Electrons:

Answer For an atom of Carbon-12, how many:

Protons: 6 (atomic number)

Neutrons: 6 (mass # - atomic #)

Electrons: 6 (if neutral, equal to the number of protons)

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Question

How is an ion different from an isotope?

Answer Ion is an atom with a charge

The number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons!

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different masses (different numbers of neutrons)

Carbon-12

Carbon-13

Carbon-14

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Question For an atom of Magnesium-24 with a

2+ charge, how many:

Protons:

Neutrons:

Electrons:

Answer Magnesium-24 with 2+ charge

Atomic # = 12 (protons)

Mass # = 24 (protons + neutrons)

Protons: 12

Neutrons: 24 – 12 = 12

Electrons: it had 12 but lost 2 so 10

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Question Write the electron configuration for

potassium (K).

How many electrons are in the second energy level?

How many valence electrons?

Answer Potassium K:

1s22s22p63s23p64s1

How many electrons are in the second energy level? 8

How many valence electrons? 1 (look at outer s and p orbitals)

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Question

What does the Aufbau principle state?

Answer Electrons fill orbitals with lowest

energy first

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Question How many valence electrons does

nitrogen have?

Write the electron configuration and circle the valence electrons

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Answer N: 1s22s22p3

5 valence electrons (electrons in the outer s and p orbitals) You can see it in the electron

configuration or you can look at the group number (group 5A = 5 valence electrons)

Question

What type of ion is nitrogen going to form? Explain.

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Answer N: 1s22s22p3

5 valence electrons so it only needs 3 more to have 8 (the octet)

Gains 3

Forms N 3-

Question

Why do ions form?

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Answer Octet rule

Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to get an octet

8 valence electrons in outer s and p orbitals

Question

What are the rows called? What are the columns called?

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Answer Rows = periods, series

Columns = groups, families

Question Where are the metals, nonmetals,

and metalloids located?

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Answer Metals – to the left of the zig zag line

Nonmetals – to the right of the zig zag line

Metalloids – along the zig zag line

Question Identify the following groups by name:

1:

2:

17:

18:

Groups 3-12:

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Answer Identify the following groups by name:

1: Alkali Metals

2: Alkaline Earth Metals

17: Halogens

18: Noble Gases

Groups 3-12: Transition Metals

Question Which atom has the smallest atomic radius?

Li

Na

K

Rb

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Answer Lithium (Li)

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Question Identify whether it is ionic, metallic, or covalent:

1. Occurs between a metal or nonmetal

2. When two atoms share electrons

3. When electrons move freely from atom to atom

4. When there is a transfer of electrons

5. Substances with this type of bond have a crystal lattice structure/arrangement of atoms

Answer

1. Occurs between a metal or nonmetal - IONIC

2. When two atoms share electrons – COVALENT

3. When electrons move freely from atom to atom – METALLIC

4. When there is a transfer of electrons - IONIC

5. Substances with this type of bond have a crystal lattice structure/arrangement of atoms – IONIC

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Question What is the formula for iron (III)

oxide?

Answer

Fe2O3

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Question What is the name of the compound? MgO

Answer Magnesium oxide